CN116247765A - Energy storage device and energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy storage device and energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116247765A CN116247765A CN202310120753.5A CN202310120753A CN116247765A CN 116247765 A CN116247765 A CN 116247765A CN 202310120753 A CN202310120753 A CN 202310120753A CN 116247765 A CN116247765 A CN 116247765A
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- battery
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- negative electrode
- energy storage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides an energy storage device and energy storage system, including at least one battery cluster and at least one cluster fuse in the energy storage device, the battery cluster is including a plurality of battery packs of establishing ties, and every battery pack includes battery and circuit breaker, and the positive pole of battery is connected to the circuit breaker and the positive pole of battery pack or the negative pole of connecting battery negative pole and battery pack, responds to the charge current or the discharge current of any battery in the battery cluster and is higher than and presumes the electric current threshold value, and at least one circuit breaker breaks off in the battery cluster. By utilizing the energy storage device provided by the application, the maintenance isolation and fault protection of each battery can be realized on the premise of not increasing the system cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electronic power technology, and more particularly, to an energy storage device and an energy storage system.
Background
At present, an energy storage system is required to carry out peak shaving and frequency modulation on a power grid for photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation. The energy storage system is connected to the power grid through a current transformer. The energy storage system includes a battery cluster including batteries. The batteries are connected through a connector with high protection level and a battery fuse, and the battery clusters are connected with the current transformer through a cluster fuse or a circuit breaker. Wherein, the high protection level connector is used for guaranteeing the safety of installation or maintenance personnel. The battery fuse can isolate the battery with faults in a breaking mode so as to ensure that other batteries work normally.
However, it is difficult to reliably cope with situations in which a battery has a nonmetallic short circuit but the short-circuit point resistance is not zero, or in which a plurality of batteries have insulation faults to a casing or housing. In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide an energy storage device that achieves maintenance isolation and fault protection for each battery without increasing costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system, which can realize maintenance isolation and fault protection of each battery on the premise of not increasing cost.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an energy storage device comprising at least one battery cluster. The battery cluster comprises a plurality of battery packs which are sequentially connected in series. At least one battery pack includes a battery and a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is used for responding to that the charging current or the discharging current of the battery is higher than a set current threshold value, and the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack is disconnected.
The charging current or discharging current of the battery is higher than a set current threshold value, which indicates that the battery has a nonmetallic short-circuit fault, and the battery with the nonmetallic short-circuit fault can be isolated after at least one breaker in the battery cluster is disconnected. Compared with the prior art that the battery pack is disconnected through the fuse connected with the battery, the battery pack has the defect that the battery with short circuit fault can be isolated when the charging current or the discharging current of the battery is higher than a certain multiple of the rated current of the fuse in the battery pack. The energy storage device can realize protection when nonmetallic short-circuit faults occur to the battery, and the safety problem that the battery is burst and fires risk caused by unreliable breaking is avoided.
In one embodiment, at least one circuit breaker in the battery cluster is opened in response to a positive ground resistance value of the battery cluster or a negative ground resistance value of the battery cluster being less than a set ground resistance threshold; or at least one breaker in the battery cluster is opened in response to a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal output by the water immersion sensor.
The energy storage device can realize real-time protection of nonmetallic short-circuit faults, can realize protection of insulation detection of battery packs in a plurality of battery clusters, and can prevent a plurality of battery short-circuits caused by the multiple grounding faults by judging that the multiple grounding faults occur after the insulation detection circuit detects that the positive electrode grounding resistance value of the battery cluster and the negative electrode grounding resistance value of the battery cluster are smaller than a set grounding resistance threshold value. In addition, cooperate the water logging sensor that is arranged in the battery package, when water logging sensor detects that the battery is in the state of soaking, based on water logging sensor output's water logging electric current detection signal or water logging voltage detection signal, at least one circuit breaker disconnection in the battery cluster avoids the battery short circuit or the incident that water logging battery leads to.
In one embodiment, the energy storage device includes a cluster fuse through which one of the positive or negative poles of the battery cluster transmits a charging current or a discharging current.
In one embodiment, a circuit breaker connects the positive electrode of the battery with the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster is connected with the cluster fuse.
In one embodiment, an energy storage device includes a first cluster of switches and a second cluster of switches. The breaker is connected with the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the cluster fuse and the first cluster switch, and the positive electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the second cluster switch.
