CN1162540A - Vehicle seat - Google Patents

Abstract

A vehicle seat comprises a headrest (5) connected integrally with the backrest part (3). The backrest part (3) is equipped with a mechanism for absorbing forces, a mechanism for transferring forces and a headrest adjusting mechanism. The designs of the mechanisms ensure that the inertia force of an occupant (1) is partly absorbed by the mechanism for absorbing forces, and transferred to the adjusting mechanism by the mechanism for transferring forces, to move the headrest (5) to the occupant head section, during back ends collisions. The mechanism for absorbing forces, the mechanism for transferring forces and the headrest adjusting mechanism are defined by the double-armed lever (8) which is mounted around the axes of the plane pivot pin (11) at the backrest part (3). The both arms of the pry bar (9) is constituted by separated back support part (7) and the headrest (5).

Description

Vehicle seat

The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle seat that has the head rest that is connected as a single entity with backrest.

An effect of head rest is that the head of automotive occupant is thrown to rear view of vehicle when preventing vehicle generation rear end collision.Head rest generally is installed on the spinal support in vertical adjustable mode.The head rest that also has in addition is designed to an extension of vehicle seat seat portion, fixed part.In the head rest that vehicle adopts at present, no matter it is adjustable or non-adjustable structure, the cervical vertebra of automotive occupant all bears very big strain in rear end collision, although this be since occupant's back against backrest, its head is from the distance of the head rest cause of big (reaching 150mm).

In order to prevent above-mentioned strain, existing people proposes to pack into air bag in head rest.When having an accident, gas generator makes airbag aeration under the control of sensor in some milliseconds.But because distance between occupant's head and air bag has very big difference, for example, distance is very little between occupant's head and the head rest, this just mean occupant's head by bullet from air bag, thereby cause unexpected strain.

In addition, the somebody proposes a kind of equipment, and it uses by spring or fireworks generating means energy stored bearing set is handled and convergence occupant's head by a suitable flip flop equipment, is retained in immediately on this position when contacting occupant's head.In order to control, suitable sensor is set on the head rest surface.Though obtained the effect that gets a good chance of in process of the test, because technical costs is quite high, this system does not drop into stock production as yet.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vehicle seat, it has head rest and can low-costly make, and can reduce to act on the power on occupant's head and the neck in rear end collision.

In the situation of the sort of vehicle seat that the specification sheets beginning is mentioned, can realize above-mentioned purpose by following layout, promptly, the device of an absorption power, a device and a head rest setting device that transmits power are set on spinal support, the design of said apparatus makes that automotive occupant force of inertia part is by the device absorption of absorption power in rear end collision, and reach the head rest setting device by the device that transmits power, so that head rest is shifted to occupant's head.According to the present invention, utilize occupant's inertia to adjust head rest, thus the structure that need not to establish air bag in addition or need complicated sensing device.For example, the device of absorption power can be one, and for example, in rear end collision, cushion rubber dependence inertia is moved toward the rear end of vehicle with pack into part in the head rest itself of the mode of sliding, and the power that is produced then can reach head rest by connecting rod or leverage.For example, be provided with a connecting rod or leverage as the head rest setting device so that adjust head rest.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, head rest constitutes a kind of double-arm lever together with the separation type spinal support of the device that is used as absorption power, and it is installed swingably so that swing around axis.Above-mentioned axis is to be limited by the pin that an on even keel is arranged on the spinal support.The characteristics of this embodiment are that structure is simple especially, cheap for manufacturing cost.The remainder branch of the part of backrest and backrest is arranged so that swing around the axis of trunnion, and it is a divided portion that the swing part of backrest needn't be it seems naturally from the outside, and it preferably is hidden under the cover for seat.

