CN1162642C - Automatic controllable steam generator and method for generating steam - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic controlling steam generator which comprises an external cylinder body and an internal cylinder body, wherein a water cavity is arranged between the two cylinder bodies having a common round top and a common cone bottom; the centers of the two cylinder bodies are respectively provided with a fuel inlet and a steam flow outlet; a fuel inlet nozzle and an ignition component are arranged under the fuel inlet, and a mixer is arranged above the fuel inlet; a plurality of layers of water inlet nozzles are arranged along the circumferential cross section from top to bottom on the inner cylinder body, an angle of 20 to 80 DEG is formed between the nozzle and the inner cylinder body wall, and each layer of nozzles is provided with 4 to 60 nozzles; the steam generator is automatically controlled via a connected computer. The present invention also discloses a method for generating steam. The automatic controlling steam generator has the advantages of small size, portability, easy operation, high thermal efficiency greater than 90%, strong fuel adaptability and automatic control, and can be widely used in the fields of heating, steam, hot water, refrigeration, drying, chemical reaction, oil production in oil fields, etc.

Description

The method of the steam raising plant that can control automatically and generation steam thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method for a kind of steam raising plant that can control automatically and generation steam thereof.

Background technology

In the past, most of steam raising plants are steam raising plants of indirect type, produce steam thereby the fuel indirect burning fills the boiler or the shell and tube boiler of water, and this class steam raising plant thermal efficiency is low, and device is heavy, contaminated environment.The direct-type steam raising plant is being developed in countries in the world in recent years, directly contact after fuel and the air burning with water, burning produces heat transferred water and produces the device of steam, this device is because big water gaging sprays into around the flame and center and improperly easily being extinguished because of controlling, temperature is too high near device top and the top, exit, material requires high, and heat utilization ratio is low; The generation quantity of steam is little, and unit efficiency is low, has limited the application of direct-type steam raising plant.

Content of the present invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defective, be engaged in developmental research and long-term practice for many years through the inventor, exploitation provides a kind of convenient and flexible operation, thermal efficiency height, the steam raising plant that can control automatically that fees of maintenance are low.

It is a kind of in above-mentioned steam raising plant that another object of the present invention provides, and the method for steam takes place.

The steam raising plant that can control automatically provided by the invention is characterized in that comprising an exterior cylinder and an inner cylinder body, and a water flowing inner chamber is arranged between inner cylinder body and exterior cylinder; The inside and outside circle cylindrical shell has a common dome, and there is a fuel inlet at the dome center, and blender is established in the fuel inlet top, links to each other with fuel inlet by pipeline, and fuel inlet nozzle and ignition module are established in the fuel inlet below; The bottom of inner cylinder body and exterior cylinder is taper, and the awl end is a steam (vapor) outlet; Circle is simplified in described is provided with multilayer water inlet nozzle along circumferential section up and down; This nozzle and inner cylinder body wall are 20-80 ° angle, and every layer of nozzle established 4-60 nozzle; On cylinder, be provided with a plurality of thermometrics and pressure tester and automatic regulating valve, and link with computer and to realize control automatically.

In the steam raising plant that can control automatically provided by the invention, the size of described inside and outside circle cylindrical shell depends on the ability of this device and the amount of required generation steam, and pressure and the volume and the flow etc. of each operating parameter such as fuel, water, air, usually the ratio of its major diameter (ratio that refers to inner cylinder body internal diameter and length) is 1: 5, is preferably 1: 2-4.

Described water flowing inner chamber is meant the space that is surrounded between inner cylinder body and the exterior cylinder, is generally 2-5 centimetre of radial difference, and described radial difference is meant the poor of the external diameter of inner cylinder body and exterior cylinder internal diameter.According to the number of plies of this device at the set water inlet nozzle of inner cylinder body, in inner chamber, can be respectively equipped with respective number and prop up the chamber, the water yield that can make things convenient for control respectively to enter every layer of nozzle, thereby can regulate and control flame and flame temperature, temperature in the inner cylinder body, produce quantity of steam, and improve the thermal efficiency.

Described inside and outside circle cylindrical shell constituent material can adopt the steel material of aluminium, stainless steel or ceramic coating etc.,

Because apparatus structure is reasonable in design, unique, the inside and outside circle cylindrical shell of device, particularly seal the inner cylinder body that may contact with glowing flame, fuel is when the ignition of inner cylinder body internal combustion district, forming the high temperature glowing flame seals, the flame external temperature is higher than the flame internal temperature, can make in one minute that temperature rises to up to 2000 ℃ in the whole inner cylinder body; When each layer nozzle sprayed water, after spray water and glowing flame were sealed and evenly fully contacted, heat transfer effect and be subjected to water temperature and the heat-absorbing action of vaporizing was sealed glowing flame to become external temperature to be lower than internal temperature; And the inner cylinder body outer surface contacts with water all the time, be equivalent to carry out the heat exchange contact face, all the time seal the so-called low-temperature space of temperature far below glowing flame near near the temperature inner cylinder body inner surface thus, thus above-mentioned these materials can be adopted, and the surface does not need exotic material within it.

