CN116247499A - Distributed laser coherent synthesis system and method based on improved SPGD algorithm - Google Patents
Distributed laser coherent synthesis system and method based on improved SPGD algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of laser technology and application, and discloses a distributed laser coherent synthesis system and method based on an improved SPGD algorithm, which are used for solving the problem that high-speed phase locking is difficult to realize in a large-scale coherent synthesis system, and the operation mode is as follows: dividing the seed laser into n+1 beams, 1 beam being used as reference light, N beams being output laser light and dividing it into M groups; combining and collimating the output laser groups, wherein the transmitted light passing through the high-reflection mirror is used as detection laser; dividing reference light into M beams of sub-reference light, performing intensity modulation and optical path compensation, and respectively irradiating to the center of a photoelectric detector PD; the method comprises the steps that M PDs are used at a receiving end to respectively measure power in a barrel after sub-reference light interferes with different detection laser groups, and the power is used as an evaluation function of an SPGD algorithm; the phase modulator is continuously controlled by improving the SPGD algorithm module so that the phase of the output laser group and the phase of the sub-reference light tend to be consistent. The method can realize infinite expansion of the number of the synthesized lasers and has the advantages of high bandwidth and strong universality.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of laser coherent synthesis, in particular to a distributed laser coherent synthesis system and method based on an improved SPGD algorithm.
The background technology is as follows:
the output power of lasers is continually increasing to meet the demands of high power, high brightness laser sources, however, amplifying the output power of single fiber lasers presents challenging problems, such as thermal damage and non-linear effects, which limit the output power to tens of kilowatts. Thus, laser coherent combining technology, which can provide high power and high beam quality by combining only a plurality of laser units, has become a research hotspot. In a coherent synthesis system, dynamic phase noise is introduced by environmental dithering, thermal effect and other factors, so that the key of laser coherent synthesis is to realize accurate control of the phase of each path of laser, and the main technical means include heterodyne method, multi-dithering method, random parallel gradient algorithm, machine learning algorithm which is continuously emerging in recent years and the like. The SPGD algorithm is developed to be the most mature, the algorithm principle, the control logic and the system are simple in structure, the algorithm can be quickly converged without accurately measuring the phase of each path of laser, and the SPGD algorithm is widely applied to a laser coherent combining system at present. However, as the number of laser paths increases, the number of iterative steps required for the convergence of the SPGD algorithm increases exponentially, the corresponding phase control bandwidth decreases rapidly, and the efficiency is low, so that the method is difficult to apply to actual scenes. The improvement of the SPGD algorithm is an effective way for improving the convergence rate, but the performance improvement degree is limited, the real-time requirement of a large-scale laser coherent synthesis system is still difficult to meet, and the reasonable design of the coherent synthesis system and the search for a phase control method with high bandwidth become the key of the further development of the laser coherent synthesis technology.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a distributed laser coherent synthesis system and method based on an improved SPGD algorithm. The system and the method can effectively improve the control bandwidth and the phase closed-loop control precision aiming at strong noise in the ultra-large-scale coherent synthesis system, and have high expandability.
The scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on improved SPGD algorithm, the system is used for large-scale beam phase control of N number, N laser beams and corresponding phase controllers are divided into M groups to be distributed processed, the system device comprises N phase controllers, M high-reflection mirrors, M sub-reference beams of M beams, M PDs and an improved SPGD algorithm module capable of executing M tasks in parallel, and the specific implementation scheme comprises the following steps:
(S1) dividing seed laser into N+1 beams, wherein 1 beam is used as reference light, N beams are used as output laser, and the N beams of output laser and N phase controllers are simultaneously divided into M groups according to actual requirements of a system;
(S2) respectively combining the M output laser groups, taking the low-power transmitted light after passing through the M high-reflection mirrors as a detection laser group, taking the high-power reflected light as final output, and respectively performing angle adjustment on the M high-reflection mirrors so as to enable different laser groups to be directed to the same target surface center for collimation;
(S3) dividing the 1 beam of reference light into M beams of sub-reference light, respectively performing intensity modulation on the M beams of sub-reference light, performing optical path compensation according to system requirements, and then irradiating the M beams of sub-reference light to different PD centers;
(S4) respectively measuring the power in the barrel after interference of different detection laser groups and corresponding sub-reference light by using M PDs at a receiving end, and respectively inputting the power in the barrel into an improved SPGD algorithm module to serve as an evaluation function;
and (S5) respectively applying different random disturbance voltages and phase control voltages to the M groups of phase controllers by the improved SPGD algorithm module according to M evaluation function values input each time until the algorithm converges.
