CN116308449A - Multi-dimensional benefit evaluation method for life cycle of sponge city green facility - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional benefit evaluation method for life cycle of sponge city green facility Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-dimensional benefit evaluation method for a life cycle of a sponge city gray-green facility, which comprises the following evaluation units of economic benefit evaluation, environmental benefit evaluation, social benefit evaluation, life cycle benefit evaluation, gray system and green system cost evaluation. The invention provides a more systematic and comprehensive evaluation scheme which can effectively strengthen the correlation and intuitiveness of comprehensive evaluation so as to determine and analyze the multi-scale common benefits to be obtained from green color storage facility projects. Is especially suitable for the regions of the Yangtze river and the south of China. The evaluation method provided by the invention is convenient for calculating the evaluation method and the data reference value in an automatic electronic form mode (presented by an Excel graphical operation interface embedded with a calculation formula script), the interface is more friendly, the use is simpler and more convenient, and the efficiency of the evaluation benefit of the sponge city green facility of the practitioner is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grey green facility benefit evaluation of urban runoff pollution of sponge cities, in particular to a grey green facility multidimensional benefit evaluation method. The green-gray facility can be a green roof, a biological retention system, a permeable pavement, a large green color storage facility and the like.
Background
Sponge city is the management idea of the urban water system of localization for new city in China. Under the background that urban land waterproof rate is increased continuously and urban black and odorous water body treatment enters a deep water area and extreme weather frequently occurs in China, it is important to construct sponge cities and improve urban water environment quality and rain and flood toughness. In the system, the regulation facility occupies an important position, and the site selection and the scale of the regulation facility have the effect of removing pollutants or not, so that the effective operation of the whole rainwater management system is affected, and the regulation facility can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple angles such as water quantity control, water quality guarantee, full environmental benefit improvement, economy and effectiveness and the like, so that the regulation facility has important significance.
The properties of the green facilities such as pollutant control efficiency and landscape construction method are widely studied, and China has tried to build a plurality of sponge city test points to build cities, so that the construction technology of the green facilities has been greatly improved. But the construction of sponge city green color storage facilities still faces other factors. The expectations for sponge city construction are beyond the single index of rain and flood management, and the construction of sponge city green facilities currently faces the evaluation requirement of multi-index benefits. Analysis in terms of economic and overall environmental benefits is far from adequate. In particular, the multifunctional green facilities in different community institutions need to meet different requirements, such as water environment improvement, and the green roof needs to meet the suitability of building environments and landscape requirements. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a device for the treatment of a disease. On the social level, the fund limitation, lack of economic demonstration, the limited resources of municipal construction departments and the dependence on the construction path of gray facilities, the public acceptance and the perception of green facilities are all urgent to consider in the construction legislation. In addition, the greyish green facilities have a long life, and both capital and cost of construction and maintenance and uncertainty in performance need to be extended to account for over their lifecycle to quantify these effects in monetary values. Thus implementing these natural solutions in practice requires a multi-dimensional and clear overview of cost and benefit, and green facility benefit assessment is becoming increasingly important.
Despite the various assessment tools or frameworks developed for green facilities based on different purposes, there is a lack of multi-dimensional full-cycle assessment methods for green facility benefits, and the assessment of investment projects is a key component of return on investment calculation and final decision making, as it provides an easily understood figure to decision makers and the public. However, the benefits of green facilities are often underestimated, especially in small cities, and accurate knowledge of the benefits of green facilities is lacking. First, most of the economic benefit assessment of green infrastructure is still based on the variability of gray facilities from green facilities. Second, current assessment tools are rarely designed for urban or regional specificity: the benefit differences of green facilities in areas of different climates and terrains require localized assessment tools based on the above requirements, and it has been found that current assessment tools cannot be readily used to support the decision itself. Existing assessment tools often consider only a single economic cost-revenue return element, only a small portion of which considers economic-social-environmental ternary element cost-benefit analysis, while the lack of dynamic analysis over the lifecycle of each benefit to the green facility results in the benefits to the green facility often being underestimated, which severely impacts the benefit awareness to the green facility. And lack of localized data metrics, uncertainty will greatly increase for personal reasons due to lack of systematic, simple and easy-to-use assessment tools and data support.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the scientificity, systematicness and accuracy of the green facility benefit evaluation of the sponge city, and meanwhile, a feasible and easy-to-use gray green facility benefit evaluation tool needs to be developed. For this purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the multi-dimensional benefit evaluation method for the life cycle of the sponge city green facility is characterized by comprising the following evaluation units:
(1) An economic benefit assessment, the economic benefit assessment comprising:
(1-1) calculation of runoff pollution amount reduction;
(1-2) an assessment of reduced water treatment costs;
(1-3) energy-saving benefit assessment;
(2) An environmental benefit assessment, the environmental benefit assessment comprising:
(2-1) air quality assessment;
(2-2) climate benefit assessment;
(3) Social benefit evaluation;
(4) Assessing life cycle benefits;
(5) Gray system and green system cost assessment, the gray system and green system cost assessment comprising:
(5-1) gray system cost;
(5-2) green system costs and incremental maintenance costs.
