CN116273001A - Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 Preparation method and application of (C) - Google Patents

Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 Preparation method and application of (C) Download PDF

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CN116273001A
CN116273001A CN202211494595.1A CN202211494595A CN116273001A CN 116273001 A CN116273001 A CN 116273001A CN 202211494595 A CN202211494595 A CN 202211494595A CN 116273001 A CN116273001 A CN 116273001A
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nitrophenol
copper
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买丽丹·吾马尔
王吉德
陈廷祥
热依木古丽·阿布都拉
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Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/75—Cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16—Reducing
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

The invention relates to a Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 The preparation method uses different copper salts as copper sources, and synthesizes Cu-CuO/Co (OH) with micro-nano structure by a hydrothermal precipitation method and a roasting method 2 The composite heterogeneous catalyst can directly convert 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol in an excessive sodium borohydride aqueous solution. The 4-nitrophenol which is toxic is catalyzed and reduced by copper or copper oxide nano particles to be an important industrial intermediate 4-aminophenol, and is effective for environmental remediation and pollutant removalThe method.

Description

Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 Preparation method and application of (C)
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous sodium borohydride solution 2 According to the preparation method and application of the catalyst, different copper salts are used as copper sources, and a composite catalyst Cu-CuO/Co (OH) with a micro-nano structure is synthesized through a hydrothermal precipitation method and a roasting method 2 。
Background
With the rapid development of modern industrialization, the problem of environmental pollution has become a serious threat to human survival and development. And the water pollution has the most direct, serious and long-term influence on human beings. The pollutants in the wastewater are mostly organic pollutants such as phenol, nitro compounds, organic chlorine-containing compounds, fluorine-containing compounds, aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds and the like. The 4-nitrophenol has stable chemical property, has three effects of carcinogenesis, teratogenicity and mutagenesis on human and other organisms, and seriously damages ecological environment and human health. Therefore, how to eliminate 4-nitrophenol in water has become a focus of international attention.
The water treatment techniques commonly used at present are physical adsorption, biological and chemical methods. Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol has proven to be one of the most efficient and practical methods.
The method can not only eliminate various nitrophenol pollutants in the wastewater, but also convert toxic 4-nitrophenol into useful chemical intermediate 4-aminophenol. Heterogeneous catalysis is a promising technology for removing organic and inorganic pollutants in water. The method has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, capability of being carried out under the conditions of ambient temperature and pressure, capability of completely degrading pollutants into products which are safe to the environment under the proper conditions, and is a preferable method compared with other traditional wastewater treatment methods. With the continuous development of nano technology and the superior properties of multiphase nano materials in the aspects of light, electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics and the like, bimetallic nano particles are widely concerned due to the unique catalytic performance, and the catalytic performance is greatly different from that of single metal due to the synergistic effect between two metals, and the multiphase nano composite catalyst is utilized to catalyze and reduce 4-nitrophenol only by adding a catalyst and a reducing agent, so that the bimetallic nano particle has the advantages of low cost, repeated recycling, economy and sustainability.
The invention synthesizes Cu-CuO/Co (OH) with micro-nano structure by using different copper salts as copper sources through a hydrothermal precipitation method and a roasting method 2 . The catalyst has excellent performance of catalyzing and reducing 4-nitrophenol, and can be completed in excessive sodium borohydride water solutionThe catalyst is catalyzed, and no chemical solvent is needed to be added. The catalyst has the advantages of simple synthesis method, environment friendliness, no toxicity and harm by mainly taking harmless copper salt as a copper donor, and easy recycling by adding magnetic iron oxide and magnetic cobalt oxide. And the micro-nano composite catalyst/sodium borohydride system used for chemically catalyzing and reducing 4-nitrophenol has excellent catalytic reduction performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 The preparation method uses different copper salts as copper sources, and synthesizes Cu-CuO/Co (OH) with micro-nano structure by a hydrothermal precipitation method and a roasting method 2 Composite heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of excess sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) The aqueous solution can directly convert 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol. The catalytic reduction of toxic 4-nitrophenol by copper or copper oxide nano particles is an important industrial intermediate 4-aminophenol, and is an effective method for environmental remediation and pollutant removal.
The invention relates to Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalyzing and reducing 4-nitrophenol 2 The preparation method adopts copper acetate, copper nitrate, copper sulfate and copper chloride as Cu II Is provided;
cobalt chloride hexahydrate and cobalt acetate tetrahydrate are used as Co (OH) 2 Is provided;
sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are used as precipitants, cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 The amount of (C) used is 1-200mg.
Sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate are taken as oxidizing agents, and the use amount is 10-300mg;
hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and ammonium bisulfide are used as reducing agents, and the dosage of the reducing agents is 10-300mL or 10-300mg; the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. adding copper acetate, copper nitrate, copper chloride or copper sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide into glycol, stirring for dissolving, dripping excessive hydrazine hydrate, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. adding nano Cu obtained in the step b and oxidant sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate into precipitant sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, mixing, stirring for 12 hours to obtain black brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifuging, collecting, and vacuum drying for 10 hours;
d. c, ultrasonically dispersing the black brown powder obtained in the step c in water and ethanol solution, and adding the black brown powder under stirring after ultrasonic treatment for 1 h; polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30, stirring for 30min, adding cobalt chloride hexahydrate or cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, stirring for 10min, dripping sodium persulfate into the suspension, and stirring until the color of the suspension changes from red to green. Washing with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, vacuum drying at 40deg.C for 12 hr, and collecting Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in water, adding 4-nitrophenol solution, adding reducing agent hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or ammonium bisulfide, and obtaining Cu-CuO/Co (OH) after reaction 2 。
Cu-CuO/Co (OH) obtained by the method 2 Use in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, an environmental contaminant, to 4-aminophenol, an industrial intermediate.
The invention relates to Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalyzing and reducing 4-nitrophenol 2 The preparation method of (2) comprises the following steps:
copper acetate (Cu (CH) 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O), copper nitrate (Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O), copper chloride (CuCl) 2 ·2H 2 O); with cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl) 2 ·6H 2 O), cobalt acetate tetrahydrate ((CH) 3 COO) 2 Co·4H 2 O); respectively reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), completes the reaction in aqueous solution, and is transferred into a high-pressure reaction kettle for closed roasting to obtain the micro-nano structured composite catalyst Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cu-CuO/Co (OH) will be prepared 2 (1-200 mg) is dispersed in 4-nitrophenol solution (concentration is 14-300 mg/L) dissolved with reducing agent hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and ammonium bisulfide, and the volume of the 4-nitrophenol solution is 10-200mLThe environmental pollutant 4-nitrophenol is catalytically reduced into an industrial intermediate 4-aminophenol.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Cu-CuO/Co (OH) prepared according to the present invention 2 Scanning electron microscope images of (2);
FIG. 2 shows Cu-CuO/Co (OH) prepared according to the present invention 2 Is a transmission electron microscope image;
FIG. 3 shows Cu-CuO/Co (OH) prepared according to the present invention 2 Ultraviolet-visible spectrum of catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Cu-CuO/Co(OH) 2 Is prepared from the following steps:
a. weighing 80.7mg of copper acetate and 100.9mg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, adding into 300mL of ethylene glycol, stirring for dissolution, dropwise adding excessive hydrazine hydrate into the mixture, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. 200.0mg of nano Cu and 10.6g of oxidant Na obtained in the step b 2 S 2 O 8 Adding into 200.0ml of 1mol/L precipitator NaOH aqueous solution, mixing, stirring for 12h to obtain black brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifuging, collecting, and vacuum drying for 10h;
d. dispersing 125.00mg of the black brown powder obtained in the step c into 65.0ml of water and 65.0ml of ethanol solution by ultrasonic treatment, adding 1.9g of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 by stirring after ultrasonic treatment for 1h, stirring for 30min, and adding 95.50mg of CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, stirring was continued for 10min, 100.0g,1.0mol/L Na 2 S 2 O 3 Dropping into the suspension, stirring until the color of the suspension changes from red to green, washing with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, vacuum drying at 40deg.C for 12 hr, and adding 30mg Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in 90mL of water, adding 100mL of 200 mg/L4-nitrophenol solution, adding 230mg of NaBH 4 After 8 minutes, the reaction is finished to obtain Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2
Example 2
a. 161.4mg of copper nitrate and 200.0mg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide are weighed and added into 300mL of ethylene glycol, stirred and dissolved, excessive sodium borohydride is added dropwise into the mixture, and stirring is continued for 1h, so as to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. 200.0mg of nano Cu obtained in the step b and 10.6g of Na as an oxidant 2 S 2 O 8 Adding into 200.0ml of 1mol/L precipitator NaOH aqueous solution, stirring for 12h to obtain black brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifuging, collecting, and vacuum drying for 10h;
d. dispersing 125.00mg of the black brown powder obtained in the step c into 65.0ml of water and 65.0ml of ethanol solution by ultrasonic treatment, adding 1.9g of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 by stirring after ultrasonic treatment for 1h, stirring for 30min, and adding 95.50mg of CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, continuing stirring for 10min; 55.8g of 1.0mol/L potassium persulfate was added dropwise to the suspension, stirring was continued until the color of the suspension changed from red to green, washing with distilled water and ethanol 3 times, drying at 40℃for 12 hours under vacuum, and 70mg of Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in 100mL of water, adding 200mL of 4-nitrophenol solution with the concentration of 100mg/L, and adding 160mgNaBH as a reducing agent 4 After 6 minutes, the reaction is finished to obtain Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 。