Water inlet nozzle layer on the described inner cylinder body is to keep at a certain distance away from top to bottom at inner cylinder body along the circumferential section of cylinder multilayer water inlet nozzle layer to be set, operated by rotary motion 1-5 layer, preferred layer 2-4, the distance of every interlayer can be identical or different, the superiors' nozzle layer preferably is located near the fuel nozzle assembly below, can avoid causing the high-temperature region near the cylinder top.The number of nozzle of every layer of setting can be identical or different, is generally 4-60 nozzle.The type of nozzle and size and water spray pressure and flow, device capability, the factor of temperature that fuel combustion formation glowing flame is sealed and the temperature and pressure in the inner cylinder body etc. is relevant, can select universal nozzle or atomizer or universal nozzle and atomizer to mix and use.The nozzle of these types is known commercially available prod.Each layer nozzle and each each nozzle of layer are provided with angle can be identical or different, but cooperatively interact, it is even to make water and glowing flame seal comprehensive full contact, angle is 20-80 ° between the general and inner cylinder body wall, the angle of lowermost layer nozzle is between＞45-＜90 °, being provided with of different angles be beneficial to water and glowing flame seal full contact with evenly, heat energy transmitted feedwater and produces steam in moment.Cold water enters the combustion zone by each layer nozzle with different angles, sealing (temperature is up to 1800-2000 ℃) with the glowing flame that forms at once fully contacts, the temperature that the high temperature glowing flame is sealed is hanged down by original outside high inside and is become outside low inner height, heat transferred water, water heats up rapidly to vaporize steam takes place, then along with the band baric flow uses for the user by bottom cone outlet derivation is outside.

Described blender is at first to carry out well-mixed equipment before fuel and air enter the steam generator combustion zone, so that guarantee fuel fully completing combustion in the combustion zone, the glowing flame that produces is sealed to make rapidly in about 1 minute and is reached 1800-2000 ℃ of temperature in the inner cylinder body, and blender is known commercially available blender.Fuel and air intake pipeline at blender are provided with self-adjustable valve, and link with computer control system, accept the signal from computer, thereby regulate pressure and the flow that enters fuel and air in the blender, promptly regulate flow velocity or flow.

Described fuel can be gaseous fuel such as natural gas, coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas etc.; Liquid fuel such as propane, butane etc.; Powdered fuel or Solid-liquid Mixed Fuel such as water-coal-slurry or coal or oil-water-coal slurry etc.; Enter the fuel of blender and air and calculate scheduled volumes according to producing combustion chemistry heat balances such as quantity of steam, pressure, flow in advance, can adjust fuel and the air inlet of control according to the data-signal that records from thermometric and pressure tester by the computer that links with it simultaneously via automatic regulating valve.

Described fuel inlet nozzle assembly is positioned at below, fuel inlet place, inner cylinder body center, cylinder top, water inlet nozzle layer top.This assembly has a plurality of nozzles, is preferably 3-5 nozzle and igniter and forms, and an one nozzle is at the center, and other 2-4 nozzle is arranged on the disc around central nozzle.These nozzles and igniter are known equipment, when fuel enters the combustion zone by fuel nozzle by igniter such as spark ignition combustion, form the low glowing flame of the high internal temperature of external temperature and seal, glowing flame is sealed temperature up to 2000 ℃, and discharges a large amount of heat energy; When fully contacting with water, a large amount of thermal energy transfer feedwater produce and are mixed with N ₂And CO ₂Steam, make glowing flame seal temperature and become inner high outside low steam and discharge via the bottom conical outlet.It is 1.0-1.5Mpa that fuel enters the common pressure of fuel inlet nozzle, is beneficial to glowing flame that combustion flame forms and seals with water and contact, and produces a large amount of steam, passes through steam outlet under pressure naturally smoothly.Meanwhile, be positioned at every layer of nozzle neighbouring thermometric and pressure tester and record the signal feedback computer, thereby carry out whole system control and adjusting.Described temperature measuring equipment is a heat-sensitive sensor, also can be with thermoelectricity infrared thermometry device occasionally; Pressure tester is common commercially available pressure tester.

The steam raising plant of can controlling automatically provided by the invention can be installed in every way, for example vertical or oblique formula or horizontal installation etc., and perhaps several steam raising plant parallel connections are used together.

