CN116267598B - Hormone treatment method for improving wheat haploid embryo yield - Google Patents
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 241001024327 Oenanthe <Aves> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009703 powder rolling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000005631 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000408 embryogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150078951 mai-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
- A01H1/08—Methods for producing changes in chromosome number
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/021—Methods of breeding using interspecific crosses, i.e. interspecies crosses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a hormone treatment method for improving embryo yield of wheat haploids, which comprises the steps of picking up emasculated wheat ears, taking the wheat ears back to a laboratory, intensively spraying 75-100 mg/L gibberellin (GA 3) solution, placing the wheat ears at a ventilation place for 2-3 hours, collecting fresh corn pollen after the wheat ears are dried, intensively pollinating the wheat ears by a powder rolling method, inserting the fresh corn pollen into a nutrient solution, placing the wheat ears into a climatic chamber for in-vitro culture, intensively spraying 100mg/L2,4-D solution after 24 hours, and culturing the wheat ears for 14 days. According to the invention, 100mg/L gibberellin (GA 3) is sprayed before wheat emasculation and pollination is carried out, and the ear cutting in vitro culture technology is combined, so that pollination and hormone treatment are changed from ear-by-ear operation in the ground into indoor batch operation, the hormone treatment efficiency is improved, and the wheat haploid embryo yield is improved by 10%. By combining the scion-cutting in-vitro culture technology and through efficient hormone treatment before pollination, the embryo yield of the wheat haploid can be remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural hybridization, in particular to a hormone treatment method for improving the embryo yield of a wheat haploid.
Background
The breeding method of the wheat haploid is a breeding method for producing a wheat haploid plant by utilizing a related induction technology, and obtaining a homozygous diploid pure line with the same total genes through artificial or natural doubling, so that the plant is recovered to normal fertility, and a new stable variety or strain of the wheat is obtained rapidly. The wheat DH breeding technology can obtain stable homozygous breeding materials in one generation, and has the outstanding advantages of fast fixing heterosis, expanding gene resources, shortening breeding process and the like. Among them, the technology of wheat x corn induction generation of wheat haploids has been continuously and intensively studied and improved over 30 years, and is one of the ways of generating wheat haploids with the highest efficiency.
At present, the key problems that restrict the wide application of the technology in wheat breeding are that the haploid embryo induction efficiency is low and the stability is poor. Because the endosperm of the hybridized caryopsis is severely aborted, hormone treatment is carried out after pollination, which is a necessary condition for obtaining haploid embryo, and different hormones, concentrations, treatment time and treatment modes have obvious influence on embryo yield (which means the percentage of the number of wheat haploid embryo to the number of pollinated flowers). The hormone treatment method comprises the following steps: internode injection, floret instillation, ear dipping and hybrid ear spraying. The former two methods are time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the ear dipping treatment method increases the humidity of the ears and is easy to cause the pollution of hybrid ear mould. The most commonly used methods of hormone treatment are: after pollination for 24 hours, 100mg/L of 2,4-D solution is sprayed, and the embryo yield is higher.
However, because the conventional hybrid spike naturally grows in the ground, the spike-by-spike pollination is needed, and the hormone is sprayed on the spike-by-spike after 24 hours. The method is only suitable for experimental study with less hybrid ears, when the wheat DH breeding technology is developed in batches on production, more than 1000 hybrid ears can be produced daily, if the wheat DH breeding technology pollinates in the field in a spike-by-spike mode and sprays hormones in a spike-by-spike mode, the wheat DH breeding technology is not only obviously affected by weather conditions, but also needs a large amount of manpower and material resources, and the large-scale production efficiency of the wheat DH breeding technology is restricted.
The wheat haploid embryo which is stable can be obtained by in vitro culture of the hybrid spike in a constant indoor environment, and is obviously superior to natural growth under the conventional field hybridization method. The in vitro culture of scion cutting is used as a great improvement measure of the wheat X corn hybridization induced haploid technology, has remarkable effect and is one of key factors for promoting research to application. However, the culture process after cutting the ear is particularly important, and the ear culture solution formula, the culture conditions, the culture time and the like can influence the glume setting rate and the embryo yield of the wheat haploid. The in vitro culture of the cutting spike can realize batch pollination and hormone treatment of the hybrid spike, greatly improve the working efficiency, and obtain stable wheat haploid embryo yield in a stable growth environment.
Hormone treatment is a necessary condition for obtaining a wheat haploid, researches mainly focus on the influence of different hormones, concentrations and treatment methods on the embryo yield after pollination, but the influence of hormone spraying treatment before pollination on the embryo yield is rarely reported. Therefore, by combining with the technology of 'cutting in vitro culture' of hybrid ears, an efficient hormone treatment method before pollination is developed, and the method has important practical significance for further improving the embryo yield of wheat haploids, in particular to genotype materials with low embryo yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hormone treatment method for improving the embryo yield of a wheat haploid, which can obviously improve the embryo yield of the wheat haploid through efficient hormone treatment before pollination by combining a scion in vitro culture technology.
