CN116245190A

CN116245190A - Ion trap device, quantum computation control method, and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN116245190A
Application number: CN202111490404.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈杨超; 邵文杰; 林毅恒; 杜江峰
Original assignee: University of Science and Technology of China USTC; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: University of Science and Technology of China USTC; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-08
Filing date: 2021-12-08
Publication date: 2023-06-09
Also published as: WO2023103786A1

Abstract

The application provides an ion trap device, a quantum computing control method and a storage medium. The ion trap device comprises an ion trapping module, a light beam output module, a time sequence control module and an ion detection module, wherein the ion trapping module is used for trapping calculated ions and auxiliary ions, the calculated ions are used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used for cooperatively cooling the calculated ions, and the transition wavelength of the calculated ions is different from that of the auxiliary ions; in the ion state reading process, the detection light is controlled to irradiate the calculated ions so as to induce the calculated ion radiation photons, and in the ion state reading process, the cooling light is controlled to irradiate the auxiliary ions so as to cooperatively cool the calculated ions.

Description

Ion trap device, quantum computation control method, and storage medium

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of quantum computing, in particular to an ion trap device, a quantum computing control method and a storage medium.

Background

The ion trap is an experimental device which utilizes an electromagnetic field to bind charged atoms (namely ions) and adopts means such as laser, microwave and the like to control the state of the charged atoms. Typically, the device includes electrodes that can generate a target electromagnetic field, a compatible ultra-high vacuum chamber, a laser, microwaves, an electronic control system, and an optical readout device, etc. The ion trap system has the advantages of long-range interaction, long coherence time and the like, so that the ion trap system is a good quantum computer alternative system.

The conventional process flow of ion trap quantum computation generally comprises processes of ion cooling, initial state preparation (namely initialization), (quantum) manipulation, state readout and the like, and a timing diagram is shown in fig. 1. The purpose of cooling the ions is to reduce thermal motion of the ions, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum manipulation. The purpose of the initialization is to prepare all ions to a specific state. And after the ion is manipulated of interest, scattered photons need to be measured to read out the ion state. In the state readout process in the existing quantum computing process, a fluorescent readout scheme is generally adopted, namely, a beam of laser resonating with ions irradiates the ions, when the ions are in a specific quantum state, photons of the ions are induced to radiate, and the number of the photons is collected through an imaging system to determine which quantum state the ions are in. Limited by the collection efficiency of the imaging system, the process of general state readout requires a long time (in the order of milliseconds). In addition, since scattered photons heat the ions, the ions need to be cooled again before the next sequence of operations. It can be seen that in the above described ion trap quantum computation timing, the state readout and cooling each take about 1 millisecond, which is also the longest part of the overall quantum computation timing, which greatly limits the operating speed of the ion trap quantum computer.

How to solve the above problems is a hot spot being studied by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an ion trap device, a quantum computing control method and a storage medium, which can effectively shorten the time consumption of quantum computing and improve the running speed of a quantum computer.

In a first aspect, an ion trap apparatus is provided, the apparatus including an ion trapping module, a beam output module, a timing control module, and an ion detection module, wherein the ion trapping module is configured to trap a calculated ion and an auxiliary ion, the calculated ion is configured to store and read quantum information, the auxiliary ion is configured to cooperatively cool the calculated ion, and a transition wavelength of the calculated ion is different from a transition wavelength of the auxiliary ion; the time sequence control module is used for controlling the light beam output module to irradiate detection light to the calculated ions to induce calculated ion radiation photons in the process of reading the ion state and controlling the light beam output module to irradiate cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions in the process of reading the ion state; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; the ion detection module is used for collecting photons emitted by the computing ions in the process of reading the ion states so as to determine the quantum states of the computing ions.

Alternatively, the above-described calculated ions and auxiliary ions are ions of two different elements. Illustratively, the calculated ions are ions of a hydrogen element (or a silicon element, or a phosphorus element, etc.), while the auxiliary ions are ions of a lithium element (or a magnesium element, or a calcium element, etc.).

Further, optionally, the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element. Illustratively, the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the hydrogen element, wherein the isotopes of the hydrogen element are protium (hydrogen 1, h), deuterium (hydrogen 2, heavy hydrogen, D) and tritium (hydrogen 3, super heavy hydrogen, T). As yet another example, the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of elemental silicon, wherein the isotopes of elemental silicon are silicon 28, silicon 29, and silicon 30.

The cooling light may be at least one of doppler cooling light, sideband cooling light, electromagnetic induction transparent (Electromagnetic Induced Transparency, EIT) cooling light, and the like.

In the embodiment of the application, in the process of reading out the ion state, the detection light is controlled to irradiate the calculated ion to induce the calculated ion radiation photon, and in the process of reading out the ion state, the cooling light is controlled to irradiate the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the calculated ion.

The time at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ions may be any time between the start time (inclusive) and the end time (exclusive) of the ion state readout process. Alternatively, when the time when the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is the start time of the ion state readout process, the time when the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be the time after the preset time when the auxiliary ion is irradiated, and the specific size of the preset time may be set according to the actual situation. For example, when the timing at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is the start timing of the ion state readout process, the timing at which the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be the end timing of the ion state readout process. For example, when the timing at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is any timing between the start timing (excluding) and the end timing (excluding) of the ion state readout process, the timing at which the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be a timing after the auxiliary ion is irradiated for a preset time. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method and the device can realize partial or complete overlapping of the ion state reading process and the ion cooling process, and can effectively shorten the quantum computation time.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the ion trap device further includes an ion manipulation module, and the ion manipulation module is configured to perform quantum manipulation on the computed ions; the time sequence control module is also used for controlling the ion control module to carry out quantum control on the calculated ions before the detection light is irradiated to the calculated ions by the control light beam output module.

In this embodiment, before performing state readout on the computing ions, quantum manipulation needs to be performed on the computing ions, in other words, a quantum manipulation process may be understood as a quantum computing process, and state readout may be understood as a result readout process of the quantum computing process.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to prepare the calculated ions to an initial state before quantum manipulation of the calculated ions.

In this embodiment of the present application, the initial state is a preset state, and a specific initial state may be set according to an actual situation. Initializing the computing ions to an initial state may be understood as a "zeroing" operation, after which the computing ions may be quantum-steered.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to apply cooling light to the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the calculated ion before the calculated ion is first prepared to the initial state.

