CN116264752A - Tunnel dimming control method and system considering traffic conditions and different road sections - Google Patents
Tunnel dimming control method and system considering traffic conditions and different road sections Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel dimming control method and a system considering traffic conditions and different road sections, wherein the traditional graded illumination mainly divides the required brightness of each section in a tunnel into different levels, and the change and the transition between the different levels are mainly realized according to the simple on and off of a plurality of lamps. The invention combines the required brightness, the outside illuminance, the traffic volume and the average speed of the vehicle of each section in the tunnel to construct a control model, other parameters are used as the control input quantity of the model in the model, the required brightness is the controlled quantity, the required power of the lighting lamp is obtained, the required power is compared with the actual power of the lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel, the difference value of the two powers is used as the control output quantity, and the output power of the lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel is continuously regulated. Under the state of illumination position and dynamic balance in the whole tunnel, smooth regulation and control of tunnel illumination are realized, and the problems of electric energy waste and tunnel passing safety reduction are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel dimming control, in particular to a tunnel dimming control method and system considering traffic conditions and different road sections.
Background
In recent years, the demand for tunnel transportation is gradually increased, and the mileage of highway tunnels is increased, so that the problems of overlarge electric energy consumption, overlarge monitoring operation cost and the like of a tunnel lighting system based on a design rule and adopting a maximum illuminance principle are caused. Therefore, how to avoid the waste of electric energy in the tunnel, energy saving and consumption reduction become one of the hot spot problems to be solved in the industry. At present, the common practice of solving the excessive high operation cost of a tunnel lighting system is to control the on and off of lighting equipment by a loop according to the brightness requirements of different time periods, but the practice is not combined with the real-time change of traffic in a tunnel, so that excessive lighting still exists to a certain extent in the tunnel lighting, the electric energy is seriously wasted, meanwhile, the environment change of the tunnel is not comprehensively considered, the situation of insufficient illuminance inside and outside the tunnel is caused, and the safety of tunnel traffic is reduced.
For example, a "special lighting system for tunnel" disclosed in chinese patent literature, its bulletin number CN108366458A, the system includes several tunnel lighting control devices, several LED lights, several digital illuminometers, dividing the tunnel into an entrance section, a tunnel middle section, an exit section, and LED lights, digital illuminometers and at least one tunnel lighting control device respectively disposed at the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the tunnel, and by detecting and controlling the brightness of different sections of the tunnel, the "black hole" phenomenon is eliminated, and the safety of the tunnel is improved. It can be seen that the patent also divides the tunnel into a plurality of sections, and an LED lighting lamp, a digital illuminometer and at least one tunnel lighting control device are respectively arranged on each section, and brightness is detected and controlled respectively on different sections of the tunnel, but the problems that the real-time change of traffic in the tunnel is not combined and the environment change of the tunnel is not comprehensively considered, so that excessive lighting and insufficient illumination to a certain extent exist, electric energy waste is caused, and the tunnel traffic safety is reduced still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel dimming control method and a system considering traffic conditions and different road sections, aiming at solving the problems of electric energy waste and tunnel traffic safety reduction caused by the situation that the prior art does not combine real-time change of traffic volume in a tunnel and does not comprehensively consider environmental change of the tunnel, so that a certain degree of excessive illumination and insufficient illumination exist.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tunnel dimming control method considering traffic conditions and different road sections comprises the following steps: s1: collecting and measuring brightness, actual output power, traffic volume and average vehicle speed data of each road section of a tunnel; s2: calculating the illumination demand brightness of each road section in the tunnel according to the traffic data and the average vehicle speed data, wherein the illumination demand brightness of each road section in the tunnel comprises: entrance section lighting demand brightness, basic section lighting demand brightness, transition section lighting demand brightness, and exit section lighting demand brightness; s3: calculating the output power of the lighting lamp reaching the required brightness according to the lighting required brightness data of each road section in the tunnel; s4: comparing the output power of the lighting lamp reaching the required brightness with the actual output power of the current lighting lamp to obtain a lighting lamp dimming coefficient required to be set in a certain period; s5: the dimming controller performs dimming control on the lighting lamp according to the dimming coefficient of the lighting lamp. The traditional graded illumination is mainly characterized in that the required brightness of each section in the tunnel is divided into different levels according to the environment in the tunnel and the brightness outside the tunnel, and the change and the transition between the different levels are mainly realized according to the simple on and off of a plurality of lamps. The invention relates to a tunnel dimming control method considering traffic conditions and different road sections, which constructs a control model by using the required brightness of each section in a tunnel, the illuminance outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the average speed of vehicles passing in the period together, wherein other parameters are used as the control input quantity of the model in the model, the required brightness is the only controlled quantity, then the required power of a lighting lamp is obtained according to the controlled quantity, the power is compared with the actual power of lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel, the difference value of the two powers is used as the control output quantity, and the output power of the lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel is continuously regulated. The illumination in the whole tunnel is in a state of dynamic balance according to the real-time brightness outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the change of the average vehicle speed in the period, so that the smooth regulation and control of the tunnel illumination are realized, the electric energy waste is avoided, and the tunnel traffic safety problem is reduced.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the illumination demand brightness of the entrance road section is as follows:
