CN116311661A - Voting system and method for multi-device consensus of electric power Internet of things based on block chain - Google Patents
Voting system and method for multi-device consensus of electric power Internet of things based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a voting system and a voting method for multi-device consensus of a power internet of things based on a blockchain. The invention can ensure the correctness of the voting result and the privacy of the voter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power Internet of things, relates to a voting system and a voting method for multi-device consensus of the electric power Internet of things, and particularly relates to a voting system and a voting method for multi-device consensus of the electric power Internet of things based on a block chain.
Background
The problem that the power internet of things cannot achieve consensus and cooperation due to multiple reasons such as multiple manufacturers, multiple terminal devices and the like. For example, different power grid devices produced by different manufacturers may adopt different protocols, and interactions of the same resource exist between different devices, but scales of quantization, measurement and evaluation of the same resource are different, which results in that the power internet of things is difficult to maintain.
In addition, because different manufacturers and different devices have different definitions on parameters of the same terminal, a large amount of complex conversion and scheduling are required when data and parameters are processed, and the problems of high cost of the construction of the electronic Internet of things and the like are caused.
Currently, conventional electronic voting schemes are based on the assumption that a trusted third party exists. However, in the actual voting link, there are many drawbacks in this case, and since the voting result often involves interests of individuals, groups, etc., the electronic voter may be dishonest due to problems such as impersonation, coercion, bribery, etc. Dishonest voters forge, tamper, repudiate, repeat, etc. the true voting results, thereby affecting the correctness and integrity of the voting results. In particular, in the case of an intrados, the voting result is more difficult to guarantee.
In summary, the conventional electronic voting method has obvious defects, which are based on a trusted third party mechanism, and cannot guarantee the correctness of the voting result and the privacy of the voter.
No prior art patent document, which is the same as or similar to the present invention, was found after searching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of a theoretical support system based on experience in the prior art, and provides a voting system and a voting method based on the consensus of multiple devices of the electric power Internet of things of a block chain, which can ensure the correctness of voting results and the privacy of voters.
The invention solves the practical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
a voting system based on multi-device consensus of a power internet of things of a blockchain, comprising a manager, the blockchain, a voter and an intelligent contract, wherein the intelligent contract comprises an agent contract and a ticket counting contract;
the manager is used for deploying intelligent contracts, setting voting problems and options of the system, namely parameters such as starting time and ending time of each stage of the voting process, and issuing certificates to authenticate voters.
The voter is used to register an identity and generate a vote for transmission to a ticketing contract.
The ticket counting contract is used for replacing part of functions of a manager, verifying the validity of the ballot and finally publishing the voting result.
The proxy contract is used for replacing part of functions of a manager after the voting process is started, and automatically carrying out the registration identity verification and blind signature ballot of the voter.
The blockchain is used as a bulletin board for storing information such as intelligent contracts, voting results and the like and preventing tampering.
A voting method for multi-device consensus of the power internet of things based on a blockchain comprises the following steps:
step 1, contract deployment phase: the electronic voting system firstly needs a manager to initialize system information, set system parameters and deploy the information on an intelligent contract for voters to check;
step 2, registration and authentication: the voter registers authentication identity with the manager, and the manager issues a certificate to the voter; meanwhile, the voter, the agency contract and the ticket counting contract generate own public and private key pairs;
step 3, vote generation: after the voter completes the voting work, the blind selection information is sent to the proxy contract for signing, the proxy contract verifies the validity of the votes and completes the signing, and finally, the blind signature votes are sent back to the voter;
step 4, voting stage: the voter blinds the blind-signed ballot s' to obtain a formal ballot, which is encrypted and sent to the ticketing contract.
And step 5, after counting all votes or after the voting time has elapsed, publishing the voting result.
Moreover, the specific steps of the step 1 include:
1) The manager sets voting questions and options;
2) Setting start and end times: the method comprises the steps of authentication start time register_begin, authentication end time register_end, voting start time vot_begin and voting end time vot_end;
3) The manager adopts a blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption to determine a nonsingular elliptic curve by 2 ＝x 3 +ax 2 +x, defining elliptic curve domain F (finite field), G (base point on elliptic curve), n (order of G) parameters;
4) After the parameter setting is completed, the parameters are deployed on the intelligent contract to inform the voter of registration. The next stage is entered.