In the invention, the dimensions (economy, environment and social dimensions) of the green facility described in the background technology are combined together to carry out the life cycle benefit evaluation of the green facility. Specifically, the invention considers that the life cycle evaluation method is incorporated into the original method system, and improves the evaluation system to promote the latitude green infrastructure benefit evaluation and the scheme evaluation necessary auxiliary decision: the invention develops a set of indexes/standards to comprehensively evaluate the multi-scale and multi-functional benefits of the green infrastructure from the angles of urban planning and urban land management and designers. The specific implementation way is as follows: (1) The method comprises the steps of bringing social benefits and environmental benefits (including water environment benefits, water resource benefits and low carbon benefits) into play and providing a corresponding monetization benefit evaluation calculation method; (2) And integrating the parameter values of the corresponding benefit estimation methods in the existing research, and providing a regional data selection method and a data interval. Based on the above technical solutions, the following further technical solutions may be adopted or used in combination:
(1-1) calculation of the amount of runoff pollution to be reduced:
the control of runoff pollution is realized by controlling the runoff water quantity firstly, and for green facilities, emission is reduced by a source, and the pollution does not enter a pipe network and downstream water treatment facilities. The total runoff reduction of green roofs, small green storage facilities (including biological retention ponds, rainwater gardens, grass planting furrows, sinking greenbelts, high-low rainwater flower beds and the like, replaced by biological retention systems below), permeable facilities (i.e. permeable pavement, small permeable ponds) and large green regulation (including ecological filter tanks, wet ponds and artificial wetlands) is estimated by multiplying annual precipitation by the total service area of the green facilities and multiplying by the percentage of rainwater retained by the green infrastructure, and can be calculated by the following formula:
R GI ＝A pre ×GI i ×RE(％)×10 -3 (1)
wherein: r is R GI Total runoff reduction (m) 3 )；
A pre -annual rainfall (mm);
GI i -green facility service area (m 2 ) The green facilities can refer to a green roof, a biological retention system, a permeable pavement and a large green regulation;
RE (%) -percentage of rainwater retained by green facilities (%).
Further, considering that the rain interception percentages of different green facilities are different, the calculation can be respectively performed:
R GR ＝A pre ×GI GR ×RE(％)×10 -3 (2)
R BS ＝A pre ×GI BS ×RE(％)×10 -3 (3)
R PP ＝A pre ×GI PP ×RE(％)×10 -3 (4)
R GI ＝R GR +R BS +R PP (5)
wherein: r is R GR 、R BS 、R PP 、R GI Respectively, green roof, biological retention system, permeable pavement and green facility runoff reduction (m) 3 )；GI GR 、GI BS 、GI PP 、GI GI Respectively a green roof, a biological retention system, a permeable pavement and a green facility service area (m) 2 )。
The parameters can be obtained by means of actual measurement, literature, databases and the like, and the invention also provides a set of recommended parameter databases in the following, and is particularly suitable for the regions of the Yangtze river and the south of China.
(1-2) evaluation for reduction of Water treatment costs
The reduction of runoff can reduce the rainwater treatment cost, and the rainwater treatment cost is multiplied by the reduced total runoff amount, so that the saved water treatment cost is obtained. The following formula may be employed:
B water ＝R GI ×F marginal (6)
wherein: b (B) water Annual economic benefits of water treatment (Yuan, RMB);
F marginal cost of disposal of rainwater (Yuan, renminbi).
(1-3) evaluation of energy saving benefits
There is an indirect relationship between the reduction in water treatment and energy consumption. Thus, the energy-related benefits and their value can be calculated by the local electricity market price multiplied by the kilowatt-hours of electricity savings, and the green rooftop climate conditioning building energy saving benefits are calculated by the heating price multiplied by the natural gas heating value (Btu). In order to provide a simple estimate of building energy conservation, the proposed method treats green roofs as insulating medium and ensures that direct heat flux reduction would bring energy saving benefits.
