CN116252689A

CN116252689A - Child safety seat

Info

Publication number: CN116252689A
Application number: CN202111508416.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李如意
Original assignee: CHINA BAMBINO PREZIOSO CO LTD
Current assignee: CHINA BAMBINO PREZIOSO CO LTD
Priority date: 2021-12-10
Filing date: 2021-12-10
Publication date: 2023-06-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a child safety seat, which comprises a seat body, wherein the seat body is provided with a seat body part and a backrest part, and the backrest part extends upwards from the rear end of the seat body part; the headrest is connected to the upper end of the backrest part; the seat cloth is in a bag shape, the seat cloth is detachably sleeved on the seat body, the seat cloth is provided with a bag opening, an elastic band is arranged at the bag opening, the seat cloth is sleeved on the seat body through the bag opening, the bottom of the seat body is exposed from the bag opening, and the seat cloth covers 50% -80% of the surface of the seat body; and the safety belt component is arranged on the seat body. According to the child safety seat disclosed by the invention, the position where the bottom of the seat body part is connected with the base is exposed, so that interference of the body seat cloth on the connecting position can be avoided, the front and back and left and right adjustment of the seat body is facilitated, the area of the seat cloth is reduced, and the production and manufacturing cost of the seat cloth is reduced.

Description

Child safety seat

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of child safety seats, in particular to a child safety seat.

Background

The child safety seat is tied to an automobile seat, and a child sitting on the child safety seat is tied to the child safety seat through a tie-down device. When emergency such as emergency braking and collision occurs, the safety of children can be ensured to a greater extent.

Some child safety seats disclosed in the related art include a seat body, a base, and a seat cloth, the seat cloth being sleeved on the seat body, the seat body being adjustable back and forth or left and right with respect to the base. However, the seat cloth interferes with the adjustment of the seat body, resulting in inconvenient adjustment of the seat body.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a child safety seat, so that the seat body can be conveniently adjusted back and forth or left and right relative to the base.

The child safety seat comprises a seat body, wherein the seat body is provided with a seat body part and a backrest part, and the backrest part is arranged in an upward extending mode from the rear end of the seat body part; the headrest is connected to the upper end of the backrest part; the seat comprises a seat body, wherein the seat body is in a bag shape, the seat body is detachably sleeved on the seat body, the seat body is provided with a bag opening, the bag opening is provided with an elastic band, the seat body is sleeved on the seat body through the bag opening, the bottom of the seat body is exposed from the bag opening, and the seat body covers 50% -80% of the surface of the seat body; and the safety belt assembly is arranged on the seat body.

According to the child safety seat disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the seat body is exposed from the pocket, 50% -80% of the surface of the seat body is covered by the body seat cloth, so that the position where the bottom of the seat body is connected with the base is exposed, interference of the body seat cloth on the connecting position can be avoided, the front-back and left-right adjustment of the seat body is facilitated, the area of the seat cloth is reduced, and the production and manufacturing cost of the seat cloth is reduced.

Optionally, a fixing plug-in is arranged on the body seat cloth at a position close to the pocket opening, a slot is arranged at the bottom of the seat body, and the fixing plug-in is inserted in the slot. This further connects the body seat pan to the seat body.

Optionally, the body base includes: the front cloth area covers the front of the seat body;

the back cloth area covers the back of the seat body, the edge of the back cloth area is connected with the edge of the front cloth area to form a bag shape, the bag opening is formed on the back cloth area, the back cloth area comprises a lower flanging, the lower flanging is located at the bottom of the seat body, the lower flanging is connected to the position, corresponding to the front cloth area and the front end of the seat body, of the back cloth area, and the fixing plug-in is connected to the edge of the lower flanging. Therefore, the downward flanging can be seen from the front, the slot and the fixing insert can not be seen, and the overall attractiveness of the child safety seat is improved.

Optionally, the fixing insert is a fixing insert, the fixing insert has a length L and a width W, the width W is a dimension of the fixing insert along the edge direction of the bag mouth, the length L is greater than the width W, the width W is between 10mm and 30mm, and the length L is between 20mm and 40 mm. The joint strength of fixed inserted sheet can be guaranteed on the one hand like this, on the other hand guarantees the degree of depth of inserting of fixed inserted sheet.

Optionally, the slot opening increases in width to form a relief groove. Therefore, the fixing plug-in is horizontally inserted into the groove, and the fixing plug-in is convenient to insert.