In the embodiment of the application, the purpose of cooling the calculated ions is to reduce the thermal motion of the calculated ions, so that the fidelity of quantum manipulation is improved.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the ion trap device further includes a filter disposed before the ion detection module, the filter being configured to filter out at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and photons emitted by the auxiliary ions.

In the embodiment of the application, the filter is arranged to filter stray light, the reading signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum state is reduced, the detection precision of the ion detection module is effectively improved, and the accuracy of the result of quantum calculation is further ensured.

In one possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the computing ion and the auxiliary ion indistinguishable region are trapped together in the ion trapping module, and the ion trapping module may include an electromagnetic field for trapping the computing ion and the auxiliary ion at the same time.

In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the ion trapping module includes a calculation region and a cooling region, and the ion trapping module may include two electromagnetic fields, one being an electromagnetic field of the calculation region and the other being an electromagnetic field of the cooling region.

At this time, the time sequence control module is further used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in the calculation area before quantum control is carried out on the calculated ions; at this time, the ion trapping module can be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the cooling area, and the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are respectively trapped in the two areas, so that the crosstalk of the process of controlling the calculated ions to the auxiliary ions can be reduced. Or, at this time, the ion trapping module may be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the calculation region, and at this time, the process of manipulating the calculated ions may generate a certain interference on the auxiliary ions.

And/or the number of the groups of groups,

the time sequence control module is also used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling area before the auxiliary ions are cooperatively cooled. Wherein, whether before the first preparation of the calculated ion to the initial state, the auxiliary ion is cooled to achieve the cooperative cooling, or during the ion state readout, the auxiliary ion is cooled to achieve the cooperative cooling, in both cases, the ion trapping module can be controlled to trap the calculated ion and the auxiliary ion in the cooling region. Optionally, before the first preparation of the calculated ions to the initial state, after cooling the auxiliary ions in the cooling region to achieve the cooperative cooling of the calculated ions, the calculated ions will be moved to the calculation region for initialization, manipulation, etc.; after the manipulation of the calculated ions is completed, the calculated ions are moved to the cooling region to perform ion state readout and ion cooling processes in the cooling region.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control, during a first operation period, irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions, and control irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ions during a second operation period, and control the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after the control of the detection light to stop irradiating the calculated ions; the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second operation period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time (excluding) and the ending time (excluding) of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

It should be noted that, specific values of the first working period, the second working period, the first preset threshold value and the second preset threshold value may be set according to actual situations, and are not limited in particular. Wherein the first operating period is substantially less than the calculated excited state lifetime of the ion and the second operating period is comparable to or greater than the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion. Illustratively, the first operating time period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions differ by at least an order of magnitude. The second operating period is of the same order of magnitude as the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion.

In the ion state reading process, the detection light is controlled to irradiate the calculated ions in a first shorter working time period, and after the detection light stops irradiating the calculated ions, the ion detection module is controlled to start collecting photons emitted by the calculated ions, and the two processes of detection light irradiation and quantum state reading are distinguished in time, so that noise caused by the detection light to the quantum state reading process is avoided. In addition, in the process of reading the ion state, the cooling light is controlled to irradiate auxiliary ions in the second working period to realize cooperative cooling of calculated ions so as to realize partial or total overlapping of the two processes of reading the ion state and cooling, and therefore the time consumption of quantum calculation can be effectively shortened.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the light beam output module includes a first laser, a second laser, a first optical switch and a second optical switch, wherein the first laser is used for generating the probe light; the second laser is used for generating cooling light; the first optical switch is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculated ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module; the second optical switch is used for controlling the on/off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module.

In one possible structure of the beam output module, the first laser and the second laser may be used to generate the probe light and the cooling light, respectively, and the first optical switch and the second optical switch are correspondingly configured to control the output of the probe light and the cooling light, so that the timing control module can control whether the beam output module outputs the probe light and/or the cooling light.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the light beam output module includes a third laser, a first optical modulator, a second optical modulator, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch, wherein the third laser is configured to generate the first light beam; the first optical modulator is used for performing frequency shift processing on the first light beam to obtain detection light; the second optical modulator is used for performing frequency shift processing on the first light beam to obtain cooling light; the first optical switch is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculated ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module; the second optical switch is used for controlling the on/off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module.

In another possible structure of the beam output module, the first beam may be generated by a third laser, and the frequency shift processing may be performed by using the first optical modulator and the second optical modulator, respectively, to obtain the probe light and the cooling light. The first light beam may be, for example, a light beam having a wavelength close to that of the probe light and/or the cooling light. In the beam output module, the use quantity of lasers can be saved, and the quantum computing cost is reduced.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the light beam output module includes a fourth laser, a third optical modulator, a first optical switch and a second optical switch, wherein the fourth laser is used for generating the probe light or the cooling light; the third optical modulator is used for performing frequency shift processing on the detection light to obtain cooling light, or performing frequency shift processing on the cooling light to obtain detection light; the first optical switch is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculated ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module; the second optical switch is used for controlling the on/off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module.

In another possible structure of the light beam output module, the fourth laser is used for generating the detection light or the cooling light, then the third optical modulator is used for frequency shifting the detection light to obtain the cooling light, or the third optical modulator is used for frequency shifting the cooling light to obtain the detection light, so that the light beam output module can effectively save the number of the optical modulators, and further reduce the quantum computing cost.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the timing control module is further configured to control the first optical switch to be turned on during a first operation period, control the second optical switch to be turned on during a second operation period, and control the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the computing ions after the first optical switch is turned off; the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time and the ending time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

In this embodiment of the present application, when the light beam output module includes the first optical switch and the second optical switch, the timing control module controls the on-off of the first optical switch and the second optical switch according to the first working period and the second working period, and whether the ion detection module works, so as to distinguish the two processes of the detection light irradiation and the quantum state readout in time, thereby avoiding the noise caused by the detection light to the quantum state readout process.

In a second aspect, there is also provided a quantum computing control method, the method comprising the steps of: controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons in the ion state reading process, and controlling the irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions in the ion state reading process; the method comprises the steps that a computing ion and an auxiliary ion are trapped in a vacuum system, the computing ion is used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ion is used for cooperatively cooling the computing ion, and the transition wavelength of the computing ion is different from that of the auxiliary ion; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; during the ion state readout process, photons emitted by the computing ions are collected under control to determine the quantum state in which the computing ions are located.

