CN116254572A - Metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN116254572A
CN116254572A CN202310180030.4A CN202310180030A CN116254572A CN 116254572 A CN116254572 A CN 116254572A CN 202310180030 A CN202310180030 A CN 202310180030A CN 116254572 A CN116254572 A CN 116254572A
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conductive polymer
carbon dioxide
copper
stirring
deionized water
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段静静
邵天晔
杨康
陈�胜
李强
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: firstly, respectively dissolving conductive polymer monomers and an oxidant in deionized water, stirring in an ice bath, slowly dripping the oxidant solution into the monomer solution, and stirring for reaction under a constant-temperature water bath. Washing, freeze drying and grinding to obtain conductive polymer powder. Dispersing conductive polymer powder in deionized water, vigorously stirring until the conductive polymer powder is uniformly dispersed, then adding a metal precursor and a surfactant, uniformly stirring, maintaining a constant-temperature water bath, adding a reducing agent, and reacting under the conditions of stirring and constant temperature. The final product is washed and freeze-dried to obtain the metal/conductive polymer catalyst. The invention is applied to electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, the porous structure and specific surface area of the conductive polymer inhibit metal particle aggregation clusters, and the conductive polymer has good electron transmission performance, effectively reduces the impedance among material particles, and promotes the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into a multi-carbon product.

Description

Metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of new energy conversion.
Background
Carbon dioxide conversion technology relates to research in the multidisciplinary intersection field, and comprises four main high-efficiency utilization technologies of electrochemistry, thermochemistry, photochemistry and biochemistry, wherein the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide is paid attention to widely because of the advantages of mild reaction conditions, rich and controllable products, modularized design and the like. In addition, the electrochemical conversion technology is combined with the new energy power generation technology, the electric energy converted by renewable energy sources is used for driving the carbon dioxide to be converted into high-heat-value fuel and high-added-value chemicals, the renewable electric energy is stored in a chemical bond, and the further utilization of the chemical product generated by the carbon dioxide conversion forms a closed loop for the co-conversion of energy and substances.
Currently, the main research direction of electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide is to perform efficient reduction reaction of captured carbon dioxide to generate various catalytic products including carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH) 4 ) And ethylene (C) 2 H 4 ) Etc. Carbon dioxide, however, results in a higher thermodynamic activation energy for catalytic reduction due to a stable and chemically inert linear molecular structure. In addition to the thermodynamic properties, carbon dioxide reduction involves a multi-step process of multi-proton coupling, multi-electron transfer with higher reaction energy barriers, resulting in its slow kinetic properties. Thus, research and development of high-activity electrocatalysts for improving Faraday and energy efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction, and electrocatalytic activity on carbon dioxideThe chemical reduction has important significance.
Copper is a special metal catalyst that can catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide to a multi-carbon product, such as ethylene, which has high economic value. Copper catalysts still exhibit poor carbon dioxide reduction activity, selectivity and stability. In addition, metal particle catalysts exhibit a tendency to agglomerate during electrochemical processes, reducing the catalytic active area and surface energy, resulting in a transition in electrocatalytic performance. Currently, polymer modification of copper catalysts is an important approach to improve carbon dioxide reduction performance. The invention synthesizes the conductive polymer with uniform shape and size by adopting a constant temperature oxidation polymerization method, has abundant pore structure and surface area, and is a good carrier for loading metal particles with catalytic activity. The conductive polymer has electronic conductivity after self structure or doping, can effectively reduce the impedance among metal particles, and activates carbon dioxide molecules to reduce the reaction energy barrier. In addition, the polymer contains nitrogen and sulfur groups and doped functional groups, so that metal atoms can be stabilized, cluster aggregation of metal particles in an electrochemical process is effectively inhibited, and electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into a multi-carbon product is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems: overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a preparation method of a metal/conductive polymer catalyst and application thereof in electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, and improves the reduction activity of the carbon dioxide.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, comprising the steps of:
step 1: respectively dissolving conductive polymer monomers and oxidant in deionized water, and stirring in an ice bath until the conductive polymer monomers and oxidant are uniformly dispersed; slowly dripping the oxidant solution into the monomer solution, and stirring the mixture for reaction in a constant-temperature water bath; after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, and grinding after freeze drying to obtain conductive polymer powder;
step 2: dispersing conductive polymer powder in deionized water, and vigorously stirring until the conductive polymer powder is uniformly dispersed; then adding a metal precursor and a surfactant into the dispersion liquid, and magnetically stirring uniformly; thermostatic water bath, adding a reducing agent into the mixed solution, and continuing to stir and react under the thermostatic condition; and after the reaction is finished, centrifugal washing is carried out by using deionized water and ethanol, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying.