E GR-cooling ＝D cooling ×GI GR ×ΔU×24hrs/day (7)
E GR-heating ＝D heating ×GI GR ×ΔU×24hrs/day (8)
E water treatment ＝R GI ×C unit electricity consumption (9)
Wherein: e (E) GR-cooling 、E GR-heating -energy saving per year (KWh) in terms of refrigeration and heating for green roofs, respectively;
E water treatment -a reduction of the water treatment capacity results in energy conservation (KWh) of the sewage treatment plant;
D cooling 、D heating -refrigeration degree days (CDD), heating index (HDD) (. Degree. C. Days), respectively
DeltaU-difference in heat transfer coefficient between conventional roof and green roof (W/m) 2 ·K)
C unit electricity consumption Energy consumption (KWh/m) required for the treatment of rainwater per cubic meter 3 )
Representing its value in currency:
B energy ＝(E GR-cooling +E water treatment )×P elec +E GR-heating ×P gas (10)
wherein: b (B) energy Annual economic benefits (Yuan, RMB) related to energy conservation;
P elec 、P gas electric and natural gas local market prices (RMB/kWh, RMB/Btu).
Conventional atmospheric pollutants (NO) 2 、SO 2 、O 3 And PM 10) and carbon dioxide reduction are environmental benefits. The green facilities directly reduce conventional pollutants and carbon dioxide through direct absorption, isolation and the like. The water treatment capacity is reduced by intercepting rainwater, electric energy is saved in a sewage treatment plant, the electricity generation emission in the part of the power plant is reduced, and the conventional air pollutants and carbon dioxide are also reduced correspondingly and indirectly. When conventional contaminants and carbon dioxide are reduced, the effects of climate change are lessened, making the green infrastructure conducive to climate change. The green infrastructure also provides heatBenefits, for example, green roofs provide thermal insulation, thereby reducing the energy requirements of the building. Generally, methods for quantifying environmental benefits of water permeable pavement are very limited. However, for green roofs there are more sophisticated methods and data to quantify environmental benefits. For example, the monetary thermal benefit of green roofs may be measured as the total cost saved using electricity to cool or heat, which is factored into the economic benefits.
(2-1) evaluation of air quality
This section evaluates the direct (deposition and absorption) and indirect (emission avoidance) air quality effects of the green system, indicating how these effects are evaluated in terms of money. Comprising the following steps:
(2-1-1) direct benefit assessment
To measure the efficiency of green facilities in reducing air pollutants, the following equations can be used to quantify the immediate benefit obtained on the basis of green facility area and average absorption/deposition of pollutants in the application.
AQ GR ＝P GR-pollutant uptake ×GI GR (11)
AQ BS ＝P BS-pollutant uptake ×GI BS (12)
Wherein: AQ GR 、AQ BS -the amount of routine contaminants (kg) absorbed annually through green roofs and bioretention systems;
P GR-pollutant uptake 、P BS-pollutant uptake approximation of annual pollutant removal rate by green roof, biological retention system (kg/m) 2 )。
(2-1-2) indirect benefit assessment
Indirect reduction of air pollution emissions includes reducing energy consumption by reducing energy use of the building or reducing water treatment requirements. The estimated electricity usage reduction is multiplied by the emission factor to quantify this effect. The total amount of pollutant emissions avoided due to the reduced energy usage in terms of electricity and natural gas is calculated using equations (13) (14).
AQ elec ＝(E GR-cooling +E water treatment )×E elec-emission factor (13)
AQ gas ＝E GR-heating ×E gas-emission factor (14)
Wherein: AQ elec 、AQ gas -reduced use of electric energy and natural gas, annual avoidance of air pollutant emissions (kg);
E elec-emission factor 、E gas-emission factor -emissions of air pollutants from electric and natural gas production processes.
(2-2) evaluation of climate benefit
This section provides how to quantify and evaluate direct (absorption) and indirect (emission reduction) benefits. While recognizing that other types of greenhouse gases can lead to global climate change. This section is of particular concern for the climate benefits of reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, since green facilities have the most direct impact on greenhouse gases.
(2-2-1) direct benefit assessment
Calculation can be performed by kg carbon fixation per square meter of above ground biomass and converting the carbon fixation into carbon dioxide equivalent.
C GR ＝C GR-co2 removal ×GI GR (16)
C BS ＝C BS-co2 removal ×GI BS (17)
Wherein: c (C) GR 、C BS -the amount of carbon dioxide (Kg) reduced annually by green roofs and bioretention systems;
C GR-co2 removal 、C BS-co2 removal removal rate of carbon dioxide (Kg/m) in green roof, bioretention system 2 )。
(2-2-2) indirect benefit assessment
The indirect benefit is achieved by means which help to improve climate change (avoiding emissions) To quantify. Providing a method for calculating CO for reducing energy use 2 And the process of avoiding the discharge amount is total.