The method of steam generation provided by the invention comprises:

---fuel and air fully mix through blender by the predetermined computation amount;

---in steam raising plant, mixed fuel is entered by fuel inlet nozzle and steams the combustion zone, produces glowing flame by the igniter fire fuel and seals, and temperature is up to 1800-2000 ℃, and it is 1.0-1.5Mpa that described mixing back fuel enters pressure;

---spray into predetermined water gaging from the water in inner chamber or chamber by each layer water inlet nozzle and seal with glowing flame and contact, it is 1.0-1.5Mpa that water sprays into pressure, carry out heat exchange rapidly and produce steam, product contains the steam of nitrogen and carbon dioxide via conical lower portion outlet derivation;

---the temperature and pressure signal that is recorded by thermometric and pressure tester feeds back each material inlet control valve by computer, regulates separately flow and controls automatically.

In the method according to generation steam provided by the invention, described material is meant fuel, air and water.It is according to producing vapor volume that fuel and air mix in blender, the Chemical Calculation equivalent that is calculated by chemical combustion calorie value balance is mixed, in order to make fuel combustion fully complete, the common excessive 1.2-13 of air doubly, make fuel combustion fully complete, so that the raising thermal efficiency reduces cost, increase economic benefit.

Described steam raising plant is as above-mentioned steam raising plant provided by the invention, because apparatus of the present invention project organization is reasonable, unique, the fuel inlet nozzle layer is located at combustion zone, top, inner cylinder body top, the band pressurized fuel sprays into the combustion zone by nozzle and is even vaporific distribution, forming glowing flame after ignition seals directly to the bottom, it is outside high that glowing flame is sealed temperature, inner low, reach 1800-1200 ℃, heat is to the circumference radiation, make in one minute that temperature rises to about 1800-2000 ℃ in the whole inner cylinder body, be located at the multilayer water inlet nozzle on the cylinder, because every layer of number and angle that nozzle is provided with, and each nozzle of each layer sprays into the water yield, (production capacity and quantity of steam) is provided with different numbers and temperature as required, and different injection flow rates, it is 1.0-1.5MPa that water sprays into pressure, can seal with glowing flame fully and comprehensively fully contact, carry out heat exchange rapidly, produce a large amount of steam, make glowing flame seal temperature and become internal temperature and be higher than external temperature, especially lower near near the temperature simplified inner surface of the interior circle place, to inner surface formation temperature degree of passing and produce hot-fluid, heat exchange is more abundant by the center in formation.Inner cylinder body does not need the high-quality insulation material, for example the high-strength high temperature-resistant insulation material.Top layer water inlet nozzle is arranged near fuel inlet nozzle, avoids inner cylinder body end face partial zones to be the high-temperature region.The setting of multilayer nozzle can make water and glowing flame seal repeatedly fully to contact to carry out heat exchange, and Btu utilization is more abundant, thereby has improved the thermal efficiency; And can effectively control temperature and steam generating amount in the whole inner cylinder body, and prevent that bottom temp is overheated, it is too much to be taken out of heat by product vapor, influences the thermal efficiency.

Be located at each layer water inlet nozzle layer neighbouring thermometric and pressure measurement amount device and in time record the temperature and pressure signal, the inlet amount and the speed of each charging control valve of feedback after the Computer Processing through linking therewith, at any time adjust the thermal balance and the dynamic equilibrium of system, make system be in the optimal operations running status all the time.

The characteristics that can control steam raising plant and generation vaporization method automatically provided by the invention are:

1, small portable, cost is low, and small investment is easy and simple to handle, control operation automatically.

2, thermal efficiency height is 90-100%; Maintenance cost is low.

3, fuel tolerance is strong, but using gases, liquid and powdered fuel or Solid-liquid Mixed Fuel.

4, the device start-stop is convenient, and adjustability is strong, by computer at any time the steam regulation generating capacity, and can several parallel connections use together.

Can be widely used in heating, steam, hot water, refrigeration, drying, the chemical reaction according to steam raising plant provided by the invention, recover the oil in the oil field, promotes plant equipment and generating; As making distilled water, water treatment facilities, water desalination apparatus, sterilization or the like.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation sketch of steam raising plant,

Fig. 2 is that the water inlet inlet nozzle layer section of steam raising plant arranged schematic diagram,

Fig. 3 is the inside and outside circle cylindrical shell generalized section of steam raising plant,

Fig. 4 is the fuel combination inlet nozzle and the ignition module schematic diagram of steam raising plant.

Code name explanation among the figure

1 dome, 2 exterior cylinders, 3 inner cylinder bodies

4 fuel inlet nozzle assemblies, 5 water inlet nozzle layers, 6 air control valves

7 blenders, 8 fuel control valves, 9 water inlet control valves

10 temperature measuring equipment 11 pressure testers, 12 inner chambers or an and chamber

The specific embodiment

The present invention further specifies the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with following specific embodiments, but protection domain of the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments.