L t1 ＝k 1 ×L T (x)
L t2 ＝0.5×k 1 ×L T (x)
wherein k is 1 For the inlet road section reduction coefficient, the system is determined by two factors of vehicle speed and traffic volume, L T (x) The brightness of the tunnel is determined by weather. Assuming that the outside brightness is LT on sunny days, when x is 0, x is 1, x is cloudy days, x is 2, x is overcast days or overcast and rainy days, when weather is sunny days, L T (0) =lt, when weather is cloud, L T (1) =0.5 LT, when weather is cloudy, L T (2) =0.25 LT, when the weather is heavy overcast and overcast, L T (3) =0.13 LT, or a brightness monitoring device, L, may be provided outside the tunnel T (x) And the brightness monitoring device monitors the brightness outside the tunnel in real time.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet section reduction coefficient k 1 The calculation mode of (2) is as follows:
where V is the average vehicle speed and Q is the traffic volume. In the dimming control model constructed by the tunnel outside illuminance, the traffic volume in a certain period, the average vehicle speed in the period and the only controlled quantity, namely the required brightness in each section of the tunnel, the required brightness in each section of the tunnel is changed continuously along with the continuous change of the tunnel outside illuminance, the traffic volume in the certain period and the average vehicle speed in the period.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calculation method of the required illumination brightness of the basic segment is as follows:
1.0Q≤350，40≤V≤60
where V is the average vehicle speed and Q is the traffic volume. In the dimming control model constructed by the tunnel outside illuminance, the traffic volume in a certain period, the average vehicle speed in the period and the only controlled quantity, namely the required brightness in each section of the tunnel, the required brightness in each section of the tunnel is changed continuously along with the continuous change of the tunnel outside illuminance, the traffic volume in the certain period and the average vehicle speed in the period.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the illumination demand brightness of the transition section is as follows: subdividing the transition section into three illumination sections, namely R1, R2 and R3, wherein the brightness of the R1 illumination section is as follows: l (L) r1 ＝0.3L t1 The brightness of the R2 illumination section is as follows: l (L) r2 ＝0.1L t1 The brightness of the R3 illumination section is as follows: l (L) r3 ＝0.035L t1 . According to the highway tunnel lighting design rule, the transition section can be subdivided into three lighting sections, namely R1, R2 and R3.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the required brightness of the tunnel at the position from sixty meters to thirty meters from the tunnel exit is three times of the required brightness of the tunnel in the basic section. The required brightness from the outlet of the tunnel to the outlet of the tunnel is five times the required brightness of the illumination of the basic section. When the tunnel is used for unidirectional passage only, the enhanced illumination should be set, and the setting position is preferable to the outlet section of the tunnel. Wherein, the required brightness at the position about sixty meters from the tunnel exit is three times of the illumination required illumination of the tunnel in the basic section. The required brightness of thirty meters from the tunnel exit should be five times the brightness of the base section.
The utility model provides a take into account traffic conditions and the tunnel dimming control system in different highway sections, inside and outside luminance detector of tunnel and traffic flow and average speed collection module, inside and outside luminance detector of tunnel is connected with programmable controller gateway, programmable controller gateway is connected with dimming controller and host computer control management module respectively, programmable controller gateway links to each other with traffic flow and average speed collection module, dimming controller is connected with the drive arrangement that adjusts luminance, the drive arrangement that adjusts luminance is connected with the illumination lamps and lanterns. The invention relates to a tunnel dimming control system considering traffic conditions and different road sections, which is applicable to a tunnel dimming control method considering traffic conditions and different road sections, wherein a brightness detector converts detected brightness signals outside a tunnel and brightness signals inside the tunnel into brightness control signals 0-10V standard signals and transmits the brightness control signals to a local dimming controller, a flow and average vehicle speed acquisition module transmits detected tunnel external vehicle flow information to a local programmable controller gateway through RS485 signals, signal data acquired on site is transmitted to an upper computer monitoring management module (or a server) through the programmable controller gateway, and after being processed by a system upper computer (or the server), control signal instructions are transmitted to the local illumination dimming controller through the programmable controller gateway, so that intelligent electrodeless dimming control of a tunnel lighting system is realized. The upper computer (or server) arranged in the monitoring system of the monitoring center calculates the corresponding dimming power of each section of intensive lighting and basic lighting of the entrance and exit respectively according to the brightness and traffic flow information, the information is sent to the local electrodeless dimming controller, the modulation controller respectively converts the control information into 0-10V direct current analog signals to be output so as to control the output power of the intensive lighting lamp and the basic lighting lamp, and the change of the output power of the lamp can cause the change of the output luminous flux of the lamp, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the brightness of the illuminated place. The upper computer of the monitoring center is communicated with the on-site tunnel intelligent lighting system controller through the switch. The upper computer utilizes stepless dimming monitoring management software to realize instruction issuing, real-time signal reading and storage of relevant parameter setting.