CN116249593A - 用于将机械振动传递至可流动介质的装置 - Google Patents
用于将机械振动传递至可流动介质的装置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B3/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency involving a change of amplitude
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/08—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with magnetostriction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/128—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using magnetostrictive driving means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/70—Specific application
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于将机械振动传递至可流动介质的装置。该装置的特点是在谐振振动期间,谐振器有效表面点的法向振幅基本一致,有效表面中超过50%的有效表面点的振幅矢量基本上不平行于这些有效表面点的法向矢量。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于将机械振动传递至可流动介质的装置。
背景技术
谐振器可以在任意表面点、任意几个表面点或一个或多个局部表面被激发产生谐振振动。谐振器能够有多个谐振频率。谐振器的谐振频率可能受到谐振器的材料、几何形状、温度及其与可流动介质的接触等因素的影响。
此外,谐振器经由有效表面传递至可流动介质的机械功率,取决于可流动介质的性质,诸如温度、黏度或压力,也取决于有效表面的大小和取决于有效表面点的法向振幅。
对于某些应用,需要对于所有有效表面点有基本一致的法向振幅。
众所周知,谐振器在有效表面的各段中表现出基本一致的法向振幅,其中有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本平行。
发明内容
本发明基于一种用于将机械振动传递至可流动介质的装置。权利要求1的装置的特点是在谐振振动期间,谐振器有效表面点的法向振幅基本一致,有效表面中超过50%的有效表面点的振幅矢量基本上不平行于这些有效表面点的法向矢量。
本发明使得在与可流动介质接触的较大比例的谐振器表面上传递有效振幅基本一致的振动成为可能。谐振器被设计为,在对谐振器的大部分有效表面进行谐振振动期间,有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行,并且由此产生的有效表面点的法向振幅基本一致。
此外,以下段落中提到的实施例a)到m)是优选的,特别是以这些实施例中的两个或多个实施例的组合:
a)谐振振动在15千赫至60千赫范围内。
b)谐振器基本上是杆状的。
c)谐振器是旋转对称的。谐振器的最大直径优选地在30毫米和120毫米之间。
d)谐振器的有效表面点的振幅的最大值在1微米至100微米之间。
e)谐振器由一个部件组成。
f)谐振器由金属材料制成。可替换地,谐振器能够由非金属材料制成。
g)谐振器的有效表面是10平方厘米至4500平方厘米。
h)通过谐振机械振动经由有效表面从谐振器传递至可流动介质的功率范围为100瓦特至16000瓦特。
i)谐振器与激振器机械连接。
j)谐振器与机电激振器机械连接,该机电激振器将电振动压电或磁致伸缩地转换为机械振动。
k)谐振器与另一个谐振器机械连接。
l)超过80%的有效表面的法向振幅在平均值的-20%到+20%范围内。特别优选地,超过85%的有效表面的法向振幅在平均值的-15%到+15%范围内。
m)超过70%的有效表面的有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行。优选地,超过80%的有效表面的有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行。特别优选地,超过90%的有效表面的有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行。
n)
o)谐振器表面的限制谐振器与环境空气、冷却液或压缩气体、保护气体或惰性气体接触的部分不被认为是有效表面的一部分。
定义和术语
可流动介质(flowable media),是例如流体、气体、液体、熔体、等离子体或超临界气体、液态金属、分散体、乳液、细胞悬浮液、糊、涂料、聚合物、树脂和纳米材料或上述物质的混合物。可流动介质可以具有从0厘泊到300000000厘泊,优选地从0.1厘泊到1000000厘泊,例如200厘泊的不同的粘度。
谐振器点(resonator point)是谐振器的一个元件。谐振器是所有谐振器点的集合。
表面点(surface point)(谐振器表面点)是位于谐振器表面上限制谐振器的点。谐振器表面面积是所有谐振器表面点的集合。谐振器表面面积能够是从0平方厘米至100000平方厘米,优选地从10平方厘米至5000平方厘米,例如1000平方厘米。
有效表面(effective surface)是谐振器表面的一部分,它限制了与一种或几种可流动介质接触的谐振器(part of the surface of the resonator limiting theresonator which is in contact with a flowable medium or several flowablemedia)。有效表面能够是从0平方厘米至95000平方厘米,优选地从10平方厘米至4500平方厘米,例如950平方厘米。
有效表面点(effective surface point)是谐振器表面上限制谐振器的与可流动介质接触的部分上的点(a point located on that part of the resonator's surfacelimiting the resonator which is in contact with a flowable medium)。