In a possible embodiment of the second aspect, the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: the calculated ions are quantum-manipulated prior to controlling the irradiation of the probe light to the calculated ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: the computing ions are prepared to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the computing ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: before the calculated ions are first prepared to the initial state, the cooling light is controlled to be irradiated to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions are filtered out before collecting the photons emitted by the computing ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: trapping the calculated ions in a calculation region in a vacuum system before quantum manipulation of the calculated ions; and/or trapping the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in a cooled region of the vacuum system prior to the co-cooling of the auxiliary ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ion during the first operation period and controlling the irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ion during the second operation period, and controlling the collection of photons emitted by the calculated ion after the control of the detection light to stop irradiating the calculated ion; the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time and the ending time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

In a third aspect, a quantum computation control method is further provided, which is applied to a time sequence control module in an ion trap device, the ion trap device further comprises an ion trapping module, a beam output module and an ion detection module, the ion trapping module traps computing ions and auxiliary ions, the computing ions are used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used for cooperatively cooling the computing ions, and transition wavelengths of the computing ions are different from those of the auxiliary ions; the quantum computation control method comprises the following steps: during the ion state reading process, the control beam output module irradiates detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons, and during the ion state reading process, the control beam output module irradiates cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions; in the process of reading out the ion state, the ion detection module is controlled to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions so as to determine the quantum state of the calculated ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the calculation ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the ion trap device further includes an ion manipulation module, and the quantum computation control method further includes: before controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions, controlling the ion control module to perform quantum control on the calculated ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: the beam output module is controlled to prepare the calculated ions to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the calculated ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: the beam output module is controlled to irradiate cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions before the calculated ions are first prepared to an initial state.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the ion trap device further includes an optical filter disposed before the ion detection module, and the quantum computation control method further includes: at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions are filtered out by a filter before collecting photons emitted by the computing ions.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the quantum computation control method further includes: before quantum control is carried out on calculated ions, controlling an ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in a calculation area in the ion trapping module; and/or controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in a cooling region in the ion trapping module before the auxiliary ions are cooperatively cooled.

In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions during the first operation period and controlling the irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ions during the second operation period, and controlling the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after the control of the detection light to stop irradiating the calculated ions; the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time and the ending time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

In a fourth aspect, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that is executed by a processor to implement the quantum computation control method of the second aspect.

In a fifth aspect, there is also provided a computer program product containing instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the quantum computing control method of the second aspect.

The technical solutions provided in the second to fifth aspects of the present application may refer to the beneficial effects of the technical solutions of the first aspect, and are not described herein again.

Drawings

The drawings used in the embodiments of the present application are described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a prior art ion trap quantum computation;

fig. 2a and 2b are schematic structural diagrams of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3a is a schematic flow chart of a quantum computation control method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3b is a control sequence diagram of a calculated ion and an auxiliary ion provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3c is a diagram comparing the timing of FIG. 3b with the prior art timing;

FIG. 3d is a control sequence diagram of another calculated ion and auxiliary ion provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a control sequence diagram of an ion state readout and ion cooling process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7b is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8b is a control sequence diagram of one of the ion state readout and ion cooling processes of FIG. 8 a;

fig. 9a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9b is a timing diagram of FIG. 9 a;

fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a quantum computing control method according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. If there is a discrepancy, the meaning described in the present specification or the meaning obtained from the content described in the present specification is used. In addition, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the present application only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application.

For ease of understanding, the following description of some of the concepts related to the embodiments of the present application are given by way of example for reference. The following is described:

(1) Energy level

The Energy level theory is a theory that explains the motion orbitals of electrons outside the nucleus of an atom. It considers that electrons can only move on specific, discrete orbits, and the electrons on each orbit have discrete energies, the energy values being energy levels. In other words, in an atom, each defined energy state of an electron is called an energy level. The energy level may also be referred to as an "energy state".

(2) Ground state, excited state

The ground state is the state in which electrons in an atom move only at the energy level closest to the nucleus with the lowest energy under normal conditions, and this state of movement is called the ground state of the atom.

An excited state is an atom in which the electron accepting energy jumps from a low energy level to a higher energy level, which is called an excited state.

(3) Transition of

Transition, i.e. the process of a jump change in the state of the quantum mechanical system. The process of an atom's jump from a high (low) energy state to a low (high) energy state under irradiation of light to emit (absorb) a photon is typically a quantum transition. Even if not irradiated by light, the atoms in the excited state can transition to a lower energy state under the action of vacuum zero-field fluctuation to emit photons (spontaneous radiation). In addition to the radiation process, other scattering processes, decay processes, etc., are also quantum transitions. The wavelength of light that causes transition of an atom, an ion, or the like is referred to as a transition wavelength of an atom, an ion, or the like.

Quantum transitions are probabilistic processes, which are fundamental features of quantum regularity. Taking an atomic energy level transition as an example, it cannot be predicted at what time a transition occurs in an atom, some atomic transitions may occur earlier and some atomic transitions may occur later, so that the lifetime of the atom in an excited state is not uniform, but for a large number of atoms, the average lifetime of the excited state is determined, and can be experimentally measured and theoretically calculated.

(4) Quantum computation

The quantum computation is a novel computation mode for regulating and controlling the quantum information unit to calculate according to the quantum mechanics law. Compared with the traditional general computer, the theoretical model is a general turing machine; the theoretical model of the general quantum computer is a general turing machine which is re-interpreted by using the law of quantum mechanics. From the computational aspect, quantum computers can only solve the problems that traditional computers can solve, but from the computational efficiency, some known quantum algorithms can process problems faster than traditional general-purpose computers due to quantum mechanical superposition.

The quantum mechanical state superposition principle enables the state of the quantum information unit to be in a superposition state with multiple possibilities, so that quantum information processing has greater potential in efficiency compared with classical information processing. A 2-bit register in a general computer can store only one of 4 binary numbers (00, 01, 10, 11) at a time, while a 2-bit qubit (qubit) register in a quantum computer can store the superimposed state of these four states at the same time. With the increase of the number of the quantum bits, for n quantum bits, quantum information can be in superposition of 2 possible states, and the processing speed can be faster than that of a traditional computer by matching with the parallelism of quantum mechanical evolution.