C elec ＝(E GR-cooling +E water treatment )×R elec-co2 emission rate (18)
C gas ＝E GR-heating ×R gas-co2 emission rate (19)
Wherein: c (C) elec 、C gas -reduced use of electric energy and natural gas, carbon dioxide emissions (kg) avoided each year;
R elec-co2 emission rate 、R gas-co2 emission rate carbon dioxide emissions per unit energy per year (kg/kWh) can be avoided due to the reduction of electricity and natural gas usage.
After the use of the grayish green binding scheme, the construction of a portion of the gray infrastructure, such as a regulation reservoir, can be reduced. The carbon emission reduction of the reduced part of the building construction can be calculated according to the building carbon emission calculation standard (GB/T51366-2019). Mainly comprises carbon emission reduction in building material production, carbon emission reduction in material transportation, carbon emission reduction in energy consumption in building construction and demolition processes, and the like.
Wherein, the carbon emission in the building material production stage is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: c (C) sc Carbon emission (kgCO) at the building material production stage 2 e)；
M i -the consumption of the i-th main building material;
F i carbon emission factor (kgCO) of the ith main building material 2 e/unit building material quantity), and taking values according to the data list.
The carbon emission in the building material transportation stage is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: c (C) ys Carbon emission (kgCO) at the building material production stage 2 e)；
M i -the consumption (t) of the ith main building material;
D i -an i-th building material average transport distance (km);
T i -carbon emission factor per unit weight transport distance [ kgCO ] in transport mode of the ith building material 2 e/(t·km)]。
The carbon emissions of the building construction stage should be calculated as follows:
wherein: c (C) JZ Carbon emissions (kgCO) during the building construction and demolition phases 2 e)；
E jc,i -total energy consumption (kWh or kg) at the i-th stage of building construction and demolition;
EF i carbon emission factor (kgCO) of class i energy source 2 e/kWh), according to the data list.
(3) For social benefit assessment
In discussing the property value, people would like to pay more or less 1% of the property value as an additional fee to the property in combination with the green infrastructure.
Public WTP ＝WTP public/person ×N Pop (23)
Private WTP ＝WTP％NP×PPV×NP (24)
B WTP ＝Public WTP +Private WTP (25)
Wherein: public WTP 、Private WTP Annual public places and private residences willing to pay for green infrastructure;
WTP public/person -a fee each person is willing to pay each year;
N Pop -population;
WTP% np—private willingness to pay as a percentage of the attribute value;
ppv—average property value of a city;
np—monthly average property trade;
B WTP -economic quantification of the social benefits each year.
(4) Evaluation of lifecycle benefit
In calculating the lifecycle, it is expected that the benefits of green system installation will begin to manifest at the end of the first year at the end of the project. The lifecycle benefit assessment is calculated from a typical 25 year service period.
Wherein: b (B) 1 Overall benefit of green infrastructure;
B 1 ＝B water +B energy +B air +B climate (26)
B n ＝B 1 ×(1+i) n-1 (27)
PV netB ＝PV B -PV C (29)
B n -value of the nth year currency;
i. r—currency expansion rate, currency discount rate;
PV B -the value of the life cycle benefit in n years;
PV C -the value of life cycle costs in n years;
PV netB -n years lifecycle net present value.
(5) Cost assessment for gray and green systems, including
(5-1) Gray System cost
The gray system cost is embodied by using the manufacturing cost of the regulating reservoir, and the calculation formula is as follows:
P grey ＝V grey ×P unit (30)
wherein: p (P) grey -grey system construction costs (yuan);
V grey -a regulating reservoir volume (m 3 )；
P unit Building a price per cubic meter of regulation reservoir volume.
(5-2) Green System cost and incremental maintenance cost
Green system setup costs the service area of various green infrastructure can be multiplied by the unit price to yield the result. The calculation formula is as follows:
P green ＝A i,green ×P i,unit (31)
wherein: p (P) green -green system setup cost (meta);
A i,green service area (m) of various green infrastructures 2 )；
P i,unit Various green infrastructure construction prices per square meter.
The annual operation and maintenance incremental cost of the green system refers to the difference between the annual operation and maintenance cost of the green system and the operation and maintenance cost of the gray system, and the total incremental maintenance cost can be obtained by multiplying the incremental maintenance cost per square meter by the service area of the green infrastructure. The calculation formula is as follows:
P maintain ＝A i,green ×PM i,unit (32)
wherein: p (P) maintain -green system incremental maintenance costs (primitives);
A i,green service area (m) of various green infrastructures 2 )；
PM i,unit Incremental maintenance costs (units) per square meter for various green infrastructures.
The invention also provides a data list related to each benefit of the reference database.