Moreover, the specific steps of the step 2 include:
1) Voter V randomly selects an integer d between 1, n-1, and calculates q=dg as the public key;
2) The voter V sends { Q, ID } to the manager for registration;
3) The manager performs identity verification on the voter V, determines whether the voter V has voting qualification, and issues a certificate Certi to the voter V after the checking is passed;
4) The agent contract randomly generates k epsilon z as a private key, calculates R=kG as a public key, and sends R to the voter;
5) Likewise, the ticket counting contract generates a public-private key pair (X ji ，Y ji )。
Moreover, the specific steps of the step 3 include:
1) The voter randomly selects the positions of alpha, beta,
and calculate
A＝αR+βQ+λG＝(x，y) (1)
r＝x mod n (2)
c＝SHA-1(m||r) (3)
c′＝a -1 (c -λ )mod n (4)
Wherein SHA-1 is a hash algorithm, m is an original voting message, (||) represents concatenation;
2) The voter sends the certificate Certi and the blinded vote c' to the proxy contract;
3) After the proxy contract receives the blind vote of the voter, the validity of the certificate is verified: signing if the signature is legal, otherwise refusing the signature; at the same time, the proxy contract checks the internal record to see if there is a signature record. If yes, the voter is represented as one vote and a plurality of votes are cast, and the signature is refused;
4) After agreement of the proxy contract to the signature, the calculation
s′＝d(k-c′)mod n (5)
Then registering in the internal record that the voter has voted;
5) The proxy contract will send a blind signature vote s' to the voter.
Moreover, the specific steps of the step 4 include:
1) The voter blinds s' and calculates
s＝(α′ s +β)mod n (6)
Obtaining a vote of an original signature;
2) The voter generates ballot information and encrypts the ballot information with the public key of the ticketing contract;
3) The voter anonymously transmits ballot information encrypted based on the elliptic curve to the ticketing contract.
Moreover, the specific steps of the step 5 include:
1) After receiving the vote of the selected person, the counting contract uses its private key Y ji Decrypting, taking out decrypted vote, verifying whether signature comes from proxy contract, i.e. calculating
cG+sQ＝(x 1 ，y 1 ) (7)；
2) Verification of SHA-1 (m x) 1 mod n) is equal to c;
3) If so, the ballot is valid, otherwise, the ballot is refused;
4) Inquiring whether c exists in the counting contract record, refusing the ballot if c exists, otherwise adding the ballot into the counting contract record;
5) Counting all the counting records by the counting contract to obtain a final voting result;
6) The counting contract publishes a counting result, and adds the counting result into the blockchain account book through the verification of a consensus algorithm and other nodes;
7) The voting ends.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a voting method for consensus of a plurality of devices of an electric power Internet of things based on a block chain, solves the problem of consensus by adopting a voting mode, and provides an electronic voting system under a power grid scene based on a block chain technology, wherein the electronic voting system can solve a series of problems caused by the lack of uniformity of various professional standards when a large number of heterogeneous devices are connected. And ensure the non-tamperability and auditability of the voting result, adopt the intelligent contract technology to ensure the function of the voting model to run according to the code logic, not tampered and not disturbed by the human beings, it replaces some functions such as the coordinated running and counting of the traditional trusted third party organization system. And finally, adopting a blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption to protect the privacy of voters in the power grid. The invention adopts the blockchain technology to ensure the correctness of the voting result, and simultaneously, the correctness and auditability of the voting process are ensured due to incapability of being tampered by intelligent combination by virtue of the characteristics of the blockchain.
