CN116306365A - Fluid simulation method of rotary machine - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fluid simulation method of rotary machinery, which comprises the following steps: 1) Extracting and calculating a fluid domain from a three-dimensional model file of the rotary machine to be analyzed; 2) Selecting a solution type; 3) Processing the three-dimensional model file by using a grid generation module to generate a CFD calculation grid; 4) Determining a fluid working medium and all flow parameters thereof; 5) The method comprises the steps of carrying out initial configuration on a solver, and initializing the solver according to initial configuration information; 6) And according to the selected solving type, simulating the flow field value of the selected fluid working medium on the grid under the condition of setting the flow parameters by using the initialized solver to obtain the target distribution condition of the fluid. The invention greatly accelerates the convergence rate of CFD fluid simulation calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer software, and particularly relates to a fluid simulation method of rotary machinery.
Background
Computational fluid dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is an analysis of systems involving physical phenomena such as fluid flow and thermal conduction through computer numerical calculations and image display. Compared with experimental research, the numerical simulation has the unique advantages of low cost and short period, can obtain complete data, can simulate various measured data states in the actual motion process, and plays an important guiding role in the design, transformation and other commercial or laboratory applications, so that the computational fluid mechanics technology has more and more roles, and the development of commercial computational fluid mechanics software is promoted.
Rotary machines are widely used in the fields of aviation, electric power, machinery, chemical industry, etc., and impellers as core components of rotary machines operate at high rotational speeds and under heavy loads for a long period of time. The performance directly determines the performance and the working efficiency of the whole machine, so that a computational fluid dynamics CFD simulation method is necessary to simulate the actual operation of the impeller by using computer fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fluid simulation method of a rotary machine.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fluid simulation method of a rotary machine comprises the following steps:
1) Extracting and calculating a fluid domain from a three-dimensional model file of the rotary machine to be analyzed;
2) Selecting a solution type;
3) Processing the three-dimensional model file by using a grid generation module to generate a CFD calculation grid;
4) Determining a fluid working medium and all flow parameters thereof;
5) The method comprises the steps of carrying out initial configuration on a solver, and initializing the solver according to initial configuration information;
6) And according to the selected solving type, simulating the flow field value of the selected fluid working medium on the grid under the condition of setting the flow parameters by using the initialized solver to obtain the target distribution condition of the fluid.
Further, the initial configuration of the solver comprises boundary condition setting, initialization setting, option setting, solver option setting, convergence condition setting, multi-block setting and CFD starting setting;
the boundary condition setting is used for setting and calculating the calculation type and specific condition parameters of the inlet and outlet of the fluid domain according to the actual working condition of the impeller; the actual working condition setting comprises a radial distribution value of the total inlet pressure, a radial distribution value of the total inlet temperature, a radial distribution value of the inlet pre-rotation angle, a radial distribution value of the outlet static pressure and mass flow; and only two of the inlet total pressure, the outlet static pressure and the mass flow can be selected and designated as boundary conditions at will;
the initialization setting is used for estimating an initial value of iterative computation in the whole CFD numerical simulation process according to a set boundary condition;
the option setting is used for setting an inlet boundary condition model and an outlet boundary condition model of the computational fluid domain;
the solver option setting is used for setting turbulence models, wall surface processing modes, time pushing formats and decomposition matrix free parameters;
the convergence condition setting is used for setting a calculation termination condition of the solver;
the multi-block setting is used for selecting compressible and incompressible, space discrete format, merkle preprocessing, global residual error fairing processing, solving precision and storing intermediate results;
the CFD is used for setting operation parameters.
Further, the method for initializing the solver according to the initial configuration information comprises the following steps: firstly, initializing a CPU parallel environment and partitioning the CPU parallel environment; then generating and initializing grids, and setting initializing boundary conditions according to the boundary conditions; then setting a turbulent inlet boundary, and initializing the initial value or reading the existing solution as the initial value; then calculating mass flow at the boundary, and updating boundary values in the grid by using the boundary conditions and the selected boundary condition model; then initializing a frozen rotor method or a circumferential average method for data interaction of the dynamic and static grid interfaces; then set the current value to the virtual grid.