(5) Quantum state

In quantum physics, a quantum state describes the state of an isolated system, including all information about the system. As explained by the wave function statistics of born, the result of measuring the system can be given as long as the information of the quantum state of the system is known. Quantum states include pure states and mixed states.

(6) Ion crystal

Crystals formed by bonding positive and negative ions or positive and negative ion groups in a certain proportion through ionic bonds are called ionic crystals.

(7) Synergistic cooling

The synergistic cooling (interaction cooling) is achieved by using laser-cooled atomic ions as charged "buffer gas". At least two different samples are captured simultaneously in the ion trap, one of which may be cooled directly by the laser and the remainder of which (or some of which) is finally cooled down by long range coulombic interactions between the samples.

Illustratively, two ions are bound simultaneously in an ion trap and form a one-dimensional long chain. One ion is cooled with a laser and the other is cooled by coulombic interaction. Because the two ions have different energy level structures, cooling the laser does not change the state of the other ion.

(8) Doppler cooling

Doppler cooling exploits the Doppler effect to select photons of a specific velocity and decelerate them through absorption, scattering processes. Illustratively, the technique is applicable to faster ions.

(9) Sideband cooling

In the sideband cooling technology, faster cooling is achieved by coherently manipulating the movement of ions.

(10) Electromagnetic induction transparent cooling

Electromagnetic wave induced transparency (Electromagnetically induced transparency, EIT), i.e. electromagnetic induced transparency cooling, is typically achieved by simultaneously irradiating two beams of light onto an atomic medium (e.g. a gas consisting of a large number of atoms) such that one of the beams of light is able to pass through the atomic medium while resonating with an atomic transition without absorption and reflection phenomena. While EIT cooling techniques exploit three-level system coherence to cool multiple motion patterns simultaneously.

The above exemplary description of the concepts may be applied in the following embodiments.

In the existing ion trap quantum computing time sequence, the two processes of ion state reading and ion cooling respectively occupy a part of time, so that the whole quantum computing time sequence is long, and the running speed of an ion trap quantum computer is greatly limited.

Aiming at the technical problems, the application provides an ion trap device and at least two ion calculation methods, wherein the time consumption of quantum calculation can be effectively shortened and the running speed of a quantum computer can be improved due to the fact that partial or total overlapping of an ion state reading process and an ion cooling process is realized.

The ion trap apparatus will be described in detail as follows:

referring to fig. 2a and 2b, fig. 2a and 2b are schematic structural diagrams of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the ion trap device includes an ion trapping module 206, a beam output module 205, a timing control module 204, and an ion detection module 201, where:

the ion trapping module 206 is used for trapping computing ions and auxiliary ions, the computing ions are used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used for cooperatively cooling the computing ions, coulomb interaction exists between the computing ions and the auxiliary ions, and a space structure comprising a one-dimensional long chain, a two-dimensional plane and the like can be spontaneously formed. The calculated ions are used as control bits, the auxiliary ions are used as auxiliary bits for cooling, and the transition wavelengths of the two ions are different due to different types of the two ions.

The timing control module 204 is used for controlling the beam output module 205 to irradiate the detection light 202 to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons in the process of reading the ion state, and controlling the beam output module 205 to irradiate the cooling light 203 to the auxiliary ions to cool the auxiliary ions in the process of reading the ion state, so as to cooperatively cool the calculated ions according to coulomb interaction; the wavelength of the probe light 202 is the calculated ion transition wavelength, and the wavelength of the cooling light 203 is the auxiliary ion transition wavelength.

The ion detection module 201 is configured to collect photons emitted by the computed ions during the readout of the ion states to determine the quantum states in which the computed ions are located. Since the transition wavelengths of the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are different, the read-out process has no crosstalk.

The cooling light may be at least one of doppler cooling light, sideband cooling light, EIT cooling light, and the like. Illustratively, the timing control module 204 is comprised of unit circuits such as a power control circuit, a power conversion circuit, a mechanical dialing timing circuit, a digital trigger, and the like.

In the embodiment of the application, in the process of reading out the ion state, the detection light is controlled to irradiate the calculated ion to induce the calculated ion radiation photon, and in the process of reading out the ion state, the cooling light is controlled to irradiate the auxiliary ion to cool the auxiliary ion to further cooperatively cool the calculated ion.

In some possible embodiments, referring to fig. 2b, the ion trap device further comprises a filter 207 arranged in front of the ion detection module 201, the filter 207 being adapted to filter out at least one of detection light, cooling light, photons emitted by the auxiliary ions.

In the present embodiment, the placement of the optical filter 207 before the ion detection module 201 should not be construed as simply being before and after the location, "before" is understood as being before the ion detection module 201 receives photons emitted by the computed ions. And a filter is arranged to filter stray light (such as at least one of detection light, cooling light and photons emitted by auxiliary ions), so that the reading signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum state is reduced, the detection precision of the ion detection module is effectively improved, and the accuracy of the result of quantum calculation is further ensured.

In some possible implementations, referring to fig. 2b, in this embodiment, the ion trap apparatus further includes an ion manipulation module, where the ion manipulation module is configured to perform quantum manipulation on the computed ions; the timing control module 204 is further configured to control the ion manipulation module to perform quantum manipulation on the calculated ions before the control beam output module 205 irradiates the detection light to the calculated ions.

Referring to fig. 3a, fig. 3a is a schematic flow chart of a quantum computation control method according to an embodiment of the present application; in this embodiment, before performing state readout (i.e., quantum state readout) on the computing ions, quantum manipulation is required on the computing ions, in other words, the quantum manipulation process may be understood as a quantum computing process, and the ion state readout process may be understood as a result readout process of the quantum computing process. Further, the quantum computing process may include at least one process, such as a process operation of addition or subtraction. Since the energy level structures of the calculated ion and the auxiliary ion are different, the auxiliary ion is not influenced by the operation of the calculated ion.

The ion manipulation module may be a microwave or a laser, for example. Therefore, when the laser manipulation means is adopted, the beam output module can be utilized to output ion manipulation light so as to perform quantum manipulation on the calculated ions. When the microwave control means is adopted, the ion control module is a microwave output module, which can be controlled by the timing control module 204 to output microwaves for quantum control on the calculated ions.