2. The invention adopts a blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption, and replaces the traditional trusted third party mechanism with collaborative management and ticket counting functions by running intelligent contracts on a blockchain, thereby realizing automatic management and ticket counting functions. And finally, writing the ticket counting result into the blockchain through multiparty consensus, so that the trust cost of the participants is reduced. The blind signature algorithm conceals the surface information of the ballots and prevents an attacker from intervening in the voting process after knowing the voting intention of the voters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block chain-based voting system framework diagram of the multi-device consensus of the power internet of things of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
a voting system based on the common knowledge of multiple devices of the power internet of things of a blockchain, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a manager, a blockchain, a voter and an intelligent contract, wherein the intelligent contract comprises an agent contract and a ticket counting contract;
the manager is used for deploying intelligent contracts, setting voting problems and options of the system, namely parameters such as starting time and ending time of each stage of the voting process, and issuing certificates to authenticate voters.
The voter is used to register an identity and generate a vote for transmission to a ticketing contract.
The ticket counting contract is used for replacing part of functions of a manager, verifying the validity of the ballot and finally publishing the voting result.
The proxy contract is used for replacing part of functions of a manager after the voting process is started, and automatically carrying out the registration identity verification and blind signature ballot of the voter.
The blockchain is used as a bulletin board for storing information such as intelligent contracts, voting results and the like and preventing tampering.
In this embodiment, the voter is a person with voting qualification, including a representative of each grid equipment manufacturer; the manager is the initiator of the voting and the leader of the power grid system.
A voting method based on the common knowledge of a plurality of devices of the electric power Internet of things based on a blockchain is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, contract deployment phase: the electronic voting system initially requires a manager to initialize system information, set system parameters, and deploy such information on an intelligent contract for the voter to view.
The specific steps of the step 1 comprise;
5) The administrator sets voting questions and options.
6) Setting start and end times: including an authentication start time register begin, an authentication end time register end, a vote start time vote end, and a vote end time vote end.
7) The manager adopts a blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption to determine a nonsingular elliptic curve by 2 ＝x 3 +ax 2 +x, defining parameters such as elliptic curve domain F (finite field), G (base point on elliptic curve), n (order of G), etc.
8) After the parameter setting is completed, the parameters are deployed on the intelligent contract to inform the voter of registration. The next stage is entered.
Step 2, registration and authentication: the voter registers authentication identity with the manager, and the manager issues a certificate to the voter; meanwhile, the voter, the proxy contract and the ticket counting contract generate own public-private key pairs.
The specific steps of the step 2 include:
5) Voter V randomly selects an integer d between 1, n-1, and calculates q=dg as the public key.
6) Voter V sends { Q, ID } to the administrator for registration.
7) The manager performs identity verification on the voter V, determines whether the voter V has voting qualification, and issues a certificate Certi to the voter V after the verification is passed.
8) The proxy contract randomly generates k epsilon z as a private key, calculates r=kg as a public key, and sends R to the voter.
9) Likewise, the ticket counting contract generates a public-private key pair (X ji ，Y ji )。
In this embodiment, the registration work must be done within the register_begin, register_end.
Step 3, vote generation: after the voter completes the voting work, the blind selection information is sent to the proxy contract for signing, the proxy contract verifies the validity of the votes and completes the signing, and finally, the blind signature votes are sent back to the voter;
the specific steps of the step 3 include:
6) The voter randomly selects the positions of alpha, beta,
and calculate
A＝αR+βQ+λG＝(x，y) (1)
r＝x mod n(2)
c＝SHA-1(m||r) (3)
c′＝a -1 (c -λ )mod n (4)
Where SHA-1 is a hash algorithm, m is the original voting message, (||) represents concatenation.
7) The voter sends the certificate Certi and the blinded vote c' to the proxy contract.
8) After the proxy contract receives the blind vote of the voter, the validity of the certificate is verified: signing if the signature is legal, otherwise refusing the signature; at the same time, the proxy contract checks the internal record to see if there is a signature record. If so, the voter is presented with a single vote and the signature is rejected.
9) After agreement of the proxy contract to the signature, the calculation
s′＝d(k-c′)mod n (5)
The voter is then registered in the internal record that the voter has voted.
10 The proxy contract will send blind signature votes s' to the voter.
Step 4, voting stage: the voter blinds the blind-signed ballot s' to obtain a formal ballot, which is encrypted and sent to the ticketing contract.