Further, in step 6), the flow field values are simulated by iterative loop steps 61) to 65): 61 Updating the interface of the grid; 62 Step 621) to 628) carrying out inner iteration loop correction on the initial value to enable the initial value to continuously approach a convergence result; 63 Updating the physical time of the current time step; 64 Processing and displaying the convergence curve in real time; 65 If the maximum iteration number is reached or the iteration converges or an instruction for ending immediately is received, ending the iteration loop; wherein the inner iterative loop comprises the steps of: 621 Starting the inner iteration, checking whether the user issues an immediate end command, stopping the iteration if the end command is issued, otherwise proceeding to step 622); 622 Checking whether the value of the enthalpy and entropy obtained by current calculation is in the value range of the fast table, if not, updating the fast table, and if so, performing step 623); 623 Updating and exchanging mesh interface data; 624 Calculating flow field values on each grid to obtain corrected flow field values, and calculating residual errors by using the flow field values before and after correction; 625 Carrying out fairing treatment on the obtained residual error, and then calculating turbulence and Y+ according to the selected turbulence model; wherein y+ = (Vt x Y)/mu, Y is the thickness of the first layer mesh of the wall, vt is the shear rate, mu is the kinematic viscosity; 626 Adjusting the kurrow number according to the result obtained in step 625); 627 Adjusting the pressure intensity according to the adjusted Brownian number to enable the pressure intensity to meet the normalization condition, and correcting the initial value according to the adjusted pressure intensity; 628 If the maximum number of iterations or the iteration convergence condition is reached, the inner iteration is ended.
Further, a plurality of calculation working conditions are selected to run at one time by adjusting the rotating speed working point and the boundary type working point; CPU parallel setting can be performed when CFD is started, and three CPU parallel modes are available: pure MPI mode, pure OpenMP mode, MPI and OpenMP mixed mode.
Furthermore, the initial configuration of the solver further comprises multiple grid method setting, when multiple grid methods are selected, interpolation reconstruction is carried out among coarse and fine grids of different levels in CFD calculation, and iteration is circulated, so that the calculation result is faster to be close to a convergence condition, the internal iteration and time iteration times are reduced, and the CFD calculation is accelerated.
Further, the initial configuration of the solver further comprises multi-working condition setting, wherein the multi-working condition setting is used for operating a plurality of computing working conditions at one time by adjusting the rotating speed working condition point and the boundary type working condition point; the solution types include a cross-blade mode, a through-flow mode and a full three-dimensional mode; when the through-flow mode is selected, when the solver is initialized, relevant through-flow parameters are required to be configured, and the blade angle of the through-flow area is calculated.
Further, the target distribution condition of the fluid is a static pressure distribution, a velocity distribution, a temperature distribution or a density distribution of the fluid.
A server comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program configured to be executed by the processor, the computer program comprising instructions for performing the steps of the above method.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor realizes the steps of the above method.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a fluid simulation method of rotary machinery, wherein a cylindrical coordinate system is adopted in the fluid simulation method, and a freezing rotor method and a circumferential average method are supported by processing of an interaction surface of a rotor and a stator; a loss model function is integrated in the through-flow solver; the method adopts implicit Gauss-Seidel iteration or explicit double-time step method (inner and outer double-layer iteration), multiple grid method, residual smoothing treatment and the like, and greatly accelerates the convergence rate of CFD fluid simulation calculation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the initialization flow of the solver configuration in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a CFD solution calculation in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an inner iteration loop in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a static pressure distribution of a fluid.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a fluid simulation method of a rotary machine, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a three-dimensional model file of a rotary machine to be analyzed, and extracting and calculating a fluid domain;
s2, selecting a solving type, and selecting a cross-blade mode, a through-flow mode or a full three-dimensional mode; the cross-vane mode and through-flow mode are used for early design of the rotary machine, while full three dimensions can be used for any desired stage;
s3, processing the three-dimensional model file by using a grid generation module to generate a CFD calculation grid;
s4, determining fluid working media and all flow parameters of the fluid working media;
s5, carrying out initial configuration on a solver; the solver is a CFD solver;
s6, initializing the configuration of the solver according to the initial configuration of the solver;
s7, CFD solving and calculating; according to the selected solving type, simulating a flow field value of the selected fluid working medium on the grid under the condition of setting flow parameters by using a solver to obtain a target distribution condition of the fluid, such as static pressure distribution, speed distribution, temperature distribution or density distribution of the fluid;
s8, carrying out post-processing on the solving result to draw a data chart;
s9, saving a solution calculation result or an export result.