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the dimming driving device comprises a main control MCU and a communication module, wherein the main control MCU is connected with the communication module, the main control MCU is also connected with a temperature acquisition module and a voltage and current acquisition module, the main control MCU is connected with a PCB circuit board through a magnetic latching relay, a heat dissipation device is arranged on the PCB circuit board, and the main control MCU is also connected with a display screen and is connected with the dimming driving module. The main control MCU adopted by the specific driving equipment is a chip STM32F103C8T6 commonly used in the market, the MCU collects heat sources on a PCB circuit board, the temperature collection module is particularly a collection sensor PT1000, and because the equipment needs to be subjected to electric energy metering, the HLW8112 chip is selected to collect voltage and current of a lighting loop, and the electric quantity consumed in the circuit can be calculated. The MCU is used for controlling the output IO to conduct the on-off of the magnetic latching relay through internal processing. When drawn in, it is able to provide power to the load, i.e. the lighting circuit. When the lighting circuit is disconnected, the lighting circuit is disconnected. When the PCB is attracted, the current born by the PCB is relatively large, and a large amount of heat sources are generated by the PCB. Thus introducing a heat sink. When the temperature rise of the circuit board exceeds 70 degrees, the equipment is in a sub-health state, and the backlight of the display screen is in a red state, so that the heat dissipation device is required to conduct heat dissipation treatment. Meanwhile, the GP8101 of the dimming driving module outputs a dimming driving signal of 0-10V, so that loop control can be performed according to actual requirements of the site, when the traffic flow in the tunnel is relatively low, the brightness condition of the tunnel is comprehensively considered to adjust the loop brightness, and the waste of electric energy is reduced. Aiming at the places where tunnels are generally in comparison offset, a wired and a wireless communication interfaces are built in the tunnels, so that state information of equipment can be transmitted, and the background can observe the running state of field equipment in real time.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the heat dissipation device comprises heat conduction silica gel and an aluminum structure, wherein the heat conduction silica gel is arranged on a PCB (printed circuit board), the aluminum structure is arranged on the heat conduction silica gel, and the heat conduction silica gel is provided with a graphene heat dissipation paste. The bottom is a PCB board, and two high-current wires are arranged on the PCB board and are connected with an external terminal interface. The high-current lead is connected with a magnetic latching relay, and the magnetic latching relay controls the on-off of the lighting loop equipment through on-off. Because the current on the PCB board is big, and the heat is high, consequently introduce heat conduction silica gel, make by the design scheme of gap transfer heat specially, can fill the gap, on the heat radiator is transmitted to the heat that will generate heat effectively, the coefficient of heat conduction silica gel piece's heat conductivity is 3.6W-15W/mk, can be fine go out the heat conduction.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the PCB circuit board comprises a first PCB circuit board and a second PCB circuit board, the heat radiating device is arranged on the second PCB circuit board, only the first PCB circuit board participates in working when the dimming driving device initially operates, and the second PCB circuit board participates in working when the temperature of the first PCB circuit board exceeds 70 ℃. The current born by the PCB circuit board is relatively large, and a large amount of heat sources are generated by the PCB circuit board. Only the first PCB circuit board works initially, when the temperature of the first PCB circuit board exceeds 70 ℃, the current born by the first PCB circuit board is relatively large, the second PCB circuit board participates in the work at the moment and shares the control work, the temperature of the first PCB circuit board can be reduced, when the second PCB circuit board participates in the work, the second PCB circuit board bears 70% of the work task, the first PCB circuit board bears 30% of the work task, and the heat dissipation device only dissipates the heat of the second PCB circuit board.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a tunnel dimming control method and a system taking traffic conditions and different road sections into consideration, which are used for constructing a control model by jointly using the required brightness of each section in a tunnel, the illuminance outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the average speed of vehicles passing in the period, wherein other parameters are used as the control input quantity of the model in the model, the required brightness is the only controlled quantity, then the required power of a lighting lamp is obtained according to the controlled quantity, the power is compared with the actual power of lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel, the difference value of the two powers is used as the control output quantity, and the output power of the lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel is continuously regulated. The illumination in the whole tunnel is in a state of dynamic balance according to the real-time brightness outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the change of the average vehicle speed in the period, so that the smooth regulation and control of the tunnel illumination are realized, the electric energy waste is avoided, and the tunnel traffic safety problem is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a system block diagram of the dimming driving apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat dissipating device according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a real-time stepless dimming flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a timing stepless dimming flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of manual electrodeless dimming in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a constant voltage source circuit of a Pt1000 acquisition circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a bridge temperature measurement circuit of a Pt1000 acquisition circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of HLW8112 acquisition current and voltage values in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a display screen interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of relay control port output according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a 0-10V output circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a main flow of temperature acquisition display of a driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a simplified thermal diagram of a heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
A tunnel dimming control method considering traffic conditions and different road sections comprises the following steps: s1: collecting and measuring brightness, actual output power, traffic volume and average vehicle speed data of each road section of a tunnel; s2: calculating the illumination demand brightness of each road section in the tunnel according to the traffic data and the average vehicle speed data, wherein each road section of the illumination demand brightness of each road section in the tunnel comprises: entrance section lighting demand brightness, basic section lighting demand brightness, transition section lighting demand brightness, and exit section lighting demand brightness; s3: calculating the output power of the lighting lamp reaching the required brightness according to the lighting required brightness data of each road section in the tunnel; s4: comparing the output power of the lighting lamp reaching the required brightness with the actual output power of the current lighting lamp to obtain a lighting lamp dimming coefficient required to be set in a certain period; s5: the dimming controller performs dimming control on the lighting lamp according to the dimming coefficient of the lighting lamp.
