CN116285468A - Al (aluminum) alloy 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al (aluminum) alloy 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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Abstract
The invention relates to an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof. The composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following component raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% -90% of Al 2 O 3 10 to 50 percent of Ti 2 AlC; wherein the Al is 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The sum of the components of AlC is 100 percent. The composite wave-absorbing coating directly adopts the existing raw material powder on the market as the raw material, has the characteristics of simple raw material obtaining mode, low cost and self-repairing and recycling. The preparation method of the composite wave-absorbing coating optimizes the supersonic plasma spraying process and the raw material powder proportion,the method is simple, easy to operate and suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to an Al alloy 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the 90 th century of the 20 th century, hypersonic aircrafts with a speed of more than 5 Mach became the focus of competitive development of aerospace and defense departments of various countries with the rapid development of aerospace technology and the development and application of near space (20 km-100 km) aircrafts.
From the standpoint of hypersonic aircraft construction, the transition between the warhead and the projectile is made of inconel in order to prevent heat transfer to the rest of the aircraft. The frame, the panel walls of the projectile body portion and the skin of the projectile body and interstage portion, including the four full-motion tail fins of the propeller, are all aluminum. Some constructions of the interstage section and the tail cone of the impeller are made of titanium metal material and the outer surface of the impeller is made of steel. Meanwhile, the reusable hypersonic aircraft also needs to undergo high-low temperature transformation, which requires that the ceramic coating material has good interface bonding and thermal matching with the metal matrix of the aircraft on one hand, and can be self-repaired to achieve the effect of repeated use on the other hand. Based on the method, development and design of the high-temperature-resistant ceramic coating which can absorb waves in a wide frequency domain, can be combined with a metal good interface and can be repaired by self are key to realizing stealth and recycling of the aircraft.
The preparation of the ceramic coating is a rapid heating and rapid cooling process, thermal stress is inevitably generated, and under the space complex service environment, the bonding force between the coating and a substrate can be damaged due to alternating load and temperature change, so that the coating falls off in the long-term use process. How to expand and improve the wave-absorbing frequency domain and the intrinsic brittleness of the ultra-high temperature ceramic material, reasonably select and design the system of the ceramic matrix composite material, realize the design and the preparation of the coating, and improve the toughness and the oxidation resistance is an important challenge facing the research field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention successfully develops Ti by regulating and controlling the supersonic plasma spraying process and the raw material powder proportion based on a mechanism that the composite wave absorbing material can convert the incident electromagnetic wave energy into heat energy or other forms of energy through an electromagnetic loss or microwave interference mechanism so as to effectively dissipate the energy 2 AlC enhanced Al 2 O 3 A high-temperature wide-frequency-domain wave-absorbing self-repairing recyclable composite material coating of a matrix and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following component raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% -90% of Al 2 O 3 10 to 50 percent of Ti 2 AlC; wherein the Al is 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The sum of the components of AlC is 100 percent.
The invention provides another Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% -93% of Al 2 O 3 5 to 48 percent of Ti 2 AlC, 0.1-1% Ti 3 AlC 2 And 0.1% -1% TiC. This is because a part of Ti in the raw material powder 2 AlC is decomposed into Al due to high temperature in the spraying process 2 O 3 And Ti is 3 AlC 2 And TiC, thus Ti in the coating 2 AlC mass percent is reduced, ti 3 AlC 2 、TiC、Al 2 O 3 The mass percentage of the three substancesWill increase, the part of Al increased 2 O 3 Derived from Ti 2 AlC, ti in the coating obtained by spraying 3 AlC 2 And TiC is not an impurity but Ti 2 AlC decomposition products.
Further, the Al 2 O 3 The particle diameter of the Ti is 15-45 μm 2 The particle size of AlC is 15-40 μm.
Further, the microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 600 to 900HV, and the tensile interface bonding strength is 25 to 35MPa.