The formula parameters related in the patent are subjected to localization correction through data investigation, the evaluation system and parameter selection are particularly suitable for the regions between Yangtze river and south of China, and the following tables are detailed parameter values or value ranges. Comprising
TABLE 1 "reference database" economic benefits associated data List
TABLE 2 "reference database" environmental benefit related data List
TABLE 3 "reference database" Power plant CO2 emission factor across sites
Note that: the data is from 4 months and 8 days of 2019, and the national climate strategic center of the ecological environment department issues a letter of self-evaluation report of the implementation of the objective responsibility for controlling the emission of greenhouse gases by the government of provincial and civil government of 2018 on the market of the ecological environment department.
TABLE 4 "reference database" building Material carbon emission factors
According to a second aspect of the object of the present invention there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of any of the methods for life cycle multidimensional benefit assessment of a sponge city green facility.
According to a third aspect of the object of the present invention, an electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of any one of the methods for multi-dimensional benefit assessment of the life cycle of a spongy urban grey-green plant when executing the program.
The invention expands the framework of the original sponge city construction evaluation method, brings the environmental benefit and the social benefit into the evaluation framework, integrates the original economic benefit evaluation, monetizes the environmental benefit and the social benefit, synthesizes the life cycle of the green facility, and provides a more systematic and comprehensive evaluation scheme. The evaluation method can effectively strengthen the relevance and intuitiveness of comprehensive evaluation so as to determine and analyze the multi-scale common benefits to be obtained from the green color storage facility project. On the basis, the parameter reference values of the prior literature are incorporated and integrated into a parameter database for reference, and the method is particularly suitable for the regions of the Yangtze river and the south of China. In addition, the evaluation method provided by the invention has a more convenient operation mode, is convenient for calculating the evaluation method and the data reference value in an automatic spreadsheet mode (presented by an Excel graphical operation interface embedded with a calculation formula script), is more friendly in interface, is simpler and more convenient to use, and is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the evaluation benefit of the sponge city green facility of the practitioner.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a kit calculation using the evaluation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For ease of description of embodiments of the present invention, the computing methodology described above is implemented in Excel.
Example 1: chongqing new area case calculation demonstration
The green infrastructure-related data in the new zone scheme is first entered as shown in table 5 below.
The "3 water and energy" correlation results in the kit were obtained first according to the calculation formula described above (automatic calculation cells in table 6), and the data in the "reference database" in the kit (tables 1-4 described above), see table 6 below:
there are various green infrastructure individual data, together with aggregated data.
From the data in Table 5, the foregoing calculation formula (automatic calculation cell in Table 7), and the foregoing data in the "reference database", the "4 pollutant emission reduction" correlation results in the kit are obtained, see Table 7 below:
there are various green infrastructure individual data, together with aggregated data.
The "5 low carbon benefits" in the toolkit were then calculated (see table 9). The data of the amount of the gray system building materials, transportation, construction, and demolition required, etc., shown in the following table 8, are inputted. In this case, there is no data of this part, so "0" is input.
Table 9, low carbon benefit calculation:
from the input data, the foregoing calculation formula (automatic calculation cell in table 10) according to the present invention, and the data in the "reference database" in the tool pack (see tables 1 to 4), can obtain "5 low carbon benefits", as shown in table 9 above. The calculation of each part is essentially completed here, and then the values of the main parts are extracted and displayed in the kit "6 economic benefit and environmental benefit", see table 10 below:
the error is displayed at this time because the case has no large green adjustment and the error can be ignored. There may be other aspects to the evaluation of social benefits, where a reference may be provided and where there is no information on the population of the site, the price of the house, etc., where table 11 below is merely exemplary and actual data is to be filled in during a particular operation. The case does not have specific information, but truly obtains an estimated social benefit according to a social benefit calculation formula, and the estimated social benefit is embodied in the summary. Table 11:
the green system cost is estimated, and this embodiment does not contain a reservoir and therefore is embodied in terms of actual gray system cost (conventional roof, conventional rain pool, conventional road surface). The detailed data can be seen from the figures, and a general description is made here.
The present embodiment creates an economic, environmental and social benefit quantification and assessment framework for green infrastructure implementation using empirical and project data and compares with gray infrastructure utilization. In the case study of the 25 year life cycle, the green roof has the highest benefit, and the secondary biological retention system has the lowest benefit of the water permeable pavement because of the lack of benefit quantification and methods.
1. Green system annual reducing runoff 1102126.78m 3 Annual overall economyThe benefit is 325.44 ten thousand yuan.
2. The economic benefits of green roofs, bioretention and water permeable pavements are 3.52 yuan per square meter, 1.94 yuan per square meter and 1.97 yuan per square meter, respectively, per year.
