CN116278257A - Black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN116278257A
CN116278257A CN202310144350.4A CN202310144350A CN116278257A CN 116278257 A CN116278257 A CN 116278257A CN 202310144350 A CN202310144350 A CN 202310144350A CN 116278257 A CN116278257 A CN 116278257A
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polylactic acid
glass fiber
black
laser
layer light
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庄吉彬
杨杰
池国威
胡淑琴
刁雪峰
洪韦琦
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Jinyoung Xiamen Advanced Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Jinyoung Xiamen Advanced Materials Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B32B2250/244—All polymers belonging to those covered by group B32B27/36
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/14—Glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, and provides a black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser and a preparation method thereof. The assembly includes an upper layer of light transmissive material and a lower layer of light absorbing material; the upper layer light-transmitting material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, an antioxidant, a surface modifier and infrared-transmitting organic black powder; the melting point of polylactic acid of the upper layer light-transmitting material is 155-170 ℃; the lower layer light absorption material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, a surface modifier, an antioxidant and carbon black; the melting point of polylactic acid of the lower layer light absorbing material is 145-160 ℃. The glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component prepared by the invention can maintain good light transmittance and welding strength while being subjected to glass fiber reinforcement.

Description

Black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The specific principle of laser welding is that infrared laser (800-1100 nm) penetrates through the upper light-transmitting material to reach the surface of the lower light-absorbing material, the lower light-absorbing material is heated and then melted, heat is transferred to the upper material, the upper material and the lower material are mutually melted on the contact surface, are secondarily polymerized under the clamping force, and are welded after being cooled. Therefore, the laser welding material requires that the upper layer material can transmit laser to the greatest extent (> 30%), the lower layer material can absorb laser to the greatest extent, and the matching of the upper layer material and the lower layer material also follows a similar compatibility principle.
Polylactic acid is a crystalline material, but is basically in an amorphous state without crystallization treatment due to extremely low crystallization speed, so that the polylactic acid has high light transmittance and provides possibility for laser welding. However, polylactic acid is brittle, and cannot meet the requirement of laser welding on strength in the fields of automobiles and electronic appliances, so that the polylactic acid needs to be enhanced and modified. The current methods for improving the strength of polylactic acid mainly comprise glass fiber reinforcement, mineral filling reinforcement, natural fiber reinforcement, composite filling reinforcement and the like.
The mineral filling and natural fibers are used for reinforcing and modifying the polylactic acid, so that the problem of insufficient strength of the polylactic acid can be solved, but the light transmittance is also seriously reduced, and the laser welding process is influenced.
Therefore, how to develop a polylactic acid material which has good light transmittance and good welding strength while enhancing the material is a technical problem which needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of insufficient light transmittance of the polylactic acid material in the process of reinforcing and modifying in the background art, the invention provides a black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser, which has the following technical scheme:
the film structure of the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser comprises an upper layer of light-transmitting material and a lower layer of light-absorbing material; the upper layer light-transmitting material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, an antioxidant, a surface modifier and infrared-transmitting organic black powder; the melting point of the polylactic acid of the upper layer light-transmitting material is 155-170 ℃; the lower layer light absorption material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, carbon black, a surface modifier, an antioxidant and carbon black; the melting point of the polylactic acid of the lower layer light absorbing material is 145-160 ℃.
In one embodiment, the upper layer light-transmitting material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75.7-99 parts of polylactic acid, 0.4-2 parts of plasticizer, 0-20 parts of glass fiber, 0-0.4 part of coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of surface modifier and 0.2-0.4 part of infrared transmitting organic black powder.
In one embodiment, the lower light absorbing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75.5-99 parts of polylactic acid, 0.4-2 parts of plasticizer, 0-20 parts of glass fiber, 0-0.4 part of coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of surface modifier and 0.2-0.6 part of carbon black.
In one embodiment, the plasticizer is one or a combination of ESO, ATBC, TBC.
In one embodiment, the glass fiber is alkali-free chopped glass fiber with the diameter of 8-20um and the length of 2-3 mm.
In one embodiment, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
In one embodiment, the antioxidant is one or more of pentaerythritol tetrakis [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite.
In one embodiment, the surface modifier is an amide-based lubricant and/or a stearic acid-based lubricant
In one embodiment, the infrared-transmissive organic black toner is a black infrared-transmissive organic toner and/or a black organic toner formed using a three-primary color tone.
