CN116283578A - Production process of electronic grade DMC - Google Patents
Production process of electronic grade DMC Download PDFInfo
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- CN116283578A CN116283578A CN202211499896.3A CN202211499896A CN116283578A CN 116283578 A CN116283578 A CN 116283578A CN 202211499896 A CN202211499896 A CN 202211499896A CN 116283578 A CN116283578 A CN 116283578A
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- dmc
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- catalyst
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- BLLFVUPNHCTMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrite Chemical compound CON=O BLLFVUPNHCTMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006606 decarbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006324 decarbonylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQUZYDCFSDMNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=C.CC1COC(=O)O1 QQUZYDCFSDMNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005832 oxidative carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;urea Chemical compound N.NC(N)=O PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/04—Preparation of esters of nitrous acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of DMC production, in particular to a production process of electronic grade DMC, which comprises the following steps: s1, mixing nitric oxide, methanol and oxygen in an esterification tower to perform esterification reaction to prepare methyl nitrite; s2, mixing methyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out carbonylation reaction under the action of a catalyst A to obtain dimethyl oxalate; s3, dimethyl oxalate enters a decarbonylation reactor, and decarbonylation reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst B, so that DMC is prepared. The raw material of the production process of the electronic grade DMC is a gasified product of coal, so that the cost is saved, DMO is synthesized by esterification and carbonylation, and the DMO is decarbonylated under the action of a solid base catalyst to produce the electronic grade DMC, so that the green and efficient production of the DMC is realized, and the high-quality electronic grade DMC is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of DMC production, in particular to a production process of electronic grade DMC.
Background
DMC (dimethyl carbonate) is a nontoxic, environment-friendly and widely used chemical raw material, and in recent years, the downstream demand is steadily increasing, wherein the non-phosgene PC and lithium ion battery electrolyte, paint and coating industries are gradually becoming the main consumer markets thereof. In the prior art, the production process route of the dimethyl carbonate mainly comprises a phosgene method, a transesterification method, a direct synthesis method of methanol and carbon dioxide, a urea alcoholysis method, a methanol oxidative carbonylation method and the like. The phosgene method has the advantages of complex process, extremely toxic raw materials, long operation period, extremely toxic raw material phosgene, environmental pollution, by-product of a large amount of HCl, equipment pipeline corrosion, environmental pollution, high halogen content in finished products and the like, so that the application and development of the phosgene method are limited, and the phosgene method route is eliminated; transesterification is being gradually replaced by other low cost technologies for reasons of raw material costs and utility consumption; at present, the direct synthesis method of methanol and carbon dioxide only stays in a laboratory exploration stage and has quite long distance from industrialization; the urea alcoholysis method is suitable for synthetic ammonia-urea production enterprises; the methanol oxidative carbonylation method can be divided into three routes of a liquid phase method, an indirect gas phase method and a direct gas phase method according to different reaction processes, wherein the liquid phase method and the indirect gas phase method are still in a research and development stage. At present, the traditional DMC preparation process has the defects of high energy consumption and product quality which cannot reach an electronic level.
The electronic grade DMC production is mainly based on transesterification, and the technology mixes methanol and ethylene (propylene) carbonate with a catalyst in a reaction kettle (the mol ratio of the alcohol to the ester is 5-10:1), and stirs and heats until boiling. The DMC formed forms an azeotrope with methanol and is distilled out of the reaction kettle, condensed and collected. The reaction proceeds until the azeotrope no longer drips out. The reaction solution was then separated to obtain DMC. The main raw material of the transesterification method is ethylene (propylene) carbonate from petroleum refining, and the raw material cost is increased due to rich coal and lean oil in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of substandard quality, high cost and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the production process of the electronic grade DMC, which can prepare high-quality electronic grade DMC, and meanwhile, the raw materials come from coal gasification products, so that the cost is saved.