Dimming control is regular regulation control of the power of the lighting devices in the tunnel, and the regularity mainly comes from the change of main parameters (brightness outside the tunnel, vehicle speed and traffic) affecting the illumination of the tunnel and the correlation between the main parameters and the required illumination in the tunnel. The dimming control mode changes the original unstable change and regulation and control when dimming is carried out according to different brightness levels, thereby prolonging the service life of the lighting lamp and realizing the requirement of on-demand lighting in each section in the tunnel. The stepless dimming mode is more accurate than the original hierarchical dimming mode in tunnel illumination, and the illumination power of the LED lamp is adjusted as required on the premise of conforming to the tunnel illumination specification, so that the illumination lamp does not need to work at full load due to the stepless dimming, the uncontrollability of the brightness requirement and the energy consumption of the illumination lamp in the traditional highway tunnel illumination system is changed, excessive illumination in a tunnel is effectively avoided, the illumination in the tunnel is smoothly and uniformly changed, the waste of electric energy is reduced, and the efficiency of energy conservation and emission reduction is effectively improved.
The invention constructs a control model by the required brightness of each section in the tunnel, the illuminance outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the average speed of vehicles passing in the period, other parameters are used as the control input quantity of the model in the model, the required brightness is the only controlled quantity, then the required power of the lighting lamp is obtained according to the controlled quantity, the power is compared with the actual power of the lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel, the difference value of the two powers is used as the control output quantity, and the output power of the lighting equipment in each section of the tunnel is continuously regulated. The illumination in the whole tunnel is in a state of dynamic balance according to the real-time brightness outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the change of the average vehicle speed in the period, thereby realizing the smooth regulation and control of the tunnel illumination.
In a conventional hierarchical lighting control method, lighting devices are generally arranged in a staggered manner according to a lighting distribution circuit (such as a basic lighting circuit, an enhanced lighting circuit, an emergency lighting circuit, etc.). While in tunnel lighting, these devices in different power distribution loops (typically lighting fixtures, high-pressure sodium lamps must be turned on or off in this way) are turned on or off simultaneously according to the division of the lighting intensity level. The method for regulating and controlling the illumination according to the brightness level has the characteristics of overlarge regulating and controlling amplitude, insufficient fine brightness level division, rough regulating and controlling and the like, so that the energy consumption of tunnel illumination is overlarge, the monitoring operation cost is overhigh, and the phenomenon of uneven illumination brightness in each section of the tunnel is caused.
According to the requirements of the highway tunnel illumination design specification, interpolation calculation is carried out by using illumination control parameters (an off-tunnel brightness value, an average vehicle speed and a traffic volume), illumination brightness required under different parameter conditions in each tunnel section after refinement is obtained, then power required to be output by an illumination lamp for achieving the illumination brightness is calculated, the power is compared with actual output power of the illumination lamp in the current tunnel section, and finally a dimming control coefficient is obtained. Therefore, sub-loop luminance analysis is a primary core problem of real-time traffic aware highway tunnel lighting stepless dimming systems.
According to the requirements of highway tunnel illumination specifications, the medium-length tunnel is generally divided into an entrance section, a basic section, a transition section and an exit section. The lighting loop mainly comprises basic lighting, enhanced lighting, emergency lighting, sunny lighting, cloudy lighting, heavy cloudy lighting and the like. The conventional tunnel hierarchical control mode lookup table is shown in table 1.
Table 1 conventional tunnel hierarchical control mode lookup table
In the stepless dimming control model constructed by the tunnel outside illuminance, the traffic volume in a certain period, the average vehicle speed in the period and the only controlled quantity, namely the brightness required in each section of the tunnel, the calculated tunnel outside illuminance value is determined by the table 2. The required brightness of each section of the tunnel is changed continuously along with the continuous change of the illuminance outside the tunnel, the traffic volume in a certain period and the average speed in the period
Calculating the illumination demand brightness of the entrance road section:
the tunnel entrance section can be divided into two sections for brightness analysis, and the required illumination brightness corresponding to the two sections is calculated according to the methods 2-1 and 2-2
L t1 ＝k 1 ×L T (x) (1-1)
L t2 ＝0.5×k 1 ×L T (x) (1-2)
Wherein k is 1 For the inlet road section reduction coefficient, the system is determined by two factors of vehicle speed and traffic volume, L T (x) The brightness of the tunnel is determined by weather.
Brightness reduction factor k of entrance section 1 The values of (2) are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Brightness reduction coefficient k at the entrance section 1 Value taking
And (3) calculating the required brightness of the basic road section:
the luminance of the basic link is calculated as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Brightness reduction coefficient k for entrance section 2 Value taking
Calculating the illumination demand brightness of the transitional road section:
according to the highway tunnel lighting design rule, the transition section can be subdivided into three lighting sections, namely R1, R2 and R3. The illumination demand brightness of these three illumination segments can be taken as shown in table 4.