有效功率(effective power)是通过谐振机械振动经由有效表面从谐振器传递至可流动介质的功率。有效功率能够是大于1瓦特,优选地是10瓦特至24000瓦特,例如4000瓦特。
振动(vibration)是工作频率为0.1千赫至100千赫,优选为15千赫至60千赫,例如20千赫的机械振动。在振动期间,谐振器点围绕静止位置有规律地移动。
静止位置(rest position)(平衡位置)是没有振动时所有谐振器点的位置。
振动偏转(vibration deflection)(偏移)表示谐振器点与其静止位置的瞬时距离。每个表面点的振动偏转能够通过沿X、Y和Z轴的偏转的组合来描述。
振幅(amplitude)是指谐振器点在偏转期间由这个谐振器点完成的运动与其静止位置之间的最大可能距离。
谐振器点的位置(position of a resonator point)由其位置矢量(例如,笛卡尔坐标)给出。
谐振器点的振幅矢量(amplitude vector)是通过从谐振器点在离其静止位置最大可能距离时的位置矢量减去谐振器点在静止时的位置矢量得到的。
法向矢量(normal vector)是指与直线、曲线、平面、(弯曲)表面正交(即,成直角、垂直)的矢量,或这类对象的更高维度概括。弯曲表面在某点处的法向矢量是该点处切平面的法向矢量。对于法向矢量的确定,应忽略或平滑由于表面粗糙度(ra<200μm)导致的曲率、凹痕、轮廓、压痕、凸起、凹槽和孔等。
表面点的法向矢量(normal vector of a surface point)是谐振器表面在该表面点处的法向矢量。
有效表面点的法向矢量(normal vector of an effective surface point)是谐振器表面在这个有效表面点处的法向矢量。
表面点的法向振幅(normal amplitude of a surface point)是这个表面点在偏转期间这个表面点的运动沿这个表面点的法向矢量的最大可能距离。
有效表面点的法向振幅(normal amplitude of an effective surface point)是这个有效表面点在偏转期间这个有效表面点的运动沿这个有效表面点的法向矢量的最大可能距离。
彼此具有小角度,优选为0至20度的角度,例如小于12度的角度的两条直线或两个矢量是基本上平行的(substantially parallel)。
基本上一致的值(substantially uniform)是指在很大程度上彼此接近的值。基本上一致的值优选地其超过80%位于均值的-20%至+20%范围内。例如,基本上一致的值优选地其超过85%位于均值的-15%至+15%范围内。
谐振器(resonator)能够是任何机械结构。此外,谐振器可以是杆形、环形、钟形、板形、梁形、长方体形、圆柱形、球形、立方体形、圆锥形、空心圆柱形、多边形或板形的,旋转对称或不旋转对称的,优选地是杆形、圆柱形或梁形且旋转对称的,例如是杆形的且旋转对称于该杆形的纵轴。谐振器的材料可以是任意的,优选地是固体或液体,例如,固体。用于固体谐振器的材料可以是金属,非金属,晶体,植物产品,诸如木材,陶瓷,玻璃,聚合物或复合材料,优选地是金属,诸如钛合金。谐振器可以由一个部分或多个相连的子部件组成,优选地由一个或两个部分组成,例如由一个部分组成。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于将机械振动传递至可流动介质的装置,其特征在于,在谐振振动期间,谐振器的有效表面点的法向振幅基本一致,有效表面中超过50%的有效表面点的振幅矢量基本上不平行于这些有效表面点的法向矢量。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振振动在15千赫至60千赫范围内。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器基本上是杆状的。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器是旋转对称的。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述谐振器的最大直径在30毫米和120毫米之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中沿着谐振器的有效表面点的最大振幅在1微米至100微米之间。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器由一个部件组成。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器由金属材料制成。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器的有效表面是10平方厘米至4500平方厘米。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中通过谐振机械振动经由有效表面从谐振器传递至可流动介质的功率范围为100瓦特至16000瓦特。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器与激振器机械连接。
12.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器与机电激振器机械连接,所述机电激振器将电振动压电或磁致伸缩地转换为机械振动。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述谐振器与另一个谐振器机械连接。
14.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中超过80%的有效表面的法向振幅在平均值的-20%到+20%范围内,优选地超过85%的有效表面的法向振幅在平均值的-15%到+15%范围内。
15.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中超过70%的有效表面的有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行,优选地,超过80%的有效表面的有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行,特别优选地,超过90%的有效表面的有效表面点的振幅矢量与这些有效表面点的法向矢量基本不平行。
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