In some possible embodiments, the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to prepare the calculated ions to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the calculated ions.

Referring to fig. 3a, in the embodiment of the present application, before quantum manipulation of the computing ions, the computing ions need to be initialized, i.e. prepared to an initial state. The initial state (i.e., initial state) is a preset state, and a specific initial state can be set according to actual conditions. Initializing the computing ions to an initial state may be understood as a "zeroing" operation, after which the computing ions may continue to be quantum steered.

In some possible embodiments, the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to apply cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions prior to first preparing the calculated ions to the initial state.

Referring to fig. 3a, in the embodiment of the present application, before the computing ions are first prepared to the initial state, the computing ions need to be cooled, where the purpose of cooling the computing ions is to reduce thermal motion of the computing ions, thereby improving the fidelity of quantum manipulation.

Further described below, referring to fig. 3a, in the quantum computation process, the ion trapping module needs to be used to trap the computed ions and the auxiliary ions, that is, the ion trapping module may be used to prepare a mixed ion crystal composed of the computed ions and the auxiliary ions. Before starting quantum computation, the computing ions need to be cooled, in this embodiment, the auxiliary ions are cooled by using cooling light, and then the computing ions are cooperatively cooled by using coulomb interaction. Then, after initialization, quantum control, quantum state reading and cooperative cooling, one quantum calculation can be completed. After that, the cooling effect of the calculated ions may be checked, and when it is determined that the calculated ions have been cooled to the ground state, quantum computation may be performed at the next timing, in which the flows of initialization, quantum manipulation, quantum state readout, and cooperative cooling are repeated.

The time at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ions may be any time between the start time (inclusive) and the end time (exclusive) of the ion state reading process. The time when the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be a time after the preset time for irradiating the auxiliary ion, and the specific size of the preset time may be set according to the actual situation. As long as it is ensured that the sum of the time consumption of the ion state reading process and the irradiation time of the cooling light is shorter than the total time in the prior art in which the state reading and cooling processes are separately performed. Illustratively, this preset time is the time consuming of the ion state readout process.

Alternatively, when the timing at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is the start timing of the ion state readout process, the timing at which the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be the timing after the auxiliary ion is irradiated for a preset time. For example, when the timing at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is the start timing of the ion state readout process, the timing at which the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be the end timing of the ion state readout process. Illustratively, the starting time of the ion state readout process is the time when the detection light starts to irradiate the calculated ions, and referring to fig. 3b, fig. 3b is a control sequence diagram of the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions provided in the embodiment of the present application; wherein the working time of the cooling light and the detecting light are the same, thus, referring to fig. 3c, fig. 3c is a comparison diagram of the timing of fig. 3b and the timing of the prior art; compared with the prior art that the ion state reading and the ion cooling need to occupy two parts of time in a single operation process, by utilizing the quantum computation control method of the embodiment of the application, the ion state reading and the ion cooling are completed simultaneously in the original ion state reading process, so that the whole overlapping of the ion state reading process and the ion cooling process is realized, and the quantum computation time can be effectively shortened. Specifically, in the existing quantum computing timing, the cooling and detection processes are separated, and the time is 2 milliseconds. With the timing of fig. 3b, the ion cooling and ion state readout processes are combined, reducing the time consumption to less than 1 millisecond. For example, for a typical sequence of cooling and ion state readout that takes 1 millisecond, and manipulation that takes 100 microseconds, efficiency can be improved by about 48% using the timing of fig. 3 b.

In addition, alternatively, when the timing at which the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion is any timing between the start timing (not included) and the end timing (not included) of the ion state readout process, the timing at which the cooling light ends to irradiate the auxiliary ion may be a timing after the above-described preset time for irradiating the auxiliary ion. Referring to fig. 3d, fig. 3d is a control sequence diagram of another calculated ion and auxiliary ion provided in an embodiment of the present application; in fig. 3d, after the detection light starts to irradiate the calculated ion t time, the cooling light starts to irradiate the auxiliary ion. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method and the device can realize partial overlapping of the ion state reading process and the ion cooling process, and can effectively shorten the quantum computation time.

In some possible embodiments, the timing control module is further configured to control the probe light to irradiate the calculated ions during the first operation period, control the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions during the second operation period, and control the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after the control of the probe light to stop irradiating the calculated ions.

The starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second operation period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time (excluding) and the ending time (excluding) of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

It should be noted that, specific values of the first working period, the second working period, the first preset threshold value and the second preset threshold value may be set according to actual situations, and are not limited in particular. Wherein the first operating period is substantially less than the calculated excited state lifetime of the ion and the second operating period is comparable to or greater than the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion. Illustratively, the first operating time period differs from the calculated excited state lifetime of the ion by at least an order of magnitude; the second operating period is of the same order of magnitude as the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ion.

In addition, for the working time of the ion detection module to collect photons and determine the quantum state of the calculated ions, the working time can be set according to actual conditions. The sum of the first working time period and the working time of the ion detection module is the total time of the ion state reading process in the one-time quantum computing process.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a control sequence diagram of an ion state readout and ion cooling process provided in an embodiment of the present application; in fig. 4, the ion state readout and the ion cooling are taken as an example of a complete overlap, wherein the probe light and the cooling light start to operate simultaneously, and after the first period of time in which the probe light operates, the ion detection module is controlled to operate, and the cooling light and the ion detection module stop to operate simultaneously.

In some possible implementations, referring to fig. 5a, fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of the present application; the light beam output module 205 includes a first laser 501, a second laser 503, a first optical switch 502 and a second optical switch 504, where the first laser 501 is used to generate detection light, the second laser 503 is used to generate cooling light, and the first optical switch 502 is used to control the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculated ions according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 504 is used for controlling the on or off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. In addition, the first laser 501 may be further configured to generate ion manipulation light to perform ion manipulation on the computed ions under the control of the timing control module. Further, when the calculated ions need to be initialized, the first laser 501 may be further configured to generate an initialization light to be controlled by the timing control module to initialize the calculated ions. The detection light, the ion manipulation light and the initialization light are all aimed at calculating ions, so that the wavelengths of the three light rays are not different, but the difference is not large, and the detection light, the ion manipulation light and the initialization light can be realized by using the same laser, namely the first laser.