With the adoption of the structure, when the cluster fuse is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster, the negative electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the battery cluster and the negative end is connected with the battery cluster. Therefore, compared with the existing system topological structure, the cluster fusing current-limiting protection can be realized on the premise of reducing the cluster fuses.
In one embodiment, a circuit breaker connects the negative electrode of the battery with the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the positive electrode of the battery cluster is connected with the cluster fuse.
In one embodiment, an energy storage device includes a first cluster of switches and a second cluster of switches. The breaker is connected with the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the cluster fuse and the second cluster switch, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the first cluster switch. By adopting the two structures, when the cluster fuse is connected with the battery cluster to be connected with the negative end, the positive electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster. Therefore, compared with the existing system topological structure, the cluster fusing current-limiting protection can be realized on the premise of reducing the cluster fuses.
In one embodiment, the positive electrode of the first battery pack of the plurality of battery packs connected in series in sequence is the positive electrode of the battery cluster, the negative electrode of the last battery pack is the negative electrode of the battery cluster, and the negative electrode of the last battery pack is connected with the positive electrode of the next battery pack between the adjacent battery packs.
In one embodiment, adjacent battery packs are connected through at least one or more connecting media of copper bars, aluminum bars and screws. Because each battery package all can realize the circuit breaking alone, compare and prevent the mistake and touch the problem through the high protection level connector that sets up on the route of connecting between each battery package of current topological structure, this application is in order to save the cost, can connect through at least one or more connection medium in copper bar, aluminium row and the screw between adjacent battery package.
In one embodiment, at least one circuit breaker in at least one battery pack is opened in response to the charge current or discharge current of any one of the at least one battery pack being above a set current threshold.
In one embodiment, the energy storage device includes at least one of an insulation detection circuit, a water immersion sensor, or a current detection circuit. The insulation detection circuit is used for detecting the positive electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster and the negative electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster. The water immersion sensor is used for outputting a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal. The current detection circuit is used for detecting the charging current or the discharging current of the battery.
The current detection circuit can be a current transformer, and the insulation detection circuit can detect the positive electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster and the negative electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster by detecting the current and the voltage between the positive electrode of the battery cluster and the negative electrode of the battery cluster. The water immersion sensor can be respectively arranged in each battery pack, when liquid infiltrates into the surface of the water immersion sensor, the resistance between the two wires is immediately reduced due to the adsorption of the water-contact conductive material, the water immersion sensor triggers the alarm of the water immersion condition and outputs a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal. The battery pack can further comprise a humidity sensor for detecting the internal humidity of the battery pack, and determining that the water immersion risk exists in the energy storage device when the internal humidity is greater than a set humidity threshold.
In order to achieve control over the circuit breakers, as one possible implementation, the energy storage device includes a controller that controls at least one circuit breaker in a battery cluster to open in response to a positive ground resistance value of the battery cluster or a negative ground resistance value of the battery cluster being less than a set ground resistance threshold; or the controller responds to the water immersion current detection signal or the water immersion voltage detection signal output by the water immersion sensor, and at least one breaker in the battery cluster is opened.
In one embodiment, at least one circuit breaker in the battery cluster is controlled to open after a circuit breaking delay in response to the charging current or discharging current of any of the batteries in the battery cluster being above a set current threshold. After the circuit breaking delay, at least one breaker in the battery cluster is controlled to be disconnected, the current limiting protection characteristic of the cluster fuse is matched, the selective protection between each breaker and the cluster fuse can be realized, the expansion of faults can be prevented, and all the breakers are prevented from being in a circuit breaking state.
When the battery fails, flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like are released, and if the battery is accompanied with breaking arc generated by a fuse or other breaking devices, the flammable and explosive gases around the battery can be detonated.
In one embodiment, the battery pack comprises a battery pack cavity, the battery and the circuit breaker are arranged in the battery pack cavity, the circuit breaker comprises a movable contact and a closed cavity, the closed cavity is arranged in the battery pack cavity, and the movable contact is arranged in the closed cavity.
In one embodiment, the inner part of the closed cavity can be further provided with an arc extinguishing structure, the arc extinguishing structure can comprise a plurality of arc extinguishing grid plates, and the arc extinguishing grid plates can guide an electric arc into the arc extinguishing grid plates from the fixed contact or the moving contact so as to achieve the aim of arc extinguishing. And an interlocking design is further adopted between the battery pack and the circuit breaker, and when an operator operates the battery in the battery pack, the circuit breaker in the corresponding battery pack is triggered to be disconnected, so that the operation without electrification is realized.
