CN116255907A - Full-size measuring method for deformed steel bar - Google Patents
Full-size measuring method for deformed steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN116255907A CN116255907A CN202310277047.1A CN202310277047A CN116255907A CN 116255907 A CN116255907 A CN 116255907A CN 202310277047 A CN202310277047 A CN 202310277047A CN 116255907 A CN116255907 A CN 116255907A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/03—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Abstract
A full-size measuring method for deformed steel bars comprises the following steps of S1: installing a 2d camera sensor on the fixture, and then acquiring a screw steel image through the 2d camera sensor; s2: performing image processing on the contour data continuously acquired in the step S1 to acquire the 2d shape of the target object; s3: the relative distance from each point of the concave-convex profile of the deformed steel bar to the 2d camera sensor is obtained on the basis of the step S2, the first obtained position point is measured each time to be defined as an original point, and an X-Y rectangular coordinate system is established; s4: calculating related parameters of the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs through software; the method of the invention can be applied to both on-line and off-line measurements. When the invention is used for online measurement, all geometric parameters of different parts of each deformed steel bar in rolling can be detected, and the deformed steel bar diameter measuring instrument used by the current enterprises can only detect 3 geometric parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement, in particular to a full-size measuring method for deformed steel bars.
Background
With the continuous national requirements for improving the quality of deformed steel bars, based on the current state of deformed steel bar production technology, the geometric dimensions of finished rolled products are difficult to ensure that each batch and each part of each product are consistent. The complete and accurate measurement of online pair screw thread steel geometry is a critical device for enterprises.
At present, the online deformed steel bar measuring instrument used by partial steel rolling enterprises cannot fully detect deformed steel bar geometric parameters under national standard 1499.2018 due to the performance of an equipped sensor, and the detection precision cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the complete and accurate rolled material quality information of the rolled material cannot be provided for the process management department.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, the 2d camera is adopted as the main measuring sensor, and the geometry of the screw steel in two scenes is measured according to different using characteristics of on-line measurement and off-line measurement by different combinations and calculation methods of the measuring sensors.
The invention relates to a full-size measuring method for deformed steel bars, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
s1: installing a 2d camera sensor on the fixture, and then acquiring a screw steel image through the 2d camera sensor;
s2: performing image processing on the contour data continuously acquired in the step S1 to acquire the 2d shape of the target object;
s3: the relative distance from each point of the concave-convex profile of the deformed steel bar to the 2d camera sensor is obtained on the basis of the step S2, the first obtained position point is measured each time to be defined as an original point, and an X-Y rectangular coordinate system is established;
s4: and calculating related parameters of the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs through software.
The required measurement dimensions are: the transverse rib width b, the transverse rib height h, the transverse rib inclination angle alpha, the transverse rib spacing L, the base circle diameter d, the longitudinal rib width a, the longitudinal rib height h1 and the longitudinal rib inclination angle theta.
S4, the specific calculation method for measuring the related data of the transverse rib comprises the following steps:
the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is placed vertically (parallel to the axial direction 3) with the screw steel transverse rib 1, the relative distance between each point of the concave-convex outline of the transverse rib 1 and the 2d camera sensor is obtained, the first obtained position point is measured at each time to be defined as an origin, and an X-Y rectangular coordinate system is established.
A. Establishing a collection
Establishing a measurement range of the 2d camera sensor with the set A= { x-0 +.x +.ltoreq.L } L as the set B= { Y-Y (x) 0 +.ltoreq.x +.ltoreq.L }
B. Selecting minimum and maximum values from the set B
Namely Y1 min ＝Min∈{B}
Y max ＝Max∈{B}
C. Determining feature coordinate points
Based on structural differences between the cross rib profile and the base circle profile of the deformed steel bar, the relative distances between the cross rib profile and the base circle profile measured by the 2d camera sensor are different, and a group of regular step signal pattern signals are obtained after each 2d camera sensor measurement.
The feature point coordinates after each measurement are determined as follows, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 and X11, X22, X33, X44, X55, X66, by analysis and calculation by computer software.
D. Calculation of parameters of the transverse rib 1
Transverse rib height h=y max －Y1 min
Transverse rib width b= (X2-X1) = (X4-X3) = (X6-X5)
The inter-rib distance l= (x3+x4)/2- (x1+x2)/2= (x5+x6)/2- (x3+x4)/2
Transverse rib inclination angle α=arctan (Y max －Y 1min )/(X3－X33)
S4, the concrete calculation method for measuring the relevant data of the longitudinal ribs comprises the following steps:
the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is perpendicular to the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib (perpendicular to the axial direction 3), the relative distance between each point of the concave-convex profile of the longitudinal rib section and the 2d camera sensor is obtained, the first obtained position point is measured at each time to be defined as an origin, and a rectangular Z-Y coordinate system is established.