The specific steps of the step 4 include:
4) The voter blinds s' and calculates
s＝(α′ s +β)mod n (6)
Obtaining the vote of the original signature.
5) The voter generates ballot information and encrypts it with the public key of the ticketing contract.
6) The voter anonymously transmits ballot information encrypted based on the elliptic curve to the ticketing contract.
In this embodiment, the voting work is completed within [ vot_begin, vot_end ].
Step 5, ticket counting stage
The counting contract verifies the validity of the encrypted ballot, checks whether the ballot has counted to prevent the occurrence of one ballot and multiple ballots, counts the ballots, and finally publishes the voting result after counting all ballots or after voting time.
The specific steps of the step 5 include:
7) After receiving the vote of the selected person, the counting contract uses its private key Y ji Decrypting, taking out decrypted vote, verifying whether signature comes from proxy contract, i.e. calculating
cG+sQ＝(x 1 ，y 1 ) (7)
8) Verification of SHA-1 (m x) 1 mod n) is equal to c;
9) If so, the ballot is valid, otherwise, the ballot is refused;
10 If c exists in the counting contract inquiry record, rejecting the ballot if c exists, otherwise, adding the ballot into the counting record;
11 Counting all the counting records by the counting contract to obtain a final voting result.
12 A counting contract publishes a counting result and adds the counting result to the blockchain ledger through a consensus algorithm and verification of other nodes.
The voting ends.
The innovation of the invention is that:
the method solves the problem of consensus of mass heterogeneous terminals of the electric power Internet of things. By adopting the technologies of blockchain, intelligent contracts, blind signature and the like, the correctness of the result in the consensus voting process is ensured, and the information of voter votes is protected. The key point is to flexibly combine the three technologies to solve the problem of consensus of heterogeneous terminals. The protection point is the design of this voting model.
Legitimacy: the non-counterfeitability of the blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption is utilized, so that any person cannot forge the identity authorization, and the legitimacy of the identity of the selection person is protected.
Verifiability: the model distributes voting results on a blockchain, and a selector can verify and check whether the ballot is correct according to the signature of the selector.
Privacy: the blind signature and the hash function enable no person except the winner to know the content of the ballot, so that the privacy of the winner and the ballot is ensured.
Fairness: before the voting is finished, the voting contract does not publish the voting result. No one can predict the intermediate result of the current voting, change the trend of the voting result and ensure the fairness of the voting.
Uniqueness: in the ballot generation stage and the ticket counting stage, the agent contract and the ticket closing date check whether signed or counted in the record to prevent one ticket from being thrown more.
Robustness: in the whole voting process, except that the voter registration and the voting cannot be interfered, other stages are automatically completed by intelligent contracts, so that errors caused by human factors are reduced, and the robustness of a voting system is ensured.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than limiting, and that this invention encompasses other embodiments which may be made by those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein and which fall within the scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. A voting system based on the common knowledge of a plurality of devices of the electric power Internet of things based on a block chain is characterized in that: including manager, blockchain, voter, and intelligent contracts, including agent contracts and ticket contracts;
the manager is used for deploying intelligent contracts, setting voting problems and options of the system, namely parameters such as starting time and ending time of each stage of the voting process, and issuing certificates to authenticate voters.
The voter is used to register an identity and generate a vote for transmission to a ticketing contract.
The ticket counting contract is used for replacing part of functions of a manager, verifying the validity of the ballot and finally publishing the voting result.
The proxy contract is used for replacing part of functions of a manager after the voting process is started, and automatically carrying out the registration identity verification and blind signature ballot of the voter.
The blockchain is used as a bulletin board for storing information such as intelligent contracts, voting results and the like and preventing tampering.
2. A voting method for multi-device consensus of the electric power Internet of things based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, contract deployment phase: the electronic voting system firstly needs a manager to initialize system information, set system parameters and deploy the information on an intelligent contract for voters to check;
step 2, registration and authentication: the voter registers authentication identity with the manager, and the manager issues a certificate to the voter; meanwhile, the voter, the agency contract and the ticket counting contract generate own public and private key pairs;
step 3, vote generation: after the voter completes the voting work, the blind selection information is sent to the proxy contract for signing, the proxy contract verifies the validity of the votes and completes the signing, and finally, the blind signature votes are sent back to the voter;
step 4, voting stage: the voter blinds the blind-signed ballot s' to obtain a formal ballot, which is encrypted and sent to the ticketing contract.