In a second aspect, an energy storage system provided by the application includes a current transformer, a cluster fuse and at least one battery cluster, the current transformer includes a positive end connected with the battery cluster and a negative end connected with the battery cluster, each battery cluster includes a plurality of battery packs connected in series in sequence, and the at least one battery pack includes a battery and a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is connected with the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster, the negative electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster through a cluster fuse, and the circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack according to the charging current or the discharging current of at least one battery pack. Or, the circuit breaker is connected with the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster through a cluster fuse, the negative electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster, and the circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack according to the charging current or the discharging current of at least one battery pack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in the present application;
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an energy storage system provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the energy storage device provided in the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the energy storage device provided in the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. The words expressing the positions and directions described in the present application are described by taking the drawings as an example, but can be changed according to the needs, and all the changes are included in the protection scope of the present application. The drawings of the present application are merely schematic representations, not to scale.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific method of operation in the method embodiment may also be applied to the device embodiment or the system embodiment. In the description of the present application, "at least one" means one or more, wherein a plurality means two or more. In view of this, the term "plurality" may also be understood as "at least two" in embodiments of the present invention. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/", unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the associated object is an "or" relationship. In addition, it should be understood that in the description of this application, the words "first," "second," and the like are used merely for distinguishing between the descriptions and not for indicating or implying any relative importance or order.
It should be noted that "connected" in the embodiments of the present application refers to an electrical connection, and two electrical components may be connected directly or indirectly between two electrical components. For example, a may be directly connected to B, or indirectly connected to B through one or more other electrical components, for example, a may be directly connected to B, or directly connected to C, and C may be directly connected to B, where a and B are connected through C.
At present, a high-protection-level connector is usually arranged on a path connected between each battery in the energy storage system, a fuse is arranged on a path connected between the battery and the current transformer, and a cluster-level fuse or a circuit breaker is also arranged on a path connected between a battery cluster and the current transformer. The topology of the energy storage system described above has the following drawbacks: the reliable breaking current of the fuse connected with the battery is larger than the rated current of the fuse, and when nonmetallic short circuit (namely, the short-circuit point resistance is not zero and the fault current is smaller and is difficult to reach the rated current of the fuse) occurs in the battery, the fuse connected with the battery cannot be reliably broken. In addition, when a plurality of above batteries have insulation faults on the machine shell or the outer shell at the same time, the fuses connected with the batteries are difficult to realize series connection and match breaking due to individual differences, and finally the fuses connected with the batteries may possibly burst and fire, and if the fuses connected with the batteries are selected by cluster voltage, the cost of the energy storage system is increased.
In view of this, the present application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system, which can realize maintenance isolation and fault protection for each battery without increasing the cost.
The energy storage device provided herein includes at least one battery cluster. The battery cluster comprises a plurality of battery packs which are sequentially connected in series. At least one battery pack includes a battery and a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is used for responding to that the charging current or the discharging current of the battery is higher than a set current threshold value, and the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack is disconnected.
The energy storage system that this application provided includes converter, a cluster fuse and at least one battery cluster, the converter includes that the battery cluster connects positive end and battery cluster connects negative end, every the battery cluster is including a plurality of battery packs that establish ties in proper order, at least one the battery pack includes battery and circuit breaker. In one embodiment, the circuit breaker is connected between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster, the negative electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster through one cluster fuse, and the circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack according to the charging current or the discharging current of at least one battery pack. In one embodiment, the circuit breaker connects the negative electrode of the battery with the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster through one cluster fuse, the negative electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster, and the circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack according to the charging current or the discharging current of at least one battery pack.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage device 100 includes at least one battery cluster 101. The battery pack 101 includes a plurality of battery packs 103 connected in series in sequence. The at least one battery pack 103 includes a battery 104 and a circuit breaker 105.
In one embodiment, the positive electrode of the first battery pack of the plurality of battery packs connected in series in sequence is the positive electrode of the battery cluster, the negative electrode of the last battery pack is the negative electrode of the battery cluster, and the negative electrode of one battery pack is connected with the positive electrode of the other battery pack between two adjacent battery packs. The battery 104 includes one or more of a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, a sodium battery, a magnesium battery, an aluminum battery, a potassium battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or a lithium polymer battery, among others.
In one embodiment, the positive electrode of one battery pack and the negative electrode of the other battery pack of the two adjacent battery packs of the plurality of battery packs connected in series in sequence are connected through at least one or more connecting media of copper bars, aluminum bars and screws.