Optionally, a hook is arranged on the headrest, and the hanging ring is hung on the hook. Therefore, on one hand, the headrest seat cloth can be stably connected to the headrest, and on the other hand, when the headrest seat cloth is cleaned, the headrest seat cloth is convenient to detach, and the headrest seat cloth is simple and convenient.

Optionally, the back of headrest is equipped with the adjustment tank, the couple is movably to be cooperated on the adjustment tank, the couple has the position of use and accomodates the position, in the use position the couple follow the adjustment tank stretches out, in the position of accomodating the couple hide in the adjustment tank. This may increase the overall aesthetics of the child safety seat.

Optionally, the safety belt assembly comprises a shoulder belt adjusting belt, and one end of the shoulder belt adjusting belt is detachably connected to the body seat cloth through a hidden buckle. Thus avoiding the overlong shoulder belt adjusting belt from being dragged to the cushion and simultaneously avoiding tripping other passengers

Optionally, the two sides of the back rest part are provided with placing rings, the safety belt assembly comprises two side belts, the two side belts are respectively provided with a buckle, and the buckle is detachably inserted into the placing rings. On the one hand, when the buckle is not used, the buckle is contained in the placing ring, so that the buckle can be conveniently taken out next time; on the other hand, when the buckle is used, the buckle is in a non-buckling state, so that a child can be directly placed on the seat, and then the buckle is buckled, thereby avoiding the need of opening the buckle before placing the child.

Optionally, the body seat cloth and the headrest seat cloth each at least include: a buffer layer; and the surface layer is adhered on the buffer layer. Thus, the elasticity and the comfort level of the body seat cloth and the headrest seat cloth can be increased.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a child safety seat of one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a rear view of a child safety seat of one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a child safety seat of one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a view in direction A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a B-B directional cross-sectional view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a body panel of one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of a headrest seat cloth of one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a hanger and adjustment slot of one embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a shoulder strap adjustment strap of one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a shoulder strap adjustment strap of one embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a side belt of one embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a side band schematic diagram II of an embodiment;

figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a body or headrest seat in one embodiment.

Reference numerals:

seat body 10, backrest 11, seat body 12, slot 121,

A headrest 20, a hook 21, an adjusting groove 22,

Body seat 30, pocket 31, elastic band 32, fixing insert 33, downward flange 34, one closed end 301, the other closed end 302,

Headrest seat 40, hanging ring 41,

Seat belt assembly 50, side straps 51, shoulder strap adjustment straps 52,

A base 60,

An adjusting button 70,

A first hidden fastener 81, a second hidden fastener 82,

Fastener 91 and placement ring 92

A surface layer a, a buffer layer b and an inner layer c.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, features defining "first", "second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

A child safety seat according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3. In fig. 1, an XY coordinate system is established, the X axis and the Y axis are perpendicular to each other, the X axis is the front-back direction, and the Y axis is the up-down direction. The child is placed on the child safety seat from the front.

A child safety seat according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, includes: the seat assembly comprises a seat body 10, a headrest 20, a body seat cloth 30, a headrest seat cloth 40, a seat belt assembly 50 and a base 60. The seat body 10 is provided with an adjusting button 70, and the seat belt assembly 50 is arranged on the seat body 10 by adjusting the front-back adjustment and the left-right adjustment of the seat body 10 relative to the base 60 through the adjusting button 70.

The seat body 10 has a seat body 12 and a backrest 11, the backrest 11 extending upward from a rear end of the seat body 12, and a headrest 20 connected to an upper end of the backrest 11. The seat body 12 is disposed along a horizontal direction, and the backrest 11 is disposed along a vertical direction, that is, an included angle between the backrest 11 and the seat body 12 may be greater than or equal to 90 ° and less than or equal to 135 ° so as to increase comfort of the seat body 10. The angle between the backrest 11 and the seat 12 can be adjusted according to the needs of the occupant, and is not particularly limited herein.

As shown in fig. 6, the body seat cloth 30 is in a bag shape, and the body seat cloth 30 is detachably sleeved on the seat body 10. The body seat cloth 30 has elasticity, can play a buffering role, and avoids the problem of collision between children and seats caused by emergency braking. The body seat 30 may be made of one layer or may be made of multiple layers. The body seat cloth 30 is provided with a pocket 31, and the body seat cloth 30 is sleeved on the seat body 10 through the pocket 31, so that the body seat cloth 30 can be conveniently installed on the seat body 10 on one hand, and the body seat cloth 30 can be conveniently and rapidly detached when the body seat cloth 30 is cleaned on the other hand.

