CN116297359A - Method for rapidly detecting bacterial concentration - Google Patents

Method for rapidly detecting bacterial concentration Download PDF

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CN116297359A
CN116297359A CN202310090823.7A CN202310090823A CN116297359A CN 116297359 A CN116297359 A CN 116297359A CN 202310090823 A CN202310090823 A CN 202310090823A CN 116297359 A CN116297359 A CN 116297359A
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bacteria
car
concentration
fluorescent probe
bacterial
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唐本忠
何柳
龚晚君
王志明
刘勇
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Institute Of Cluster Induced Luminescence South China University Of Technology Dawan District Guangdong Province
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting the concentration of bacteria; mixing a Car-py fluorescent probe with a solution to be tested containing bacteria, and standing to obtain a mixed solution; detecting the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution under ultraviolet light to obtain the concentration of bacteria; the structure of the Car-py fluorescent probe is as follows:
Figure DDA0004070292470000011
the invention has sensitive fluorescence response to bacteria based on the aggregation-induced emission characteristic caused by the combination of the AIE fluorescent probe (Car-py) and various bacteria, has high aggregation emission efficiency, good light stability, and the fluorescence intensity is in direct proportion to the bacterial quantity, and the detection process has simple operation, does not need to carry out a bacterial culture stage, has short time consumption, has strong inclusion of the detection sample form, can realize rapid and accurate detection of the bacterial concentration, and has high practicability.

Description

Method for rapidly detecting bacterial concentration
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganism detection, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly detecting bacterial concentration.
Background
Bacteria are present in every corner of our lives, are widely distributed in soil, water and plants, and also carry considerable bacteria on the human body. Bacteria are both useful and dangerous to the environment, humans and animals, and some become pathogens, resulting in tetanus, typhoid fever, pneumonia, syphilis, cholera and tuberculosis. In plants, bacteria cause leaf spot, fire blight, wilting and the like Therefore, the application range of the bacterial detection is relatively wide, and the bacterial detection has been covered in various aspects of clinical infectious disease diagnosis, drug development, cosmetic industry, agricultural food detection, environmental protection and the like, and a plurality of national standards are provided for relevant regulations on the bacterial detection in the aspect of food safety. However, the individual bacteria are very small, the smallest bacteria currently known are only 0.2 microns long and are of a large variety, so that there are certain difficulties in detecting bacteria. The currently predominant detection method includes plate culture colony counting (Townsend D E, ali N.Comparison of SimPlate Total Plate Count test with plate count agar method for detection and quantitation of bacteria in food. [ J)].Journal of Aoac International,1998(3):563-569 ) Molecular biology related methods (e.g., PCR) (Schmalz, g., tsigaras, s., rinke, s., kottmann, t., haak, r.,&ziebolz, D. (2016) Detection of five potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria in peri-displacement treatment A comparison of PCR and real-time PCR.diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease,85 (3), 289-294) and immunological related methods (e.g. ELISA) (Ferguson, C.M.J., booth, N.A.,&allan, E.J. (2000). An ELISA for the detection of Bacillus subtilis L-form bacteria confirms their symbiosis in strawberry. Letters in Applied Microbiology,31 (5), 390-394) all suffer from disadvantages such as longer detection times (typically around 5-7 days) and more handling steps. The molecular biology related method and the immunological related method require professional equipment and operators, have high cost and are easy to cause false positive in detection results. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive identification method for bacteria detectionAnd (5) measuring.
The fluorescence detection method has the advantages of being rapid, simple, sensitive, capable of monitoring in real time and the like, and is developed and applied to detection of bacteria. However, the conventional fluorescent probe has a rigid planar structure, generally has a strong fluorescent background, is unfavorable for visual detection of bacteria, has poor light stability, cannot monitor bacteria for a long time, can also generate aggregation-induced quenching effect when the concentration is large, and greatly reduces the detection sensitivity. Unlike conventional fluorescent molecules, fluorescent molecules with aggregation-induced emission (aggregation induced emission, AIE) characteristics generally do not emit light or emit weak light in a solution due to their multi-rotor structure, but emit strong fluorescence when their intramolecular movement is limited by the surrounding environment, so that when AIE molecules aggregate on the surface of bacteria or enter into bacteria in large amounts, they emit strong fluorescence due to aggregation when their intramolecular movement is limited, and have the advantages of low fluorescent background, good light stability, and the like, and can realize rapid and visual detection of bacteria.