Illustratively, the positive electrode of the first battery pack 103 of the plurality of battery packs 103 connected in series in sequence is the positive electrode of the battery cluster 101, the negative electrode of the last battery pack 103 is the negative electrode of the battery cluster 101, and the negative electrode of the last battery pack 103 is connected with the positive electrode of the next battery pack 103 between the adjacent battery packs 103. The negative electrode of the previous cell pack 103 and the positive electrode of the next cell pack 103 between the adjacent cell packs 103 are connected through at least one or more connecting mediums of copper bars, aluminum bars and screws.
The breaker 105 connects the positive electrode of the battery 104 with the positive electrode of the battery pack 103 or connects the negative electrode of the battery 104 with the negative electrode of the battery pack 103. The circuit breaker 105 is used to disconnect the connection between the positive electrode of the battery 104 and the positive electrode of the battery pack 103 or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery 104 and the negative electrode of the battery pack 103 according to the charge current or the discharge current of at least one of the battery packs 103.
Specifically, the circuit breaker 105 is configured to disconnect the connection between the positive electrode of the battery 104 and the positive electrode of the battery pack 103 or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery 104 and the negative electrode of the battery pack 103 in response to the charging current or discharging current of any one of the batteries in the battery cluster 101 being higher than the set current threshold. Illustratively, the circuit breaker 105 of the battery 104 is opened in response to the charging current or discharging current of the battery 104 being above a set current threshold.
In one embodiment, at least one of the circuit breakers in the at least one of the battery packs is opened in response to the charging or discharging current of any one of the batteries in the at least one of the battery packs being above a set current threshold. Illustratively, the circuit breakers 105 of the plurality of batteries 104 are opened in response to the charge current or the discharge current of any of the batteries 104 being above a set current threshold.
In one embodiment, the circuit breaker is configured to disconnect the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack in response to the positive electrode of the battery cluster or the negative electrode of the battery cluster having a resistance to ground that is less than a set resistance to ground threshold. Illustratively, the one or more circuit breakers 105 are opened in response to the positive ground resistance value of the battery cluster 101 or the negative ground resistance value of the battery cluster 101 being less than the set ground resistance threshold.
In one embodiment, the circuit breaker is configured to disconnect the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack in response to the water immersion current detection signal or the water immersion voltage detection signal output from the water immersion sensor. Illustratively, one or more circuit breakers 105 are opened in response to a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal output by the water immersion sensor.
The battery 104 experiences a nonmetallic short-circuit fault, and the charging current or discharging current of the battery 104 is greater than the charging current or discharging current of the battery 104 under normal conditions. Therefore, when the charging current or the discharging current of any one of the batteries 104 is higher than the set current threshold, it is indicated that the battery 104 has a nonmetallic short-circuit fault at this time. The circuit breaker 105, after opening, can realize isolation protection for the battery 104 with nonmetallic short-circuit fault. The energy storage device 100 provided by the application can realize reliable breaking when any battery 104 has nonmetallic short-circuit fault, reduce the risk of ignition of the battery 104 and improve the safety of the energy storage device 100.
In one embodiment, the energy storage device provided herein includes at least one battery cluster and one cluster fuse. One of the positive or negative poles of the battery cluster transmits a charging current or a discharging current through the one cluster fuse. In one embodiment, the circuit breaker connects the positive electrode of the battery with the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster is connected with the cluster fuse. In one embodiment, the circuit breaker connects the battery negative electrode with the battery pack negative electrode, and the battery cluster positive electrode is connected with the cluster fuse.
Referring to fig. 1, an energy storage device 100 includes at least one battery cluster 101 and a cluster fuse 102. One of the positive or negative poles of the battery cluster 101 transmits a charging current or a discharging current through the cluster fuse 102. Illustratively, a circuit breaker 105 connects the positive pole of the battery 104 with the positive pole of the battery pack 103, and the negative pole of the battery cluster 101 with the cluster fuse 102. Illustratively, a circuit breaker 105 connects the negative pole of the battery 104 with the negative pole of the battery pack 103, and the positive pole of the battery cluster 101 with the cluster fuse 102.