Further defined, in step 1, the conductive polymer monomer is aniline, pyrrole or thiophene.
In the step 1, the oxidant is ferric chloride hexahydrate or ammonium persulfate.
In step 1, the molar ratio of the conductive polymer monomer to the oxidant is 1:1-4.
In the step 1, the temperature of the constant temperature water bath reaction is 0-100 ℃.
In step 2, the metal precursor is copper acetate monohydrate, copper chloride dihydrate or copper sulfate pentahydrate, and the copper loading is 20-50wt% corresponding to the conductive polymer powder.
In step 2, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone, trisodium citrate dihydrate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
In the step 2, the constant temperature water bath temperature is 0-100 ℃.
In the step 2, the reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or vitamin C.
In the step 2, the reaction time of the constant temperature water bath is 30-180 minutes after the addition of the reducing agent.
The metal/conductive polymer catalyst is used for carbon dioxide reduction reaction in a liquid flow electrolytic cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the synthesized conductive polymer has high polymerization degree by adopting a constant-temperature oxidation polymerization method, is granular in shape and uniform in size, has rich porous structure and surface area, and is an ideal carrier for loading nano metal particles as catalytic active centers; 2. the conductive polymer has good electron transmission performance, and effectively reduces the impedance among material particles; 3. the nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing or doping groups in the polymer molecules can stabilize the metal nanoparticles to prevent clusters from aggregation; 4. metal/conductive polymer catalysts exhibit excellent dioxygenCarbon conversion reduction performance, can be at-600 mA/cm 2 An ethylene selectivity of 40.9% was obtained at current density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of polypyrrole nanoparticles prepared in examples 1-4 of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 1 of the present invention (copper loading of 20 wt%).
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 2 of the present invention (copper loading of 30 wt%).
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 3 of the present invention (copper loading 40 wt%).
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of a copper/polypyrrole catalyst (copper loading of 50 wt%) prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the polythiophene nanoparticle prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of a copper/polythiophene catalyst (copper loading 40 wt%) prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a graph showing the faraday efficiencies of the gas products at various current densities for the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 1 of this invention (copper loading of 20 wt%).
Figure 9 is a graph showing the faraday efficiencies of the gas products at various current densities for the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 2 of this invention (copper loading of 30 wt%).
Figure 10 is a graph showing the faraday efficiencies of the gas products at various current densities for the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 3 of this invention (copper loading 40 wt%).
FIG. 11 is a graph showing Faraday efficiencies of the gas products at various current densities for the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in example 4 of this invention (copper loading of 50 wt%).
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the Faraday efficiency of the gas product at various current densities for the copper/polythiophene catalyst prepared in example 5 of the present invention (copper loading 40 wt%).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by other persons skilled in the art without making any creative effort fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Step 1: 0.1ml (1.444 mmol) of pyrrole monomer and 1.444mmol of ammonium persulfate were dissolved in 10ml and 20ml of deionized water respectively, and stirred in an ice bath until they were uniformly dispersed. The oxidant solution was slowly added dropwise to the monomer solution and the reaction was continued with stirring under ice bath conditions for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, freeze-drying for 24 hours, and grinding to obtain polypyrrole powder.