The invention comprises the following steps:
in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for rapidly and visually detecting the concentration of bacteria by using an AIE fluorescent probe; the probe detects gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria through fluorescence enhancement, has sensitive fluorescence response to bacteria, has high aggregation state luminous efficiency and high light stability, and has fluorescence intensity in direct proportion to the bacterial amount, thereby being a method capable of realizing rapid and macroscopic detection of bacteria.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
A method for rapidly detecting the concentration of bacteria comprises the steps of mixing a Car-py fluorescent probe with a solution to be detected containing bacteria, and standing to obtain a mixed solution; detecting the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution under ultraviolet light to obtain the concentration of bacteria;
the structure of the Car-py fluorescent probe is as follows:
Figure BDA0004070292450000031
preferably, the bacterium is one of a gram positive bacterium and a negative bacterium.
Further preferably, the gram positive bacterium is staphylococcus aureus; the gram negative bacteria are escherichia coli or pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Preferably, the fluorescence intensity is detected by a microplate reader.
In a sterile solution, the maximum emission wavelength of the probe is 600-620nm, while when bacteria are present, the maximum emission wavelength of the probe is blue shifted, around 550-580 nm.
Further preferably, the emission wavelength range of the enzyme-labeled instrument is 450-700nm.
Preferably, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 390-410nm.
Preferably, the concentration of the bacteria is calculated from a standard curve; when the bacterium is staphylococcus aureus, the standard curve equation is y=43594x+8276, and when the bacterium is escherichia coli, the standard curve equation is y=41758 x-23026, wherein x is the OD value of the bacterium, and y is the fluorescence intensity value at the maximum emission wavelength measured by the microplate reader.
Preferably, the concentration of bacteria in the bacteria-containing test solution is od=0.5-1.5.
Preferably, the concentration of the Car-py fluorescent probe in the mixed solution is 5-10. Mu.M.
Preferably, the time of rest is at least 10 minutes.
The embodiment of the invention carries out the test of the concentration of the bacteria by using the most common three bacteria, namely, escherichia coli (G-bacteria), pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-) bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (G+ bacteria) as representatives. To meet visual identification requirements, 10. Mu.M was used as the test concentration of Car-py in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS).
(1) Car-py has weak red fluorescence in PBS, meeting the basic requirements for visual identification of bacteria. Under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamp, the fluorescence of Car-py in PBS solution is very weak red fluorescence, and when three bacteria are added respectively, obvious yellow-green fluorescence appears. The dye effect is further verified by an enzyme-labeled instrument, and from the fluorescence spectrum, the maximum emission wavelength of the Car-py in PBS is about 600-620nm, and under the condition of adding bacteria, the maximum emission wavelength of the Car-py probe is blue-shifted to be in the range of 550-580nm, and compared with the fluorescence intensity in PBS buffer solution, the three bacterial solutions are obviously enhanced, and further the fact that the Car-py fluorescent probe can detect the fluorescence intensity by the enzyme-labeled instrument is further proved.
(2) Detection of bacteria at the cellular level is achieved by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy. As clearly seen under a microscope, escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have lower staining efficiency, while Staphylococcus aureus has higher staining efficiency (the result is matched with the fluorescence intensity detected by an enzyme-labeled instrument), which shows that the Car-py has different binding affinities for three bacteria, and the affinity for Staphylococcus aureus is larger than that of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cell membrane of the G+ bacteria is only covered by a layer of loose and porous cell wall, so that the fluorescent probe easily enters the bacteria and gathers in the bacteria to emit strong fluorescence, the cell wall of the G-bacteria has an additional outer membrane to play a barrier function, the fluorescent probe hardly enters the inside of the bacteria and gathers on the surface of the bacteria, and the imaging effect shows that the G-bacteria only emits light on the surface layer of the bacteria, and the whole inside of the G+ bacteria emits strong fluorescence.
(3) Next, the minimum detection of bacteria was studied, and a standard curve and a minimum detection limit of the Car-py fluorescent probe for detection of various bacteria were determined by linear fitting of the fluorescence intensity and the amount of bacteria, and the probe was able to detect gram-positive bacteria at a lower concentration and had a better linear relationship, whereas for gram-negative bacteria, car-py was also able to detect, because of the lower staining efficiency of Car-py for gram-negative bacteria, a better linear relationship was only found in a high concentration range of bacteria.