The invention provides a preparation method of a black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser, which comprises the following steps:
s100, uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the antioxidant and the surfactant according to a certain proportion, adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder from a main feeding port, adding the glass fiber into the double-screw extruder from a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating after melt extrusion of the double-screw extruder to obtain a primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch;
s200, uniformly mixing the primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch and the infrared-transmitting organic black powder according to a certain proportion, and performing single-screw injection molding to obtain the upper layer light-transmitting material;
s300, uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the antioxidant, the surfactant and the carbon black according to a certain proportion according to a component formula of the lower-layer light absorbing material, adding the mixture into a main feeding port, adding glass fibers into a double-screw extruder through a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating after melt extrusion through the double-screw extruder to obtain black lower-layer light absorbing material master batch;
s400, performing single-screw injection molding on the black lower-layer light-absorbing material master batch to obtain the lower-layer light-absorbing material;
s500, performing laser welding on an upper light-transmitting material and a lower light-absorbing material under a certain clamping force, and cooling to obtain a polylactic acid laser welding assembly;
and S600, annealing the polylactic acid laser welding assembly at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ for 3-5 min to obtain the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic assembly capable of being welded by laser.
Based on the above, compared with the prior art, the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component provided by the invention can maintain good light transmittance and welding strength while being subjected to glass fiber reinforcement.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; the technical features designed in the different embodiments of the invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that all terms used in the present invention (including technical terms and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; it will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The invention provides a preparation method of a black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser, which comprises the following steps:
s100, uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the coupling agent, the antioxidant and the surface modifier according to a certain proportion, adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder from a main feeding port, adding the glass fiber into the double-screw extruder from a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating after melt extrusion of the glass fiber by the double-screw extruder to obtain a primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch, wherein the double-screw extrusion temperature is 155-170 ℃ and the screw rotation speed is 350-450 rpm;
s200, uniformly mixing the primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch and the infrared-transmitting organic black powder according to a certain proportion, and performing single-screw injection molding to obtain the upper layer light-transmitting material, wherein the single-screw injection molding temperature is 190-210 ℃;
s300, uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the coupling agent, the antioxidant, the surfactant and the carbon black according to a certain proportion, adding the mixture from a main feeding port, adding the glass fiber into a double-screw extruder from a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating the mixture after melt extrusion of the glass fiber by the double-screw extruder to obtain black lower-layer light absorbing material master batch, wherein the double-screw extrusion temperature is 145-160 ℃ and the screw rotation speed is 350-450 rpm;
s400, performing single-screw injection molding on the black lower-layer light absorbing material master batch to obtain the lower-layer light absorbing material, wherein the single-screw injection molding temperature is 190-210 ℃;
s500, carrying out laser welding on the upper layer light-transmitting material and the lower layer light-absorbing material under a certain clamping force, and cooling to obtain a polylactic acid laser welding assembly;
s600, annealing the polylactic acid laser welding component at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ for 3-5 min to obtain the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser.
The formula of the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser provided by the invention is as follows: the film structure comprises an upper layer of light-transmitting material and a lower layer of light-absorbing material; the upper layer light-transmitting material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, an antioxidant, a surface modifier and infrared-transmitting organic black powder; the melting point of the polylactic acid of the upper layer light-transmitting material is 155-170 ℃; the lower layer light absorption material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, carbon black, a surface modifier, an antioxidant and carbon black; the melting point of the polylactic acid of the lower layer light absorbing material is 145-160 ℃.
The upper layer light-transmitting material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75.7-99 parts of polylactic acid, 0.4-2 parts of plasticizer, 0-20 parts of glass fiber, 0-0.4 part of coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of surface modifier and 0.2-0.4 part of infrared transmitting organic black powder.
The lower layer light absorbing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75.5-99 parts of polylactic acid, 0.4-2 parts of plasticizer, 0-20 parts of glass fiber, 0-0.4 part of coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of surface modifier and 0.2-0.6 part of carbon black.
The invention also provides examples and comparative examples shown in the following table:
the formulations (unit: parts by weight) of examples and comparative examples provided by the present invention are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Figure SMS_1
Figure SMS_2
The choice of the types of the component raw materials in the examples and comparative examples in Table 1 are the same, and the specific components are:
polylactic acid selected in the upper layer light-transmitting material is PLA 3001D of natural works, and the melting point is 165 ℃; polylactic acid selected in the lower layer light absorption material is PLA 3052D of natural works, and the melting point is 155 ℃.