Table 4 Lighting demand luminance values for transition sections
| Lighting segment | R1 | R2 | R3 |
| Brightness of light | L r1 ＝0.3L t1 | L r2 ＝0.1L t1 | L r3 ＝0.035L t1 |
An outlet road section demand brightness control model:
in the highway tunnel lighting design rule, when the tunnel hole is only used for unidirectional passage, the reinforced lighting should be arranged, and the arrangement position is preferably the outlet section of the tunnel. Wherein, the required brightness at the position about sixty meters from the tunnel exit is three times of the illumination required illumination of the tunnel in the basic section. The required brightness of thirty meters from the tunnel exit should be five times the brightness of the base section.
The traffic quantity sensing dimming control model is input into the tunnel traffic quantity within a certain period of the brightness outside the tunnel and the average vehicle speed within the period. The traffic volume and average vehicle speed are collected by a microwave vehicle detector or a coil vehicle detector, and the brightness value is collected by a tunnel brightness detector outside the tunnel and inside the tunnel. After the parameter acquisition is completed, calculating the brightness requirement in the current tunnel section, then calculating the output power required by the lighting lamp to reach the brightness, comparing the power with the actual power of the lighting lamp in the current system, converting the dimming coefficient required to be set in a certain regulation period, and finally sending a regulation command to a dimming controller to carry out dimming control on the lighting lamp. In the stepless dimming control process of tunnel illumination, the dimming modes mainly comprise three modes, namely real-time stepless dimming, time sequence stepless dimming and manual stepless dimming. According to the real-time tunnel external brightness value, the real-time traffic value and the real-time vehicle running speed, the tunnel brightness reduction coefficient is determined, and the tunnel brightness value is obtained most accurately and correspondingly.
The dimming setting of the intelligent illumination stepless dimming system for the highway tunnel mainly comprises real-time stepless dimming shown in fig. 5, time sequence stepless dimming shown in fig. 6 and artificial stepless dimming shown in fig. 7.
If the time sequence regulation mode is adopted, the system time of the current monitoring server is acquired, the current time period is confirmed by inquiring a time sequence mode corresponding table in a system time sequence dividing table, and the corresponding illumination mode is started. For example, when the current time is 8 a.m., the daytime illumination mode can be started, after the system confirms that the daytime illumination mode is started, the monitoring strategy table in the system is queried, the monitoring strategy table is provided with a one-to-many mode loop corresponding relation, the illumination loop which needs to be opened or closed is queried through the corresponding relation, and then a dimming control command is sent to the corresponding dimming controller.
If the real-time automatic stepless dimming is selected, firstly, a regulation and control period in system configuration is acquired, the configuration period can be set, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and the like, filling of any number can be supported, the average brightness value, the average vehicle speed and the traffic volume outside the tunnel in the period are calculated, the corresponding dimming coefficient is set according to a tunnel stepless dimming control model for sensing the real-time traffic volume, then a dimming control command is sent to a corresponding dimming controller, and the dimming controller receives and analyzes the command and then performs dynamic continuous stepless dimming on an illumination loop.
If the manual regulation and control mode is selected, monitoring a user control event, when the user regulation and control event is triggered, acquiring a lighting loop corresponding to the event and a dimming coefficient confirmed by a user, and then sending a dimming control command to a corresponding dimming controller to achieve the purpose of manual regulation and control.
The utility model provides a take into account traffic conditions and different highway sections's tunnel dimming control system, including inside and outside luminance detector of tunnel and traffic flow and average speed collection module, inside and outside luminance detector of tunnel is connected with programmable controller gateway, and programmable controller gateway is connected with dimming controller and host computer control management module respectively, and programmable controller gateway links to each other with traffic flow and average speed collection module, and dimming controller is connected with the drive arrangement that adjusts luminance, and the drive arrangement that adjusts luminance is connected with the illumination lamps and lanterns.
Specifically, the dimming control system mainly comprises an inside and outside tunnel brightness detector, a vehicle flow detector, intelligent tunnel illumination, a dimming controller, a brightness-controllable highway tunnel LED illumination lamp, a communication system, upper computer monitoring management software and the like. The system brightness detector converts the detected brightness signal outside the tunnel into a standard signal of 0-10V of brightness control signal and transmits the standard signal to the local dimming module equipment. The traffic flow detector of the system transmits detected traffic flow information outside the tunnel to the local programmable controller gateway through an RS485 signal, signal data acquired on site is transmitted to the upper computer (or the server) of the monitoring center monitoring system through the programmable controller gateway, and after being processed by the upper computer (or the server) of the system, a control signal instruction is transmitted to the local illumination dimming controller through the programmable controller gateway, so that intelligent electrodeless dimming control of the tunnel illumination system is realized. The upper computer (or server) arranged in the monitoring system of the monitoring center calculates the corresponding dimming power of each section of enhanced illumination and basic illumination of the entrance and exit according to the brightness and traffic flow information, sends the information to the local electrodeless dimming controller, and the modulator converts the information into 0-10V direct current analog signals according to the control information to output so as to control the output power of the enhanced illumination lamp and the basic illumination lamp, wherein the change of the output power of the lamp can cause the change of the output luminous flux of the lamp, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the brightness of the illuminated place. The upper computer of the monitoring center is communicated with the on-site tunnel intelligent lighting system controller through the switch. The upper computer utilizes stepless dimming monitoring management software to realize instruction issuing, real-time signal reading and storage of relevant parameter setting.
