CN116287995A - 一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,该钢的化学成分按质量百分含量计为C:0.93~1.05%,Si:0.15~0.35%,Mn:0.25~0.45%,P:≤0.025%,S:≤0.015%,Cr:1.35~1.60%,Ni:≤0.25%,Cu:≤0.20%,Mo:≤0.10%,Al:≤0.050%,Ti:≤0.030%,余量为Fe及杂质元素;通过优化钢材化学成分中的关键元素、改进连铸工序的生产工艺,同时优化轧制工艺,使得最终轧材的偏析框占比不大于30%,同时宽高比不大于1.1,以获得了一种中心偏析程度轻的圆钢棒材,该圆钢棒材具有热处理的各项同性,完全满足了精密轴承用钢的加工使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特种钢冶炼及轧制技术领域,具体涉及一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法。
背景技术
轴承钢作为重大装备制造和国家重点工程建设所需的关键材料,被广泛用于飞机、汽车、铁道车辆等运输工具和工程机械等各种设备中,是制造各种轴承材料,还有线材盘条都是需要经过拉拔后才能使用的,而严重的框形偏析会给轧材,乃至后道的轴承套圈带来巨大的危害。这种偏析使钢的力学性能具有方向性,造成偏析框内外不同区域的塑形、韧性、强度以及硬度等机械性能分布均匀性,导致受力时不能均匀变形,加工时损坏磨具,无法进行深层次加工,从而增加生产成本。
目前对于框形偏析的研究较多为通过炼钢连铸过程来改善,但涉及通过炼钢及轧钢联合改善来控制轴承钢框形偏析技术及相关专利不多。如申请号201910299087.X公开的《改善大方坯连铸坯框型偏析的方法》,该发明主要是根据连铸机工艺参数特点、拉速、结晶器电磁搅拌及二冷水电磁搅拌位置等进行的改善。如申请号201210174384.X公开的《一种降低Cr、Mo钢轧材框形偏析的方法》,该发明主要是改善连铸工艺参数,以及轧钢的加热温度、轧制温度、下线冷却速度和最终的轧材退火来改善框形偏析。综上所述,在炼钢连铸、轧钢加热及轧制方式技术结合起来对框形偏析的改善未有公开的研究报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,通过合理的合金配比,合适的连铸工艺参数,以及合理的轧制方法,改善大断面矩形轴承钢的框形偏析。使得最终轧材的偏析框占比不大于30%,同时宽高比不大于1.1。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种低偏析的轴承钢,该钢的化学成分按质量百分含量计为C:0.93~1.05%,Si:0.15~0.35%,Mn:0.25~0.45%,P:≤0.025%,S:≤0.015%,Cr:1.35~1.60%,Ni:≤0.25%,Cu:≤0.20%,Mo:≤0.10%,Al:≤0.050%,Ti:≤0.030%,余量为Fe及杂质元素,产品形式为热轧圆钢棒材。
上述大断面矩形轴承钢的制造流程为转炉——炉外精炼——RH真空脱气——连铸——连轧——锯切——冷却——精整——表面及内部探伤——成品检验包装。
主要生产工艺特点如下:
1、选用切头等优质废钢,配加一级生铁或优质铁水,以减少钢中有害元素。
2、冶炼过程流渣操作,保证终点C的成分,防止钢水过氧化,出钢时加脱氧剂脱氧,偏心底出钢减少钢渣进入大包。
3、对增碳剂、合金等进行干燥,精确控制化学成分,调整渣的碱度,保持炉内还原气氛,吹氩搅拌,使钢中的非金属夹杂物充分上浮,保证钢水纯净度。
4、连铸:严格控制精炼包上台温度,确保钢水过热度控制在30-40℃,连铸全过程采取防氧化浇铸措施,减少连铸坯及成品的中心成分偏析;
5、连铸工序严格控制连铸拉速,确保拉速范围处于0.35至0.65m/min范围内,保证生产正常的前提下,使钢水在连铸过程中,心部高熔点元素充分上浮,减少连铸坯及成品的中心成分偏析;
6、连铸工序使用轻压下技术,总压下量5至10mm,在确保连铸坯坯壳不被破坏的前提下,给予连铸坯内部液心一定的压力,使铸坯心部高熔点元素充分上浮,减少连铸坯及成品的中心成分偏析;
7、连铸工序严格控制连铸过程比水量为0.25-0.5L/Kg,保持连铸坯冷却均匀;
8、连铸过程采用M-EMS和F-EMS双联,有效改善和降低连铸坯的成分偏析,尤其在增加凝固末端电磁搅拌后,铸坯凝固组织的致密度得到了提高,铸坯中心疏松和缩孔得到了有效控制,而二次枝晶臂间距得到明显改善,中心等轴晶率提高约4.2%,晶粒得到细化,等级提高约0.5级,从而显著地改善了铸坯的质量,降低了成分偏析。组织构成:激冷层、柱状晶区、等轴晶区。
9、铸坯加热轧制:轧钢加热采用高温扩散工艺,保温温度为1100-1230℃,保温时间为5-8小时。铸坯采用认面轧制技术,轧辊与坯料窄面接触时采用大轧制力,与宽面接触时采用小轧制力工艺进行轧制,在满足轧机负荷条件下,大轧制力为小轧制力的4-8倍。
认面轧制技术是针对矩形连铸坯设计的一种特殊轧制技术,其具体方式是轧辊与坯料窄面接触时采用大轧制力(单次压下率≥25%),与宽面接触时采用小轧制力(单次压下率≤10%)进行轧制。在满足轧机负荷条件下,大轧制力为小轧制力的4-8倍。
该技术的原理:采用合适的轧制道次和压下量,大轧制力的框形向内部渗透,小轧制力在表面变形,不能渗透到内部框形处,所以通过控制坯料内部的金属渗透流动,可将轧材的矩形方框控制接近正方形。