Preferably, in the step (S2), a variable random disturbance voltage amplitude is adopted, a functional relation between the amplitude and a system performance evaluation function value is determined, a fixed range is set for a variation range of the random disturbance voltage amplitude, and debugging and modification are not required when the variable range is applied to coherent combining systems with different paths.
Preferably, in step (S1), the N output lasers are grouped, and the number and arrangement of the lasers in each group can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific requirements of the system, and the grouping manner includes, but is not limited to, averaging and arbitrary dividing into M groups, and the arrangement manner includes, but is not limited to, triangle, square and regular hexagon.
Preferably, in step (S2), the transmittance and reflectance of the high-reflection mirror may be changed according to the requirement, the reflectance includes, but is not limited to, any value between 0.9 and 1, the reflection angle of the high-reflection mirror is adjusted by using M independent drivers, and the emission angles of different output laser groups are flexibly controlled to complete collimation, so that the emission direction of the detection laser group after being transmitted by the high-reflection mirror is unchanged.
Preferably, in step (S3), the phases of different sub-reference lights reaching the corresponding PDs are controlled by optical path compensation, and the optical path compensation is performed according to the practical use of the system, so as to control the phase difference between output laser groups reaching the target surface, where the optical path compensation includes but is not limited to the following three cases: (1) If the purpose of the coherent combining system is to directly output high-power laser, the phase difference between output laser groups when reaching the target surface is zero by carrying out optical path compensation on the sub-reference light; (2) If the coherent combining system is multiplexed into a laser communication system, optical path compensation is not required; (3) If the coherent combining system is multiplexed as a beam shaping system, the phase difference required for forming the target beam is provided when the output laser groups reach the target surface by performing optical path compensation on the sub-reference light.
Preferably, in step (S4), the system performance evaluation function includes, but is not limited to, the power in the barrel detected by the PD, the highest output power, the main lobe power and the pattern contrast of the far-field synthesized light spot, in step (S5), an improved SPGD algorithm with a variable amplitude random disturbance voltage adaptively changed according to the evaluation function value and a gain coefficient being operated in a segmenting manner is adopted, so as to further improve the convergence speed and convergence stability of the algorithm, and the improvement manner of the SPGD algorithm includes, but is not limited to, using an adaptive gain coefficient, a variable amplitude random disturbance voltage, segmenting the gain coefficient according to the evaluation function value, and any combination and superposition of the above improvement manners.
Preferably, in the process of continuously iterating the improved SPGD algorithm, due to the existence of the sub-reference light, the phases of the light beams in the output laser groups gradually tend to be consistent and simultaneously are also close to the phases of the sub-reference light, when the ratio of the power of the sub-reference light to the power of the detection laser is increased within a certain range, the speed of the detection laser phase approaching to the sub-reference light phase is also improved to a certain extent, and when the improved SPGD algorithm in M processing units reaches a convergence condition, the detection lasers in different groups and the corresponding sub-reference light have the same phase when reaching the corresponding PD center.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the distributed laser coherent combining system and the method based on the improved SPGD algorithm combine the improved SPGD algorithm with the distributed processing system, divide N beams of output laser and corresponding phase controllers into M groups for distributed processing according to the actual demands of the system, and distribute different sub-reference lights for the grouped laser groups to enable distributed units to jointly operate so as to jointly complete the system target, thereby solving the problem that the iteration steps required by the convergence of the SPGD algorithm can increase exponentially along with the increase of the laser path number so as to not meet the requirement of the large-scale coherent combining system on real-time performance.
2. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm can perform random grouping on the large-scale output laser and the corresponding phase controllers according to the actual demands of the system, the grouping mode is not limited to average distribution, different groups of laser arrays after grouping can also adopt different arrangement modes, the distributed structure theory can perform infinite expansion on the number of laser beams in the coherent combining system, and the coherent combining system of any scale can be combined and expanded only by reasonably increasing the number of sub-reference light, high-reflection mirrors and PD, so that the distributed laser coherent combining system has stronger compatibility.