A. Establishing a collection
Establishing a set C= { Z-0 +.z.ltoreq.L }
Establishing a set D= { Y-Y (Z) 0.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.L }
B. Selecting minimum value in collection
I.e. Y 2min ＝Min∈{D}
C. Determining feature coordinate points
The feature point coordinates at each measurement are determined by the analysis and calculation of the computer 'compiling software', as follows
Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5、Z6
D. Calculation of parameters of the longitudinal ribs 4
Base circle diameter d=z6-Z1
Longitudinal rib width a=z4-Z3
Longitudinal rib height h1=y max －Y 2min
Longitudinal rib inclination θ=arctan h 1/c= (Y) max －Y 2min )/(Z3－Z2)
The 2d camera sensor comprises a shell, a semiconductor laser, a lens and a signal processor, wherein the semiconductor laser, the lens and the signal processor are arranged in the shell, light emitted by the semiconductor laser forms an X-plane light curtain through the lens, a contour line is formed on a measured object, the lens collects light reflected by the object and projects the light to a two-dimensional CMOS array, the formed target object profile graph is analyzed and processed by the signal processor, the length of the contour line is measured by an X axis, and the height of the contour line is measured by a Z axis, for example (figure-2-A).
The measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is perpendicular to the screw steel transverse rib 1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method of the invention can be applied to both on-line and off-line measurements.
When the invention is used for online measurement, all geometric parameters of different parts of each deformed steel bar in rolling can be detected, and the deformed steel bar diameter measuring instrument used by the current enterprises can only detect 3 geometric parameters.
When the method is used for off-line measurement, the manual card quantity method adopted by the current enterprises can be eliminated. Providing more complete and accurate quality information of rolled materials for different using departments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the inventive 2d camera sensor measurement principle;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the inventive 2d camera sensor measurement principle;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of the invention for measuring the deformed steel bar transverse rib 1;
fig. 4 is a measuring structure diagram of an invention deformed steel bar transverse rib 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the invention for measuring the deformed steel bar transverse rib 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the structure of the invention for measuring the deformed steel bar transverse rib 1;
FIG. 7 is a view showing a measuring structure of the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a view showing a measuring structure of the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a measuring structure of the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the structure of the invention for measuring the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib 4;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the measurement data needed when used for on-line measurement.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the measurement data needed when used for on-line measurement.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the measurement data needed when used for on-line measurement.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the measurement data needed when used for on-line measurement.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the measuring cross rib 1 of the present invention for off-line measurement;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of FIG. 15 according to the present invention at B;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the measuring cross rib 1 of the present invention for off-line measurement;
FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of FIG. 17 according to the present invention at A;
fig. 19 is a schematic view of the measuring cross rib 2 of the present invention when used for off-line measurement.
FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of FIG. 19 at C in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 21 is a schematic view of the measuring cross rib 2 of the present invention when used for off-line measurement.
Fig. 22 is an enlarged view of fig. 21 at D of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic view of the profile of the screw-thread steel at the time of measurement according to the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a graph of a step pattern signal of a deformed steel bar at the time of measurement according to the present invention.
As shown in the figure, a semiconductor laser generator (1), a lens (2), a contour line (3), a lens (4), a two-dimensional CMOS array (5), a signal processor (6), and an object (7).