Initial configuration of the solver includes boundary condition settings, initialization settings, option settings, solver option settings, convergence condition settings, multi-block settings, CFD startup settings, and the like.
Boundary condition setting: the method is used for setting and calculating the calculation type and specific condition parameters of the inlet and outlet of the fluid domain according to the actual working condition of the impeller. The actual working conditions required to be set by the user include: the distribution value of the inlet total pressure along the radial direction, the distribution value of the inlet total temperature along the radial direction, the distribution value of the inlet pre-rotation angle along the radial direction, the distribution value of the outlet static pressure along the radial direction and the mass flow. And the user can only select and designate two of the inlet total pressure, the outlet static pressure and the mass flow as boundary conditions at will.
Initializing the setting: the initial values of iterative calculation (i.e. initial values of static pressure, density and speed of each grid point; initial values of inlet and outlet positions are directly specified by boundary conditions) in the whole CFD numerical simulation process are estimated according to the set boundary conditions. The static pressure value and the density value are linearly changed from an inlet to an outlet, the speed direction is completely along the geometric flow direction, the relative speed is reduced in friction of the static blade section, and the acting of the dynamic blade section is increased.
Option setting: the boundary condition model of the inlet and the outlet of the computational fluid domain can be further set in detail, a data transmission mode is selected for the dynamic and static interaction surfaces, and whether reflection exists on the inlet, the outlet and the dynamic and static interaction surfaces is set.
Solver option settings: the method is used for selecting turbulence models, wall surface processing modes, time advancing formats and decomposition matrix free parameters adopted by analysis and calculation.
Setting convergence conditions: setting a critical value of root mean square residual error or mass flow residual error, and ending iteration when the residual error value in the iteration process reaches the set value.
And (3) setting a plurality of blocks: the method is used for selecting compressible and incompressible, spatially discrete format, merkle preprocessing, global residual error fairing processing, solving precision and saving intermediate results. Among the spatial discrete formats that may be selected are: center differential, third order windward (AUSM) format, first order windward (AUSM) format.
CFD initiation settings: for setting operating parameters: whether to draw a residual curve during steady or unsteady and solving.
As shown in fig. 2, solver configuration initialization includes the following steps;
s6.1, initializing a CPU parallel environment;
s6.2, CPU parallel partitioning;
s6.3, generating and initializing a grid;
s6.4, initializing boundary conditions;
s6.5, setting a turbulent inlet boundary;
s6.6, initializing an initial value or reading an existing solution (namely, if calculation is performed before, calculation can be continued according to the previous calculation result) as the initial value;
s6.7, calculating mass flow at the boundary;
s6.8, updating boundary values in the grid by using the boundary conditions and the selected boundary condition model;
s6.9, initializing a frozen rotor method or a circumferential average method, which is used for data interaction of the dynamic and static grid interfaces;
s6.10, setting the setting flow value to the virtual grid. The virtual grid is a processing method for a boundary condition, wherein the CFD calculation grid extends two layers of grids outside the boundary.
As shown in fig. 3, the CFD solution calculation includes the steps of:
s7.1, starting a time iteration loop;
s7.2, updating interfaces of the grids;
s7.3, performing inner iteration loop correction on the initial value to enable the initial value to continuously approach a convergence result;
s7.4, updating the physical time of the current time step;
s7.5, processing and displaying the convergence curve (several expression forms) in real time;
s7.6, if the maximum iteration times are reached or the iteration converges or an instruction for immediately ending is received, ending the time iteration loop;
s7.7 ends CFD solution calculation.
As shown in fig. 4, the inner iteration loop comprises the steps of:
s7.3.1 start inner iteration;
s7.3.2 it is checked whether the user issues an immediate end command;
s7.3.3 checking whether the value of the enthalpy and entropy obtained by current calculation is in the value range of the fast table, and if so, S7.3.4; if the check is not passed, updating the fast table; the fast table uses enthalpy, entropy to calculate pressure, temperature, density, etc., and includes the minimum value, maximum value, number of sampling points, and pressure, temperature, density, etc. of all sampling positions. Updating the flash table includes: updating the value range of the table, and calculating the pressure, temperature, density and the like of the new sampling position by using the fluid working medium library.