3. On environmental benefit, green infrastructure absorbs and reduces NO emission annually 2 Total 149.14kg, SO 2 155.62kg of CO 2 And 5062487.62kg.
4. The construction cost of the green infrastructure is 1.65 hundred million yuan, the annual increment maintenance cost is 395.63 ten thousand yuan, and the total cost is 2.64 hundred million yuan in the 25-year life cycle; the actual gray system cost is 42.5 ten thousand yuan for a traditional roof, 19.06 ten thousand yuan for a traditional rainwater pond, 7.12 hundred million yuan for a traditional road surface, and 7.126 hundred million yuan.
5. This example shows that the social benefit embodied in the property value and property is 9.96 billion yuan.
Example 2: case calculation demonstration of a certain regulation pool
According to the data, the annual overflow water amount 159000m of the regulating reservoir is reduced 3 The service area of each green infrastructure in the kit was adjusted to reduce the runoff to approximately 159000m 3 . As shown in table 12 below.
According to the calculation formula (automatic calculation cell in table 13) and the data in the "2 reference database" in the kit (tables 1 to 4), the "3 water and energy" correlation results in the kit are obtained first, see table 13 below:
there are various green infrastructure individual data, together with aggregated data.
Based on the data of "1 item data" in table 12, the calculation formula (automatic calculation cell in table 14) described in the present invention, and the data in the "reference database" in the kit (tables 1 to 4 described above), the relevant results of "4 pollutant emission reduction" in the kit are obtained, see table 14 below.
There are various green infrastructure individual data, together with aggregated data.
The "5 low carbon benefits" in the toolkit were then calculated. The data of the amount of the gray system building materials, transportation, construction, and demolition required, etc., shown in the following table 15, are inputted. Without the following table section, the calculation would be affected insufficiently.
Table 16:
from the input data, the foregoing calculation formula (automatic calculation cell in Table 16) according to the present invention, and the data in the "reference database" in the tool pack (foregoing tables 1 to 4), the "5 low carbon benefits" can be obtained as shown in Table 16 above.
The calculation of each part is essentially completed here, and then the values of the respective main parts are extracted and displayed in the kit "6 economic and environmental benefits", see table 17 below:
there may be other aspects to the evaluation of social benefits, where a reference may be provided, see table 18 below, and where there is no information about the population, price etc. of the site where the reservoir is located, where actual data is to be filled in during specific operations, by way of example only.
The cost of the lime green system is estimated after the benefit is calculated, see table 19 below:
the reduction rate is also added in the present case, the reduction rate of the water quality pollutants is directly added in the tool bag by using the exemplary engineering case of the Xiaoyao jin regulation reservoir, and the reduction rate of the water quality pollutants is obtained by consulting the literature. In practice this part requires numerical simulation software for calculation.
In this case, the detailed data can be seen from the picture. A general description is made herein.
The present study creates an economic, environmental and social benefit quantification and assessment framework for green infrastructure implementation using empirical and project data and compared to gray infrastructure utilization.
1. Because the runoff is reduced 159000m in the year of the regulating reservoir 3 Based on the regulation of the service area of the green system, the runoff is reduced by 159120m each year 3 More or less similar. The economic benefit of the green system is 49.37 ten thousand yuan per year.
2. The economic benefits of green roofs, bio-retentive, water permeable pavements and large green-hues per year are 4.27 yuan per square meter, 2.70 yuan per square meter, 2.74 yuan per square meter and 2.79 yuan per square meter, respectively.
3. On environmental benefit, green infrastructure absorbs and reduces NO emission annually 2 146.32kg of SO 2 Total 198.01kg, CO 2 And 2977517.88kg.
4. The estimated construction cost of the green infrastructure is 3810 hundred million yuan, the annual incremental maintenance cost is 126.73 ten thousand yuan, and the total cost is 6978.25 ten thousand yuan in the 25-year life cycle; the estimated cost of gray system is 1950 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (4)
1. The multi-dimensional benefit evaluation method for the life cycle of the sponge city green facility is characterized by comprising the following evaluation units:
(1) An economic benefit assessment, the economic benefit assessment comprising:
(1-1) calculation of runoff pollution amount reduction;
(1-2) an assessment of reduced water treatment costs;
(1-3) energy-saving benefit assessment;
(2) An environmental benefit assessment, the environmental benefit assessment comprising:
(2-1) air quality assessment;
(2-2) climate benefit assessment;
(3) Social benefit evaluation;
(4) Assessing life cycle benefits;
(5) Gray system and green system cost assessment, the gray system and green system cost assessment comprising:
(5-1) gray system cost;
(5-2) green system costs and incremental maintenance costs.