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention relates to a full-size measuring method for deformed steel bars, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
s1: mounting a 2d camera sensor on the device, placing the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor and the transverse rib of the screw steel vertically (parallel to the axial direction 3), and then collecting screw steel images through the 2d camera sensor;
s2: performing image processing on the contour data continuously acquired in the step S1 to acquire the 2d shape of the target object;
s3: the relative distance from each point of the concave-convex profile of the deformed steel bar to the 2d camera sensor is obtained on the basis of the step S2, the first obtained position point is measured each time to be defined as an original point, and an X-Y rectangular coordinate system is established;
s4: calculating the transverse rib width b, the transverse rib height h, the transverse rib inclination angle alpha and the transverse rib spacing L through software;
A. establishing a collection
Establishing a measurement range of the 2d camera sensor with the set A= { x-0 +.x +.ltoreq.L } L as the set B= { Y-Y (x) 0 +.ltoreq.x +.ltoreq.L }
B. Selecting minimum and maximum values from the set B
I.e. y1min=min e { B }
Ymax＝Max∈{B}
C. Determining feature coordinate points
The feature point coordinates after each measurement are determined by the analysis and calculation of the computer 'compiling software', as follows
X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 and X11, X22, X33, X44, X55, X66
D. Calculation of parameters of the transverse rib 1
Transverse rib height h=ymax-Y1 min
Transverse rib width b= (X2-X1) = (X4-X3) = (X6-X5)
The inter-rib distance l= (x3+x4)/2- (x1+x2)/2= (x5+x6)/2- (x3+x4)/2
Rib inclination angle α=arctan (Ymax-Y1 min)/(X3-X33);
s5: the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is perpendicular to the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib (perpendicular to the axial direction 3), the relative distance between each point of the concave-convex profile of the longitudinal rib section and the 2d camera sensor is obtained, the first obtained position point is measured at each time to be defined as an origin, and a rectangular Z-Y coordinate system is established. Measuring data of a base circle diameter d, a longitudinal rib width a, a longitudinal rib height h1 and a longitudinal rib inclination angle theta of a deformed steel bar longitudinal rib;
A. establishing a collection
Establishing a set C= { Z-0 +.z.ltoreq.L }
Establishing a set D= { Y-Y (Z) 0.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.L }
B. Selecting minimum value in collection
I.e. y2min=min e { D }
C. Determining feature coordinate points
The feature point coordinates after each measurement are determined by the analysis and calculation of the computer 'compiling software', as follows:
Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5、Z6
D. calculation of parameters of the longitudinal ribs 4
Base circle diameter d=z6-Z1
Longitudinal rib width a=z4-Z3
Longitudinal rib height h1=ymax-Y2 min
Longitudinal rib inclination θ=arctan h 1/c= (Ymax-Y2 min)/(Z3-Z2)
Note that: the above parameters are all calculated by "compiling software".
Example 2
For on-line measurement, as shown in
1. Measurement mode and configuration of 2d camera sensor
Since the rolled screw steel is in a motion state of rolling traveling and rolling around the rolling direction t at an irregular time, 2d camera sensors are required to be rotatable or swingable around the rolling direction t in order to capture information of the transverse rib and the longitudinal rib of the screw 1, and thus the main disc body fixed to the 2d camera sensors is required to be rotatable or swingable.
Based on the cross-section structure (mutually perpendicular) of the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs of the deformed steel rolled material, at least two mutually perpendicular 2d camera sensors are configured, the main disc body is connected with a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the main disc body to rotate or swing around the rolled material around the rolling direction t, so that the circumferential profile of the rolled material is measured by the pair of 2d camera sensors.
2. Measurement method, as shown in
When the 2d camera sensor is perpendicular to the deformed steel bar transverse rib in a moving state, continuous step-type data information of the transverse rib as shown in the figure is captured. When the 2d camera sensor is parallel to the screw steel, non-stepped data information of the longitudinal ribs as shown in the figure is captured. The transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs are perpendicular to each other, and the 2d camera sensor captures discontinuous step-type data information.
Based on different types of data information captured by the 2d camera sensor, the instantaneous cross section profile state of the screw-thread steel is analyzed and judged through 'compiling software', the related information of the transverse ribs is directly obtained, and the transverse rib height h, the transverse rib b, the transverse rib spacing L and the transverse rib inclination angle alpha are calculated. Through communication between the 2d camera sensor and another 2d camera sensor, the 2d camera sensor can acquire the related information of the longitudinal rib at the same time and calculate the base circle diameter d, the longitudinal rib width a, the longitudinal rib height h1 and the longitudinal rib inclination angle theta.
Example 3
For off-line measurements;
using a 2d camera sensor, a device with the following characteristics was installed:
the support below is installed on the base, and the upper end is installed 2d camera sensor, installs the screw thread steel sample on the support, and 2d camera sensor's measuring direction is parallel with screw thread steel sample's axial t, and the carousel can rotate on the base.
A. Measuring parameters related to the transverse rib 1, e.g. (FIGS. 15-18)
And starting a first measuring button, and acquiring the data of the concave-convex profile of the cross rib of the screw steel sample piece point by a 2d camera sensor, and calculating the width b, the height h, the inclination angle alpha and the spacing L of the cross rib by compiling software.