For example, the swing part of backrest can be designed to the form of occupant's health lumbar region liner, or advances, and according to a preferred embodiment, can be designed to the shoulder supporting member that forms in the backrest upper area, and trunnion then is arranged between head rest and the shoulder supporting member.In the situation of this embodiment, in normal use location, that is, in the vehicle normal operation, occupant's shoulder does not contact the shoulder supporting member, occupant's head also not contact head lean on.In rear end collision, occupant's health will be shifted to rear view of vehicle, and occupant's shoulder regions will be clashed into and be had only very short-range shoulder supporting member with it.The double-arm lever swing that this constitutes head rest and back part, thus make head rest be flapped toward the head of automotive occupant.Therefore, distance is significantly reduced or elimination fully between occupant's head and the head rest, thereby has also reduced the acceleration/accel of occupant's head and neck.

Owing to compare with the distance between back part and the health appropriate section, distance between occupant's head and the head rest is bigger, thereby preferably is longer than the throw of lever that the power contact point on the back part limits significantly by the throw of lever that the occupant's of medium height power contact point limits.In this case, throw of lever with act on head rest on and do to have the center contact point of the power on back part relevant.Therefore there is the speedup transmission of the motion of back part, as the motion of head rest.

By power the contact on the head rest and power the ratio that contacts the throw of lever that is limited on the backrest and the medium height occupant acts on the head rest and back part on the ratio of the quality relation that preferably is inversely proportional to.

According to a recommended characteristics of the present invention, more definite by the throw of lever that limits at the power contact point on the head rest with by in the scope of ratio between 2.5: 1 and 6: 1 between the throw of lever that limits at the power contact point on the backrest, at 4: 1 and 6; In the scope between 1.

If throw of lever ratio is in above-mentioned scope, when occupant's head bump head rest in the accident and occupant back bump backrest, the power that acts on the double-arm lever is incited somebody to action roughly balance.This forms firm support for double-arm lever is very important.The state of equilibrium of double-arm lever depends on the quality that acts on above it.For example, if the shoulder supporting member constitutes the back part of installing swingably, so,, the quality that matches of the quality of throw of lever ratio and occupant's head and occupant's shoulder can reach state of equilibrium when concerning when being inversely proportional to.Usually this ratio is 1; 4 to 1: 6, thus make throw of lever have above-mentioned inverse relation.If head rest is swung forward and occupant's head is in contact with it, this will mean between occupant's head and shoulder or head and back does not have significant relative motion.

Head rest length and back part length ratio value are preferably in 2.5: 1 and 6; In the scope between 1, that is, in the scope of the ratio of throw of lever, therefore, disproportionate lever ratio can not be effective to very high or very short occupant.

In order to compensate the inertia of double-arm lever, trunnion preferably passes the center of gravity of the double-arm lever that is made of head rest and back part, is (force-neutral) of power neutrality in the horizontal direction thereby also in rear end collision so that make formed device.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the design bearing of supporting pivot must make the rotation of head rest and back part be resisted at least in the situation of radial load, therefore might guarantee that the shaking force that is produced can not cause the bounce-back that back part is not prevented from when occupant's head bump head rest.Even prevention or resistant function also will reduce surrender bounce-back backward.But best arrangement is that in case back part makes head rest shift near occupant's head, head rest and back part just lock together.

Because occupant's head is impacted the bounce-back of surrender backward cause, above-mentioned bearing has and is used to produce the device of friction force and/or is used to produce prevent the interlocking bonded assembly device that rotates in order to reduce.For this purpose, above-mentioned bearing can design under predetermined radial load, be used to produce the device of friction force and/or be used to produce interlocking bonded assembly device and can be moved by the motion (with respect to trunnion) that occupant's force of inertia forms, move into enable position from non-actuation position, in other words, locking or locking action is started automatically.

In order to get rid of because when in normal vehicle operation, for example entering vehicle, or the resistant function that causes of the Radial load when quickening or the possibility of locking, be provided with the biasing device of setting non-actuation position, therefore, must at first increase Radial load in order to make device move into enable position.

The device that is used to produce friction force preferably has a bevelled reception opening, be pushed in the reception opening at the enable position trunnion, enter engagement state with the outside wall surface of opening, therefore, produce wedging action, make the resistance of the friction force that swing increased, friction force even highly must produce self-locking action, that is no longer further swing may take place.

The bearing of trunnion preferably has a bearing opening, this opening has a cylindrical shape part and a non-cylindrical part, trunnion only just partly contacts with non-cylindrical under radial weight, and the non-cylindrical part comprises at least in part and is used to produce the device of friction force and/or is used to produce interlocking bonded assembly device.