效果:框形偏析控制在不大于1.1,有利于零件后道热处理受力的各项同性,确保均匀变形,满足精密轴承用钢的加工使用要求。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明通过合理的工艺流程和连铸及轧制工艺参数,改善了碳化物质量,降低了连铸坯的中心偏析,从而降低了钢材的中心偏析,保证了最终产品在热处理过程中的变形,提高钢材力学性能的各向同性。
附图说明
图1为常规热轧轴承圆钢棒材与实施例1的热轧轴承圆钢棒材的低倍对比图。
图2为常规热轧轴承圆钢棒材与实施例2的热轧轴承圆钢棒材的低倍对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明内容作进一步说明。
实施例1
连铸过程中浇注过热度为39℃,连铸拉速为0.45m/min,轻压下总压下量为8mm,比水量为0.4L/Kg,结晶器电磁搅拌电流为500A,结晶器电磁搅拌频率为1.0HZ。
把连铸坯加热至1130-1200℃,总在炉保温加热时间为5.5小时,连铸坯出炉后经高压水除鳞后进行轧制;使用往复式轧机进行粗轧,轧制17道次,轧制215mm×215mm,再使用连轧机精轧,轧制6道次,轧制成品尺寸φ120mm圆钢;锯切定尺。
钢材下线后,取样检验圆钢棒材的各项性能参数,轧材的偏析框占比为25.3%,同时宽高比为1.05(常规热轧材的偏析框占比为30.2%,宽高比为1.21)。
实施例2
连铸过程中浇注过热度为37℃,连铸拉速为0.50m/min,轻压下总压下量为9mm,比水量为0.35L/Kg,结晶器电磁搅拌电流为450A,结晶器电磁搅拌频率为0.9HZ。
把连铸坯加热至1150-1200℃,总在炉保温加热时间为6小时,连铸坯出炉后经高压水除鳞后进行轧制;使用往复式轧机进行开坯轧制,轧制11道次,轧制到300mm×300mm尺寸的中间坯,下线集中堆放缓冷,冷却至室温后转移至另一轧钢厂;把中间坯加热至1100-1150℃,总在炉加热时间为3.5小时,中间坯出炉后经高压水除鳞后进行轧制;使用连轧机精轧,共轧制11道次,轧制成品尺寸φ90mm圆钢,锯切定尺。
钢材下线后,取样检验圆钢棒材的各项性能参数,轧材的偏析框占比为24.5%,同时宽高比为1.03(常规热轧材的偏析框占比为29.8%,宽高比为1.18)。
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是应该清楚地理解,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)选用优质废钢,配加一级生铁或优质铁水;
2)冶炼过程流渣操作,保证终点C的成分,防止钢水过氧化,出钢时加脱氧剂脱氧,偏心底出钢减少钢渣进入大包;
3)精确控制化学成分,调整渣的碱度,保持炉内还原气氛,吹氩搅拌,使钢中的非金属夹杂物充分上浮,保证钢水纯净度;
4)连铸:严格控制精炼包上台温度,确保钢水过热度控制在30-40℃,连铸全过程采取防氧化浇铸措施,减少连铸坯及成品的中心成分偏析;
5)铸坯加热轧制:轧钢加热采用高温扩散工艺,保温温度为1100-1230℃,保温时间为5-8小时,铸坯采用认面轧制技术,轧辊与坯料窄面接触时采用大轧制力,与宽面接触时采用小轧制力工艺进行轧制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于:连铸工序严格控制连铸拉速,确保拉速范围处于0.35至0.65m/min范围内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于:连铸工序使用轻压下技术,总压下量5至10mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于:连铸过程采用M-EMS和F-EMS双联,有效改善和降低连铸坯的成分偏析,在增加凝固末端电磁搅拌后,铸坯凝固组织的致密度得到了提高,铸坯中心疏松和缩孔得到了有效控制,而二次枝晶臂间距得到明显改善,中心等轴晶率提高4.2%,晶粒得到细化,等级提高0.5级,从而显著地改善了铸坯的质量,降低了成分偏析,连铸坯由激冷层、柱状晶区和等轴晶区组织构成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于:所述结晶器电磁搅拌电流为250-500A,结晶器电磁搅拌频率为0.5-2HZ。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于连铸工序控制比水量为0.25-0.5L/Kg,保持连铸坯冷却均匀。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于所述连铸坯是宽高比为1.3-1.5的矩形坯。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征所述认面轧制技术保证在满足轧机负荷条件下,大轧制力为小轧制力的4-8倍。
9.根据权利要求6所述一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于轧制过程中轧辊与坯料窄面接触时采用大轧制力,单次压下率≥25%,与宽面接触时采用小轧制力,单次压下率≤10%进行轧制。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种改善大断面矩形轴承钢框形偏析的生产方法,其特征在于所述轴承钢的化学成分按质量百分含量计为C:0.93~1.05%,Si:0.15~0.35%,Mn:0.25~0.45%,P:≤0.025%,S:≤0.015%,Cr:1.35~1.60%,Ni:≤0.25%,Cu:≤0.20%,Mo:≤0.10%,Al:≤0.050%,Ti:≤0.030%,余量为Fe及杂质元素。
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