Fig. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 2A, the energy storage system includes an energy storage device 100 and a current transformer. The current transformer comprises a battery cluster 101 connected with a positive terminal and a battery cluster 101 connected with a negative terminal. Wherein the circuit breaker 105 of the battery pack 103 in each battery cluster 101 connects the negative electrode of the battery 104 with the negative electrode of the battery pack 103. The positive electrode of each battery cluster 101 can be connected with the positive end of the battery cluster through a cluster fuse 102, and the negative electrode of each battery cluster 101 is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster.
Fig. 2B is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage system provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 2B, the energy storage system includes an energy storage device 100 and a current transformer. The current transformer comprises a battery cluster 101 connected with a positive terminal and a battery cluster 101 connected with a negative terminal. The circuit breaker 105 of the battery pack 103 in each battery cluster 101 connects the positive electrode of the battery 104 with the positive electrode of the battery pack 103. The positive electrode of each battery cluster 101 is directly connected with the battery cluster connecting positive end, and the negative electrode of each battery cluster 101 is connected with the battery cluster connecting negative end through a cluster fuse 102.
The converter may be a pre-configured power conversion circuit with a fixed charge or discharge current direction and current magnitude. For example, when the current direction is from the current transformer to the battery cluster 101, charging of the batteries 104 in the battery cluster 101 may be achieved. And when the current flows to the current transformer when the current flows from the battery cluster 101, the discharging of the battery 104 can be realized. The current transformer may provide a set charge power to the battery 104 for charging, and the current transformer 10 may also discharge the battery 104 with a set discharge power.
The battery pack of each battery cluster 101 of the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system provided by the application comprises a breaker 105, and each battery cluster 101 only needs to comprise one cluster fuse 102, so that the number of the cluster fuses 102 is reduced. The breaker 105 isolates the battery pack 103 that is to be operated so that no short circuit and no danger of personnel electric shock occurs even if the operator does not wear insulation as required or the metal tool carried by it overlaps the positive and negative terminals of the battery 104. In addition, the circuit breaker 105 in the present application may further have a short-circuit connection capability, that is, after the battery 104 returns to normal, the circuit breaker 105 may restore the connection between the battery 104 and the current transformer in the battery pack 103. Because each battery pack 103 can be individually disconnected, compared with the existing topology structure, the problem of false touch is prevented by the high protection level connector on the connection path between the battery packs 103, the energy storage device 100 can be reduced in overall cost by connecting at least one or more connection media among the copper bars, the aluminum bars and the screws (using low-cost connection media) between the adjacent battery packs 103 for saving cost.
Fig. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the energy storage device 100 includes at least one battery cluster 101, one cluster fuse 102, a first cluster switch 301, and a second cluster switch 302.
In one embodiment, the circuit breaker connects the positive electrode of the battery with the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery cluster transmits the charging current or the discharging current through the cluster fuse and the first cluster switch, and the positive electrode of the battery cluster transmits the charging current or the discharging current through the second cluster switch. Illustratively, the circuit breaker 105 connects the positive pole of the battery 104 with the positive pole of the battery pack 103, one end of the first cluster switch 301 is connected to the positive pole of the battery cluster 101, and the other end of the first cluster switch 301 is used for connecting a current transformer. One end of the second cluster switch 302 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cluster 101 through the cluster fuse 102, and the other end of the second cluster switch 302 is used for connecting to a current transformer.
In one embodiment, the circuit breaker connects the negative electrode of the battery with the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of the battery cluster transmits the charging current or the discharging current through the cluster fuse and the second cluster switch, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster transmits the charging current or the discharging current through the first cluster switch. Specifically, the breaker 105 connects the negative electrode of the battery 104 with the negative electrode of the battery pack 103, one end of the first cluster switch 301 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery cluster 101 through the cluster fuse 102, and the other end of the first cluster switch 301 is used for connecting with the current transformer. One end of the second cluster switch 302 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery cluster 101, and the other end of the second cluster switch 302 is used for being connected with a current transformer.
When the energy storage device 100 provided by the application needs to maintain the whole battery cluster 101, the first cluster switch 301 and the second cluster switch 302 are turned off to realize system-level maintenance isolation.
In one embodiment, the energy storage device includes at least one of an insulation detection circuit, a water immersion sensor, or a current detection circuit. The insulation detection circuit is used for detecting the positive electrode resistance to ground of the battery cluster and the negative electrode resistance to ground of the battery cluster. The water immersion sensor is used for outputting a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal. The current detection circuit is used for detecting the charging current or the discharging current of the battery.