2. The method for evaluating the life cycle multidimensional benefits of the sponge city green facility according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1-1) calculation of the runoff pollution amount by adopting the following formula:
R GI ＝A pre ×GI i ×RE(％)×10 -3 (1)
wherein: r is R GI -total runoff reduction (m 3 )；
A pre -annual rainfall (mm);
GI i -green facility service area (m 2 ) The green facility is a green roof, a biological retention system and a water permeable pathFour kinds of surface and large green color storage;
RE (%) -percentage of rainwater retained (%) by green facilities;
the rainwater interception percentages of different green facilities are different, and the calculation can be performed respectively:
R GR ＝A pre ×GI GR ×RE(％)×10 -3 (2)
R BS ＝A pre ×GI BS ×RE(％)×10 -3 (3)
R PP ＝A pre ×GI PP ×RE(％)×10 -3 (4)
R GI ＝R GR +R BS +R PP (5)
wherein: r is R GR 、R BS 、R PP 、R GI Respectively, green roof, biological retention system, permeable pavement and green facility runoff reduction (m) 3 )；GI GR 、GI BS 、GI PP 、GI GI Respectively a green roof, a biological retention system, a permeable pavement and a green facility service area (m) 2 )。
(1-2) for the evaluation of reduced water treatment costs, the following formula was used:
B water ＝R GI ×F marginal (6)
wherein: b (B) water Annual economic benefits of water treatment (Yuan, RMB);
F marginal cost of handling rain water (Yuan, RMB);
(1-3) for energy saving benefit assessment, the following formula is adopted:
E GR-cooling ＝D cooling ×GI GR ×ΔU×24hrs/day (7)
E GR-heating ＝D heating ×GI GR ×ΔU×24hrs/day (8)
E water treatment ＝R GI ×C unit electricity consumption (9)
wherein:E GR-cooling 、E GR-heating -energy saving per year (KWh) in terms of refrigeration and heating for green roofs, respectively;
E water treatment -a reduction of the water treatment capacity results in energy conservation (KWh) of the sewage treatment plant;
D cooling 、D heating -refrigeration degree days (CDD), heating index (HDD) (. Degree. C. Days), respectively
DeltaU-difference in heat transfer coefficient between conventional roof and green roof (W/m) 2 ·K)
C unitelectricity consumption The energy consumption (KWh/m) required for the treatment of rainwater per cubic meter 3 )
Representing its value in currency:
B energy ＝(E GR-cooling +E water treatment )×P elec +E GR-heating ×P gas (10)
wherein: b (B) energy Annual economic benefits (Yuan, RMB) related to energy conservation;
P elec 、P gas -local market prices for electricity and natural gas (RMB/kWh, RMB/Btu);
(2-1) air quality assessment comprising:
(2-1-1) direct benefit assessment, using the following formula:
AQ GR ＝P GR-pollutant uptake ×GI GR (11)
AQ Bs ＝P BS-pollutant uptake ×GI BS (12)
wherein: AQ GR 、AQ BS -the amount of routine contaminants (kg) absorbed annually through green roofs and bioretention systems;
P GR-pollutant uptake 、P BS-pollutant uptake approximation of annual pollutant removal rate by green roof, bioretention system (kg/m) 2 )。
(2-1-2) indirect benefit assessment the total amount of pollutant emissions avoided due to reduced energy usage in electricity and natural gas was calculated using equations (13) (14).
AQ elec ＝(E GR-cooling +E water treatment )×E elec-emission factor (13)
AQ gas ＝E GR-heating ×E gas-emission factor (14)
Wherein: AQ elec 、AQ gas -reduced use of electric energy and natural gas, annual avoidance of air pollutant emissions (kg);
E elec-emission factor 、E gas-emission factor -electrical and natural gas production process seed air pollutant emissions.
