CN116254482A - High-strength high-toughness stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength high-toughness stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the structure and the performance of the stainless steel are further optimized by adjusting the proportion of metal elements, immersing the stainless steel material, immersing an ingot, annealing, forging, rolling and the like, so that the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel material is prepared, and the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following chemical components: cr, C, mn, mo, ni, ce, V, nb, si, S, P, fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following steps: s1, heating and melting to obtain molten clear steel; s2, performing temperature control casting on the molten steel to obtain an ingot; s3, annealing treatment is carried out, and an annealed ingot is obtained; s4, forging to obtain a forged ingot; and S5, rolling to obtain the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel. Belongs to the technical field of advanced steel materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced steel materials, and relates to high-strength high-toughness stainless steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of global industrialization, the extremely severe service environment has high requirements on the performance of materials, and expensive nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy or titanium alloy is often required to be used. In order to find the cheap alternative materials, material developers at home and abroad develop a brand new stainless steel, namely super austenitic stainless steel. The term "super" is called because the high alloy content and the synergistic effect between the alloy elements make it extremely excellent in corrosion resistance in severe environments (in chloride-ion acids, in seawater, in stress, in low-speed scouring, etc.). In addition, the super austenitic stainless steel also has good comprehensive mechanical properties, and solves the problem of insufficient strength of the traditional austenitic stainless steel. 904L super austenitic stainless steel was first developed in france and sweden. By a similar method, alloy No. 20 was also successfully developed in the united states, with alloy contents of 20% cr, 2.5% mo, 30% ni, and 3.5% cu. With the rapid development of argon-oxygen decarburization refining technology, 904L is widely used in the fields of chemical industry, pulp, and the like. However, when Cr is not less than 15%, the toughness of the material is reduced. Although the hardness of 440C and domestic 9Cr18MoV stainless steel can reach 61HRC, the higher the hardness is, the lower the toughness is. Therefore, in the case of producing a steel material having a toughness requirement, the hardness range is usually 56 to 59HRC in practical use. On the other hand, when the carbon content exceeds 0.7%, carbon easily forms eutectic carbide with chromium, and chipping may occur at the time of sharpening.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-strength and high-toughness stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the structure and the performance of the stainless steel are further optimized by adjusting the component ratio of metal elements, soaking the stainless steel material, soaking an ingot, annealing, forging, rolling and the like, so that the high-strength and high-toughness stainless steel material is prepared.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cr:13-14.5%; c:0.55-0.65%; mn:0.32-0.52%; mo:0.65-1.10%; ni:0.7-1.20%; v:0.12-0.32%; nb:0.04-0.12%; si:0.12-0.35%; s <0.01%; p <0.02%; the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The scheme of the invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a stainless steel material with the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr:13-14.5%, C:0.55-0.65%, mn:0.32-0.52%, mo:0.65-1.10%, ni:0.7-1.20%, V:0.12-0.32%, nb:0.04-0.12%, si:0.12-0.35%, S <0.01%, P <0.02% and Fe in balance, heating the materials and controlling pressure to obtain molten steel;
s2, performing temperature control casting on the molten steel to obtain an ingot;
s3, heating and preserving the temperature of the ingot from room temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed ingot;
s4, forging after heating and preserving heat of the annealed ingot, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged ingot;
s5, heating and preserving heat of the forged ingot, and then rolling to obtain the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method further comprises the step of adding a stabilizer into the stainless steel material for soaking before heating in the step S1, wherein the mass of the stabilizer accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the stainless steel material, the stabilizer is an amino acid solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1mol/L, and the amino acid is one or more of alanine, serine, proline, lysine, neuraminic acid and penicillamine.
In step S1, the component uniformity and purity of stainless steel are improved by adjusting the metal element components and adding an amino acid solution; the amino acid can form a compound with part of metal elements, so that the density and stability of crystals are increased, and the hardness and toughness of steel are improved; if the amino acid adopts alanine and serine according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mixing, wherein alanine and serine are used for stabilizing molten steel and preventing defects such as a gas-wrapping belt; the mixed solution formed by adding Mo, V elements and serine and alanine has the advantages of improving the strength and toughness of the stainless steel in a synergistic way;
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method further comprises the steps of soaking the cast ingot in an organic acid solution before the step S3, wherein the soaking time is 10-30min, the mass of the organic acid accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the cast ingot, the number of carbon atoms in the organic acid is 15-18, and the concentration of the organic acid solution is 0.01-0.2mol/L;
further, the organic acid is one or more of pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.