Step 2: 40mg of polypyrrole powder was dispersed in 40ml of deionized water with vigorous stirring until uniformly dispersed. 26.73mg of cupric chloride dihydrate and 400mg of trisodium citrate dihydrate were then added to the dispersion and stirred magnetically well. Heating in water bath to 60 ℃, then dripping 1ml of hydrazine hydrate into the mixed solution, and continuing to react for 30 minutes under the condition of stirring and heating. After the reaction, deionized water and ethanol are repeatedly used for centrifugal washing, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying for 24 hours.
Step 3: copper/polypyrrole catalyst is dispersed in deionized water, isopropanol and Nafion mixed liquid, and the mixture is ultrasonically and uniformly dispersed and sprayed on a carbon paper substrate to prepare the electrode. The electrode plate is assembled into a working electrode by using a copper conductive adhesive tape, foam nickel is used as a counter electrode, ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, electrolyte is 1-7M potassium hydroxide solution, the flow rate range of the electrolyte is 1-10ml/min, and the flow rate range of carbon dioxide gas is 20-100sccm. The carbon dioxide electroreduction performance of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst was tested in a flow cell.
The scanning electron microscope image of the polypyrrole prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the appearance of the conductive polymer is of a spherical particle structure.
The scanning electron microscope graph of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and when the copper load is 20wt%, copper particles can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of polypyrrole, and no obvious agglomeration phenomenon exists.
As shown in FIG. 8, the copper/polypyrrole catalyst synthesized in this example exhibited excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance at-200 mA/cm 2 An ethylene selectivity of 31.3% was obtained at current density.
Example 2
Step 1: 0.1ml (1.444 mmol) of pyrrole monomer and 1.444mmol of ammonium persulfate were dissolved in 10ml and 20ml of deionized water respectively, and stirred in an ice bath until they were uniformly dispersed. The oxidant solution was slowly added dropwise to the monomer solution and the reaction was continued with stirring under ice bath conditions for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, freeze-drying for 24 hours, and grinding to obtain polypyrrole powder.
Step 2: 40mg of polypyrrole powder was dispersed in 40ml of deionized water with vigorous stirring until uniformly dispersed. 46.02mg of cupric chloride dihydrate and 400mg of trisodium citrate dihydrate were then added to the dispersion and stirred magnetically well. Heating in water bath to 60 ℃, then dripping 1ml of hydrazine hydrate into the mixed solution, and continuing to react for 30 minutes under the condition of stirring and heating. After the reaction, deionized water and ethanol are repeatedly used for centrifugal washing, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying for 24 hours.
Step 3: copper/polypyrrole catalyst is dispersed in deionized water, isopropanol and Nafion mixed liquid, and the mixture is ultrasonically and uniformly dispersed and sprayed on a carbon paper substrate to prepare the electrode. The electrode plate is assembled into a working electrode by using a copper conductive adhesive tape, foam nickel is used as a counter electrode, ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, electrolyte is 1-7M potassium hydroxide solution, the flow rate range of the electrolyte is 1-10ml/min, and the flow rate range of carbon dioxide gas is 20-100sccm. The carbon dioxide electroreduction performance of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst was tested in a flow cell.
The scanning electron microscope graph of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, when the copper loading is 30wt%, more copper particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of polypyrrole, no obvious agglomeration phenomenon exists, and the loading of copper particles can be influenced by the addition amount of the metal precursor.
As shown in FIG. 9, the copper/polypyrrole catalyst synthesized in this example exhibited excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance at-200 mA/cm 2 An ethylene selectivity of 35.9% was obtained at current density.
Example 3
Step 1: 0.1ml (1.444 mmol) of pyrrole monomer and 1.444mmol of ammonium persulfate were dissolved in 10ml and 20ml of deionized water respectively, and stirred in an ice bath until they were uniformly dispersed. The oxidant solution was slowly added dropwise to the monomer solution and the reaction was continued with stirring under ice bath conditions for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, freeze-drying for 24 hours, and grinding to obtain polypyrrole powder.