As shown in fig. 1, the bottom of the seat body 10 emerges from the pocket 31, and the body seat cloth 30 covers 50% -80% of the surface of the seat body 10. It will be appreciated that the bottom of the seat body 10 is the bottom of the seat body 12, and the bottom of the seat body 12 may be partially exposed from the pocket 31, that is, the position where the seat body 12 is connected to the base 60 may not be covered by the body seat cloth 30. The bottom of the seat body 12 and the base 60 are adjusted back and forth and left and right by the rotating mechanism and the locking mechanism, and the body seat cloth 30 does not interfere with the rotating mechanism and the locking mechanism, so that the seat body 10 can be adjusted back and forth and left and right without interfering with the seat body 10, and the seat body 10 can be adjusted freely by the adjusting button 70. The adjustment button 70 is provided on the seat body 12 and is not covered by the body seat cloth 30. The body seat cloth 30 covers 50% -80% of the surface of the seat body 10, the coverage area is reduced, the area of the body seat cloth 30 is reduced, the consumption of the body seat cloth 30 is reduced, and the seat cloth production and manufacturing cost is reduced. Preferably, the body seat cover 30 covers 65% of the surface of the seat body 10.

As shown in fig. 6, the pocket 31 is provided with an elastic band 32, and the body mount 30 is connected to the seat body 10 through the elastic band 32. It should be noted that, the "elastic band" herein may use a flexible elastic member, for example, an elastic thread or an elastic thread; a flexible inelastic member such as a rope and a rope threading portion connected to the pocket 31 may also be employed, and the pocket 31 is tied to the seat body 10 by tying a knot through the rope. This allows the body seat cloth 30 to be stably attached to the seat body 10 and easily detached.

As shown in fig. 7, the headrest seat cloth 40 is detachably sleeved on the headrest 20, and it should be noted that the present application is not limited in terms of detachment. The detachable headrest seat cloth 40 is connected to the headrest 20 in a plugging manner, a plug connector is arranged on the headrest seat cloth 40, and a slot matched with the plug connector in a plugging manner is arranged on the headrest 20; alternatively, the headrest seat cloth 40 is connected to the headrest 20 by bonding, the hook-and-loop surface and the hook-and-loop surface are bonded to each other, one of the hook-and-loop surface and the hook-and-loop surface is connected to the headrest seat cloth 40, and the other is connected to the headrest 20; alternatively, the headrest seat cloth 40 is connected to the headrest 20 by an elastic band. The definition of "elastic band" is the same as that of the above-mentioned "elastic band".

In some embodiments, a fixing insert 33 is disposed on the body seat 30 near the pocket 31, a slot 121 is disposed at the bottom of the seat 12, and the fixing insert 33 is inserted into the slot 121. The body seat cloth 30 is connected to the seat body 12 by a plug-in connection, and further connects the body seat cloth 30 to the seat body 10.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-6, the body seat 30 includes a front cloth region and a rear cloth region, the front cloth region covering the front of the seat body 10, that is, the front cloth region covering the child-facing side of the seat body 10; the back cloth area covers the back of the seat body 10, i.e. the back cloth area covers the side of the seat body 10 facing away from the child. The edge of the back side cloth section is connected to the edge of the front side cloth section to form a pocket shape, and a pocket opening 31 is formed in the back side cloth section. The front cloth areas and the back cloth areas are correspondingly sewed together to form a closed space, and an opening is formed on the back cloth areas, namely the pocket openings 31, so that the pocket shape is formed. As shown in fig. 4, one closed end 301 is sleeved on the upper end of the backrest 11, the other closed end 302 is sleeved on the front end of the seat body 12, and the upper end of the backrest 11 and the front end of the seat body 12 are located in two directions, so that the bag-shaped stable sleeve is arranged on the seat body 10.

In addition, the back cloth region includes a lower flange 34, the lower flange 34 is located at the bottom of the seat body 12, and the lower flange 34 is connected to a position of the front cloth region corresponding to the front end of the seat body 12, and the fixing insert 33 is connected to an edge of the lower flange 34. Correspondingly, a slot 121 matched with the fixing insert 33 is formed at the bottom of the seat body 12, the slot 121 can be arranged along the vertical direction, and the slot 121 can be arranged along the horizontal direction. When the fixing insert 33 is in plug-in fit with the slot 121, the downward flange 34 covers the bottom of the front end of the seat body 12, so that the downward flange 34 can be seen from the front, and the slot 121 and the fixing insert 33 cannot be seen, thereby improving the overall aesthetic property of the child safety seat.