According to an object of the present invention, there is provided a hormone treatment method for increasing the embryo yield of a haploid wheat, comprising the steps of:
step one:
after the wheat is emasculated, the head of the base of the spike is scattered in a feather shape, sheared along the root of the ground, put into a water bucket filled with the purified water and brought back to a laboratory;
step two:
collecting all wheat ears, spraying GA3 in mist form by using a spray can, and treating 100-300 ears at one time;
step three:
after GA3 treatment, 50 ears/barrel of wheat ears are placed into a barrel containing nutrient solution, the barrel is placed at a ventilation position for 2-3 hours, after the wheat ears are dried, corn pollen is taught by a rolling method, and the wheat ears are placed into an illumination incubator after pollination is completed.
Further, the method also comprises the step four:
and (3) spraying 100mg/L2, 4-D24 h after pollination, and placing the mixture into an incubator for culturing for 14D after the pollination is completed.
Further, in the second step, the concentration is 100mg/L; the preparation method comprises the following steps: 100mgGA3 is weighed and put into 10ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, and distilled water is fixed to volume to 1 after gibberellin is dissolved.
Further, in the third step, the temperature of the illumination incubator is 23 ℃, the humidity is 80%, the illumination intensity is 10000Lx, and the illumination time is 14 h/10 h in darkness.
Advantageous effects
According to the invention, 100mg/L gibberellin (GA 3) is sprayed before wheat emasculation and pollination is carried out, and the ear cutting in vitro culture technology is combined, so that pollination and hormone treatment are changed from ear-by-ear operation in the ground into indoor batch operation, the hormone treatment efficiency is improved, and the wheat haploid embryo yield is improved by 10%. By combining the scion-cutting in-vitro culture technology and through efficient hormone treatment before pollination, the embryo yield of the wheat haploid can be remarkably improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," etc. are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
A hormone treatment method for improving the embryo yield of wheat haploids is characterized in that 100mg/L gibberellin (GA 3) is sprayed before wheat emasculation and pollination, and the ear cutting in vitro culture technology is combined, so that pollination and hormone treatment are changed from ear-by-ear operation in the ground into indoor batch operation, the hormone treatment efficiency is improved, and the embryo yield of the wheat haploids is improved by 10%.
Specifically, the invention comprises the following steps:
1) After the wheat is emasculated, the head of the base of the spike is scattered in a feather shape, sheared along the root of the ground, put into a water bucket filled with the purified water and brought back to a laboratory;
2) Collecting all wheat ears, spraying GA3 in mist form by using a spray can, and treating 100-300 ears at one time; the concentration is 100mg/L; the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 100mg of GA3, putting into 10ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, and after gibberellin is dissolved, determining the volume of distilled water to 1;
3) After GA3 treatment, placing wheat ears into a barrel containing nutrient solution according to 50 ears/barrel, placing the barrel at a ventilation position for 2-3 hours, after the wheat ears are dried, feeding corn pollen by a rolling powder method, and placing the wheat ears into an illumination incubator (the temperature is 23 ℃, the humidity is 80%, the illumination intensity is 10000Lx, and the illumination time is 14 hours/10 hours in darkness) after pollination is finished;
4) And (3) spraying 100mg/L2, 4-D24 h after pollination, and placing the mixture into an incubator for culturing for 14D after the pollination is completed.
It should be understood that the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity of the illumination incubator in the step 4) and the step 3) of the present invention are not the core content of the method, but specific requirements are specifically required for the step 3) and the step 4) to ensure the integrity and operability of the hormone treatment method, and the core content of the method is that gibberellin (GA 3) is treated in batches before pollination, so that the embryo yield of all wheat materials can be significantly improved.
Example 2
7-8 months in 2020, using a cloud wheat 101DH system as a material, spraying 2,4-D and GA3 with different concentrations 2h before pollination to influence the embryogenic rate of Yun Mai. The specific operation steps are as follows:
1) After the cloud wheat 101 is heading and before flowering, the stamens of the cloud wheat are manually removed and then bagging is carried out, and whether the stigmas of the cloud wheat are scattered is checked in 2-3 d;
2) Randomly selecting the castrated cloud wheat 101 with about 100 ears of fully dispersed stigmas, cutting off the roots of the ground, putting the cloud wheat into a bucket containing clean water, and carrying the cloud wheat back to a laboratory;
3) Loading GA3 and 2,4-D with different concentrations prepared in advance into different spray cans, dividing the collected wheat ears into 9 parts, spraying no hormone on one part, spraying different hormones with different concentrations on the other 8 parts, and making labels;
4) After GA3 and 2,4-D are sprayed, a barrel filled with the treated wheat ears is placed at a ventilation position for natural drying, and after 2 hours of drying, the wheat ears are transferred into a barrel filled with nutrient solution according to 50 ears/barrel and placed in an incubator (the temperature is 23 ℃, the humidity is 80%, the illumination intensity is 10000Lx, and the illumination duration is 14 hours/10 hours in darkness);
5) After the wheat ears are dried, the corn pollen is taught by a rolling method (the wheat ears are put in the collected corn pollen for shaking for 1-2 times);
6) After pollination is complete, cultivation in the incubator is continued for 14d, wherein the nutrient solution is changed once at 7d after pollination.