Furthermore, according to GJB5022 standard, for the composite wave-absorbing coating sample with the frequency of 300mm multiplied by 5mm, under the test condition of utilizing the radar wave-absorbing material RAM reflectivity bow method in the frequency range of 8 GHz-18 GHz, the effective wave-absorbing bandwidth of the composite wave-absorbing coating is larger than 2GHz, and the minimum reflection loss is smaller than-20 dB.
Further, the thickness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 0.5 mm-2 mm.
The invention also provides the Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The preparation method of the AlC composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials of each component according to a formula, and preparing Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 Placing AlC in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment until the AlC is fully mixed to obtain composite raw material powder; taking nickel-based alloy as a matrix, and placing the matrix in a muffle furnace to be preheated to 150 ℃; placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated substrate on the supersonic plasma spraying device, and performing supersonic plasma spraying treatment to obtain the Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating; wherein the parameters of the spraying treatment include: argon gas flow rate is 70L/min-85L/min, hydrogen gas flow rate is 10L/min-20L/min, voltage is 100V-120V, current is 350A-450A, powder feeding pressure is 0.4 MPa-0.5 MPa, powder feeding flow rate is 18 g/min-20 g/min, and spraying distance is 80 mm-100 mm;
further, the ball milling treatment time is 8-12 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
the invention provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating directly adopts the existing raw material powder in the market as the raw material, has simple raw material obtaining mode and low cost, and the product has the characteristic of self-repairing and recycling. The preparation method of the composite wave-absorbing coating is simple and easy to operate and is suitable for industrial production by optimizing the supersonic plasma spraying process and the raw material powder proportion.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, which are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments unless specifically indicated otherwise.
FIG. 1 is 50wt.% Al of example 1 of the present invention 2 O 3 /50wt.％Ti 2 Scanning electron microscope pictures of AlC composite wave-absorbing coating;
FIG. 2 is 60wt.% Al of example 2 of the present invention 2 O 3 /40wt.％Ti 2 Scanning electron microscope pictures of AlC composite wave-absorbing coating;
FIG. 3 is 70wt.% Al of example 3 of the present invention 2 O 3 /30wt.％Ti 2 Scanning electron microscope pictures of AlC composite wave-absorbing coating;
FIG. 4 is 80wt.% Al of example 4 of the present invention 2 O 3 /20wt.％Ti 2 Scanning electron microscope pictures of AlC composite wave-absorbing coating;
FIG. 5 is 90wt.% Al of example 5 of the present invention 2 O 3 /10wt.％Ti 2 Scanning electron microscope pictures of AlC composite wave-absorbing coating.
Detailed Description
The inventors found that, in order to meet the requirements of high temperature, long-term and repeated use, al 2 O 3 Ceramics are well-known ceramic matrix materials having low density, excellent high temperature strength and good high temperature oxidation resistance. So design Al 2 O 3 Ceramic matrix composites are preferred, but pure Al 2 O 3 The ceramic has extremely poor formability in the coating preparation process, and Al 2 O 3 The wave absorbing performance is extremely poor. The high-performance wave-absorbing material is a composite material formed by two or more materials through proper composition and structural design. The novel ternary lamellar MAX phase ceramic is a ceramic material with good damage tolerance and excellent conductivity of high strength and high toughness and metalloid, and typical materials are Ti 3 SiC 2 、Ti 2 AlC、Ti 3 (SiAl)C 2 Solid solution and Cr 2 AlB 2 The density is 4-5 g/cm 3 Young's modulus of 280-340 GPa, room temperature fracture toughness of 6.0-7.88 MPa.m 1/2 . In addition, the novel ternary MAX phase ceramic has the comprehensive advantages of excellent wave absorption, high Wen Ziyu combination restoration, oxidation resistance and good combination with metal matrix wetting. How to prepare Ti by optimizing the supersonic plasma spraying process and the raw material powder proportion 2 AlC enhanced Al 2 O 3 The high-temperature wide-frequency-domain wave-absorbing self-repairing recyclable composite material coating of the matrix becomes the development of the novel Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The key point of the AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is that the AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is coated on the surface of the substrate.
The invention provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following component raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% -90% of Al 2 O 3 10 to 50 percent of Ti 2 AlC; wherein the Al is 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The sum of the components of AlC is 100 percent.