It should be noted that, at least two fixing inserts 33 are provided on the turndown edge 34, and if the number of the fixing inserts 33 is two, the fixing inserts are symmetrically arranged; if the number of the fixing inserts 33 is two or more, the fixing inserts 33 are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the turndown 34. Correspondingly, the fixing inserts 33 are matched with the slots 121 one by one, and the bottom of the seat body 12 is provided with the slots 121 which are equal in number to the fixing inserts 33.

As shown in fig. 3, the fixing insert 33 is a fixing insert having a length L and a width W, the width W being a dimension of the fixing insert in a direction along an edge of the pocket 31, the length L being greater than the width W, the width W being greater than or equal to 10mm, and the length L being greater than or equal to 20mm. The joint strength of fixed inserted sheet can be guaranteed on the one hand like this, on the other hand guarantees the degree of depth of inserting of fixed inserted sheet.

Optionally, the width W is between 10mm and 30mm, the length L is between 20 and 40mm, and the above dimension can ensure the connection strength and the insertion depth, shorten the processing time and improve the processing efficiency. Preferably, the width W is 19mm and the length L is 31mm.

As shown in fig. 5, the insertion groove 121 is disposed in a horizontal direction, so that the fixing insert 33 can be prevented from being separated from the insertion groove 121 due to vehicle shake of the fixing insert 33. The width of the opening of the slot 121 is increased to form a recess for avoiding, so that the fixing insert 33 can be horizontally inserted into the slot, facilitating the insertion of the fixing insert 33.

In some embodiments, the headrest seat 40 has a hanging ring 41 at the edge, the headrest 20 has a hook 21, and the hanging ring 41 is hung on the hook 21. Therefore, on one hand, the headrest seat cloth 40 can be stably connected to the headrest 20, and on the other hand, when the headrest seat cloth 40 is cleaned, the headrest seat cloth 40 is convenient to detach, and the method is simple and convenient.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, an adjustment groove 22 is provided on the back surface of the headrest 20, and a hook 21 is movably fitted on the adjustment groove 22. The movable fit may be a sliding fit, and the back of the headrest 20 extends outwards to form an adjusting groove 22, the adjusting groove 22 is used as a sliding rail, and the hook 21 is in sliding fit with the adjusting groove 22. The hanger 21 has a use position and a storage position, and in the use position, as shown by a broken line in fig. 1, the hanger 21 extends out of the headrest 20 from the adjustment groove 22, and the hanging ring 41 is hung on the hanger 21; when in the storage position, the hooks 21 are hidden in the adjusting grooves 22, so that the overall aesthetic property of the child safety seat can be improved.

In some embodiments, the seat belt assembly 50 includes two side belts 51 with buckles 91 connected to the two side belts 51, and the buckles 91 are detachably inserted into the seat rings 92. As shown in fig. 11 and 12, on the one hand, when the buckle 91 is not in use, the buckle 91 is received in the placement ring 92, so as to facilitate the next taking of the buckle 91; on the other hand, when the buckle 91 is used, the buckle 91 is in a non-buckling state, so that a child can be directly placed on the seat, and then the buckle 91 is buckled, thereby avoiding the need of opening the buckle 91 before placing the child.

Of course, in the solution of the present application, the two sides of the backrest 11 may be provided with placing rings 92, and may also be provided with placing hooks or placing grooves, the function of which is the same as that of the placing rings 92.

In some embodiments, the harness assembly 50 includes a shoulder strap adjustment strap 52, one end of the shoulder strap adjustment strap 52 being removably attached to the body panel 30 by a hidden button.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the shoulder strap adjusting strap 52 has a working surface and a non-working surface which are oppositely disposed, the working surface being a surface which contacts the child, and the non-working surface being provided with a first hidden fastening 81; a second blind fastener 82 is provided at a position of the body seat 30 corresponding to the front end of the seat body 12. The second hidden fastening part 82 is matched with the first hidden fastening part 81 to connect the overlong shoulder strap adjusting belt 52 to the body seat cloth 30. This prevents the lengthy shoulder strap adjustment straps 52 from being towed onto the cushion while avoiding tripping over other passengers.