And step 5, after counting all votes or after the voting time has elapsed, publishing the voting result.
3. The voting method based on the multi-device consensus of the electric power internet of things based on the blockchain as recited in claim 2, wherein the voting method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the step 1 comprise:
1) The manager sets voting questions and options;
2) Setting start and end times: the method comprises the steps of authentication start time register_begin, authentication end time register_end, voting start time vot_begin and voting end time vot_end;
3) The manager adopts a blind signature algorithm based on elliptic curve encryption to determine a nonsingular elliptic curve by 2 ＝x 3 +ax 2 +x, defining elliptic curve domain F (finite field), G (base point on elliptic curve), n (order of G) parameters;
4) After the parameter setting is completed, the parameters are deployed on the intelligent contract to inform the voter of registration. The next stage is entered.
4. The voting method based on the multi-device consensus of the electric power internet of things based on the blockchain as recited in claim 2, wherein the voting method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the step 2 include:
1) Voter V randomly selects an integer d between 1, n-1, and calculates q=dg as the public key;
2) The voter V sends { Q, ID } to the manager for registration;
3) The manager performs identity verification on the voter V, determines whether the voter V has voting qualification, and issues a certificate Certi to the voter V after the checking is passed;
4) The agent contract randomly generates k epsilon z as a private key, calculates R=kG as a public key, and sends R to the voter;
5) Likewise, the ticket counting contract generates a public-private key pair (X ji ，Y ji )。
5. The voting method based on the multi-device consensus of the electric power internet of things based on the blockchain as recited in claim 2, wherein the voting method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the step 3 include:
1) The voter randomly selects the positions of alpha, beta,
and calculate
A＝ΔR+βQ+λG＝(x，y) (1)
r＝x mod n (2)
c＝SHA-1(m||r) (3)
c'＝a -1 (c -λ )mod n (4)
Wherein SHA-1 is a hash algorithm, m is an original voting message, (||) represents concatenation;
2) The voter sends the certificate Certi and the blinded vote c' to the proxy contract;
3) After the proxy contract receives the blind vote of the voter, the validity of the certificate is verified: signing if the signature is legal, otherwise refusing the signature; at the same time, the proxy contract checks the internal record to see if there is a signature record. If yes, the voter is represented as one vote and a plurality of votes are cast, and the signature is refused;
4) After agreement of the proxy contract to the signature, the calculation
s'＝d(k-c')mod n (5)
Then registering in the internal record that the voter has voted;
5) The proxy contract will send a blind signature vote s' to the voter.
6. The voting method based on the multi-device consensus of the electric power internet of things based on the blockchain as recited in claim 2, wherein the voting method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the step 4 include:
1) The voter blinds s' and calculates
s＝(α' s +β)mod n (6)
Obtaining a vote of an original signature;
2) The voter generates ballot information and encrypts the ballot information with the public key of the ticketing contract;
3) The voter anonymously transmits ballot information encrypted based on the elliptic curve to the ticketing contract.
7. The voting method based on the multi-device consensus of the electric power internet of things based on the blockchain as recited in claim 2, wherein the voting method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the step 5 include:
1) After receiving the vote of the selected person, the counting contract uses its private key Y ji Decrypting, taking out decrypted vote, verifying whether signature comes from proxy contract, i.e. calculating
cG+sQ＝(x 1 ,y 1 ) (7)；
2) Verification of SHA-1 (m x) 1 mod n) is equal to c;
3) If so, the ballot is valid, otherwise, the ballot is refused;
4) Inquiring whether c exists in the counting contract record, refusing the ballot if c exists, otherwise adding the ballot into the counting contract record;
5) Counting all the counting records by the counting contract to obtain a final voting result;
6) The counting contract publishes a counting result, and adds the counting result into the blockchain account book through the verification of a consensus algorithm and other nodes;
7) The voting ends.
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