3. The distributed laser coherent combining system and the method based on the improved SPGD algorithm adopt an independent driver to adjust the reflection angle of the high-reflection mirror, and control the emergent angles of different output laser groups so as to finish collimation, so that the system inclination control precision is higher, the structure is more flexible, the optical path compensation is carried out on the sub-reference light according to the actual requirement of the system so as to control the phase difference reaching the target surface among the output laser groups, the coherent combining system can be multiplexed into a laser communication system and a beam shaping system, the reflection directions of the high-reflection mirrors corresponding to different laser groups are aligned to different communication targets, the coherent combining system can be further multiplexed into a multi-point laser communication system, and the diversity of the system function is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a distributed laser coherent combining system common to any laser quantity of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a distributed laser coherent combining system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a distributed laser coherent combining system common to any laser number according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a block diagram of a distributed laser coherent combining system according to this embodiment, where the system is used for large-scale beam phase control with a number of 19×7, and the 133 output lasers and the corresponding phase controllers are distributed into 19 groups for distributed processing, and the system device includes 133 phase controllers, 19 high-reflection mirrors, 19 sub-reference beams, 19 PDs, and an improved SPGD algorithm module capable of executing 19 tasks in parallel, where the final object of the system control is the phase of each laser beam.
Referring to fig. 3, the distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm for this embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of:
(S1) dividing seed lasers into 134 beams, wherein 1 beam is used as reference light, 133 beams are used as output lasers, the 133 beams of output lasers and 133 phase controllers are simultaneously divided into 19 groups according to actual demands of a system, the grouping mode is average distribution, the number of each group of paths is 7, and the arrangement mode is regular hexagon;
(S2) respectively combining the 19 output laser groups, taking the low-power transmitted light after the 19 high-reflection laser groups pass through as a detection laser group, taking the high-power reflected light as final output, and performing angle adjustment on the 19 high-reflection laser groups so as to enable different laser groups to be directed to the same target surface, wherein the transmittance and the reflectance of the high-reflection laser groups can be changed according to requirements, in the sub-embodiment, the reflectance is set to be 0.99, 19 independent drivers are adopted to adjust the reflection angles of the high-reflection laser groups, and the emergent angles of different output laser groups are flexibly controlled so as to complete collimation, and the emergent directions of the detection laser groups after the transmission of the high-reflection laser groups are unchanged;
(S3) dividing 1 beam of reference light into 19 beams of sub-reference light, respectively carrying out intensity modulation and corresponding optical path compensation on M beams of sub-reference light, and then irradiating the sub-reference light to different PD centers, wherein sources of the reference light comprise, but are not limited to, beam division of seed laser and other independent laser sources, and modulating the power of the reference light according to different groups of output laser groups so that the ratio of the power of the sub-reference light to the power of detection laser is 3:1;
(S4) respectively measuring the power in the barrel after interference of different detection laser groups and corresponding sub-reference light by using 19 PDs at a receiving end, and respectively inputting the power in the barrel into an improved SPGD algorithm module to serve as an evaluation function;
and (S5) the improved SPGD algorithm module respectively applies different random disturbance voltages and phase control voltages to the 19 groups of phase controllers according to 19 evaluation function values input each time until the algorithm converges, wherein the improvement mode of the algorithm comprises the steps of changing the amplitude of the random disturbance voltage and segmenting the gain coefficient according to the evaluation function values.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the phases of different sub-reference lights reaching corresponding PDs are controlled by optical path compensation, and the optical path compensation is performed according to the practical use of the system, so as to control the phase difference between output laser groups reaching the target surface, where the optical path compensation includes but is not limited to the following three cases: (1) If the purpose of the coherent combining system is to directly output high-power laser, the phase difference between output laser groups when reaching the target surface is zero by carrying out optical path compensation on the sub-reference light; (2) If the coherent combining system is multiplexed into a laser communication system, optical path compensation is not required; (3) If the coherent combining system is multiplexed as a beam shaping system, the phase difference required for forming the target beam is provided when the output laser groups reach the target surface by performing optical path compensation on the sub-reference light.
In addition, in the process of continuously iterating the SPGD algorithm, due to the existence of sub-reference light, the phases of light beams in the output laser groups gradually tend to be consistent and simultaneously are also close to the phases of the sub-reference light, when the ratio of the power of the sub-reference light to the power of the detection laser is increased within a certain range, the speed of the detection laser phase approaching to the phase of the sub-reference light is also improved to a certain extent, and when the SPGD algorithm is improved in 19 processing units, the detection lasers in different groups and the corresponding sub-reference light reach the corresponding PD center and have the same phase.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather as various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which may be made therein without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The system is used for large-scale beam phase control with the number N, N lasers and corresponding phase controllers are divided into M groups for distributed processing, and a system device comprises N phase controllers, M high-reflection mirrors, M sub-reference beams, M PD (photo detector) and an improved SPGD (stochastic parallel gradient descent) algorithm module capable of executing M tasks in parallel.
2. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(S1) dividing seed laser into N+1 beams, wherein 1 beam is used as reference light, N beams are used as output laser, and the N beams of output laser and N phase controllers are simultaneously divided into M groups according to actual requirements of a system;
(S2) respectively combining the M output laser groups, taking the low-power transmitted light after passing through the M high-reflection mirrors as a detection laser group, taking the high-power reflected light as final output, and respectively performing angle adjustment on the M high-reflection mirrors so as to enable different laser groups to be directed to the same target surface center for collimation;
(S3) dividing the 1 beam of reference light into M beams of sub-reference light, respectively performing intensity modulation on the M beams of sub-reference light, performing optical path compensation according to system requirements, and then irradiating the M beams of sub-reference light to different PD centers;
(S4) respectively measuring the power in the barrel after interference of different detection laser groups and corresponding sub-reference light by using M PDs at a receiving end, and respectively inputting the power in the barrel into an improved SPGD algorithm module to serve as an evaluation function;
and (S5) respectively applying different random disturbance voltages and phase control voltages to the M groups of phase controllers by the improved SPGD algorithm module according to M evaluation function values input each time until the algorithm converges.
3. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: in step (S1), the N output lasers are grouped, and the number and arrangement of the lasers in each group can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific requirements of the system, and the grouping modes include, but are not limited to, averaging and arbitrary dividing into M groups, and the arrangement modes include, but are not limited to, triangle, square and regular hexagon.
4. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: in step (S2), the high-reflection mirrors with different transmittances and reflectances can be selected according to the requirements, the reflectances include but are not limited to any numerical value between 0.9 and 1, the reflection angles of the high-reflection mirrors are adjusted by using M independent drivers, the emergent angles of different output laser groups are flexibly controlled so as to complete collimation, and the emergent directions of the detection laser groups after being transmitted by the high-reflection mirrors are unchanged.
5. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: the sources of the reference light in step (S3) include, but are not limited to, beam splitting of the seed laser and another independent laser source, and the power of the reference light is modulated according to the output laser groups of different groups, so that the ratio of the power of the sub-reference light to the power of the detection laser is k:1, thereby improving the algorithm convergence speed, wherein K is any value not exceeding the number of the output lasers of the group.
6. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: in step (S3), the phases of different sub-reference lights reaching the corresponding PDs are controlled respectively through optical path compensation, and optical path compensation is performed according to the actual requirements of the system, so as to control the phase difference between output laser groups reaching the target surface, where the optical path compensation includes but is not limited to the following three cases:
(1) If the purpose of the coherent combining system is to directly output high-power laser, the phase difference between output laser groups when reaching the target surface is zero by carrying out optical path compensation on the sub-reference light;
(2) If the coherent combining system is multiplexed into a laser communication system, optical path compensation is not needed;
(3) If the coherent combining system is multiplexed into the beam shaping system, the optical path compensation is performed on the sub-reference light, so that the phase difference required for forming the target beam is provided when the output laser groups reach the target surface.
7. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: the system performance evaluation functions in step (S4) include, but are not limited to, the power in the bucket detected by the PD, the highest output power, the main lobe power, the composite beam quality factor, the pattern contrast of the far-field composite spot, and combinations of the above physical quantities.
8. The distributed laser coherent combining system and method based on the improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: in step (S5), an improved SPGD algorithm is used that adaptively varies the amplitude random disturbance voltage according to the evaluation function value and segments the gain factor, so as to further increase the convergence speed and convergence stability of the algorithm, where the improvement method of the SPGD algorithm includes, but is not limited to, using an adaptive gain factor, randomly perturbing the amplitude random disturbance voltage, segments the gain factor according to the evaluation function value, and any combination and superposition of the above improvement methods.
9. The improved SPGD algorithm according to claim 8, wherein: in the continuous iteration process of the improved SPGD algorithm, due to the existence of sub-reference light, the phases of light beams in the output laser groups gradually tend to be consistent and simultaneously approach to the phases of the sub-reference light, when the ratio of the power of the sub-reference light to the power of the detection laser is increased in a certain range, the speed of the detection laser phase approaching to the sub-reference light phase is also improved to a certain extent, namely, the convergence speed of the improved SPGD algorithm can be accelerated by reasonably modulating the intensity of the sub-reference light, when the improved SPGD algorithm in M processing units reaches the convergence condition, the detection laser phases in different groups and the corresponding sub-reference light have the same phases when reaching the corresponding PD centers, and the phases of the detection laser phases among different groups reaching the target surfaces can be the same or different according to the system requirements.
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| CN117856023A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-09 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Method and device for actively and coherently synthesizing multipath lasers based on improved SPGD algorithm |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117856023A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-09 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Method and device for actively and coherently synthesizing multipath lasers based on improved SPGD algorithm |
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