Example 3
a. 120mg of copper chloride and 200.0mg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide are weighed and added into 30mL of ethylene glycol, and are stirred and dissolved, and excessive hydrazine hydrate is added dropwise into the mixture, and stirring is continued for 1h, so as to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. 200.0mg of nano Cu obtained in the step b and 10.6g of Na as an oxidant 2 S 2 O 8 Adding into precipitant 200.0ml,1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution for 12h to obtain a dark brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifugally collecting, and drying in vacuum for 10h;
dispersing 125.00mg of the black brown powder obtained in the step c into 65.0ml of water and 65.0ml of ethanol solution by ultrasonic treatment, adding 1.9g of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 by stirring for 30min after ultrasonic treatment for 1h, adding 95.50mg of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, continuously stirring for 10min, and adding 80.8g of 1.0mol/L Na 2 S 2 O 3 Dropping into the suspension, stirring until the color of the suspension changes from red to green, washing with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, vacuum drying at 40deg.C for 12 hr, and adding 40mg Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in 80mL of water, adding 50mL of a solution of 4-nitrophenol with a concentration of 100mg/L, adding 160mgNaBH 4 After 5 minutes, the reaction is finished, and Cu-CuO/Co (OH) is obtained 2 。
Example 4
a. 100mg of copper chloride and 130.0mg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide are weighed and added into 200mL of ethylene glycol, and are stirred and dissolved, and excessive hydrazine hydrate is added dropwise into the mixture, and stirring is continued for 1h, so as to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. 200.0mg of nano Cu and 10.6g of oxidant Na obtained in the step b 2 S 2 O 8 Adding into 200.0ml of 1mol/LKOH aqueous solution, stirring for 12h to obtain black brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifuging, collecting, and vacuum drying for 10h;
dispersing 125.00mg of the black brown powder obtained in the step c into 65.0ml of water and 65.0ml of ethanol solution by ultrasound for 1h, adding 1.9g of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 under stirring for 30min, adding 95.50mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, continuing stirring for 10min, dripping 25.810g of 1.0mol/L of potassium persulfate into the suspension, continuing stirring until the color of the suspension is changed from red to green, washing 3 times by distilled water and ethanol, drying at 40 ℃ for 12h under vacuum, and adding 40mg of Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 DispersingIn 80mL of water, 100mL of 4-nitrophenol solution with the concentration of 150mg/L is added, and 160mg of NaBH of reducer is added 4 After 7 minutes, the reaction is finished to obtain Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 。
Example 5
a. Weighing 80.7mg of copper acetate and 100.9mg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, adding into 300mL of ethylene glycol, stirring for dissolution, dropwise adding excessive ammonium bisulfide into the mixture, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. 200.0mg of nano Cu obtained in the step b and 10.6g of Na as an oxidant 2 S 2 O 8 Adding into 200.0ml of a precipitant, 1mol/L KOH aqueous solution, stirring for 12 hours to obtain a dark brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifugally collecting, and drying in vacuum for 10 hours;
d. dispersing 14.00mg of the black brown powder obtained in the step c into 50.0ml of water and 65.0ml of ethanol solution, adding 1.9g of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 under stirring after ultrasonic treatment for 1h, stirring for 30min, adding 55.5mg of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, continuing stirring for 10min, adding 25.810g of 1.0mol/L of potassium persulfate into the suspension, continuing stirring until the color of the suspension is changed from red to green, washing 3 times with distilled water and ethanol, drying at 40 ℃ for 12h under vacuum, and drying 10mg of Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in 30mL of water, adding 50mL of a solution of 4-nitrophenol with a concentration of 100mg/L, adding 200mgNaBH 4 After 4 minutes, the reaction is finished to obtain Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 。
Example 6
a. Weighing 80.4mg of copper nitrate and 100.0mg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, adding into 200mL of ethylene glycol, stirring for dissolution, dropwise adding excessive ammonium bisulfide into the mixture, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours at 180 ℃, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. 100.0mg of nano Cu obtained in the step b and 10.6g of Na as an oxidant 2 S 2 O 8 Adding into 100.0ml of 1mol/L NaOH aqueous solution of a precipitator, stirring for 12 hours to obtain a dark brown precipitate in situ, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifugally collecting, and drying in vacuum for 10 hours;
d. dispersing the black brown powder obtained in the step c in 65.0ml of water and 65.0ml of ethanol solution by ultrasonic treatment for 1h, adding 1.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 under stirring, stirring for 30min, and adding 65.50mg of CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, stirring for 10min, adding 200.8g,0.5mol/L Na 2 S 2 O 3 Dropping into the suspension, stirring until the color of the suspension changes from red to green, washing with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, vacuum drying at 40deg.C for 12 hr, and adding 10mg Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in 10mL water, adding into 100 mg/L4-nitrophenol solution, adding 120mgNaBH 4 After 5 minutes, the reaction is finished, and Cu-CuO/Co (OH) is obtained 2 。
Example 7
Cu-CuO/Co (OH) of any one of examples 1 to 6 2 The reduction of a solution of 4-nitrophenol (100 mg/L) in the contaminant at room temperature of between 25℃and 30℃of 10mg shows a higher catalytic performance, indicating that: the purpose of converting the pollutant 4-nitrophenol into important chemical intermediate 4-aminophenol is achieved under mild reaction conditions.