The plasticizer is selected from epoxidized soybean oil ESO.
The glass fiber is alkali-free chopped glass fiber with the diameter of 8-20um and the length of 2-3mm, and is specifically selected from glass fiber with the product number 568H produced by the boulder company; the coupling agent is selected as a silane coupling agent, and KH560 silane coupling agent is specifically selected; the nucleating agent is TMC-300 of Shanxi chemical institute; the selected antioxidant is the antioxidant formed by combining pentaerythritol tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a mass ratio of (1:1);
the surface modifier is a surface modifier formed by combining calcium stearate and amide wax according to the mass ratio of (1:1); the selected infrared-transmitting organic black powder is the infrared-transmitting organic black powder with the product number of H5R produced by Hongkun company; the carbon black used was carbon black having a product number of M880, manufactured by cabot corporation.
According to the formulation of table 1, the raw material components in examples and comparative examples except comparative example 3 were prepared as follows to prepare the black laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic member according to the following preparation method:
(1) Uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the coupling agent, the antioxidant and the surfactant according to a certain proportion, adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder from a main feeding port, adding the glass fiber into the double-screw extruder from a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating after melt extrusion of the double-screw extruder to obtain the primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch;
wherein, the twin-screw extruder is provided with 9 barrels, the side feeding port is arranged in a sixth barrel (a sixth zone), and the temperature of the twin-screw extruder from the zone 1 to the zone 9 is 155 ℃,160 ℃,170 ℃,160 ℃,160 ℃,170 ℃ and 170 ℃ in the preparation process of the upper layer light-transmitting material.
(2) Uniformly mixing the primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch with the infrared-transmitting organic black powder according to a certain proportion, and then performing single-screw injection molding to obtain the upper layer light-transmitting material (the process is that the infrared-transmitting organic black powder is subjected to external mixing injection molding); wherein the single screw injection molding temperature is 190-210 ℃;
(3) Uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the coupling agent, the antioxidant, the surfactant and the carbon black according to a certain proportion, adding the mixture into a main feeding port, adding the glass fiber into a double-screw extruder from a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating the mixture after melt extrusion of the double-screw extruder to obtain black lower-layer light absorbing material master batch;
the double-screw extruder is provided with 9 barrels, a side feeding port is arranged in a sixth barrel (a sixth zone), and in the preparation process of the lower layer light absorbing material, the temperature of the 1-9 zones of the double-screw extruder is 145 ℃,150 ℃,160 ℃,160 ℃,150 ℃,150 ℃ and 160 ℃ and glass fibers are added from the sixth barrel.
(4) And the black lower-layer light-absorbing material master batch is subjected to single-screw injection molding, and the single-screw injection molding temperature is 190-210 ℃ to obtain the lower-layer light-absorbing material.
(5) And (3) carrying out laser welding on the upper light-transmitting material and the lower light-absorbing material under a certain clamping force, and cooling to obtain the polylactic acid laser welding assembly.
(6) And then annealing the polylactic acid laser welding component at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ for 3-5 min to obtain the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser.
It should be noted that: the preparation method of comparative example 3 differs from that of the example in that: the infrared-transmitting organic black powder is added by adopting an external mixing injection molding method, wherein the external mixing injection molding method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing other raw material components, extruding and granulating by using double screws, uniformly mixing the infrared-transmitting organic black powder with the natural color upper layer master batch, and performing single screw injection molding. The infrared-transmitting organic black powder in the comparative example 3 is added by a method of passing through a machine, wherein the infrared-transmitting organic black powder is directly mixed with other raw material components uniformly, and then added into a double-screw extruder for extrusion granulation, and master batch injection molding is carried out, namely the preparation method of the comparative example 3 is different from the preparation method of the above-mentioned examples in that: comparative example 3 in step (1), infrared-transmitting organic black powder is directly added into a double-screw extruder, and after the infrared-transmitting organic black powder and other components are melted and extruded by the double-screw extruder, cooling and granulating are carried out, so that black upper-layer light-transmitting material master batch is obtained; in the step (2), directly carrying out single-screw injection molding on the black upper layer light-transmitting material master batch to obtain the upper layer light-transmitting material.