Enhanced lighting control: the control of the enhanced illumination is performed by comprehensive calculation according to the brightness signal outside the tunnel, the traffic flow, the design redundancy and the brightness of the entrance section in the tunnel, and the enhanced illumination output is determined. The brighter the outside brightness, the greater the in-hole illumination power, the stronger the in-hole illumination brightness, and the greater the vehicle flow, the greater the in-hole illumination power, and vice versa. The user may also set the turn-on and turn-off times for the accentuation.
Brightness control of the primary illumination: and the brightness control of the basic illumination is comprehensively calculated according to the current time, the traffic flow and the design redundancy, and the basic illumination output is determined. The user can set the basic lighting night start and end times and can set the lighting power at night and day. The tunnel intelligent lighting system controller can carry out comprehensive calculation according to traffic flow information, design redundancy and brightness of the middle section in the hole, adjust the brightness of basic lighting, when the light attenuation occurs in basic lighting, and the actual measurement result of the basic lighting detector in the hole is lower than the standard requirement, the tunnel intelligent lighting system controller can automatically adjust the basic lighting brightness, so that the basic lighting brightness meets the standard requirement, and the on-demand lighting is realized. The user can also set the basic lighting night start and end times and can set the lighting power at night and day.
The load carrying capacity of the driving device of the lighting device controlled by the current intra-tunnel inner loop is basically controlled within 25A, and when the lighting loop exceeds 25A, the heating phenomenon of the device is serious, and the long-time running state of the device is seriously affected. In practical applications, the loop load capacity of the drive 25A is far from the drive requirement. Even if the driving device reaching 25A is arranged, the service life of the device is seriously influenced due to the large heating value of the driving device, so that the circuit illumination dimming driving device with small heating value is urgent to solve the current problems of large driving current.
At present, the light-adjusting driving equipment has large heating value, two conventional processing methods are adopted, one method is to add a built-in fan, the method is simple to use, but the occupied area is large, the miniaturization and the compactness of the equipment are not facilitated, and the cooling effect is not obvious. The second is to add a radiator device to the device, and by increasing the radiating area, the effect is not obvious.
The invention further provides dimming driving equipment which comprises a main control MCU and a communication module, wherein the main control MCU is connected with the communication module, the main control MCU is further connected with a temperature acquisition module and a voltage and current acquisition module, the main control MCU is connected with a PCB (printed circuit board) through a magnetic latching relay, a heat dissipation device is arranged on the PCB, and the main control MCU is further connected with a display screen and is connected with the dimming driving module.
As shown in fig. 3, specifically, the core MCU adopted by the driving device is a chip STM32F103C8T6 commonly used in the market, the MCU collects a heat source on a PCB circuit board, and the collected sensor is PT1000, so that the HLW8112 chip is selected to collect voltage and current of a lighting loop due to the need of electric energy metering of the device, and the electric quantity consumed in the circuit can be calculated. The MCU is used for controlling the output IO to conduct the on-off of the magnetic latching relay through internal processing. When drawn in, it is able to provide a lighting circuit for powering the load. When the load lighting circuit is disconnected, the load lighting circuit is cut off. When the PCB is attracted, the current born by the PCB is relatively large, and a large amount of heat sources are generated by the PCB. Therefore, a heat dissipation device is introduced, and the heat dissipation device comprises heat conduction silica gel, an aluminum shell, graphene heat dissipation paste and the like. When the temperature rise of the circuit board exceeds 70 degrees, the equipment is in a sub-health state, and the backlight of the display screen is in a red state, so that the heat dissipation device is required to conduct heat dissipation treatment. Meanwhile, the GP8101 outputs a dimming driving signal of 0-10V, so that loop control can be performed according to actual requirements on site, when the traffic flow in a tunnel is relatively low, the brightness condition of the tunnel is comprehensively considered to adjust the brightness of the loop, and waste of electric energy is reduced. Aiming at the places where tunnels are generally in comparison offset, a wired and a wireless communication interfaces are built in the tunnels, so that state information of equipment can be transmitted, and the background can observe the running state of field equipment in real time.
The schematic diagram of the Pt1000 acquisition circuit comprises a constant voltage source circuit and a bridge type temperature measuring circuit, wherein the constant voltage source circuit is shown in FIG. 8, and the VREF end outputs a constant voltage source of 4.096V as a reference voltage of the resistor bridge. The bridge type temperature measuring circuit is shown in fig. 9, and the temperature measuring principle is as follows: the chip Pt1000 is a measuring bridge (wherein R1 = R2, the resistor R9 is a precise resistor, and proper resistance value is selected according to the lower limit of the temperature measuring range) formed by the resistor R1, the resistor R2 and the resistor R9, when the resistance value of the chip Pt1000 is unequal to the resistance value of the resistor R9, the bridge outputs a voltage difference signal of a mV level, and the voltage difference signal is amplified by an instrument amplifier and then outputs a voltage signal of a desired size.