The device that is used to produce friction force can be arranged on outside the bearing, perhaps, is arranged in the bearing itself according to a preferred embodiment.At this on the one hand, the bearing opening can have a well portion that has the cross-sectional plane that reduces continuously, and trunnion enters well portion on enable position.In other words, the bearing opening has an adjacent part that is well portion form of partial sum of allowing rotation, trunnion can be pushed into wherein and mounting board there.

A feature that is easy to make of the present invention is, the bearing opening comprises a cylindrical shape part and a non-cylindrical in well portion, is with toothed portion, and trunnion has the part of a profile and the complementation of above-mentioned band toothed portion, and a cylindrical part.When rear end collision took place, corresponding two parts were meshing with each other, and prevent the swing of head rest.In order to guarantee that head rest is stably remained on the normal use location, be provided with holding device, only the pressure that acts on the back part because of force of inertia in rear end collision can overcome it.For example, this holding device can comprise that at least one shear pin or one do not lock on a direction of swing, and the ratchet shape connecting portion that locks in the opposite direction, in a kind of situation in back, the ratchet shape connecting portion preferably includes the zig-zag projection in the bearing side, and it is engaged in the complementary recess of trunnion on normal use location.

Holding device also can comprise a pull back spring, so that head rest is forced into the use location and against a retainer.

In addition, the swing that an energy disperser leans on buffer head can be set.If between occupant and the shoulder supporting member certain distance is arranged, when shoulder bump shoulder supporting member, produce and jolt, this jolting also is cushioned device and significantly reduces, and this is particularly advantageous.

Contrast the following drawings describes the present invention in detail in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention now.

The reduced graph of Fig. 1 is represented the principle of vehicle seat of the present invention, partly cut-away, and expression is in the use location.

Fig. 2 is illustrated in the vehicle seat of the Fig. 1 in the rear end collision.

The block diagram of the vehicle seat of Fig. 1 when Fig. 3 represents to see sideling from the rear portion.

The block diagram of the vehicle seat of Fig. 1 when Fig. 4 represents tiltedly to see from the front portion.

Fig. 5 represents the sectional side elevation by vehicle seat top and head rest.

Fig. 6 is the cutaway view along X-X line among Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is the lateral plan according to the bearing of the head rest of first embodiment.

Fig. 8 is the lateral plan according to the bearing of the head rest of second embodiment.

Fig. 9 is the lateral plan according to the bearing of the head rest of the 3rd embodiment.

Figure 10 is a head rest and according to the exploded drawings of the back part of the bearing of Fig. 9.

Figure 11 represents head rest and is contained in back part U-shaped, on the vertical adjustable support.

In Fig. 1, the seat 2 of automotive occupant 1 is in normal use location,, is in run location that is.Seat 2 comprises a back part 3 that has head rest 5, and head rest 5 usefulness one trunnion 11 connects, and (seeing more clearly among Fig. 5) is installed in the top end part of backrest so that swing by two bearings 13.A part (hereinafter being called back part 7) of separating with the remainder of back part 3 has a last back part that constitutes the shoulder supporting member.Head rest 5 and back part 7 usefulness mats support firmlyer than all the other back parts 3, therefore can realize the quick arrangement of direct force transmission and head rest, and this will be explained below.Back part 7 is made integral body with head rest 5, and trunnion 11 is arranged between head rest 5 and the shoulder supporting member, thereby constitutes a double-arm lever 9 by head rest 5 and shoulder supporting member.Double-arm lever 9 can be around the axis swing of trunnion 11.On normal use location shown in Figure 1, the distance that occurs in the vehicle seat that head rest has used since the distance X of occupant 1 head is substantially equal to so far.Occupant 1 shoulder is less from the distance Y of back part 7.Mate mutually the position of the quality of double-arm lever 9 and trunnion 11, makes trunnion 11 pass the center of gravity of lever 9.In order to make the transition region 37 between back part 7 and remaining back part 3 is not hollow, in the interlocking reciprocally shown in Fig. 4 dotted line of toothed liner part in this zone.In addition, also shown in Fig. 4 dotted line, head rest 5 can have the outstanding edge 4 of side direction, and is provided with hole also shown in Figure 46.