The materials prepared in examples and comparative examples were subjected to the test of the relevant index, and the test results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
Figure SMS_3
Figure SMS_4
Wherein, the luminousness test: the thickness of the sample is 2mm, and the wavelength of the test is 1064nm; the welding mode is to use a flame-retardant sample strip with upper and lower layers, and weld the sample strip at a speed of 1000mm/s under the action of laser and a certain clamping force at a power of 16W, wherein the specification of the flame-retardant strip is 125 x 13 x 1.6mm, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the clamping force is 5bar, and the welding seam is 15 x 5mm; the welding strength test method is that the welded flame-retardant strip is subjected to a tensile test on a stretcher until a maximum tensile strength force value of the whole process is obtained after a sample is broken, wherein the tensile speed is 5 mm/min.
From the test results in table 2, it can be seen that:
in the embodiments 1-3, the upper layer light-transmitting material and the lower layer light-absorbing material respectively use polylactic acid with specific proportions and specific melting points, and meanwhile, the upper layer light-transmitting material and the lower layer light-absorbing material limit specific raw material components to be in specific proportions, and a certain amount of organic infrared-transmitting black powder is added by matching with a method of external mixing injection molding, so that the prepared black laser-weldable polylactic acid plastic component can maintain good light transmittance and welding strength while glass fiber reinforcement is carried out.
The comparison results of the examples and the comparative examples show that:
example 1 differs from comparative example 1 in that the addition amounts of the infrared-transmitting organic black powder and the carbon black in example 1 are within the limits defined herein, and the addition amounts of the infrared-transmitting organic black powder and the carbon black in comparative example 1 are below the limits defined herein; the weld strength of comparative example 1 was significantly reduced compared to example 1, indicating that the amount of carbon black added and the amount of infrared transmitting organic black powder should not be too small (below the limits defined herein), otherwise the light absorption capacity of the underlying light absorbing layer would be insufficient and the weld strength would be reduced.
The difference between example 1 and comparative example 2 is that the addition amounts of the infrared transmitting organic black powder and the carbon black in example 1 are within the limits defined in the present application, and the addition amounts of the infrared transmitting organic black powder and the carbon black in comparative example 2 are higher than the limits defined in the present application; the weld strength and light transmittance of comparative example 2 were significantly reduced compared to example 1, indicating that the amount of carbon black added and the amount of infrared transmitting organic black powder were not too high (above the limits defined herein), and that excessive infrared transmitting organic black powder resulted in a reduction in the light transmittance of the upper light transmitting material and a reduction in the weld strength.
The difference between example 1 and comparative example 3 is that the infrared transmitting organic black powder in example 1 was added by external mixing injection molding, whereas the infrared transmitting organic black powder in comparative example 3 was added without external mixing, and was mixed with other components directly and added to a twin screw extruder; the decrease in both light transmittance and weld strength in comparative example 3, compared to example 1, demonstrates that the addition of infrared transmitting organic black powder by the over-molded method can increase weld strength and light transmittance.
Comparative example 4 a nucleating agent was added to the upper light transmitting material on the basis of example 1, and the test result showed a decrease in both the weld strength and light transmittance in comparative example 4. Since the nucleating agent has the effect of increasing the crystallinity, the loss is increased when laser passes through, and meanwhile, the energy required by melting the material is increased, so that the welding strength is reduced, and then the organic toner in the comparative example 3 is supposed to be uniformly dispersed, the nucleating agent is used, so that the crystallinity is increased, the welding strength is reduced, and the problem is exactly solved by the external mixing injection molding method.
Example 1 and comparative example 5 are different in that polylactic acid having different melting points is used for the upper light-transmitting material and the lower light-absorbing material in example 1, respectively, and polylactic acid having the same melting point is used for the upper light-transmitting material and the lower light-absorbing material in comparative example 5; the weld strength of example 1 was improved as compared to comparative example 5, indicating that the weld joint was able to fuse better and also improved when the melting point of the light absorbing layer was lower than that of the light transmitting layer.