The invention provides a production process of electronic grade DMC, comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing nitric oxide, methanol and oxygen in an esterification tower to perform esterification reaction to prepare Methyl Nitrite (MN), wherein a chemical reaction equation is 2NO+2CH 3 OH+0.5O 2 →2CH 3 ONO+H 2 O；
S2, mixing methyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out carbonylation reaction under the action of a catalyst A to obtain dimethyl oxalate (DMO), wherein the chemical reaction equation is 2CO+2CH 3 ONO→CH 3 OOCCOOCH 3 +2NO；
S3, dimethyl oxalate enters a decarbonylation reactor, decarbonylation reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst B, DMC is prepared, and a chemical reaction equation is CH 3 OOCCOOCH 3 →(CH 3 O) 2 CO+CO。
Further, in the step S1, the esterification reaction is carried out under the process conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa and the reaction temperature is 36-60 ℃.
Further, in the step S1, at the initial stage of the esterification reaction, methyl nitrite is added into the reaction system, and the added methyl nitrite is prepared by reacting sodium nitrite, nitric acid and methanol as raw materials, wherein a chemical reaction equation is NaNO 2 +HNO 3 →NaNO 3 +HNO 2 ，HNO 2 +CH 3 OH→CH 3 ONO+H 2 O。
Further, in step S2, the catalyst A is a palladium alumina catalyst (Pd/Al 2 O 3 )。
In step S2, the carbonylation reaction is carried out under the conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.35-0.45 MPa and the reaction temperature is 110-140 ℃.
Further, in the step S2, the prepared dimethyl oxalate is refined, and the refining method comprises the steps of decompressing and flashing the dimethyl oxalate, rectifying by a rectifying tower, filtering by a multi-medium filter and heating by a high-efficiency heater.
In step S3, the decarbonylation reaction is carried out under the conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa and the reaction temperature is 130-150 ℃.
Further, in step S3, the catalyst B is a solid base catalyst. Further, the solid base catalyst is one of aluminum oxide, lanthanum oxide, barium oxide and cesium carbonate.
Further, in step S3, the DMC obtained is purified by sending the DMC to a light component removal column to separate the light component.
Further, nitric oxide, methanol and carbon monoxide in the step S1 and the step S2 are all obtained by gasifying and separating coal through a coal gasifier.
The electronic grade DMC production process has the beneficial effects that the raw material is the gasified product of coal, the cost is saved, DMO is synthesized through esterification and carbonylation, and the DMO is decarbonylated under the action of a solid base catalyst to produce the electronic grade DMC, so that the green and efficient production of the DMC is realized, and the high-quality electronic grade DMC is prepared.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In examples 1 to 3, nitric oxide, methanol and carbon monoxide in step S2 were obtained by gasifying and separating coal as a raw material in a coal gasifier.
Example 1
A process for producing electronic grade DMC comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing nitric oxide, methanol and oxygen in an esterification tower to perform esterification reaction, wherein the esterification reaction has the technological conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.4MPa, the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, methyl nitrite is added into a reaction system in the initial stage of the esterification reaction, and the preparation method of the added methyl nitrite is that sodium nitrite, nitric acid and methanol are used as raw materials to react to prepare the methyl nitrite;
s2, mixing methyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out carbonylation under the catalysis of a palladium alumina catalyst, wherein the carbonylation reaction has the technological conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.40MPa, the reaction temperature is 120 ℃, so as to obtain a crude product of dimethyl oxalate, and carrying out reduced pressure flash evaporation on the crude product of dimethyl oxalate, rectifying in a rectifying tower, filtering by a multi-medium filter and heating by a high-efficiency heater to obtain a refined product of dimethyl oxalate;
s3, dimethyl oxalate enters a decarbonylation reactor to perform decarbonylation reaction under the catalysis of an alumina catalyst, wherein the decarbonylation reaction is performed under the process conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.2MPa and the reaction temperature is 140 ℃, DMC crude products are prepared, the DMC crude products are sent to a light component removal tower to separate light components such as methanol and the like, and the purity of the electronic DMC is 99.92%.