S7.3.4 updating and exchanging mesh interface data using the method set in "S6.9";
s7.3.5 carrying out iterative computation on the flow field value to obtain a corrected flow field value, and calculating residual errors by using the flow field values before and after correction;
s7.3.6 residual light smoothening treatment;
s7.3.7 calculate turbulence and y+ from the selected turbulence model; wherein Y+ is calculated by the formula: y+ = (Vt x Y)/mu, where Y is the thickness of the first layer mesh of the wall, vt is the shear rate, mu is the kinematic viscosity;
s7.3.8 automatically adjusts the CFL (kura number) value using a CFL number adaptive update algorithm;
s7.3.9 adjusting the pressure according to the adjusted Brownian number to enable the pressure to meet the normalization condition and storing output data;
s7.3.10 if the maximum number of iterations is reached or the iteration converges (residual or mass flow) or an instruction to end immediately is received, the inner iteration is ended.
Furthermore, when the solver is initially configured, a multiple grid method can be selected, when a plurality of grid methods are selected, interpolation reconstruction is carried out among coarse and fine grids of different levels in CFD calculation, and iteration is circulated, so that the calculation result is faster and approaches to a convergence condition, the internal iteration and time iteration times are reduced, and the CFD calculation is accelerated. Alternative circulation strategies are V-type circulation, W-type circulation, FMV-type.
Further, when the solver is initially configured, multiple working condition settings can be further performed: a plurality of calculation working conditions can be operated at one time by adjusting the rotating speed working condition point and the boundary type working condition point. Different boundary conditions are configured according to different working conditions to calculate mechanical properties under the condition of non-design working conditions (different pressures, temperatures, flow rates, rotating speeds and the like).
Furthermore, CPU parallel setting can be performed when CFD is started, and three CPU parallel modes are provided: pure MPI mode, pure OpenMP mode, MPI and OpenMP mixed mode.
Further, when determining the fluid working medium and all flow parameters thereof, S4 can use a self-built fluid reservoir or load an external fluid reservoir to select the required working medium; the fluid medium library contains a variety of real medium property parameters including, but not limited to, common fluid media such as refrigerants, alkanes, fuels, common gases, water, etc.
Further, when the through-flow mode is selected in S2, the solver needs to configure the parameters related to the through-flow and needs to calculate the blade angle of the through-flow region in the initialization of the configuration in S6.
Taking the simulation of the static pressure distribution of the fluid as an example, the results are shown in fig. 5.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be implemented with the help of a variety of examples: various alternatives, variations and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will have the scope indicated by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fluid simulation method of a rotary machine comprises the following steps:
1) Extracting and calculating a fluid domain from a three-dimensional model file of the rotary machine to be analyzed;
2) Selecting a solution type;
3) Processing the three-dimensional model file by using a grid generation module to generate a CFD calculation grid;
4) Determining a fluid working medium and all flow parameters thereof;
5) The method comprises the steps of carrying out initial configuration on a solver, and initializing the solver according to initial configuration information;
6) And according to the selected solving type, simulating the flow field value of the selected fluid working medium on the grid under the condition of setting the flow parameters by using the initialized solver to obtain the target distribution condition of the fluid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein initially configuring the solver comprises boundary condition settings, initialization settings, option settings, solver option settings, convergence condition settings, multi-block settings, CFD startup settings;
the boundary condition setting is used for setting and calculating the calculation type and specific condition parameters of the inlet and outlet of the fluid domain according to the actual working condition of the impeller; the actual working condition setting comprises a radial distribution value of the total inlet pressure, a radial distribution value of the total inlet temperature, a radial distribution value of the inlet pre-rotation angle, a radial distribution value of the outlet static pressure and mass flow; and only two of the inlet total pressure, the outlet static pressure and the mass flow can be selected and designated as boundary conditions at will;
the initialization setting is used for estimating an initial value of iterative computation in the whole CFD numerical simulation process according to a set boundary condition;
the option setting is used for setting an inlet boundary condition model and an outlet boundary condition model of the computational fluid domain;
the solver option setting is used for setting turbulence models, wall surface processing modes, time pushing formats and decomposition matrix free parameters;
the convergence condition setting is used for setting a calculation termination condition of the solver;
the multi-block setting is used for selecting compressible and incompressible, space discrete format, merkle preprocessing, global residual error fairing processing, solving precision and storing intermediate results;