Step 2: 40mg of polypyrrole powder was dispersed in 40ml of deionized water with vigorous stirring until uniformly dispersed. 71.55mg of cupric chloride dihydrate and 400mg of trisodium citrate dihydrate were then added to the dispersion and stirred magnetically well. Heating in water bath to 60 ℃, then dripping 1ml of hydrazine hydrate into the mixed solution, and continuing to react for 30 minutes under the condition of stirring and heating. After the reaction, deionized water and ethanol are repeatedly used for centrifugal washing, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying for 24 hours.
Step 3: copper/polypyrrole catalyst is dispersed in deionized water, isopropanol and Nafion mixed liquid, and the mixture is ultrasonically and uniformly dispersed and sprayed on a carbon paper substrate to prepare the electrode. The electrode plate is assembled into a working electrode by using a copper conductive adhesive tape, foam nickel is used as a counter electrode, ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, electrolyte is 1-7M potassium hydroxide solution, the flow rate range of the electrolyte is 1-10ml/min, and the flow rate range of carbon dioxide gas is 20-100sccm. The carbon dioxide electroreduction performance of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst was tested in a flow cell.
The scanning electron microscope graph of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 4, when the copper loading is 40wt%, more copper particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of polypyrrole, no obvious agglomeration phenomenon exists, and the loading of copper particles can be influenced by the addition amount of the metal precursor.
As shown in FIG. 10, the copper/polypyrrole catalyst synthesized in this example exhibited excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance at-600 mA/cm 2 An ethylene selectivity of 40.9% was obtained at current density.
Example 4
Step 1: 0.1ml (1.444 mmol) of pyrrole monomer and 1.444mmol of ammonium persulfate were dissolved in 10ml and 20ml of deionized water respectively, and stirred in an ice bath until they were uniformly dispersed. The oxidant solution was slowly added dropwise to the monomer solution and the reaction was continued with stirring under ice bath conditions for 6 hours. And after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, freeze-drying for 24 hours, and grinding to obtain polypyrrole powder.
Step 2: 40mg of polypyrrole powder was dispersed in 40ml of deionized water with vigorous stirring until uniformly dispersed. 107.32mg of cupric chloride dihydrate and 400mg of trisodium citrate dihydrate were then added to the dispersion and stirred magnetically well. Heating in water bath to 60 ℃, then dripping 1ml of hydrazine hydrate into the mixed solution, and continuing to react for 30 minutes under the condition of stirring and heating. After the reaction, deionized water and ethanol are repeatedly used for centrifugal washing, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying for 24 hours.
Step 3: copper/polypyrrole catalyst is dispersed in deionized water, isopropanol and Nafion mixed liquid, and the mixture is ultrasonically and uniformly dispersed and sprayed on a carbon paper substrate to prepare the electrode. The electrode plate is assembled into a working electrode by using a copper conductive adhesive tape, foam nickel is used as a counter electrode, ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, electrolyte is 1-7M potassium hydroxide solution, the flow rate range of the electrolyte is 1-10ml/min, and the flow rate range of carbon dioxide gas is 20-100sccm. The carbon dioxide electroreduction performance of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst was tested in a flow cell.
The scanning electron microscope graph of the copper/polypyrrole catalyst prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 5, when the copper loading is 50wt%, more copper particles are dispersed on the surface of polypyrrole, and partial agglomeration phenomenon exists, so that the loading of copper particles can be influenced by the addition amount of the metal precursor.
As shown in FIG. 11, the copper/polypyrrole catalyst synthesized in this example exhibited excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance at-600 mA/cm 2 An ethylene selectivity of 36.1% was obtained at current density.
Example 5
Step 1: 0.2ml (2.534 mmol) thiophene monomer and 5.068mmol ammonium persulfate were dissolved in 30ml and 30ml deionized water respectively and stirred in an ice bath until uniformly dispersed. The oxidant solution was slowly added dropwise to the monomer solution and reacted under stirring in a water bath at 80℃for 48 hours. And after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, freeze-drying for 24 hours, and grinding to obtain polythiophene powder.