(2-2) climate benefit assessment comprising:
(2-2-1) direct benefit assessment employs the following formula:
C GR ＝C GR-co2removal ×GI GR (16)
C BS ＝C BS-co2removal ×GI BS (17)
wherein: c (C) GR 、C BS -the amount of carbon dioxide (Kg) reduced annually by green roofs and bioretention systems;
C GR-co2removal 、C BS-co2removal removal rate of carbon dioxide (Kg/m) in green roof, bioretention system 2 )。
(2-2-2) indirect benefit assessment using the following formula:
C elec ＝(E GR-cooling +E water treatment )×R elec-co2 emission rate (18)
C gas ＝E GR-heating ×R gas-co2 emission rate (19)
wherein: c (C) elec 、C gas -reduced use of electric energy and natural gas, carbon dioxide emissions (kg) avoided each year;
R elec-co2emission rate 、R gas-co2emission rate carbon dioxide emissions per unit energy per year (kg/kWh) can be avoided due to the reduction of electricity and natural gas usage;
in the indirect benefit evaluation of (2-2-2), the reduced carbon emission reduction of building construction is calculated according to the building carbon emission calculation standard (GB/T51366-2019), and mainly comprises the carbon emission reduction of building material production, the carbon emission reduction of material transportation and the carbon emission reduction of energy consumption in building construction and demolition processes,
wherein, the carbon emission in the building material production stage is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: c (C) SC Carbon emission (kgCO) at the building material production stage 2 e)；
M i -the consumption of the i-th main building material;
F i carbon emission factor (kgCO) of the ith main building material 2 e/unit building material quantity), taking a value according to the data list;
the carbon emission in the building material transportation stage is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: c (C) ys Carbon emission (kgCO) at the building material production stage 2 e)；
M i -the consumption (t) of the i-th main building material;
D i -an i-th building material average transport distance (km);
T i -carbon emission factor per unit weight transport distance [ kgCO ] in transport mode of the ith building material 2 e/(t·km)]；
The carbon emissions of the building construction stage should be calculated as follows:
wherein: c (C) JZ Carbon emissions (kgCO) during the building construction and demolition phases 2 e)；
E jc，i -building constructionTotal energy consumption (kWh or kg) in the dismantling stage i;
EF i carbon emission factor (kgCO) of energy source of class i 2 e/kWh), taking a value according to the data list;
(3) The social benefit evaluation adopts the formula:
Public WTP ＝WTP public/person ×N Pop (23)
Private WTP ＝WTP％NP×PPV×NP (24)
B WTP ＝Public WTP +Private WTP (25)
wherein: public WTP 、Private WTP A fee paid for the green infrastructure on a annual public place and private home;
WTP public/person -a fee each person is willing to pay each year;
N Pop -population;
WTP% NP-private willingness to pay as a percentage of the attribute value;
average property value of PPV-city;
NP-monthly average property transactions;
B WTP -economic quantification of annual social benefits;
(4) The life cycle benefit evaluation adopts the formula:
B 1 ＝B water +B energy +B air +B climate (26)
B n ＝B 1 ×(1+i) n-1 (27)
PV netB ＝PV B -PV C (29) Wherein: b (B) 1 Overall benefit of green infrastructure;
B n -value of the nth currency;
i. r-currency expansion rate, currency discount rate;
PV B the value of the lifecycle benefit over n years;
PV C the value of the lifecycle cost over n years;
PV netB -a net revenue present value for an n-year lifecycle;
(5) Gray and Green System cost assessment, including
(5-1) gray system cost, the calculation formula is:
P grey ＝V grey ×P unit (30)
wherein: p (P) grey Gray system construction costs (meta);
V grey -a regulating reservoir volume (m 3 )；
P unit -building a price per cubic meter of regulation reservoir volume;
(5-2) the calculation formula of the green system cost and the incremental maintenance cost is as follows:
P green ＝A i，green ×P i，unit (31)
wherein: p (P) green -green system setup cost (meta);
A i，green service area (m) of various green infrastructures 2 )；
P i，unit Various green infrastructure construction prices per square meter.
The annual operation and maintenance incremental cost of the green system refers to the difference between the annual operation and maintenance cost of the green system and the operation and maintenance cost of the gray system, and the calculation formula is as follows:
P maintain ＝A i，green ×PM i，unit (32)
wherein: p (P) maintain -green system incremental maintenance cost (meta);
A i，green service area (m) of various green infrastructures 2 )；
PM i，unit Incremental maintenance costs (elements) per square meter for various green infrastructures.
3. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for spongy urban greywater lifecycle multidimensional benefit assessment according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
4. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor performs the steps of the method for life cycle multidimensional benefit assessment of a sponge-urban greywater installation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2.
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| CN117235410A (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-12-15 | 兰州交通大学 | Benefit evaluation system and method for full life cycle of combined LID facility |
| CN118471388A (en) * | 2024-07-10 | 2024-08-09 | 台州市环科环保设备运营维护有限公司 | Ship sewage treatment analysis system and method based on data identification |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117235410A (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-12-15 | 兰州交通大学 | Benefit evaluation system and method for full life cycle of combined LID facility |
| CN117235410B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-03-19 | 兰州交通大学 | Benefit evaluation system and method for full life cycle of combined LID facility |
| CN118471388A (en) * | 2024-07-10 | 2024-08-09 | 台州市环科环保设备运营维护有限公司 | Ship sewage treatment analysis system and method based on data identification |
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