the CFD is used for setting operation parameters.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein initializing the solver based on the initial configuration information comprises: firstly, initializing a CPU parallel environment and partitioning the CPU parallel environment; then generating and initializing grids, and setting initializing boundary conditions according to the boundary conditions; then setting a turbulent inlet boundary, and initializing the initial value or reading the existing solution as the initial value; then calculating mass flow at the boundary, and updating boundary values in the grid by using the boundary conditions and the selected boundary condition model; then initializing a frozen rotor method or a circumferential average method for data interaction of the dynamic and static grid interfaces; then set the current value to the virtual grid.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein in step 6), flow field values are simulated by iteratively looping steps 61) to 65): 61 Updating the interface of the grid; 62 Step 621) to 628) carrying out inner iteration loop correction on the initial value to enable the initial value to continuously approach a convergence result; 63 Updating the physical time of the current time step; 64 Processing and displaying the convergence curve in real time; 65 If the maximum iteration number is reached or the iteration converges or an instruction for ending immediately is received, ending the iteration loop; wherein the inner iterative loop comprises the steps of: 621 Starting the inner iteration, checking whether the user issues an immediate end command, stopping the iteration if the end command is issued, otherwise proceeding to step 622); 622 Checking whether the value of the enthalpy and entropy obtained by current calculation is in the value range of the fast table, if not, updating the fast table, and if so, performing step 623); 623 Updating and exchanging mesh interface data; 624 Calculating flow field values on each grid to obtain corrected flow field values, and calculating residual errors by using the flow field values before and after correction; 625 Carrying out fairing treatment on the obtained residual error, and then calculating turbulence and Y+ according to the selected turbulence model; wherein y+ = (Vt x Y)/mu, Y is the thickness of the first layer mesh of the wall, vt is the shear rate, mu is the kinematic viscosity; 626 Adjusting the kurrow number according to the result obtained in step 625); 627 Adjusting the pressure intensity according to the adjusted Brownian number to enable the pressure intensity to meet the normalization condition, and correcting the initial value according to the adjusted pressure intensity; 628 If the maximum number of iterations or the iteration convergence condition is reached, the inner iteration is ended.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of computing conditions are selected to operate at one time by adjusting a rotational speed operating point and a boundary type operating point; CPU parallel setting can be performed when CFD is started, and three CPU parallel modes are available: pure MPI mode, pure OpenMP mode, MPI and OpenMP mixed mode.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein initially configuring the solver further comprises multiple grid method settings, wherein interpolation reconstruction is performed between different levels of coarse and fine grids in the CFD calculation when multiple grid methods are selected, and iteration is cycled, such that the calculation result approaches the convergence condition more quickly, reducing the number of inner iterations and time iterations, and further accelerating the CFD calculation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein initially configuring the solver further comprises a multi-condition setting for operating a plurality of computing conditions at one time by adjusting the rotational speed operating point and the boundary type operating point; the solution types include a cross-blade mode, a through-flow mode and a full three-dimensional mode; when the through-flow mode is selected, when the solver is initialized, relevant through-flow parameters are required to be configured, and the blade angle of the through-flow area is calculated.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the target profile of the fluid is a static pressure profile, a velocity profile, a temperature profile, or a density profile of the fluid.
9. A server comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program configured to be executed by the processor, the computer program comprising instructions for performing the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117669429A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 陕西空天信息技术有限公司 | Fluid simulation method and device for rotary machine and computer storage medium |
| CN118052171A (en) * | 2024-04-16 | 2024-05-17 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Adaptive CFL number adjustment method, apparatus and storage medium for accompanying equations |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117669429A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 陕西空天信息技术有限公司 | Fluid simulation method and device for rotary machine and computer storage medium |
| CN117669429B (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-05-10 | 陕西空天信息技术有限公司 | Fluid simulation method and device for rotary machine and computer storage medium |
| CN118052171A (en) * | 2024-04-16 | 2024-05-17 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Adaptive CFL number adjustment method, apparatus and storage medium for accompanying equations |
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