Illustratively, the energy storage device 100 provided herein includes an insulation detection circuit for detecting a positive ground resistance value of the battery cluster 101 and a negative ground resistance value of the battery cluster 101. Illustratively, each battery pack 103 includes a water immersion sensor and a current detection circuit. The water immersion sensor is used for outputting a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal. The current detection circuit is used to detect the charge current or the discharge current of the battery 104.
The current detection circuit can be a current transformer (current transformer, CT), and the current transformer is an instrument for converting primary side large current into secondary side small current according to an electromagnetic induction principle for measurement. The current transformer is composed of a closed iron core and windings. The number of turns of the primary winding is small (the primary winding is a tested cable in the application), a current transformer is sleeved on a tested loop in a line of current to be measured, and the principle of electromagnetic mutual inductance is utilized to detect the charging current or the discharging circuit flowing through the tested loop of the tested cable.
The insulation detection circuit can detect the positive electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster and the negative electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster by detecting the current and the voltage between the positive electrode of the battery cluster and the negative electrode of the battery cluster.
Water logging sensors may also be respectively installed in each battery pack 103 for respectively detecting water logging of each battery 104. The water sensor can comprise two wires and a water-contacting conductive material with better water absorption, the two wires are wound and woven into the water-contacting conductive material in parallel, the two wires are separated by the water-contacting conductive material, so that no connection exists between the two wires, and if the water-contacting conductive material is not soaked by water, the resistance between the two wires is extremely high. When liquid infiltrates into the surface of the water immersion sensor, the resistance between the two wires is immediately reduced due to the adsorption of the water-contact conductive material, so that an alarm of the water immersion condition is triggered, and a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal is output. A humidity sensor may be further included in the battery pack 103 for detecting the internal humidity of the battery pack 103, and determining that there is a risk of flooding in the energy storage device 100 when the internal humidity is greater than a set humidity threshold.
In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises a controller for controlling at least one circuit breaker in the battery cluster to open in response to a positive ground resistance value of the battery cluster or a negative ground resistance value of the battery cluster being less than a set ground resistance threshold; or responding to a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal output by the water immersion sensor, wherein at least one breaker in the battery cluster is opened; or controlling at least one breaker in the battery cluster to open after a breaking delay in response to the charging current or discharging current of any battery in the battery cluster being higher than a set current threshold.
Fig. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the energy storage device 101 includes a controller 401. The controller 401 may be a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) that can be used to actively equalize the power of the batteries 104 in each battery pack 103, and the controller 401 may also perform thermal runaway warning on the batteries 104 when the internal temperature of the batteries 104 is equal to the thermal runaway temperature. Alternatively, the controller 401 may estimate a state of charge (SOC) of the battery 104 based on the internal temperature of the battery 104 to determine the battery life. In addition, an ambient temperature sensor, an ambient humidity sensor, etc. may be included in the controller 401, which enables acquisition of an ambient quantity (ambient temperature, ambient humidity, etc.). An analog-to-digital converter (analog to digital converter, ADC) may also be included in the controller 401 for converting analog quantities (e.g., charge or discharge current of the battery 104, etc.) input by various sensing circuits and sensors into digital quantities for ease of identification.
The controller 401 is configured to control the at least one circuit breaker 105 in the battery cluster 101 to open in response to the positive ground resistance value of the battery cluster 101 or the negative ground resistance value of the battery cluster 101 being less than a set ground resistance threshold; or the controller 401 is configured to control the at least one circuit breaker 105 to open in response to the water immersion current detection signal or the water immersion voltage detection signal output by the water immersion sensor; or the controller 401 is configured to control the opening of the at least one circuit breaker 105 in response to the charging current or the discharging current of any one of the cells 104 in the battery cluster 101 being higher than a set current threshold.
After the circuit breaking delay, at least one breaker 105 in the battery cluster is controlled to be opened, and the current limiting protection characteristic of the cluster fuse 102 is matched, so that the selective protection between each breaker 105 and the cluster fuse 102 is realized, the expansion of faults can be prevented, and all the breakers 105 are prevented from being in a circuit breaking state.
The energy storage device 100 provided by the application not only can realize real-time protection of nonmetallic short-circuit faults, but also can realize protection of realizing insulation detection on battery packs in a plurality of battery clusters 101. After the insulation detection circuit detects that the positive electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster and the negative electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster are smaller than the set ground resistance threshold, double (multiple) grounding faults can be judged to occur, at least one breaker in the battery cluster is disconnected, and the short circuit of a plurality of batteries 104 caused by the double (multiple) grounding faults is avoided. In addition, in cooperation with the water logging sensor located in the battery pack 103, when the water logging sensor detects that the battery is in a water logging state, at least one circuit breaker in the battery cluster is disconnected based on a water logging current detection signal or a water logging voltage detection signal output by the water logging sensor, so that short circuit or safety accidents caused by water logging of the battery 104 are avoided.