Claims (2)

1. Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 The preparation method is characterized in that copper acetate, copper nitrate, copper sulfate and copper chloride are used as Cu II Is provided;
cobalt chloride hexahydrate and cobalt acetate tetrahydrate are used as Co (OH) 2 Is provided;
sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are used as precipitants, cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 The amount of (C) used is 1-200mg.
Sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate are taken as oxidizing agents, and the use amount is 10-300mg;
hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and ammonium bisulfide are used as reducing agents, and the dosage of the reducing agents is 10-300mL or 10-300mg; the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. adding copper acetate, copper nitrate, copper chloride or copper sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide into ethylene glycol, stirring for dissolving, dripping excessive hydrazine hydrate, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
b. transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step a into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting at 180 ℃ for 6h, centrifuging, and respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain brick red nano Cu;
c. adding nano Cu obtained in the step b and oxidant sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate into precipitant sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, mixing, stirring for 12h to obtain black brown precipitate, washing the precipitate with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, centrifuging, collecting, and vacuum drying for 10h;
d. dispersing the black brown precipitate obtained in step c in water and ethanol solution by ultrasonic treatment, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 under stirring after ultrasonic treatment of 1. 1h, stirring for 30min, adding cobalt chloride hexahydrate or cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, stirring for 10min, dripping sodium persulfate into the suspension, stirring until the color of the suspension changes from red to green, washing with distilled water and ethanol for 3 times, vacuum drying at 40deg.C for 12 hr, and collecting Cu-CuO/Co (OH) 2 Dispersing in water, adding 4-nitrophenol solution, adding reducing agent hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or ammonium bisulfide, and obtaining Cu-CuO/Co (OH) after reaction 2 。
2. A Cu-CuO/Co (OH) obtained by the method of claim 1 2 Use in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, an environmental contaminant, to 4-aminophenol, an industrial intermediate.
CN202211494595.1A 2022-11-25 2022-11-25 Cu-CuO/Co (OH) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2 Preparation method and application of (C) Pending CN116273001A (en)

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