In one possible configuration of the beam output module, the first laser 501 and the second laser 503 may be used to generate the probe light and the cooling light, respectively, and accordingly, since the wavelengths of the probe light and the cooling light are different, the first optical switch 502 and the second optical switch 504 are respectively provided to control the output of the probe light and the cooling light, so that the timing control module 204 can control whether the beam output module 205 outputs the probe light and/or the cooling light.

Further, referring to fig. 5a and 5b, fig. 5b is a schematic view of a specific structure of an ion trap device according to an embodiment of the present application; wherein the filter 207 may be implemented with a filter 505 and the ion detection module 201 may be implemented with a photon detector 506. And the A ions in the ion crystal are calculated ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

In some possible implementations, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application; the beam output module 205 comprises a third laser 603, a first optical modulator 601, a second optical modulator 604, a first optical switch 602 and a second optical switch 605, wherein the third laser 603 is configured to generate a first beam; the first optical modulator 601 is configured to perform frequency shift processing on the first light beam to obtain a probe light; the second optical modulator 604 is configured to perform frequency shift processing on the first light beam to obtain cooled light; the first optical switch 602 is configured to control on or off of an optical path between the detection light and the calculation ion according to a control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 605 is used for controlling the on or off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. And the A ions in the ion crystal are calculated ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

In another possible configuration of the beam output module, the first beam may be generated by the third laser 603, and frequency shifted by the first optical modulator 601 and the second optical modulator 604, respectively, to obtain the probe light and the cooling light. The first light beam may be, for example, a light beam having a wavelength close to that of the probe light and/or the cooling light. In the beam output module, the use quantity of lasers can be saved, and the quantum computing cost is reduced.

Further, when the ions and the auxiliary ions are calculated to be different isotopes of the same element, since the transition wavelength difference of the two isotopes is usually in the order of hundred MHz to GHz, frequency shift can be achieved by the optical modulator, that is, the beam output module 205 shown in fig. 6 can be used to output the detection light and the cooling light. The difference between the transition wavelengths of the detection light and the cooling light is far greater than the energy level linewidth of the ion excited state, so that the crosstalk of the two isotope manipulation is not caused.

In some possible implementations, referring to fig. 7a, fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of the present application; the light beam output module 205 includes a fourth laser 703, a third optical modulator 701, a first optical switch 702, and a second optical switch 704, wherein the fourth laser 703 is configured to generate probe light; the third optical modulator 701 is configured to shift the frequency of the probe light to obtain cooled light; the first optical switch 702 is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculation ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 704 is used for controlling the on or off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. And the A ions in the ion crystal are calculated ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

In another possible structure of the light beam output module, the fourth laser is used for generating the detection light, and then the third optical modulator is used for frequency shifting the detection light to obtain the cooling light.

In some possible implementations, referring to fig. 7b, fig. 7b is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of the present application; the light beam output module 205 includes a fourth laser 703, a third optical modulator 701, a first optical switch 702, and a second optical switch 704, wherein the fourth laser 703 is configured to generate cooling light; the third optical modulator 701 is configured to shift the frequency of the cooling light to obtain a probe light; the first optical switch 702 is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculation ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204; the second optical switch 704 is used for controlling the on or off of the optical path between the cooling light and the auxiliary ion according to the control signal of the timing control module 204. And the A ions in the ion crystal are calculated ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

In another possible structure of the light beam output module, the fourth laser is used for generating cooling light, and then the third optical modulator is used for frequency shifting the cooling light to obtain detection light.

In some possible embodiments, taking fig. 8a as an example, the timing control module 204 is further configured to control the first optical switch 801 to be turned on during a first operation period, and control the second optical switch 802 to be turned on during a second operation period, and control the ion detection module (such as the photon detector 506) to collect photons emitted by the computed ions after the first optical switch 801 is turned off; the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time and the ending time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold. And the A ions in the ion crystal are calculated ions, and the B ions are auxiliary ions.

In this embodiment, when the beam output module includes the first optical switch and the second optical switch (as shown in fig. 5a, 5b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, etc.), the timing control module 204 controls on and off of the first optical switch and the second optical switch according to the first operating period and the second operating period, and whether the ion detection module works or not, so as to distinguish two processes of detection light irradiation and quantum state readout in time, thereby avoiding noise caused by the detection light to the quantum state readout process.

Further, with reference to fig. 8a and 8b, fig. 8b is a control sequence diagram of one of the ion state readout and ion cooling processes of fig. 8 a; in fig. 8B, the complete overlap of ion state readout and ion cooling is taken as an example, where at the beginning of the sequence a cooling light is applied to the B ions, cooling the whole ion chain by coulomb interaction of both ions a and B. The a ions are thereafter subjected to related quantum manipulation. The B ion is not influenced by the control of the A ion due to the different energy level structures of the two ions. When the A ions are read out, the cooling light B is turned on at the same time. A shorter pulse is generated by the time sequence control module to control the first optical switch, and the A ions are pumped to an excited state in a short time. The first optical switch rapidly turns off the detection light A, so that stray light caused by the detection light is further reduced. After a first period of detection light operation, control of the photon detector to operate is started, and the cooling light and the photon detector are simultaneously stopped.

In some possible embodiments, the computing ions and the auxiliary ions are not distinguished and are trapped together in the ion trapping module, which may include an electromagnetic field that traps both the computing ions and the auxiliary ions, for example.

In some possible implementations, referring to fig. 9a, fig. 9a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap device provided in an embodiment of the present application; the ion trapping module includes a calculation region and a cooling region, and the ion trapping module may include two electromagnetic fields, one of which is the electromagnetic field of the calculation region and the other of which is the electromagnetic field of the cooling region. And the ion A in the ion crystal is calculated ion, the ion B is auxiliary ion, and the ion A can be moved between the calculation area and the cooling area by regulating and controlling the electric field. At this time, the time sequence control module is further used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in the calculation area before quantum control is carried out on the calculated ions; at this time, can control the ion trapping module and trap auxiliary ion in the cooling region, with calculation ion and auxiliary ion trapping respectively in two regions, carry out the subregion with different kinds of ions and deposit can reduce the crosstalk of control calculation ion's process to auxiliary ion. Or, at this time, the ion trapping module may be controlled to trap the auxiliary ions in the calculation region, and at this time, the process of manipulating the calculated ions may generate a certain interference on the auxiliary ions. In addition, the time sequence control module is also used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in the calculation area before initializing the calculated ions so as to independently initialize the calculated ions.