In one embodiment, the circuit breaker 105 in the energy storage device 100 provided herein includes a circuit breaker body and a communication module. Communication between the communication module in the circuit breaker 105 and the controller 401 may be established by a wired transmission or a wireless transmission. For example, the wired transmission may include: the wireless transmissions may include 6 g/5 g/4 g/3 g/2 g, general packet radio service (general packet radio service, GPRS), wireless network (WiFi), bluetooth, zigbee, and infrared, among others, a wired local area network (local area network, LAN), serial bus, controller area network (controller area network, CAN), and power line carrier (power line communication, PLC). The circuit breaker 105 performs an opening or closing operation based on an instruction received by the communication module.
In one embodiment, the battery pack in the energy storage device 100 provided by the application includes a battery pack cavity, the circuit breaker includes a moving contact and a closed cavity, the closed cavity is disposed in the battery pack cavity, and the moving contact is disposed in the closed cavity.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the battery pack 103 includes a battery pack cavity 501, a battery 104, and a circuit breaker 105. The battery 104 and the circuit breaker 105 are disposed inside the battery pack cavity 501. The circuit breaker 105 includes a movable contact 502 and a sealed cavity 503, the sealed cavity 503 is disposed inside the battery pack cavity 501, and the movable contact 502 is disposed inside the sealed cavity 503.
The moving contact 502 may include a fixed contact, a moving contact, a contact spring, a moving magnetizer, a fixed magnetizer, a permanent magnet, a magnet frame, a movable seat, a toggle rod and the like, wherein the fixed contact is arranged in the base, the moving contact is connected with the moving magnetizer and the contact spring and can be installed in the movable seat, the movable seat is connected with the toggle rod and the iron core, and the iron core drives the toggle rod to enable the movable seat to toggle in the base, so that the moving contact is connected with and disconnected from the movable seat. Based on the structure, the breaker 105 can realize a shunt tripping function, and when the controller 401 gives a shunt tripping instruction, the breaker 105 can be driven to realize tripping so as to realize fault isolation.
In one embodiment, at least one set of moving and static contacts 502 is disposed inside the sealed cavity 503, and at least one set of moving and static contacts is fixed inside the sealed cavity 503, cables connected with the battery 104 can respectively pass through the threading holes of the sealed cavity 503, and sealing filling materials (such as foaming glue) are disposed between the cables and the threading holes. The battery 104 releases flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide when in failure, and the moving and static contacts 502 are arranged in an environment independent of the battery 104 to prevent the electric arc from detonating the flammable and explosive gases.
In one embodiment, the sealed cavity 503 may further include an arc extinguishing structure, where a plurality of arc extinguishing bars may be included, and the arc extinguishing bars may introduce the arc into the arc extinguishing bars from the fixed contact or the moving contact, so as to achieve the arc extinguishing purpose. An interlocking design is further adopted between the battery pack 103 and the circuit breaker 105, and when an operator operates the battery 104 in the battery pack 103, the circuit breaker 105 in the corresponding battery pack 103 is triggered to be disconnected, so that the operation without electrification is realized.
According to the energy storage device and the energy storage system, when the charging current or the discharging current of any battery in the battery cluster is higher than the set current threshold, at least one breaker in the battery cluster is disconnected, nonmetallic short-circuit fault protection can be achieved, the insulation detection circuit is matched, and when the insulation detection circuit reaches an insulation fault, the at least one breaker in the battery cluster is disconnected, so that battery short-circuit caused by double grounding faults is avoided. And because each circuit breaker can realize the disconnection of individual battery package to avoid when battery positive and negative pole wiring, the battery short circuit that installation or maintainer led to because of the maloperation and personnel touch high-voltage electricity by mistake, from this, connect also can adopt aluminium row or copper bar wiring to replace cable and high-level connector between the battery package with the reduce cost, guaranteed safety again the cost. And by matching with water immersion monitoring, the battery short circuit or safety accident caused by water immersion can be avoided. The short circuit delay function is adopted, and the current limiting protection characteristic of the cluster fuses is matched, so that the selective protection between the short circuit and the cluster fuses is easier to realize, the expansion of faults can be prevented, and all the circuit breakers can be prevented from being in a circuit breaking state.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.