In the scheme, the surface of the ingot is cleaned by soaking the organic acid, so that the surface quality of the ingot is improved. The organic acid solution has the function of chemically reacting with the oxide film on the surface of the cast ingot, and forming a layer of protective film on the surface of the cast ingot, so that the cast ingot can be effectively prevented from being oxidized in the forging process, and the corrosion resistance and the oxidation resistance of stainless steel can be increased;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the temperature-raising heating condition is heating to melt, and the pressure-controlling condition is adjusted to 8-10Pa.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step S2, the temperature-controlled casting condition is casting at a temperature of 1500-1550 ℃; preferably, the temperature-controlled casting condition is casting at a temperature of 1510-1530 ℃.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step S3, the heating and heat preservation condition is that heat is preserved for 10-12 hours at 1280-1300 ℃, and the cooling condition is that the temperature is cooled to 1000-1050 ℃ and then the temperature is cooled to room temperature; in the step S3, the grain size and uniformity of the cast ingot are improved by annealing, the residual stress in the cast ingot is eliminated, grains in the cast ingot can be recrystallized by annealing, gaps are removed, a uniform tissue structure is formed, in addition, the annealing process can promote the synergic action of Mn and Ni elements, and the plasticity and toughness of the stainless steel can be increased; the annealing process adopts high-temperature heat preservation to facilitate the growth of crystal grains, thereby improving the toughness of the stainless steel.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step S4, the temperature rise and heat preservation condition is that the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃ along with the furnace and is kept for 1-1.5h, and the forging condition is that the final forging temperature is 1100-1300 ℃.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step S5, the heating and heat preservation condition is that heat preservation is carried out for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature of 1200 ℃, so that secondary precipitated phases generated in the forging process of steel are fully dissolved into a matrix, and the rolling condition is that the initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 1100 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the scheme, the structural structure and the performance of the stainless steel are further optimized through adjusting the proportion of metal elements, soaking the stainless steel material, soaking the cast ingot, annealing, forging, rolling and the like, so that the high-strength and high-toughness stainless steel material is prepared.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description is given below with reference to the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention.
Example 1
The high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cr:13%; c:0.55%; mn:0.32%; mo:0.65%; ni:0.7%; ce:0.01%; v:0.12%; nb:0.04%; si:0.12%; s:0.007%; p:0.017%; the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a stainless steel material with the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr:13%; c:0.55%; mn:0.32%; mo:0.65%; ni:0.7%; ce:0.01%; v:0.12%; nb:0.04%; si:0.12%; s:0.007%; p:0.017 percent and the balance of Fe, adding serine solution with the concentration of 0.01mol/L for soaking, wherein the mass of serine accounts for 0.1 percent of the total mass of the stainless steel material, heating the material to be melted, and regulating the temperature to 8Pa and controlling the pressure to obtain molten steel;
s2, casting the molten steel at 1510 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
soaking an ingot in a palmitic acid solution with the concentration of 0.01mol/L for 10min, wherein the mass of the palmitic acid accounts for 0.1% of the total mass of the ingot;
s3, preserving heat for 10 hours at 1280 ℃ for the ingot soaked by the palmitic acid solution, cooling to 1000 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed ingot;
s4, heating the annealed ingot to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1h, forging, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged ingot; wherein the final forging temperature is 1100 ℃;
s5, preserving heat of the forged ingot for 1h at 1200 ℃ and then rolling to obtain high-strength high-toughness stainless steel; wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 1100 ℃.
Example 2
The high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cr:13.8%; c:0.60%; mn:0.42%; mo:0.88%; ni:0.85%; ce:0.05%; v:0.22%; nb:0.08%; si:0.24%; s:0.008%; p:0.018%; the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a stainless steel material with the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr:13.8%; c:0.60%; mn:0.42%; mo:0.88%; ni:0.85%; ce:0.05%; v:0.22%; nb:0.08%; si:0.24%; s:0.008%; p:0.018 percent of Fe and the balance of Fe, adding serine solution with the concentration of 0.06mol/L for soaking, wherein the mass of serine accounts for 0.3 percent of the total mass of the stainless steel material, heating the material to be melted, and regulating the temperature to 9Pa and controlling the pressure to obtain molten steel;
s2, casting the molten steel at 1520 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
soaking an ingot in a palmitic acid solution with the concentration of 0.11mol/L for 20min, wherein the mass of the palmitic acid accounts for 0.3% of the total mass of the ingot;
s3, preserving heat of the ingot soaked by the palmitic acid solution at 1290 ℃ for 11 hours, cooling to 1025 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed ingot;
s4, heating the annealed ingot to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1.25 hours, forging, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged ingot; wherein the final forging temperature is 1200 ℃;
s5, preserving heat of the forged ingot for 1.25 hours at the temperature of 1200 ℃ and then rolling to obtain high-strength high-toughness stainless steel; wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 1100 ℃.