The HLW8112 current and voltage value collection principle is shown in fig. 10. Through the voltage and the current of the acquisition line, the built-in chip power adder can calculate the electric quantity in real time. And after the calculation is completed, returning the calculation result to the MCU through the SPI communication interface.
As shown in fig. 11, which shows display screen interface principle display, the MCU is connected to the display screen, and the temperature value of the PT1000 is collected to perform corresponding display.
As shown in fig. 12, the principle of relay control port output is shown, and the control signal output by the MCU is used to control on and off of the magnetic latching relay HFE10-2 device.
As shown in fig. 13, which shows the principle of a 0-10V output circuit, the PWM chip GP8101 is used to output 0-10V, and when the voltage output index is less than 10V, the voltage can be amplified by the op amp LM324 to reach a stable voltage value.
The main flow of temperature acquisition and display of the driving device is shown in fig. 14.
In order to more intuitively display the running state of the equipment, a display screen capable of supporting red and green backgrounds is introduced, and when the acquired temperature is not more than 70 ℃, the locally driven equipment display screen controls and outputs the word of the green background so as to show that the equipment is in a normal running state. When the temperature of the equipment is higher than 70 ℃ and lower than 85 ℃, the components operated by the equipment are operated in a sub-health state, and at the moment, the display screen can display a word with yellow control output. When the temperature of the equipment exceeds 85 ℃, part of chips are in an early warning state, so that the display screen is controlled to be red output.
As shown in fig. 4, in the heat dissipation structure of the present invention, the PCB board is arranged at the bottom, and two high-current wires are arranged on the PCB board and connected with an external terminal interface. The high-current lead is connected with a magnetic latching relay, and the magnetic latching relay controls the on-off of the lighting loop equipment through on-off. Because the current on the PCB is large and the heat quantity is high, the heat-conducting silica gel is introduced, and the heat-conducting silica gel is specially manufactured by using the design scheme of heat transfer of the gaps, so that the gaps can be filled, the heat generated by heat can be effectively transferred to the radiator, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat-conducting silica gel is 3.6W-15W/mk. Can well conduct heat away.
For better heat dissipation effect, an aluminum structure shell is added to the equipment. For heat conduction performance, the heat conduction coefficient of the aluminum sheet is 237w/m.k, the pressure resistance is high, and the metal heat intensity is high. The national test center shows that the metal heat intensity is 2.27W/Kg ℃, the heat quantity of the aluminum sheet is large, the heat dissipation is fast, the efficiency is high, and the heat dissipation can be well carried out.
On the condition of the existing heat dissipation aluminum structure, a single-layer graphene film is further added for enhancing uniform heat dissipation. The transverse heat conductivity coefficient of the single-layer graphene film can reach 5300 W.m -1 ·K -1 (in-plane isotropy) the highest lateral thermal conductivity of commercial reduced graphene oxide films can be up to about 2500 W.m -1 ·K -1 (the longitudinal heat conductivity is 15-50 W.m -1 ·K -1 ) But is generally 800 to 1400 W.m -1 ·K -1 The transverse heat conductivity coefficient of the reduced graphene oxide film prepared by the research institution can be improved to 3200 W.m -1 ·K -1 And has certain flexibility and can bear 60000 times of 180-degree bending. The transverse heat conductivity coefficient of the traditional graphite is 800-2000 W.m -1 ·K -1 Aluminum has a lateral thermal conductivity of about 240 W.m -1 ·K -1 The transverse heat conductivity coefficient of gold, silver and copper is 317-430 W.m -1 ·K -1 The transverse heat conductivity coefficient of the heat conduction silicone grease is less than 10 W.m -1 ·K -1 . The graphene film can quickly change a point heat source into a surface heat source, improve the device performance and can be folded at will.