In order to make lever 9 keep stable in normal use location, be provided with the pull back spring 49 of a band spring form, the rear side that it is pressed against back part 7 forces back part 7 to prop up a side direction retainer.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, a bumper 71 is arranged on the rear side of back part 7 so that work when lever 9 swings.

As shown in Figure 5, double-arm lever 9 is made of several layers, and comprises that a strong skeleton 55, skeleton 55 have a transverse holes of passing for trunnion 11.Pin 63 makes skeleton 55 be connected in trunnion 11 in case relatively rotate.Skeleton 55 is surrounded by liner 57, and liner 57 is preferably made by the foam that centers on skeleton.As shown in Figure 6, in order to reduce weight, skeleton 55 partly is the form of strengthening rib.

The bearing of Fig. 7 to 9 expression trunnion 11 various multi-form.In principle, a side of back part 3 can have rolling bearing, and opposite side correspondingly has bearing 13, and 13 ' and 13 ", as shown in Figs. 7-9, but at this on the one hand, both sides preferably have identical bearing arrangement.In Fig. 7 to 9, trunnion 11 is at bearing 13,13 ' and 13 " position in is in normal use location.Have a bearing according to the bearing 13 of Fig. 7 and open 15, opening 15 have an anterior cylindrical shape part 19 and one adjacent a little tapering or the well portion 17 of the angle of wedge arranged, make trunnion 11 can pinching in well portion 17.The line of centers of well portion 17 extends upward from the horizontal by the α angle.One shear pin 41 passes bearing 13, is assemblied in the trunnion 11 to prevent its rotation.Two free ends of trunnion 11 respectively have the extension of a minor diameter, and the biasing device that is spring 35 (being the planar spring form in this example) is pressed against on the extension.In bearing 13, spring 35 is assemblied in the suitable groove 36, and chucking is in place in groove, and its effect is that trunnion 11 is remained in the cylindrical shape part 19 of bearing opening 15 (in the structure of Fig. 5, trunnion 11 is complete cylindrical), place thereby define non-startup.

About shear pin 41 and spring 35, the bearing 13 ' among Fig. 8 is identical with bearing 13 among Fig. 7.Here, bearing opening 15 also has a cylindrical shape part 19 adjacent with a well portion, but this well portion but has a band toothed portion 23.Trunnion 11 does not resemble has cylinder form completely as shown in Figure 7, but has the band toothed portion 25 of a cylindrical part 27 and an adjacency, the action of working in coordination with 23 complementations of band toothed portion of the profile of band toothed portion 25.

Bearing 13 shown in Figure 9 " basic identical with bearing shown in Figure 8 13; but having a ratchet-like connecting portion 43 to substitute shear pin 41; support side of connecting portion 43 in the recess 47 that fits into trunnion 11 has a zig-zag projection 45, the shape of recess 47 and protruding 45 complementations.Projection 45 and recess 47 design to such an extent that trunnion 11 can be rotated at direction P, and locked in the opposite direction.

Now consult accompanying drawing and be described in the rear end collision, the effect that alleviates injury of vehicle seat 2.Normally in service, seat 2 is in use location shown in Figure 1, and the effect that is holding device, shear pin 41 or the ratchet-like connecting portion 43 of pull back spring 49 forms is that lever 9 is limited on this use location.In addition, spring 35 remains on lever 9 on the use location synergistically.

In rear end collision, occupant 1 will be because self inertia will rearward move, and small distance Y at first contacts occupant's shoulder with back part 7.Consequent propelling thrust makes double-arm lever 9 rotate along direction P shown in Figure 2, makes head rest 5 reaches.Occupant's head will finally be run into head rest 5, and head rest 5 is arranged to such an extent that have only a small distance from head, therefore, reduce the load that occupant's neck is subjected to.