The Ti is as follows 2 AlC may also be replaced by other MAX phase ceramics including, but not limited to, ti 3 AlC 2 、Ti 3 SiC 2 、Cr 2 AlC and Mo 2 One or more of albs. Ti as exemplified above 2 AlC、Ti 3 AlC 2 、Ti 3 SiC 2 、Cr 2 AlC and Mo 2 AlB is the same chemical substance, so the composite wave-absorbing coating with the same performance can be prepared by correspondingly taking AlB as a raw material.
The invention also provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC composite wave-absorbing coating, the composite wave-absorbing coatingThe wave coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% -93% of Al 2 O 3 5 to 48 percent of Ti 2 AlC, 0.1-1% Ti 3 AlC 2 And 0.1% -1% TiC.
Wherein the Al is 2 O 3 The particle diameter of the Ti is 15-45 μm 2 The particle size of AlC is 15-40 μm.
The invention also provides the Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The preparation method of the AlC composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials of each component according to a formula, and preparing Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 Placing AlC in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment until the AlC is fully mixed to obtain composite raw material powder;
s2, taking the nickel-based alloy as a matrix, and placing the matrix in a muffle furnace for preheating to 150 ℃;
s3, placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated substrate on the supersonic plasma spraying device, and performing supersonic plasma spraying treatment to obtain the Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating;
wherein the parameters of the spraying treatment include: argon gas flow rate is 70-85L/min, hydrogen gas flow rate is 10-20L/min, voltage is 100-120V, current is 350-450A, powder feeding pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, powder feeding flow rate is 18-20 g/min, and spraying distance is 80-100 mm.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
Example 1 provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：50％，Ti 2 AlC:50% of the total of the two components is 100%, and the required Al is weighed 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC；
Placing the two raw material powders into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 8-12 hours to realize full mixing;
placing the nickel-based alloy matrix in a muffle furnace for preheating to 150 ℃;
placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated nickel-based alloy matrix on the supersonic plasma spraying device by adopting a clamp, preparing a supersonic plasma spraying composite wave-absorbing coating by using the plasma spraying parameters, and finally obtaining the composite wave-absorbing coating, wherein the Ti in the coating is shown in figure 1 2 AlC presents lamellar morphology and is dispersed and distributed in Al 2 O 3 Is a kind of medium. The microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 650+/-50 HV, and the bonding strength of the coating is 30+/-5 MPa.
Example 2
Example 2 provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：60％，Ti 2 AlC:40% and 100% of the total of the two components, and weighing the required Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC；
Placing the two raw material powders into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 8-12 hours to realize full mixing;
placing the nickel-based alloy matrix in a muffle furnace for preheating to 150 ℃;
placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated nickel-based alloy matrix on the supersonic plasma spraying device by adopting a clamp, preparing a composite wave-absorbing coating by using the spraying parameters and then supersonic plasma spraying, and finally obtaining the composite wave-absorbing coating, wherein the Ti in the coating is shown in figure 2 2 AlC presents lamellar morphology and is dispersed and distributed in Al 2 O 3 Is a kind of medium. The microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 700+/-50 HV, and the bonding strength of the coating is 30+/-5 MPa.
Example 3
Example 3 extraction ofFor Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：70％，Ti 2 AlC:30% of the total of the two components is 100%, and the required Al is weighed 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC；
Placing the two raw material powders into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 8-12 hours to realize full mixing;
placing the nickel-based alloy matrix in a muffle furnace for preheating to 150 ℃;
placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated nickel-based alloy matrix on the supersonic plasma spraying device by adopting a clamp, preparing a composite wave-absorbing coating by using the spraying parameters and then supersonic plasma spraying, and finally obtaining the composite wave-absorbing coating, wherein the Ti in the coating is shown in figure 3 2 AlC presents lamellar morphology and is dispersed and distributed in Al 2 O 3 Is a kind of medium. The microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 750+/-50 HV, and the bonding strength of the coating is 30+/-5 MPa.