Example 1 and comparative example 6 are different in that the addition amount of glass fiber in example 1 is within the limits defined herein, and that the addition amount of glass fiber in comparative example 6 exceeds the limits defined herein; in comparative example 6, the light transmittance was low and the welding was dropped, while in example 1, the good welding strength and light transmittance were maintained, which means that too much glass fiber was added (exceeding the limit of the present application), which easily resulted in too low light transmittance and failure to perform laser welding.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser has the advantages that the upper layer light-transmitting material and the lower layer light-absorbing material are respectively selected from two polylactic acid raw material components with specific melting points and different melting points, meanwhile, the upper layer light-transmitting material and the lower layer light-absorbing material limit the specific raw material components to be mixed in a specific ratio, and a certain amount of organic infrared-transmitting black powder is added by using a method of external mixing injection molding, so that the glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component can be reinforced by glass fibers and simultaneously maintain good light transmittance and welding strength.
It is specifically noted that ESO as described herein is epoxidized soybean oil, ATBC is acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, and TBC is tributyl citrate.
In addition, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that although many problems exist in the prior art, each embodiment or technical solution of the present invention may be modified in only one or several respects, without having to solve all technical problems listed in the prior art or the background art at the same time. Those skilled in the art will understand that nothing in one claim should be taken as a limitation on that claim.
In summary, the specific parameters or some common reagents or raw materials in the above embodiments are specific embodiments or preferred embodiments under the concept of the present invention, and are not limiting; and can be adaptively adjusted by those skilled in the art within the concept and the protection scope of the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser is characterized in that: the film structure comprises an upper layer of light-transmitting material and a lower layer of light-absorbing material;
the upper layer light-transmitting material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, an antioxidant, a surface modifier and infrared-transmitting organic black powder; the melting point of the polylactic acid of the upper layer light-transmitting material is 155-170 ℃;
the lower layer light absorption material comprises polylactic acid, a plasticizer, glass fiber, a coupling agent, a surface modifier, an antioxidant and carbon black; the melting point of the polylactic acid of the lower layer light absorbing material is 145-160 ℃.
2. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein:
the upper layer light-transmitting material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75.7-99 parts of polylactic acid, 0.4-2 parts of plasticizer, 0-20 parts of glass fiber, 0-0.4 part of coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of surface modifier and 0.2-0.4 part of infrared transmitting organic black powder.
3. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein:
the lower layer light absorbing material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75.5-99 parts of polylactic acid, 0.4-2 parts of plasticizer, 0-20 parts of glass fiber, 0-0.4 part of coupling agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.2-1 part of surface modifier and 0.2-0.6 part of carbon black.
4. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein: the plasticizer is one or more combinations of ESO, ATBC, TBC.
5. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein: the glass fiber is alkali-free chopped glass fiber with the diameter of 8-20um and the length of 2-3 mm.
6. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein: the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
7. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein: the antioxidant is one or a combination of more of tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester and tri [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite.
8. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein: the surface modifier is an amide lubricant and/or a stearic acid lubricant.
9. The black, laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component of claim 1, wherein: the infrared transmitting organic black toner is black infrared transmitting organic toner and/or black organic toner prepared by using three primary colors.
10. A method for preparing a black laser-weldable glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s100, uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the antioxidant and the surfactant according to a certain proportion, adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder from a main feeding port, adding the glass fiber into the double-screw extruder from a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating after melt extrusion of the double-screw extruder to obtain a primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch;
s200, uniformly mixing the primary color upper layer light-transmitting material master batch and the infrared-transmitting organic black powder according to a certain proportion, and performing single-screw injection molding to obtain the upper layer light-transmitting material;
s300, uniformly mixing the polylactic acid, the plasticizer, the antioxidant, the surfactant and the carbon black according to a certain proportion according to a component formula of the lower-layer light absorbing material, adding the mixture into a main feeding port, adding glass fibers into a double-screw extruder through a side feeding port, and cooling and granulating after melt extrusion through the double-screw extruder to obtain black lower-layer light absorbing material master batch;
s400, performing single-screw injection molding on the black lower-layer light-absorbing material master batch to obtain the lower-layer light-absorbing material;
s500, performing laser welding on an upper light-transmitting material and a lower light-absorbing material under a certain clamping force, and cooling to obtain a polylactic acid laser welding assembly;
and S600, annealing the polylactic acid laser welding assembly at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ for 3-5 min to obtain the black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic assembly capable of being welded by laser.
CN202310144350.4A 2023-02-21 2023-02-21 Black glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid plastic component capable of being welded by laser and preparation method thereof Pending CN116278257A (en)

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