Because occupant's head has different mass actions on lever 9 with shoulder, thereby lever 9 perhaps can lack of equilibrium, makes head rest 5 instabilities, relative motion occurs.In order to prevent this situation, what accomplish is to make lever 9 balances.This point is by design head rest 5 and the throw of lever l1 at back part 7 places and (being limited by power contact point and shoulder quality respectively) that l2 realizes, thereby the ratio of throw of lever is inversely proportional to the ratio that acts on the body quality on the above-mentioned part.At this on the one hand, select alto occupant to make benchmark.As shown in Figure 2, because inertia and throw of lever l1 and l2, the power that acts on the lever 9 reaches balance.For extremely short or high occupant being provided the actv. protection; the ratio 11 of throw of lever l1 and l2: l2 is in 2.5: 1 to 6: 1 scope; be preferably in 4: 1 to 6: 1 the scope; this is because for most people, and the ratio between the proportional part of occupant's head quality and occupant's shoulder is in the scope of 1: 4 and 1: 6.The ratio of the length l 3 of head rest 5 and the length l 4 of back part is preferably in the scope between 2.5: 1 and 6: 1.But more accurate, whether lever 9 reaches the position that balance depends on trunnion 11.By the position of vertical adjusting trunnion 11, can make throw of lever l1 and l2 be suitable for the user.In Figure 11, therefore head rest 5 is bearing in the U-shaped frame 61, U-shaped frame 61 has a tongue 65 that has a plurality of equidistant holes 67, and tongue 65 is contained in the corresponding bearing in the back part 3, and a detachable pawl device 67 is assemblied in the hole 67 so that regulate the height of head rest 5 and whole lever 9.Because not at that time in the head rest adjustment, can not strong absolute equilibrium in the accident, and quality will be with a time-lag action on lever 9, thereby be provided with once be flapped toward the device of occupant's head fixed head by 5 position when head rest.This device has only when the collision under radial weight and just works, and the swing of head rest 5 and back part 7 is resisted, and is preferably prevented fully.Fig. 7 represents for this purpose and is provided with, and is used to produce friction force, the device that is made of well portion 17.When having an accident, trunnion 11 rotates along direction P, and shear pin 41 will be cut off.Owing to act on the back part 7, when the diametral load that the occupant's head contact head exists by 5 time, trunnion 11 will revolt the power of spring 35 to bottom offset, and will be assemblied in the tapered well portion 17, and will be clamped there or hinder its rotation owing to the friction of increase at least.If self-locking action, so, the relative motion between occupant's head and the shoulder or even impossible.

At the structure platform of Fig. 8, band toothed portion 23 and 25 constitutes generation interlocking bonded assembly device, so that 9 swings of eliminating lever may on the enable position of device.If generation rear end collision, pivot lock 11 rotate in cylindrical shape part 27 and supporting after shift to rear view of vehicle, the tooth that makes part 25 meshes with the respective teeth of the part 23 of bearing 13 '.On this enable position, during lever 9 will be in the lock state.In Fig. 7 and 8 illustrated embodiments, must new shear pin 41 of assembling after behind trunnion 11, moving, and at the bearing 13 of Fig. 9 " in, when taking place then can by hand trunnion 11 to be transferred to its original position again after the Minor Accident.Projection 45 is not being cut off when direction P rotates.

Also can adopt other device to produce interlocking connects.For example, trunnion 11 needn't resemble as shown in Figure 8 and be with tooth on its half circumference, but it is just enough that several teeth only are set on its circumference.

In order to prevent the greater impact of head rest to occupant's head, head rest 5 can be provided with suitable soft cushioning.In this case, pull back spring 49 can reduce to impact, as the energy disperser 71 of independent setting as an additional cushion device.In addition, can have the higher friction square in order to produce relative effect at trunnion 11 places, this is to realize by the diameter of the extension (spring 35 is mated) that strengthens trunnion 11.

Claims (20)

1. one kind has the vehicle seat that is linked as single-piece head rest (5) with back part (3), it is characterized in that: back part (3) is provided with the device of an absorption power, a device and a head rest setting device that transmits power, these Design of device make in rear end collision because the power that the inertia of automotive occupant (1) causes partly is absorbed the device of power absorbs, and reach described setting device so that head rest (5) is shifted to the head of occupant (1) by the device that transmits power.

2. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: head rest (5) and the device that is suitable for use as described absorption power, back part (7) separately constitutes a double-arm lever (9), and it can wind the axis swing that is limited by a horizontal trunnion (11) that is located in the back part (3).

3. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the described back part that separates (7) is a shoulder supporting member that forms on the top of back part, and described trunnion (11) is arranged between head rest (5) and this shoulder supporting member.

4. as claim 2 or 3 described vehicle seats, it is characterized in that: be longer than the throw of lever (l2) on the described back part that separates that the contact by described occupant limits significantly by occupant's (1) the throw of lever (l1) that contact limited on the head rest (5), (l1 l2) is limited by the center-point of medium height occupant's power contact respectively described throw of lever.

5. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: by contact the throw of lever that center-point limits (l1, ratio l2) and act on the head rest (5) and the ratio of the body quality of the described medium height occupant on the back part (7) is inversely proportional to power on back part (7) at the power on the head rest (5) contact center-point.

6. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that (l1 is in the scope of ratio l2) between 2.5: 1 and 6: 1 by contacting the throw of lever that limits in the power on the head rest (5) contact and power on back part (7).

7. as each described vehicle seat in the claim 4 to 6, it is characterized in that: trunnion (11) passes the center of gravity of the double-arm lever that is limited by head rest (5) and back part (7) substantially.

8. as each described vehicle seat in the claim 4 to 7, it is characterized in that: the bearing (13 of described trunnion (11); 13 '; 13 ") have the device that is used to produce friction force and/or produce interlocking bonded assembly device so that opposing or the above-mentioned swing of positive lock, therefore, in the situation of radial weight, head rest (5) and lean against the partly swing of (7) and resisted at least.

9. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: bearing (13; 13 '; 13 " design) makes that be used to produce the device of friction force and/or be used to produce interlocking bonded assembly device can be under predetermined radial weight; by in rear end collision by occupant's (1) force of inertia cause mutually in the motion of the axis of trunnion (11), shift out and enter enable position from non-actuation position.

10. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that; The moving position of non-note that biasing device is set in no radial weight condition lower device.

11., it is characterized in that as each described vehicle seat in the claim 8 to 10; Described bearing (13) has a bearing opening (15), this bearing opening has cylindrical shape part (19) and a non-cylindrical part, trunnion (11) partly contacts with described non-cylindrical under radial weight, and described non-cylindrical part comprises at least in part and is used to produce the device of friction force and/or is used to produce interlocking bonded assembly device.

12. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: described non-cylindrical partly has a well portion (17) that has the cross-sectional plane that diminishes continuously, it defines the device that is used to produce friction force, in the described well of enable position trunnion (11) immigration portion.

13. as claim 11 or 12 described vehicle seats, it is characterized in that: the non-cylindrical of the well portion that is (21) form of bearing opening (15) part (19) has a band toothed portion (23), and trunnion (11) has the part (25) and the cylindrical part (27) that have with described band toothed portion (23) profile complementation.

14. as each described vehicle seat in the claim 2 to 13, it is characterized in that: described head rest (5) is remained on the normal use location by holding device, and the pressure that described holding device just acts on the described back part that separates (7) owing to force of inertia in rear end collision just is overcome.

15. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: described holding device comprises at least one shear pin (41).

16. as claim 14 or 15 described vehicle seats, it is characterized in that: described holding device comprises a ratchet-like connecting portion (43), and it can rotate on swaying direction, and locking in the opposite direction.

17. vehicle seat as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that: described ratchet-like connecting portion (43) comprises a zig-zag projection (45) on the bearing side, and it is engaged on the use location in the complementary recess (47) of trunnion (11).

18. as each described vehicle seat in the claim 14 to 17, it is characterized in that: described holding device comprises a pull back spring (49), it is forced into the use location with head rest (5) and against a retainer.

19. the described vehicle seat of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that: trunnion (11) can carry out vertical adjusting.

20. the described vehicle seat of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that: an energy disperser (71) is used for the swing of buffer head by (5).

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