The test results are counted in Table 1, and it can be seen from the results that the GA3 is sprayed for 2 hours before pollination, the embryo yield can be obviously improved by 11.24% compared with the control (no hormone is sprayed before pollination), but the embryo yield is not improved by 2,4-D treatment and other concentrations of GA3, and even the embryo yield is reduced compared with the control.
In addition, 100mg/LGA3 treatment also improved caryopsis thousand grain weight and caryopsis setting rate.
TABLE influence of GA3 and 2,4-D spraying 2h before 12020 years pollination on embryo yield
Example 3
2021, 6-7 months, using the Yunmai 52DH system as a material, spraying the influence of 2,4-D and GA3 with different concentrations on the embryogenic rate of Yun Mai 2 hours before pollination. The specific operation steps are as follows:
1) After the cloud wheat 52 is heading and before flowering, the stamens of the cloud wheat are manually removed and then bagging is carried out, and whether the stigmas of the cloud wheat are scattered is checked in 2-3 d;
2) Randomly selecting the castrated wheat 52 with about 100 ears of fully dispersed stigmas, cutting off the root of the ground, putting the wheat into a bucket containing clean water, and carrying the wheat back to a laboratory;
3) Loading GA3 and 2,4-D with different concentrations prepared in advance into different spray cans, dividing the collected wheat ears into 9 parts, spraying no hormone on one part, spraying different hormones with different concentrations on the other 8 parts, and making labels;
4) After GA3 and 2,4-D are sprayed, a barrel filled with the wheat ears is placed at a ventilation position for natural drying, after 2 hours of drying, the wheat ears are transferred into a barrel filled with nutrient solution according to 30 ears/barrel and placed in an incubator (the temperature is 23 ℃, the humidity is 80%, the illumination intensity is 10000Lx, and the illumination duration is 14 hours/10 hours in darkness);
7) After the wheat ears are dried, the corn pollen is taught by a rolling method (the wheat ears are put in the collected corn pollen for shaking for 1-2 times);
8) After pollination is complete, cultivation in the incubator is continued for 14d, wherein the nutrient solution is changed once at 7d after pollination.
The test results are counted in Table 2, and from the results, the GA3 is sprayed for 2 hours before pollination, the embryo yield can be obviously improved, compared with the control (no hormone is sprayed before pollination), the embryo yield is improved by 11.07%, other concentrations of the 2,4-D treatment and the GA3 are not improved except 25mg/L2 and 4-D, and the embryo yield is also reduced compared with the control.
In addition, 100mg/LGA3 treatment also improved caryopsis thousand grain weight and caryopsis setting rate.
TABLE 2 influence of GA3 and 2,4-D spraying 2h before 2021 annual pollination on embryo yield
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat doubled haploid breeding. The specific operation steps are as follows: the emasculated wheat cutting is retrieved from a laboratory, concentrated spraying of 75-100 mg/L gibberellin (GA 3) solution is carried out, the wheat cutting is placed in a ventilation place for 2-3 hours, fresh corn pollen is collected after the wheat cutting is dried, the wheat cutting is concentrated and pollinated by a 'rolling method', the wheat cutting is inserted into a nutrient solution and placed in a climatic chamber for in-vitro culture, after 24 hours, 100mg/L2,4-D solution is concentrated, and the wheat cutting is cultured in the climatic chamber for 14 days. By combining the scion-cutting in-vitro culture technology and through efficient hormone treatment before pollination, the embryo yield of the wheat haploid can be remarkably improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A hormone treatment method for improving the embryo yield of a wheat haploid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one:
after the wheat is emasculated, the head of the base of the spike is scattered in a feather shape, sheared along the root of the ground, put into a water bucket filled with the purified water and brought back to a laboratory;
step two:
collecting all wheat ears, spraying GA with spray kettle 3 Spraying treatment, wherein 100-300 ears can be treated at one time; GA (GA) 3 The concentration is 100mg/L; the preparation method comprises the following steps: 100mg GA was weighed 3 Putting into 10ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, and after gibberellin is dissolved, determining the volume of distilled water to 1L;
step three:
GA 3 after the treatment, putting the wheat ears into a barrel containing nutrient solution according to 50 ears/barrel, putting the barrel into a ventilation place for 2-3 h, and after the wheat ears are dried, giving corn pollen by a rolling method, namely putting the wheat ears into the collected corn pollen for shaking for 1-2 times; after pollination is completed, the seeds are put into an illumination incubator; the temperature of the illumination incubator is 23 ℃, the humidity is 80%, the illumination intensity is 10000Lx, and the illumination duration is 14 h/10 h in darkness;
step four:
after pollination, 24. 24h, spraying 100mg/L2,4-D, and placing into an incubator for culturing 14. 14D.
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| 小麦与玉米杂交产生单倍体频率的研究;王广金;《麦类作物学报》(第6期);第15-17页 * |
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