And/or the number of the groups of groups,

the time sequence control module is also used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling area before the auxiliary ions are cooperatively cooled. Wherein, whether before the first preparation of the calculated ion to the initial state, the auxiliary ion is cooled to achieve the cooperative cooling, or during the ion state readout, the auxiliary ion is cooled to achieve the cooperative cooling, in both cases, the ion trapping module can be controlled to trap the calculated ion and the auxiliary ion in the cooling region. Alternatively, referring to fig. 9b, fig. 9b is a timing diagram of fig. 9 a; after cooling the auxiliary ions in the cooling region to achieve co-cooling of the calculated ions prior to first preparing the calculated ions to an initial state, the calculated ions are moved to the calculation region for initialization, manipulation, etc.; after the manipulation of the calculated ions is completed, the calculated ions are moved to the cooling region to perform ion state readout and ion cooling processes in the cooling region. And the calculated ions and auxiliary ions are stored in different areas, so that the crosstalk of the ion manipulation process to the auxiliary ions is further reduced.

Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a quantum computation control method according to an embodiment of the present application; the embodiment of the application provides a quantum computing control method, which comprises the following steps:

1001. Controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons in the ion state reading process, and controlling the irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions in the ion state reading process; the method comprises the steps that a computing ion and an auxiliary ion are trapped in a vacuum system, the computing ion is used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ion is used for cooperatively cooling the computing ion, and the transition wavelength of the computing ion is different from that of the auxiliary ion; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions;

1002. during the ion state readout process, photons emitted by the computing ions are collected under control to determine the quantum state in which the computing ions are located.

In some possible embodiments, the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises: the calculated ions are quantum-manipulated prior to controlling the irradiation of the probe light to the calculated ions.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises: the computing ions are prepared to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the computing ions.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises: before the calculated ions are first prepared to the initial state, the cooling light is controlled to be irradiated to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises: at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions are filtered out before collecting the photons emitted by the computing ions.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises:

trapping the calculated ions in a calculation region in a vacuum system before quantum manipulation of the calculated ions;

and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are trapped in a cooled region of the vacuum system prior to the synergistic cooling of the auxiliary ions.

In some possible embodiments, controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions during the first operation period and controlling the irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ions during the second operation period, and controlling the collection of photons emitted by the calculated ions after the control of the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions is stopped;

the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time and the ending time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working period and the calculated excited state lifetime of the ions is less than a first preset threshold, and the difference between the duration of the second working period and the excited state lifetime of the auxiliary ions is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold.

The detailed description and the beneficial effects of the quantum computing control method in the embodiments of the present application may refer to the related description of the embodiments of the ion trap device, and are not repeated.

In addition, the embodiment of the application also provides a quantum computing control method, which is applied to a time sequence control module in an ion trap device, wherein the ion trap device further comprises an ion trapping module, a light beam output module and an ion detection module, the ion trapping module traps computing ions and auxiliary ions, the computing ions are used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used for cooperatively cooling the computing ions, and the transition wavelength of the computing ions is different from the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions.

The quantum computation control method comprises the following steps:

during the ion state reading process, the control beam output module irradiates detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons, and during the ion state reading process, the control beam output module irradiates cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions;

in the process of reading out the ion state, the ion detection module is controlled to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions so as to determine the quantum state of the calculated ions.

In some possible embodiments, the ion trap apparatus further includes an ion manipulation module, and at this time, the quantum computing control method further includes: before controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions, controlling the ion control module to perform quantum control on the calculated ions.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises: the beam output module is controlled to prepare the calculated ions to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the calculated ions.

In some possible embodiments, the quantum computing control method further comprises: the beam output module is controlled to irradiate cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions before the calculated ions are first prepared to an initial state.

In some possible embodiments, the ion trap apparatus further includes an optical filter disposed before the ion detection module, and at this time, the quantum computing control method further includes: at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions are filtered out by a filter before collecting photons emitted by the computing ions.

before quantum control is carried out on calculated ions, controlling an ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in a calculation area in the ion trapping module;

and/or the number of the groups of groups,

before the auxiliary ions are cooperatively cooled, the ion trapping module is controlled to trap the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in a cooling area in the ion trapping module.

In some possible embodiments, controlling the probe light to irradiate the calculated ions during the first operating period and controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions during the second operating period, and controlling the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after the control probe light stops irradiating the calculated ions;

The quantum computing control method in the above method embodiment may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present application, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid State Disk (SSD)), etc. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present patent application.

In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "such as" are used to mean serving as examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete fashion.

Reference to "at least one" in embodiments herein means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c may represent: a. b, c, (a and b), (a and c), (b and c), or (a and b and c), wherein a, b, c may be single or plural. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: three cases of a alone, a and B together, and B alone, wherein A, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.

And, unless otherwise indicated, the use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., in the embodiments herein are used for distinguishing between multiple objects and not for defining a sequence, timing, priority, or importance of the multiple objects. For example, the first device and the second device are for ease of description only and are not meant to be a representation of differences in the structure, importance, etc. of the first device and the second device, and in some embodiments, the first device and the second device may also be the same device.

As used in the above embodiments, the term "when … …" may be interpreted to mean "if … …" or "after … …" or "in response to determination … …" or "in response to detection … …" depending on the context. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, to the form and details of construction and the arrangement of the preferred embodiments, and thus, any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of elements is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions of actual implementation, e.g., multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.

The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.