Embodiment 1

The steam raising plant that can control automatically provided by the invention and generation vaporization method thereof, comprise an exterior cylinder 2 and an inner cylinder body 3, one water flowing inner chamber 12 is arranged between inner cylinder body and exterior cylinder, the radial difference that constitutes inner chamber is that the difference in internal diameters of inner cylinder body external diameter and exterior cylinder is 3 centimetres, the draw ratio of cylinder, the internal diameter that promptly refers to inner cylinder body is 1: 3 with the ratio of length, long 1.8 meters of cylinder, 60 centimetres of cylinder diameters.The center fuel inlet of the dome 1 of inside and outside circle cylindrical shell is 5 cm diameters, the blender 7 that is arranged on this fuel inlet top is commercially available universal blender, the fuel and the air that enter blender at first pass through combustion chemistry heat balance amount of calculation, but adopt the about 1.2-1.3 of air excess stoichiometrical air doubly usually.

At first with the automatic regulating valve 6,8 of above-mentioned predetermined computation amount by linking with computer, the pressure of fuel and air is respectively 1.36Mpa, and the awl bottom outlet is 8 cm diameters.The fuel inlet nozzle and the igniter assembly 4 that are located at the fuel inlet below comprise 5 nozzles and an electric spark device, as Fig. 4, fuel and air enter fuel inlet nozzle after mixing by blender, the spark device of electricity consumption simultaneously fire fuel forms glowing flame and seals, make in one minute that temperature raises rapidly in the inner cylinder body, glowing flame is sealed and is external temperature and is higher than internal temperature, reaches 2000 ℃.On inner cylinder body, along the inner cylinder body circumferential section four layers of water inlet nozzle are set from top to bottom, apart from dome difference 10,60,120,160 centimetres, each layer number of nozzle difference 36,36,24,24, nozzle angle does not wait for about 45 °-60 °, each layer nozzle sprays into water and controls the water yield that sprays into by each layer chamber 12 (automatic regulating valve is not shown), spraying into water pressure is 1.36Mpa, behind ignited fuel, sprayed water in about 1 minute, the high temperature glowing flame is sealed instantaneously evenly fully to be contacted with water, heat transmits feedwater rapidly and produces a large amount of steam, per hour generation contains oxygen and carbon dioxide steam provisional constitution 40-60 ton, and this steam is then constantly outside band is depressed let-off gear(stand); Meanwhile be located near each nozzle layer temperature-sensitive element and pressure tester and in time record temperature and pressure in the combustion zone, feed back in computer; So that in time adjust the admission velocity of control fuel, air and water.Calculating the thermal efficiency after tested is 97.8%.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of steam raising plant that can control automatically is characterized in that comprising an exterior cylinder (2) and an inner cylinder body (3), and a water flowing inner chamber (12) is arranged between inner cylinder body and exterior cylinder; The inside and outside circle cylindrical shell has a common dome (1), and there is a fuel inlet at the dome center, and blender (7) is established in the fuel inlet top, links to each other with fuel inlet by pipeline, and fuel inlet nozzle and ignition module (4) are established in the fuel inlet below; The bottom of inner cylinder body and exterior cylinder is taper, and the awl end is a steam (vapor) outlet; Be provided with multilayer water inlet nozzle (5) along circumferential section up and down at described inner cylinder body; Angle is 20-80 ° angle between this nozzle and the inner cylinder body wall, and every layer of nozzle established 4-60 nozzle; On cylinder, be provided with a plurality of thermometrics (10) and pressure tester (11), and automatic regulating valve (2,6,13), and link with computer and to realize control automatically.

2, steam raising plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described inner cylinder body internal diameter and the ratio of length are 1: 5.

3, steam raising plant according to claim 2 is characterized in that the described inner cylinder body internal diameter and the ratio of length are 1: 2-4.

4, steam raising plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that fuel nozzle is that 3-5 nozzle arranged round central nozzle in described fuel inlet nozzle and the ignition module.

5, steam raising plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that described water inlet nozzle is a layer 2-4.

6, the method for a speciogenesis steam comprises

---fuel and air fully mix through blender by the predetermined computation amount;

---in steam raising plant, mixed fuel enters the combustion zone by fuel inlet nozzle, produces glowing flame by the igniter fire fuel and seals, and temperature is up to 1800-2000 ℃, and it is 1.0-1.5Mpa that described mixing back fuel enters pressure;

---spray into predetermined water gaging from the water in inner chamber or chamber by each layer water inlet nozzle and seal with glowing flame and contact, it is 1.0-1.5Mpa that water sprays into pressure, carry out heat exchange rapidly and produce steam, product contains the steam of nitrogen and carbon dioxide via conical lower portion outlet derivation;

---the temperature and pressure signal that is recorded by thermometric and pressure tester feeds back each material inlet automatic regulating valve by computer, regulates separately flow and controls automatically.

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