Example 4
Example 4 provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：80％，Ti 2 AlC:20% of the total of the two components is 100%, and the required Al is weighed 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC；
Placing the two raw material powders into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 8-12 hours to realize full mixing;
placing the nickel-based alloy matrix in a muffle furnace for preheating to 150 ℃;
placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated nickel-based alloy matrix on the supersonic plasma spraying device by adopting a clamp, and using the plasma spraying parameterThe number is then processed by supersonic plasma spraying composite wave-absorbing coating preparation, finally the composite wave-absorbing coating is obtained, as shown in figure 4, ti inside the coating 2 AlC presents lamellar morphology and is dispersed and distributed in Al 2 O 3 Is a kind of medium. The microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 800+/-50 HV, and the bonding strength of the coating is 30+/-5 MPa.
Example 5
Example 5 provides an Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the composite wave-absorbing coating comprises the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：90％，Ti 2 AlC:10% and 100% of the total of the two components, and weighing the required Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC；
Placing the two raw material powders into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 8-12 hours to realize full mixing;
placing the nickel-based alloy matrix in a muffle furnace for preheating to 150 ℃;
placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated nickel-based alloy matrix on the supersonic plasma spraying device by adopting a clamp, preparing a supersonic plasma spraying composite wave-absorbing coating by using the plasma spraying parameters, and finally obtaining the composite wave-absorbing coating, wherein the Ti in the coating is shown in figure 5 2 AlC presents lamellar morphology and is dispersed and distributed in Al 2 O 3 Is a kind of medium. The microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 850+/-50 HV, and the bonding strength of the coating is 30+/-5 MPa.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples of implementing the present application and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention shall be defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. Al (aluminum) alloy 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized by comprising the following component raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% -90% of Al 2 O 3 10 to 50 percent of Ti 2 AlC；
Wherein the Al is 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The sum of the components of AlC is 100 percent.
2. Al (aluminum) alloy 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 50% -93% of Al 2 O 3 5 to 48 percent of Ti 2 AlC, 0.1-1% Ti 3 AlC 2 And 0.1% -1% TiC.
3. Al according to claim 1 or 2 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC composite wave-absorbing coating, characterized in that the Al 2 O 3 The particle diameter of the Ti is 15-45 μm 2 The particle size of AlC is 15-40 μm.
4. Al according to claim 1 or 2 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized in that the microhardness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 600-900 HV, and the tensile interface bonding strength is 25-35 MPa.
5. Al according to claim 1 or 2 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized in that according to GJB5022 standard, the effective wave-absorbing bandwidth of the composite wave-absorbing coating is larger than 2GHz and the minimum reflection loss is smaller than-20 dB under the test condition that the radar wave-absorbing material RAM reflectivity bow method is utilized in the frequency range of 8 GHz-18 GHz for the composite wave-absorbing coating sample with the wavelength of 300mm multiplied by 5 mm.
6. Al according to claim 1 or 2 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 AlC complexThe composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized in that the thickness of the composite wave-absorbing coating is 0.5 mm-2 mm.
7. Al according to claim 1 or 2 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The preparation method of the AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing raw materials of each component according to a formula, and preparing Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 Placing AlC in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment until the AlC is fully mixed to obtain composite raw material powder;
taking nickel-based alloy as a matrix, and placing the matrix in a muffle furnace to be preheated to 150 ℃;
placing the composite raw material powder into a powder feeder of a supersonic plasma spraying device, fixing the preheated substrate on the supersonic plasma spraying device, and performing supersonic plasma spraying treatment to obtain the Al 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 An AlC composite wave-absorbing coating;
wherein the parameters of the spraying treatment include: argon gas flow rate is 70-85L/min, hydrogen gas flow rate is 10-20L/min, voltage is 100-120V, current is 350-450A, powder feeding pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, powder feeding flow rate is 18-20 g/min, and spraying distance is 80-100 mm.
8. Al according to claim 7 2 O 3 And Ti is 2 The preparation method of the AlC composite wave-absorbing coating is characterized in that the ball milling treatment time is 8-12 h.
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