The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ion trap device is characterized by comprising an ion trapping module, a light beam output module, a time sequence control module and an ion detection module, wherein,

the ion trapping module is used for trapping calculated ions and auxiliary ions, the calculated ions are used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used for cooperatively cooling the calculated ions, and the transition wavelength of the calculated ions is different from that of the auxiliary ions;

the time sequence control module is used for controlling the light beam output module to irradiate detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons in the process of reading the ion state and controlling the light beam output module to irradiate cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions in the process of reading the ion state; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions;

The ion detection module is used for collecting photons emitted by the computing ions in the ion state reading process so as to determine the quantum state of the computing ions.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

the ion control module is used for carrying out quantum control on the calculated ions;

the time sequence control module is also used for controlling the ion manipulation module to carry out quantum manipulation on the calculated ions before controlling the light beam output module to irradiate the detection light to the calculated ions.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to prepare the calculated ions to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the calculated ions.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the timing control module is further configured to control the beam output module to irradiate the cooling light to the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the calculated ion prior to first preparing the calculated ion to an initial state.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the ion trapping module comprises a calculation region and a cooling region;

The time sequence control module is further used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in the calculation area before the quantum manipulation is carried out on the calculated ions;

and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the time sequence control module is further used for controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in the cooling area before the auxiliary ions are cooperatively cooled.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a filter disposed in front of the ion detection module, the filter configured to filter out at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and photons emitted by the auxiliary ions.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the beam output module comprises a first laser, a second laser, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch, wherein,

the first laser is used for generating the detection light;

the second laser is used for generating the cooling light;

the first optical switch is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the optical path between the detection light and the calculated ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module;

The second optical switch is used for controlling the on/off of the optical path from the cooling light to the auxiliary ions according to the control signal of the time sequence control module.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the beam output module comprises a third laser, a first optical modulator, a second optical modulator, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch, wherein,

the third laser is used for generating a first light beam;

the first optical modulator is used for performing frequency shift processing on the first light beam to obtain the detection light;

the second optical modulator is used for performing frequency shift processing on the first light beam to obtain the cooling light;

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the beam output module comprises a fourth laser, a third optical modulator, a first optical switch, and a second optical switch, wherein,

The fourth laser is used for generating the detection light or the cooling light;

the third optical modulator is configured to perform frequency shift processing on the detection light to obtain the cooling light, or perform frequency shift processing on the cooling light to obtain the detection light;

10. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein,

the time sequence control module is further used for controlling the first optical switch to be turned on in a first working time period, controlling the second optical switch to be turned on in a second working time period, and controlling the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after the first optical switch is turned off; wherein,

the starting time of the first working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process; the starting time of the second working time period is the starting time of the ion state reading process or any time between the starting time and the ending time of the ion state reading process; the difference between the duration of the first working time period and the excited state life of the calculated ions is smaller than a first preset threshold value, and the difference between the duration of the second working time period and the excited state life of the auxiliary ions is larger than or equal to a second preset threshold value.

11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein,

the time sequence control module is further used for controlling the detection light to irradiate the calculated ions in a first working time period, controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions in a second working time period, and controlling the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after controlling the detection light to stop irradiating the calculated ions; wherein,

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

13. A quantum computing control method, characterized by the steps of:

controlling the irradiation of detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons in the ion state reading process, and controlling the irradiation of cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions in the ion state reading process; the method comprises the steps that the calculation ion and the auxiliary ion are trapped in a vacuum system, the calculation ion is used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ion is used for cooperatively cooling the calculation ion, and the transition wavelength of the calculation ion is different from that of the auxiliary ion; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions;

during the ion state readout process, photons emitted by the computing ions are controlled to be collected to determine the quantum state in which the computing ions are located.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:

and carrying out quantum control on the calculated ions before controlling the probe light to irradiate the calculated ions.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:

The computing ions are prepared to an initial state prior to quantum manipulation of the computing ions.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:

controlling the cooling light to be irradiated to the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the calculated ion before the calculated ion is first prepared to an initial state.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:

trapping the computing ions in a computing region in the vacuum system prior to the quantum manipulation of the computing ions;

and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions are trapped in a cooling region in the vacuum system prior to the co-cooling of the auxiliary ions.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, further comprising:

at least one of the probe light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions are filtered out before collecting the photons emitted by the computing ions.

19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein,

controlling the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions in a first working period, controlling the irradiation of the cooling light to the auxiliary ions in a second working period, and controlling the collection of photons emitted by the calculated ions after the irradiation of the detection light to the calculated ions is stopped; wherein,

20. The method of any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the calculated ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

21. The quantum computation control method is characterized by being applied to a time sequence control module in an ion trap device, wherein the ion trap device further comprises an ion trapping module, a light beam output module and an ion detection module, wherein the ion trapping module is used for trapping computation ions and auxiliary ions, the computation ions are used for storing and reading quantum information, the auxiliary ions are used for cooperatively cooling the computation ions, and the transition wavelength of the computation ions is different from the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions;

The method comprises the following steps:

controlling the beam output module to irradiate detection light to the calculated ions to induce the calculated ion radiation photons in an ion state reading process, and controlling the beam output module to irradiate cooling light to the auxiliary ions to cooperatively cool the calculated ions in the ion state reading process; the wavelength of the detection light is the transition wavelength of the calculated ions, and the wavelength of the cooling light is the transition wavelength of the auxiliary ions;

and in the process of reading out the ion state, controlling the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions so as to determine the quantum state of the calculated ions.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the ion trap apparatus further comprises an ion manipulation module, the method further comprising:

and before controlling the probe light to irradiate the calculated ions, controlling the ion control module to perform quantum control on the calculated ions.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises:

and before quantum manipulation is performed on the calculated ions, controlling the light beam output module to prepare the calculated ions to an initial state.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises:

the beam output module is controlled to irradiate the cooling light to the auxiliary ion to cooperatively cool the calculated ion before the calculated ion is first prepared to an initial state.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the method further comprises:

before the quantum manipulation is carried out on the calculated ions, controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions in a calculating area in the ion trapping module;

and/or the number of the groups of groups,

and before the auxiliary ions are cooperatively cooled, controlling the ion trapping module to trap the calculated ions and the auxiliary ions in a cooling area in the ion trapping module.

26. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the ion trap apparatus further comprises an optical filter disposed before the ion detection module, the method further comprising:

at least one of the detection light, the cooling light, and the photons emitted by the auxiliary ions are filtered out with the filter before collecting the photons emitted by the computing ions.

27. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein,

controlling the detection light to irradiate the calculated ions in a first working period, controlling the cooling light to irradiate the auxiliary ions in a second working period, and controlling the ion detection module to collect photons emitted by the calculated ions after controlling the detection light to stop irradiating the calculated ions; wherein,

28. The method of any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the counter ion and the auxiliary ion are different isotopes of the same element.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that is executed by a processor to implement the quantum computation control method of any one of claims 13 to 20.