Of course, in the solution of the present application, the shoulder strap adjusting strap 52 may be connected to the body seat cloth 30 through a hidden buckle, or may be connected through a velcro surface and a velcro hook surface that are adhered to each other, one of the velcro surface and the velcro hook surface is connected to the shoulder strap adjusting strap 52, and the other is connected to the body seat cloth 30; one of the hooks and the hanging rings may be connected to the shoulder strap adjusting strap 52, and the other may be connected to the body seat cloth 30.

As shown in fig. 13, in some embodiments, the body seat cloth 30 and the headrest seat cloth 40 each include at least a buffer layer b and a surface layer a, the surface layer a being adhered to the buffer layer b, the surface layer a being in direct contact with the child. The buffer layer b may be polypropylene plastic foam (EPP), expanded polystyrene-polyethylene blend (EPO), or Expanded Polyethylene (EPE). The surface layer can be terylene, nylon, cotton or chinlon, etc. This may increase the elasticity and comfort of the body seat cloth 30 and the headrest seat cloth 40.

In a specific embodiment, the body seat cloth (headrest seat cloth) sequentially comprises a surface layer a, a buffer layer b and an inner layer c, wherein the inner layer c is in contact with the seat body 10 and the headrest 20, and the inner layer c is made of a material with a large friction coefficient, so that the friction force between the inner layer c and the seat body 10 and between the inner layer c and between the inner layer c and the inner layer of the headrest 20 are increased, and the body seat cloth 30 is prevented from being separated from the seat body 10, so that the body seat cloth 30 is stably sleeved on the seat body 10; preventing the headrest seat cloth 40 from being separated from the headrest 20 so that the headrest seat cloth 40 is sleeved on the headrest 20. The buffer layer b is adhered to the surface layer a and the inner layer c through glue, or the buffer layer is baked through fire so that the surface layer a and the inner layer c are respectively adhered to the two surfaces of the buffer layer b.

Other components of the child safety seat according to embodiments of the present invention, such as the base 60 and adjustment buttons, etc., and operation thereof, are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

In the description herein, reference to the term "embodiment," "example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A child safety seat, comprising:

the seat comprises a seat body and a seat back, wherein the seat body is provided with a seat body part and a back rest part, and the back rest part extends upwards from the rear end of the seat body part;

the headrest is connected to the upper end of the backrest part;

the seat comprises a seat body, wherein the seat body is in a bag shape, the seat body is detachably sleeved on the seat body, the seat body is provided with a bag opening, the bag opening is provided with an elastic band, the seat body is sleeved on the seat body through the bag opening, the bottom of the seat body is exposed from the bag opening, and the seat body covers 50% -80% of the surface of the seat body;

and the safety belt assembly is arranged on the seat body.

2. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a fixing insert is provided on the body seat cloth at a position close to the pocket, a slot is provided at a bottom of the seat body, and the fixing insert is inserted into the slot.

3. The child safety seat according to claim 2, wherein the body mount comprises:

the front cloth area covers the front of the seat body;

the back cloth area covers the back of the seat body, the edge of the back cloth area is connected with the edge of the front cloth area to form a bag shape, the bag opening is formed on the back cloth area, the back cloth area comprises a lower flanging, the lower flanging is located at the bottom of the seat body, the lower flanging is connected to the position, corresponding to the front cloth area and the front end of the seat body, of the back cloth area, and the fixing plug-in is connected to the edge of the lower flanging.

4. A child safety seat according to claim 3, wherein the securing insert is a securing tab having a length L and a width W, the width W being the dimension of the securing tab in the direction of the pocket edge, the length L being greater than the width W, the width W being between 10mm and 30mm, the length L being between 20 and 40 mm.

5. The child safety seat according to claim 2, wherein the slot opening increases in width to form a relief groove.

6. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a hanging ring is provided on the headrest seat cloth, a hook is provided on the headrest, and the hanging ring is hung on the hook.

7. The child safety seat according to claim 6, wherein the back of the headrest is provided with an adjustment slot, the hanger being movably fitted on the adjustment slot, the hanger having a use position in which the hanger protrudes from the adjustment slot and a storage position in which the hanger is hidden within the adjustment slot.

8. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the harness assembly includes a shoulder strap adjustment strap having one end detachably connected to the body panel by a cam buckle.

9. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the back rest has a placement ring on both sides thereof, and the harness assembly includes two side straps each having a buckle removably inserted into the placement ring.

10. Child safety seat according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the body seat cloth and the headrest seat cloth each comprise at least:

a buffer layer;

and the surface layer is adhered on the buffer layer.