Step 2: 40mg of polythiophene powder was dispersed in deionized water with vigorous stirring until uniformly dispersed. 71.55mg of cupric chloride dihydrate and 400mg of trisodium citrate dihydrate were then added to the dispersion and stirred magnetically well. Heating in water bath to 60 ℃, then dripping 1ml of hydrazine hydrate into the mixed solution, and continuing to react for 30 minutes under the condition of stirring and heating. After the reaction, deionized water and ethanol are repeatedly used for centrifugal washing, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying for 24 hours.
Step 3: copper/polythiophene catalyst is dispersed in deionized water, isopropanol and Nafion mixed solution, and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment until the copper/polythiophene catalyst is uniformly dispersed, and is sprayed on a carbon paper substrate to prepare the electrode. The electrode plate is assembled into a working electrode by using a copper conductive adhesive tape, foam nickel is used as a counter electrode, ag/AgCl is used as a reference electrode, electrolyte is 1-7M potassium hydroxide solution, the flow rate range of the electrolyte is 1-10ml/min, and the flow rate range of carbon dioxide gas is 20-100sccm. The carbon dioxide electroreduction performance of the copper/polythiophene catalysts was tested in a flow cell.
The scanning electron microscope image of the polythiophene prepared in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6, and the morphology of the conductive polymer is a spherical particle structure.
The scanning electron microscope graph of the copper/polythiophene catalyst prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 7, and copper particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of polythiophene when the copper loading amount is 40wt%, so that no obvious agglomeration phenomenon exists.
As shown in FIG. 12, the copper/polythiophene catalyst synthesized in the present example showed excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance at-200 mA/cm 2 An ethylene selectivity of 30.1% was obtained at current density.
It should be noted that, according to the above embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can fully realize the full scope of the independent claims and the dependent claims, and the implementation process and method are the same as those of the above embodiments; and not specifically described in part are well known in the art.
While the invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing a metal/conductive polymer composite catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively dissolving conductive polymer monomers and oxidant in deionized water, and stirring in an ice bath until the conductive polymer monomers and oxidant are uniformly dispersed; slowly dripping the oxidant solution into the monomer solution, and stirring the mixture for reaction in a constant-temperature water bath; after the reaction is finished, repeatedly using deionized water and ethanol for centrifugal washing, and grinding after freeze drying to obtain conductive polymer powder;
step 2: dispersing conductive polymer powder in deionized water, and vigorously stirring until the conductive polymer powder is uniformly dispersed; then adding a metal precursor and a surfactant into the dispersion liquid, and magnetically stirring uniformly; thermostatic water bath, adding a reducing agent into the mixed solution, and continuing to stir and react under the thermostatic condition; and after the reaction is finished, centrifugal washing is carried out by using deionized water and ethanol, and the mixture is ground after freeze drying.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the conductive polymer monomer is aniline, pyrrole or thiophene.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the oxidant is ferric chloride hexahydrate or ammonium persulfate.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the molar ratio of the conductive polymer monomer to the oxidant is 1:1-4.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the temperature of the constant temperature water bath reaction is 0-100 ℃.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the metal precursor is copper acetate monohydrate, copper chloride dihydrate or copper sulfate pentahydrate, and the copper loading is 20-50wt% corresponding to the conductive polymer powder.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone, trisodium citrate dihydrate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the constant temperature water bath temperature is 0-100 ℃.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or vitamin C; the reaction time in the constant temperature water bath is 30-180 minutes after the addition of the reducing agent.
10. Use of a metal/conductive polymer catalyst according to any one of claims 1-9 in the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide.
CN202310180030.4A 2023-02-27 2023-02-27 Metal/conductive polymer catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and preparation method thereof Pending CN116254572A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116676615A (en) * 2023-07-21 2023-09-01 深圳先进技术研究院 For electrocatalytic CO 2 Gas-phase diffusion electrode for reducing formic acid, preparation method and application

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116676615A (en) * 2023-07-21 2023-09-01 深圳先进技术研究院 For electrocatalytic CO 2 Gas-phase diffusion electrode for reducing formic acid, preparation method and application
CN116676615B (en) * 2023-07-21 2024-05-17 深圳先进技术研究院 For electrocatalytic CO2Gas-phase diffusion electrode for reducing formic acid, preparation method and application

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