Claims (12)
1. An energy storage device comprising at least one battery cluster, the battery cluster comprising a plurality of battery packs connected in series in sequence, at least one of the battery packs comprising a battery and a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being configured to:
and in response to the charging current or the discharging current of the battery being higher than a set current threshold, disconnecting the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack.
2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the circuit breaker is configured to:
in response to the positive electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster or the negative electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster being less than a set ground resistance threshold, disconnecting the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack; or alternatively
And responding to a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal output by the water immersion sensor, and disconnecting the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack or the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack.
3. The energy storage device of claim 1 or 2, comprising one cluster fuse through which one of the positive or negative poles of the battery cluster transmits charging or discharging current.
4. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the circuit breaker connects the battery positive pole with the battery pack positive pole, and the battery cluster negative pole is connected with the cluster fuse; or alternatively
The breaker is connected with the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the positive electrode of the battery cluster is connected with the cluster fuse.
5. The energy storage device of claim 4, wherein the energy storage device comprises a first cluster of switches and a second cluster of switches, wherein:
the circuit breaker is connected with the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the cluster fuse and the first cluster switch, and the positive electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the second cluster switch; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the circuit breaker is connected with the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the cluster fuse and the second cluster switch, and the negative electrode of the battery cluster transmits charging current or discharging current through the first cluster switch.
6. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the positive electrode of the first pack of the plurality of packs connected in series in turn is the positive electrode of the battery cluster, the negative electrode of the last pack is the negative electrode of the battery cluster, and the negative electrode of one pack is connected to the positive electrode of the other pack between two adjacent packs.
7. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the positive electrode of one of two adjacent battery packs of the plurality of battery packs connected in series in sequence and the negative electrode of the other battery pack are connected by at least one or more connecting mediums of copper bars, aluminum bars and screws.
8. The energy storage device of any of claims 1-7, wherein at least one of said circuit breakers in said at least one of said battery packs is opened in response to a charging current or a discharging current of any of said batteries in said at least one of said battery packs being above a set current threshold.
9. The energy storage device of any of claims 1-8, wherein the energy storage device comprises at least one of an insulation detection circuit, a water immersion sensor, or a current detection circuit, wherein:
the insulation detection circuit is used for detecting the positive electrode resistance to ground of the battery cluster and the negative electrode resistance to ground of the battery cluster;
the water immersion sensor is used for outputting a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal;
the current detection circuit is used for detecting the charging current or the discharging current of the battery.
10. The energy storage device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the energy storage device comprises a controller for:
controlling at least one breaker in the battery cluster to be opened in response to the positive electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster or the negative electrode ground resistance value of the battery cluster being smaller than a set ground resistance threshold; or alternatively
Responding to a water immersion current detection signal or a water immersion voltage detection signal output by a water immersion sensor, and opening at least one breaker in the battery cluster; or alternatively
And controlling at least one breaker in the battery cluster to open after the breaking delay in response to the charging current or the discharging current of any battery in the battery cluster being higher than a set current threshold.
11. The energy storage device of any of claims 1-10, wherein the battery pack comprises a battery pack cavity, the circuit breaker comprises a stationary contact and a closed cavity, the closed cavity is disposed in the battery pack cavity, and the stationary contact is disposed in the closed cavity.
12. An energy storage system, characterized in that, energy storage system includes converter, a cluster fuse and at least one battery cluster, the converter includes that the battery cluster connects positive end and battery cluster connects negative end, every the battery cluster is including a plurality of battery packs that establish ties in proper order, at least one the battery pack includes battery and circuit breaker, wherein:
the circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the connection between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the battery pack according to the charging current or the discharging current of at least one battery pack; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the circuit breaker is connected with the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the positive end of the battery cluster through one cluster fuse, the negative electrode of each battery cluster is connected with the negative end of the battery cluster, and the circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the connection between the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of the battery pack according to at least one charging current or discharging current of the battery pack.
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| CN202310120753.5A CN116247765A (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Energy storage device and energy storage system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117293955A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江启辰新能科技有限公司 | Energy storage direct current cutting system and energy storage direct current cutting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117293955A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江启辰新能科技有限公司 | Energy storage direct current cutting system and energy storage direct current cutting method |
| CN117293955B (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-06-04 | 浙江启辰新能科技有限公司 | Energy storage direct current cutting-off method |
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