Example 3
The high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cr:14.5%; c:0.65%; mn:0.52%; mo:1.10%; ni:1.20%; ce:0.08%; v:0.32%; nb:0.12%; si:0.35%; s:0.009%; p:0.019%; the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a stainless steel material with the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr:14.5%; c:0.65%; mn:0.52%; mo:1.10%; ni:1.20%; ce:0.08%; v:0.32%; nb:0.12%; si:0.35%; s:0.009%; p:0.019 percent and the balance of Fe, adding serine solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L for soaking, wherein the mass of serine accounts for 0.5 percent of the total mass of the stainless steel material, heating the material to be melted, and regulating the temperature to be 10Pa and controlling the pressure to obtain molten steel;
s2, casting the molten steel at the temperature of 1530 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
soaking an ingot in a palmitic acid solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L for 30min, wherein the mass of the palmitic acid accounts for 0.5% of the total mass of the ingot;
s3, preserving heat of the ingot soaked by the palmitic acid solution for 12 hours at 1300 ℃, cooling to 1050 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed ingot;
s4, heating the annealed ingot to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, forging, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged ingot; wherein the final forging temperature is 1300 ℃;
s5, preserving heat of the forged ingot for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 1200 ℃ and then rolling to obtain high-strength high-toughness stainless steel; wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 1100 ℃.
Example 4
Compared with example 3, the difference is that the step S1 is to prepare a stainless steel material with the following chemical components according to the weight percentage of the element components: cr:14.5%; c:0.65%; mn:0.52%; mo:1.10%; ni:1.20%; ce:0.08%; v:0.32%; nb:0.12%; si:0.35%; s:0.009%; p:0.019 percent and the balance of Fe, adding mixed solution formed by combining alanine and serine for soaking, wherein the mass ratio of the alanine to the serine is 1:1, the concentration of the mixed solution is 0.1mol/L, the total mass of alanine and serine accounts for 0.5% of the total mass of the stainless steel material, and then the mixed solution is heated to be melted and regulated to be under 10Pa for pressure control, so as to obtain molten clear molten steel; the rest steps and parameters are the same.
Comparative examples 1 to 8
Comparative examples 1 to 8 are different from example 3 in that the contents of the elements Mo, V, mn and Ni in the stainless steel material are shown in table 1, and the remaining steps and parameters are the same.
TABLE 1
Comparative example 9
The stainless steel material is not soaked, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step S1, preparing a stainless steel material with the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr:14.5%; c:0.65%; mn:0.52%; mo:1.10%; ni:1.20%; ce:0.08%; v:0.32%; nb:0.12%; si:0.35%; s:0.009%; p:0.019 percent and the balance of Fe, heating the materials to be melted and regulating the pressure to be controlled under 10Pa to obtain molten clear molten steel;
comparative example 9 differs from example 3 in that no serine solution was used, and the remaining steps and parameters were the same.
Comparative example 10
The cast ingot is not soaked, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step S2, casting the molten steel at the temperature of 1530 ℃ to obtain an ingot;
step S3, preserving the heat of the ingot for 12 hours at 1300 ℃, cooling to 1050 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed ingot;
comparative example 10 differs from example 3 in that no palmitic acid solution was used, and the remaining steps and parameters were the same.
Performance testing
The high-strength high-toughness stainless steels prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 10 were subjected to performance tests of density, compactness, tensile strength and hardness;
density and density: testing according to an Archimedes drainage method;
tensile strength: testing was performed according to the test method specified in astm e 381-2001;
hardness: the test was performed according to the test method specified in GB/T230.1-2018.
The main properties of the high-strength and high-toughness stainless steels prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 10 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
From the test results in Table 2, it is clear that the density, compactness, tensile strength and hardness properties of the high-strength and high-toughness stainless steel prepared in examples 1-4 are significantly higher than those of comparative examples 1-10 in examples 1-4 as compared with comparative examples 1-10; serine is an organic substance with a small molecular weight and can permeate into the metal, and a compact protective layer can be formed on the surface of stainless steel. Under the action of serine, the ferric oxide film on the surface of the steel is reduced, and a stable titanium monoxide film is generated, which is beneficial to the protection of the surface of the steel and the increase of the uniformity of the steel; palmitic acid is a long chain fatty acid that can penetrate pores and imperfections in the stainless steel surface, filling and plugging these pores and imperfections. Because microscopic defects on the surface of the stainless steel can influence the corrosion resistance and compactness of the stainless steel, the compactness of the stainless steel can be further improved by filling palmitic acid, so that the performance stability of the stainless steel is improved; the comprehensive effect of serine soaking and palmitic acid treatment can further improve the uniformity and compactness of the components of the stainless steel. The serine treatment can protect the stainless steel layer on the surface of the steel, and a relatively compact antioxidation layer is established on the surface of the stainless steel, so that the component uniformity of the steel is improved; the palmitic acid treatment can repair microscopic defects on the surface of the steel, and increase the density of the surface, so that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the steel are increased.