(4) The test of the aggregation-induced emission properties of Car-py was performed by performing the fluorescence spectrum test in two different solvents, the maximum emission wavelength of the Car-py fluorescent probe in DMSO good solvent was around 620nm, and in H 2 In the poor O solvent, the maximum emission spectrum of the Car-py fluorescent probe is blue shifted to about 580nmThe results are the same as the fluorescence spectra of the Car-py fluorescent probe before and after binding to bacteria, further demonstrating that the basic principle of detection of bacterial probes by the Car-py fluorescent probe is to emit intense fluorescence by aggregation on or within the surface of the bacteria.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention has sensitive fluorescence response to bacteria based on the aggregation-induced emission characteristic caused by the combination of the AIE fluorescent probe (Car-py) and various bacteria, has high aggregation emission efficiency, good light stability, and the fluorescence intensity is in direct proportion to the bacterial quantity, and the detection process has simple operation, does not need to carry out a bacterial culture stage, has short time consumption, has strong inclusion of the detection sample form, can realize rapid and accurate detection of the bacterial concentration, and has high practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a comparison of a Car-py fluorescent probe in PBS and various bacterial suspensions under UV lamp irradiation.
FIG. 2 is a graph of fluorescence intensity of a Car-py fluorescent probe after binding to different bacteria.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of an image of a Car-py fluorescent probe bound to different bacteria under a confocal microscope.
FIGS. 4 a-4 d are graphs showing the linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the OD of the Car-py fluorescent probe in different bacteria.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the fluorescence emission spectra of the Car-py fluorescent probe in different solvents.
FIG. 6 is a graph of fluorescence intensity of BMTAP fluorescent probes after binding to different bacteria.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of an image of BMTAP fluorescent probe after binding to different bacteria.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the scope and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1:
step (1): e.coli (E.coli) cultured overnight was set to OD with PBS buffer 600 Bacterial suspension=1;
step (2): 1mL of the bacterial suspension in the step (1) is added with 1uL of Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe, and the mixture is uniformly shaken to prepare a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is kept stand for 10 minutes;
step (3): 200 mu L of the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) is added into a disposable sterile 96-well plate, and the fluorescence intensity is detected by an enzyme-labeled instrument. Setting excitation wavelength 400nm and emission range 450-700nm;
step (4): 2 mu L of the mixture obtained in the step (2) is dripped on a glass slide, covered with a cover glass, imaged under a confocal microscope, excited to a wavelength of 405nm and emitted to a range of 450-600nm;
step (5): 200 mu L OD 600 Coli=1 was added to a disposable sterile 96-well plate, subjected to isoparaffinity with PBS, and the OD after dilution was measured with an enzyme-labeled instrument 600 Values. Adding a Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe to make the final concentration at 10 mu M, standing for 10min, measuring the fluorescence intensity by using an enzyme-labeled instrument, setting the excitation wavelength at 400nm and the emission range at 450-700nm.
Example 2:
step (1): the overnight cultured staphylococcus aureus (S.a) was set to OD with PBS buffer 600 Bacterial suspension=1;
step (2): 1mL of the bacterial suspension in the step (1) is added with 1uL of Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe, and the mixture is uniformly shaken to prepare a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is kept stand for 10 minutes;
step (3): 200 mu L of the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) is added into a disposable sterile 96-well plate, and the fluorescence intensity is detected by an enzyme-labeled instrument. Setting excitation wavelength 400nm and emission range 450-700nm;
step (4): 2 mu L of the mixture obtained in the step (2) is dripped on a glass slide, covered with a cover glass, imaged under a confocal microscope, excited to a wavelength of 405nm and emitted to a range of 450-600nm;
step (5): 200 mu L OD 600 Staphylococcus aureus=1 was added to a disposable sterile 96-well plate, diluted with PBS at equal ratio, and the OD after dilution was measured with an enzyme-labeled instrument 600 Values. The final concentration was 10. Mu.M by adding a Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe, standing for 10min, measuring the fluorescence intensity with an ELISA reader, setting an excitation wavelength of 405nm, and an emission range of 450-600nm.
Example 3:
step (1): pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) cultured overnight was set to OD with PBS buffer 600 Bacterial suspension=1;
step (2): 1mL of the bacterial suspension in the step (1) is added with 1uL of Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe, and the mixture is uniformly shaken to prepare a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is kept stand for 10 minutes;
step (3): 200 mu L of the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) is added into a disposable sterile 96-well plate, and the fluorescence intensity is detected by an enzyme-labeled instrument. Setting excitation wavelength 400nm and emission range 450-700nm;
step (4): 2 mu L of the mixture obtained in the step (2) is dripped on a glass slide, covered with a cover glass, imaged under a confocal microscope, excited to a wavelength of 405nm and emitted to a range of 450-600nm;
step (5): 200 mu L OD 600 Pseudomonas aeruginosa=1 was added to a disposable sterile 96-well plate, subjected to isopycnic dilution with PBS, and the diluted OD was measured with an enzyme-labeled instrument 600 Values. The final concentration was 10. Mu.M by adding a Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe, standing for 10min, measuring the fluorescence intensity with an ELISA reader, setting an excitation wavelength of 405nm, and an emission range of 450-600nm.