Example 2
A process for producing electronic grade DMC comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing nitric oxide, methanol and oxygen in an esterification tower to perform esterification reaction, wherein the esterification reaction has the technological conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.3MPa, the reaction temperature is 36 ℃, methyl nitrite is added into a reaction system in the initial stage of the esterification reaction, and the preparation method of the added methyl nitrite is that sodium nitrite, nitric acid and methanol are used as raw materials to react to prepare the methyl nitrite;
s2, mixing methyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out carbonylation under the catalysis of a palladium alumina catalyst, wherein the carbonylation reaction has the technological conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.35MPa, the reaction temperature is 110 ℃, so as to obtain a crude product of dimethyl oxalate, and carrying out reduced pressure flash evaporation on the crude product of dimethyl oxalate, rectifying in a rectifying tower, filtering by a multi-medium filter and heating by a high-efficiency heater to obtain a refined product of dimethyl oxalate;
s3, dimethyl oxalate enters a decarbonylation reactor to perform decarbonylation reaction under the catalysis of a cesium carbonate catalyst, wherein the decarbonylation reaction is performed under the process conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.1MPa and the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, DMC crude products are prepared, the DMC crude products are sent to a light component removal tower to separate light components such as methanol and the like, and the purity of the electronic DMC is 99.91%.
Example 3
A process for producing electronic grade DMC comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing nitric oxide, methanol and oxygen in an esterification tower to perform esterification reaction, wherein the esterification reaction has the technological conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.5MPa, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, methyl nitrite is added into a reaction system in the initial stage of the esterification reaction, and the preparation method of the added methyl nitrite is that sodium nitrite, nitric acid and methanol are used as raw materials to react to prepare the methyl nitrite;
s2, mixing methyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out carbonylation under the catalysis of a palladium alumina catalyst, wherein the carbonylation reaction has the technological conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.45MPa, the reaction temperature is 140 ℃, so as to obtain a crude product of dimethyl oxalate, and carrying out reduced pressure flash evaporation on the crude product of dimethyl oxalate, rectifying in a rectifying tower, filtering by a multi-medium filter and heating by a high-efficiency heater to obtain a refined product of dimethyl oxalate;
s3, dimethyl oxalate enters a decarbonylation reactor to perform decarbonylation reaction under the catalysis of a cesium carbonate catalyst, wherein the decarbonylation reaction is performed under the process conditions that the reaction pressure is 0.3MPa and the reaction temperature is 150 ℃, DMC crude products are prepared, the DMC crude products are sent to a light component removal tower to separate light components such as methanol and the like, and the purity of the electronic DMC is 99.90%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The production process of the electronic grade DMC is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing nitric oxide, methanol and oxygen in an esterification tower to perform esterification reaction to prepare methyl nitrite;
s2, mixing methyl nitrite and carbon monoxide in a fixed bed reactor, and carrying out carbonylation reaction under the action of a catalyst A to obtain dimethyl oxalate;
s3, dimethyl oxalate enters a decarbonylation reactor, and decarbonylation reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst B, so that DMC is prepared.
2. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the esterification reaction is carried out under a reaction pressure of 0.3 to 0.5MPa and a reaction temperature of 36 to 60 ℃.
3. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, methyl nitrite is added to the reaction system at the initial stage of the esterification reaction, and the added methyl nitrite is prepared by reacting sodium nitrite, nitric acid and methanol as raw materials.
4. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as defined in claim 1, wherein in step S2, catalyst a is a palladium alumina catalyst.
5. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the carbonylation reaction is carried out under a reaction pressure of 0.35 to 0.45MPa and a reaction temperature of 110 to 140 ℃.
6. The process for producing electronic grade DMC of claim 1, wherein in step S2, dimethyl oxalate is prepared by a method of flash evaporation of dimethyl oxalate under reduced pressure, rectification in a rectifying tower, filtration in a multi-medium filter, and heating in a high-efficiency heater.
7. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the decarbonylation reaction is carried out under a reaction pressure of 0.1 to 0.3MPa and a reaction temperature of 130 to 150 ℃.
8. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as defined in claim 1, wherein in step S3, catalyst B is a solid base catalyst.
9. The process for producing electronic grade DMC as defined in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the DMC obtained is purified by feeding the DMC to a light component removal column to separate light components.
10. The process for producing electronic grade DMC according to any of claims 1-9, wherein nitric oxide, methanol and carbon monoxide in step S1 and step S2 are all obtained by gasifying and separating coal in a coal gasifier.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211499896.3A CN116283578A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Production process of electronic grade DMC |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211499896.3A CN116283578A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Production process of electronic grade DMC |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116283578A true CN116283578A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN202211499896.3A Pending CN116283578A (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Production process of electronic grade DMC |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116283578A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-11-28 CN CN202211499896.3A patent/CN116283578A/en active Pending
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