In terms of high strength properties, mo and V can form hard carbides or nitrides in stainless steel, thereby increasing the hardness and wear resistance of stainless steel. In addition, mo and V can form solid solution or inclusion with other elements, so that the strength and toughness of the stainless steel are further enhanced, and the stainless steel has better stretch-breaking resistance and fatigue resistance; in terms of high toughness, mn and Ni have a synergistic effect, so that the toughness and plasticity of the stainless steel are improved; in addition, mn can also prevent the oxidation of the stainless steel, improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and Ni can improve the heat resistance and strength of the stainless steel; the synergistic effect of Mn and Ni can improve the toughness and plasticity of stainless steel, so that the stainless steel has better impact resistance and deformation resistance.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The high-strength high-toughness stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cr:13-14.5%; c:0.55-0.65%; mn:0.32-0.52%; mo:0.65-1.10%; ni:0.7-1.20%; ce:0.01-0.08%; v:0.12-0.32%; nb:0.04-0.12%; si:0.12-0.35%; s <0.01%; p <0.02%; the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements;
the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness stainless steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a stainless steel material with the following chemical components in percentage by weight: cr:13-14.5%, C:0.55-0.65%, mn:0.32-0.52%, mo:0.65-1.10%, ni:0.7-1.20%, ce:0.01-0.08%, V:0.12-0.32%, nb:0.04-0.12%, si:0.12-0.35%, S <0.01%, P <0.02% and Fe in balance, heating the materials and controlling pressure to obtain molten steel;
s2, performing temperature control casting on the molten steel to obtain an ingot;
s3, heating and preserving the temperature of the ingot from room temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed ingot;
s4, forging after heating and preserving heat of the annealed ingot, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged ingot;
s5, heating and preserving heat of the forged ingot, and then rolling to obtain high-strength high-toughness stainless steel;
the preparation method further comprises the step of adding a stabilizer into the stainless steel material for soaking before heating in the step S1, wherein the mass of the stabilizer accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the stainless steel material, the stabilizer is an amino acid solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1mol/L, and the amino acid is one or more of alanine, serine, proline, lysine, neuraminic acid and penicillamine.
2. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method further comprises the step of soaking the cast ingot in an organic acid solution for 10-30min before the step S3, wherein the mass of the organic acid accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the cast ingot, the number of carbon atoms in the organic acid is 15-18, and the concentration of the organic acid solution is 0.01-0.2mol/L.
3. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein: the organic acid is one or more of pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.
4. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the heating temperature is increased until the mixture is melted, and the pressure control condition is adjusted to 8-10Pa.
5. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the temperature-controlled casting condition is casting at a temperature of 1500-1550 ℃.
6. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the heating and heat preservation conditions are that heat is preserved for 10-12 hours at 1280-1300 ℃, and the cooling conditions are that cooling is carried out to 1000-1050 ℃ and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
7. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the temperature rise and heat preservation conditions are that the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃ along with the furnace and the heat preservation is carried out for 1-1.5h, and the forging conditions are that the final forging temperature is 1100-1300 ℃.
8. A high strength, high toughness stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the heating and heat preservation conditions are that heat preservation is carried out for 1-1.5h at the temperature of 1200 ℃, the rolling conditions are that the initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 1100 ℃.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107699815A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-16 | 上海大学 | High hardness high toughness cutlery stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112048677A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 阳江十八子刀剪制品有限公司 | Martensite stainless steel for cutter and preparation method thereof |
| CN115354128A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏甬金金属科技有限公司 | Pickling process of corrosion-resistant stainless steel band |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107699815A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-16 | 上海大学 | High hardness high toughness cutlery stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112048677A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 阳江十八子刀剪制品有限公司 | Martensite stainless steel for cutter and preparation method thereof |
| CN115354128A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏甬金金属科技有限公司 | Pickling process of corrosion-resistant stainless steel band |
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