B. Measuring parameters related to longitudinal ribs, e.g. FIGS. 19-22
After the transverse rib measurement is finished, the rotary table is shifted clockwise to the 90-degree position and locked, the second measurement button is started, and the screw steel sample piece is pushed by a hand or a motor to do reciprocating linear motion along the t-axis direction. In the moving process, the 2d camera sensor acquires the point-by-point data of the concave-convex profile of the longitudinal rib, and calculates the longitudinal rib height h1, the longitudinal rib width a, the longitudinal rib inclination angle theta and the base circle diameter d through compiling software.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. Various components mentioned in the present invention are common in the art, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A full-size measuring method for deformed steel bars comprises the following specific operation steps:
s1: installing a 2d camera sensor on the fixture, and then acquiring a screw steel image through the 2d camera sensor;
s2: performing image processing on the contour data continuously acquired in the step S1 to acquire the 2d shape of the target object;
s3: the relative distance from each point of the concave-convex profile of the deformed steel bar to the 2d camera sensor is obtained on the basis of the step S2, the first obtained position point is measured each time to be defined as an original point, and an X-Y rectangular coordinate system is established;
s4: calculating related parameters of the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs through software;
the required measurement dimensions are: the transverse rib width b, the transverse rib height h, the transverse rib inclination angle alpha, the transverse rib spacing L, the base circle diameter d, the longitudinal rib width a, the longitudinal rib height h1 and the longitudinal rib inclination angle theta.
2. The full-size measuring method of the deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculating method of the data related to the measuring cross rib in the step S4 is as follows:
the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is placed vertically (parallel to the axial direction 3) with the screw steel transverse rib 1, the relative distance between each point of the concave-convex outline of the transverse rib 1 and the 2d camera sensor is obtained, the first obtained position point is measured at each time to be defined as an origin, and an X-Y rectangular coordinate system is established.
A. Establishing a collection
Establishing a measurement range of the 2d camera sensor with the set A= { x-0 +.x +.ltoreq.L } L as the set B= { Y-Y (x) 0 +.ltoreq.x +.ltoreq.L }
B. Selecting minimum and maximum values from the set B
Namely Y1 min ＝Min∈{B}
Y max ＝Max∈{B}
C. Determining feature coordinate points
Based on the structural difference between the cross rib profile and the base circle profile of the deformed steel bar, the relative distances between the cross rib profile and the base circle profile measured by the 2d camera sensor are different, and a group of regular step signal patterns are obtained after each 2d camera sensor measures;
the feature point coordinates of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 and X11, X22, X33, X44, X55 and X66 after each measurement are determined by analysis and calculation of computer software
D. Calculation of parameters of the transverse rib 1
Transverse rib height h=y max －Y1 min
Transverse rib width b= (X2-X1) = (X4-X3) = (X6-X5)
The inter-rib distance l= (x3+x4)/2- (x1+x2)/2= (x5+x6)/2- (x3+x4)/2
Transverse rib inclination angle α=arctan (Y max －Y 1min )/(X3－X33)
3. The full-size measuring method for deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculating method for measuring the longitudinal rib related data in S4 comprises the following steps:
the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is perpendicular to the deformed steel bar longitudinal rib 4 (perpendicular to the axial direction 3), the relative distance from each point of the concave-convex profile of the cross section of the longitudinal rib 3 to the 2d camera sensor is obtained, the first obtained position point is measured each time and is defined as an origin, and a rectangular Z-Y coordinate system is established.
A. Establishing a collection
Establishing a set C= { Z-0 +.z.ltoreq.L }
Establishing a set D= { Y-Y (Z) 0.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.L }
B. Selecting minimum value in collection
I.e. Y 2min ＝Min∈{D}
C. Determining feature coordinate points
The feature point coordinates after each measurement are determined by the analysis and calculation of the computer 'compiling software', as follows
Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5、Z6
D. Calculation of parameters of the longitudinal ribs 4
Base circle diameter d=z6-Z1
Longitudinal rib width a=z4-Z3
Longitudinal rib height h1=y max －Y 2min
Longitudinal rib inclination θ=arctan h 1/c= (Y) max －Y 2min )/(Z3－Z2)
4. The full-size measuring method for the threaded steel according to claim 1, wherein the 2d camera sensor comprises a shell, a semiconductor laser, a lens and a signal processor, wherein the semiconductor laser, the lens and the signal processor are installed in the shell, light emitted by the semiconductor laser forms an X-plane light curtain through the lens, a contour line is formed on a measured object, the lens collects light reflected by the object and projects the light to a two-dimensional CMOS array, the section pattern of the formed target object is analyzed and processed by the signal processor, the length of the contour line is measured by an X-axis, and the height of the contour line is measured by a Z-axis.
5. The full-size measuring method for the deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the measuring direction of the 2d camera sensor is perpendicular to the transverse rib 1 of the deformed steel bar.
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