Example 4:
step (1): 2uL of Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe was added to 2mL of DMSO solution, and the fluorescence intensity was measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the excitation wavelength was set at 400nm and the emission range was 480-770nm.
Step (2): 2uL of Car-py (10 mM) fluorescent probe was added to 2mL of H 2 In the O solution, the fluorescence intensity is measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer, the excitation wavelength is set to 400nm, and the emission range is 480-770nm. Comparative example 1:
step (1): the cultured E.coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.a) were placed in PBS buffer to OD 600 Bacterial suspension=1;
step (2): 1mL of the bacterial suspension in step (1) was added to 1uL of BMTAP (10 mM)
Figure BDA0004070292450000081
Shaking the fluorescent probe to obtain a mixed solution, and standing10 minutes;
step (3): 200 mu L of the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) is added into a disposable sterile 96-well plate, and the fluorescence intensity is detected by an enzyme-labeled instrument. Setting excitation wavelength 400nm and emission range 450-700nm;
step (4): and (3) dripping 2 mu L of the mixture obtained in the step (2) on a glass slide, covering the glass slide, imaging under a confocal microscope, and exciting the glass slide with an excitation wavelength of 405nm and an emission range of 450-600nm.
Data analysis:
(1) As can be seen from FIG. 1, when the bacteria are detected by naked eyes under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, the bacteria can be detected by comparing the bacteria with PBS buffer solution, and obvious fluorescence can be seen in two different types of pathogens. It can also be seen from the fluorescence profile of FIG. 2 that the fluorescence intensity of the three bacterial solutions was significantly enhanced at 550nm compared to PBS buffer after addition of Car-py.
(2) FIG. 3 shows three bacteria observed under confocal microscopy, which can be seen to fluoresce strongly, allowing detection of bacteria at the cellular level, and with good photostability.
(3) FIGS. 4 a-4 d show that the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent probe and the OD value of the bacteria have good linear relation under different bacteria contents, and the detection limit of the bacteria is lower.
(4) FIG. 5 shows the fluorescence intensity of the Car-py fluorescent probe in different solvents, the maximum emission wavelength of Car-py in DMSO good solvent being around 620nm, and in H 2 In the poor O solvent, the maximum emission wavelength is blue shifted, and at about 580nm, the color and intensity of the emitted light can be changed only when the Car-py fluorescent probe is aggregated with the surface of the bacteria or enters the bacteria, corresponding to the fluorescence spectrum of FIG. 2.
(5) FIG. 6 is a graph showing fluorescence intensity of the BMTAP fluorescent probe of comparative example 1 after binding to various bacteria. FIG. 7 is a photograph of an image of BMTAP fluorescent probe bound to various bacteria under a confocal microscope according to comparative example 1. After BMTAP was added to the bacterial solution, the bacteria were not changed under both the microplate reader and the microscope, and the same AIE molecules, and BMTAP could not be used to detect the concentration of bacteria compared to Car-py.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for rapidly detecting the concentration of bacteria is characterized in that a Car-py fluorescent probe is mixed with a solution to be detected containing bacteria, and the mixture is stood to obtain a mixed solution; detecting the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution under ultraviolet light to obtain the concentration of bacteria;
the structure of the Car-py fluorescent probe is as follows:
Figure FDA0004070292440000011
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the bacteria is one of a gram positive and a gram negative bacteria.
3. The method for rapid detection of bacterial concentration according to claim 2, wherein the gram-positive bacteria is staphylococcus aureus; the gram negative bacteria are escherichia coli or pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4. The method for rapidly detecting a bacterial concentration according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescence intensity is detected by an enzyme-labeled instrument.
5. The method for rapidly detecting bacterial concentrations according to claim 4, wherein the emission wavelength of the microplate reader is in the range of 450-700nm.
6. The method for rapid detection of bacterial concentration according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 390-410nm.
7. The method for rapid detection of bacterial concentration according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the bacteria is calculated according to a standard curve; when the bacterium is staphylococcus aureus, the standard curve equation is y=43594x+8276, and when the bacterium is escherichia coli, the standard curve equation is y=41758 x-23026, wherein x is the OD value of the bacterium, and y is the fluorescence intensity value at the maximum emission wavelength measured by the microplate reader.
8. The method for rapid detection of bacterial concentration according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of bacteria in the bacteria-containing test solution is od=0.5 to 1.5.
9. The method for rapidly detecting a bacterial concentration according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the Car-py fluorescent probe in the mixed solution is 5 to 10 μm.
10. The method for rapid detection of bacterial concentration according to claim 1, wherein the time of rest is at least 10 minutes.
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CN110632044A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-31 东莞市厚街医院 Method for detecting bacterial drug resistance based on AIE fluorescent probe
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