According to the heat dissipation structure, the shell (aluminum structure) of the heat dissipation device and the main heating chip (heating source on the PCB) are connected with each other on the basis of the heat conduction material (heat conduction silica gel), so that an ideal heat dissipation effect in design can be achieved, and on the other hand, the heat conduction resistance can be reduced. Fig. 15 is a simplified diagram of thermal conduction. Based on a combination of newton's cooling formula and fourier theorem:
in the above-mentioned formula(s),
is the heat dissipation area of the product surface and can be called as heat power consumption. Junction temperature of chip is t j 。t c The surface temperature of the chip is gamma, the thickness of the heat conducting material is gamma, A TIM Is the temperature of the heat conducting material, and h is the natural convection heat exchange coefficient of the surface of the shell. The steady-state field refers to the temperature thermal field distribution of each component after the thermal balance is achieved, and whether the steady-state performance of the product is good or not determines that the product can work normally under normal environment. t is t a The surface heat exchange coefficient h is a certain value smaller than 10 under the condition of constant external temperature and natural heat dissipation. From the formula
It can be seen that the thickness of the housing, the material properties and the design of its surface area, the choice of chip, the choice of heat conducting medium, etc. all affect t j Is a value of (2). Therefore, in the process of designing the shell of the natural heat dissipation product, the chips with lower internal heat resistance are required to be selected, the high temperature resistance is realized, the shell is made of metal with higher heat conductivity, the effective heat dissipation surface of the shell is increased, and the radiation degree of the surface of the shell is naturalEnhancement. In the selection of the medium, the material with relatively thin thickness and high heat conductivity is selected as the medium, and the design of the contact surface is reasonable, so that the problem of overheating of the product can be avoided. When the natural heat dissipation efficiency is equivalent to the radiation heat dissipation efficiency, the designer can enhance the radiation effect by adopting a surface treatment mode, such as a paint spraying mode or an oxidation mode, and increase the natural heat dissipation capacity of the radiator.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any changes or substitutions that do not undergo the inventive effort should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The tunnel dimming control method taking traffic conditions and different road sections into consideration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: collecting and measuring brightness, actual output power, traffic volume and average vehicle speed data of each road section of a tunnel;
s2: calculating the illumination demand brightness of each road section in the tunnel according to the traffic data and the average vehicle speed data, wherein the illumination demand brightness of each road section in the tunnel comprises: entrance section lighting demand brightness, basic section lighting demand brightness, transition section lighting demand brightness, and exit section lighting demand brightness;
s3: calculating the output power of the lighting lamp reaching the required brightness according to the lighting required brightness data of each road section in the tunnel;
s4: comparing the output power of the lighting lamp reaching the required brightness with the actual output power of the current lighting lamp to obtain a lighting lamp dimming coefficient required to be set in a certain period;
s5: the dimming controller performs dimming control on the lighting lamp according to the dimming coefficient of the lighting lamp.
2. The method for controlling the dimming of tunnels taking traffic conditions and different road segments into consideration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the illumination demand brightness of the entrance road segment is as follows:
L t1 ＝k 1 ×L T (x)
L t2 ＝0.5×k 1 ×L T (x)
wherein k is 1 For the inlet road section reduction coefficient, the system is determined by two factors of vehicle speed and traffic volume, L T (x) The brightness of the tunnel is determined by weather.
3. The method for controlling dimming of tunnels taking traffic conditions and different road segments into consideration as claimed in claim 2, wherein the entrance section reduces the coefficient k 1 The calculation mode of (2) is as follows:
where V is the average vehicle speed and Q is the traffic volume.
4. A method for controlling dimming of tunnels in consideration of traffic conditions and different road segments according to claim 3, wherein the basic segment illumination demand brightness is calculated as follows:
1.0Q≤350，40≤V≤60
where V is the average vehicle speed and Q is the traffic volume.
5. The method for controlling the dimming of the tunnel taking traffic conditions and different road sections into consideration as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lighting demand brightness of the transition section is as follows: subdividing the transition section into three illumination sections, namely R1, R2 and R3, wherein the brightness of the R1 illumination section is as follows: l (L) r1 ＝0.3L t1 The brightness of the R2 illumination section is as follows: l (L) r2 ＝0.1L t1 The brightness of the R3 illumination section is as follows: l (L) r3 ＝0.035L t1 。
6. A method of dimming a tunnel according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the required brightness of the tunnel at a distance of from sixty meters to thirty meters from the exit of the tunnel is three times the required brightness of the tunnel at the basic section. The required brightness from the outlet of the tunnel to the outlet of the tunnel is five times the required brightness of the illumination of the basic section.
7. The tunnel dimming control system considering traffic conditions and different road sections is suitable for the tunnel dimming control method considering traffic conditions and different road sections according to any one of claims 1-6, and is characterized by comprising an inside and outside tunnel brightness detector and a traffic flow and average vehicle speed acquisition module, wherein the inside and outside tunnel brightness detector is connected with a programmable controller gateway, the programmable controller gateway is respectively connected with a dimming controller and an upper computer monitoring management module, the programmable controller gateway is connected with the traffic flow and average vehicle speed acquisition module, the dimming controller is connected with a dimming driving device, and the dimming driving device is connected with a lighting lamp.
8. The tunnel dimming control system considering traffic conditions and different road sections according to claim 7, wherein the dimming driving device comprises a main control MCU and a communication module, the main control MCU is connected with the communication module, the main control MCU is further connected with a temperature acquisition module and a voltage and current acquisition module, the main control MCU is connected with a PCB circuit board through a magnetic latching relay, a heat dissipation device is arranged on the PCB circuit board, and the main control MCU is further connected with a display screen and the dimming driving module.
9. The tunnel dimming control system considering traffic conditions and different road sections according to claim 8, wherein the heat dissipating device comprises heat conducting silica gel and an aluminum structure, the heat conducting silica gel is arranged on a PCB (printed circuit board), the aluminum structure is arranged on the heat conducting silica gel, and the heat conducting silica gel is provided with graphene heat dissipating paste.
10. The tunnel dimming control system considering traffic conditions and different road sections according to claim 8, wherein the PCB circuit board comprises a first PCB circuit board and a second PCB circuit board, the heat dissipating device is disposed on the second PCB circuit board, only the first PCB circuit board participates in operation when the dimming driving apparatus is initially operated, and the second PCB circuit board participates in operation when the temperature of the first PCB circuit board exceeds 70 ℃.
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