CN116240441A - High-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials are mixed according to atomic percent to obtain a metal particle mixture; vacuum smelting the metal particle mixture to obtain an ingot; then, after cold rolling the alloy at room temperature, excellent strength-plasticity combination can be obtained through a heat treatment process at a proper temperature; according to the invention, through a heat treatment process with proper temperature, not only is the grain size reduced to generate fine grain strengthening, but also the alloy is still kept in a bcc matrix due to solid solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening generated by alloy design and processing treatment, so that the plasticity of the alloy is greatly improved and meanwhile, the alloy still has good strength. The alloy of the invention has excellent room temperature mechanical propertyNb is made of 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 The refractory medium-entropy alloy has 470% to about 20% of total elongation at break, 11% to about 787MPa of yield strength and 15% to about 887MPa of tensile strength. Based on the characteristics, the alloy provided by the invention has great competitive advantage in high/medium entropy alloy of single-phase bcc, and has great engineering application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In 2004, the concept of high-entropy alloy is formally proposed, HEAs breaks through the design concept of a single principal element of the traditional alloy, and highlights the breakthrough new concept of forming a simple solid solution phase structure by utilizing the high mixed entropy effect. Through research and extensive experimentation of this concept, a wide variety of high entropy alloys have been discovered and explored, and specific relationships between material processing technology-microstructure-properties have been found. The high-entropy alloy forms a simple structure through reasonable component selection and preparation process screening, and has excellent performances such as high strength, high hardness, high plasticity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, so that the high-entropy alloy has wide application prospect.
Among the numerous HEAs systems currently available, refractory high/medium entropy alloys (bcc-RHEAs/RMAs) with a body-centered structure are of great interest due to their excellent high temperature properties. However, research shows that although the material has excellent mechanical properties at high temperature, the material has the problem of poor ductility at room temperature, and the material is invalid due to cracking under low strain. These drawbacks have become the bottleneck in the current industrial application of refractory high-entropy alloys as structural materials. This is also a difficulty faced by refractory high entropy alloys of many bcc structures. In the previous research, the research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the entropy alloy in the NbTaV system is still deficient. Therefore, how to improve the plasticity of the entropy alloy in the NbTaV system while maintaining good yield strength is a key problem that is currently urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy improves plasticity and maintains good yield strength, the invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, and aims at Nb 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 After cold rolling at room temperature, the intermediate-entropy alloy is subjected to quenching heat treatment, so that grains are effectively refined, dislocation reinforcement is generated, and solid solution reinforcement is generated through the design of alloy components, so that good matching of alloy plastic strength is realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy comprises, by atom%, 49-51% of Nb, 24-26% of Ta, 19-21% of V and 4-6% of Ti.
Preferably, the tensile strength of the NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy is greater than 850MPa, the yield strength is greater than 750MPa, and the total elongation at break is greater than 19%.
Preferably, the NbTaV-Ti refractory medium entropy alloy has a single-phase bcc structure.
A preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the raw materials according to atomic percent to obtain a metal particle mixture;
step 2, carrying out vacuum smelting on the metal particle mixture to obtain an ingot;
step 3, cold rolling the cast ingot, wherein the deformation is 45-55%;
and 4, quenching the ingot after cold rolling to obtain the NbTaV-Ti refractory medium entropy alloy with a single-phase bcc structure.
Preferably, the vacuum melting method in step 2 is as follows:
vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the smelting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is then carried out, the smelting induction current is 395-495A, electromagnetic stirring is adopted in the smelting process, remelting is repeated until the components are uniform, and finally, cast ingots are obtained through water cooling.
Preferably, the number of remelting is greater than 5.
Preferably, the quenching method is as follows:
and heating the cold-rolled cast ingot at 800-1200 ℃ for 5min to quench.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy, which is characterized in that after the designed NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy is subjected to room-temperature cold rolling, the high-strength and high-plasticity-strength combination can be obtained through a heat treatment process with proper temperature, wherein the high-strength and high-plasticity-toughness medium-entropy alloy is greatly increased compared with an as-cast state; typically, single phase bcc refractory high/medium entropy alloys exhibit the problem of poor ductility at room temperature due to the crystallographic characteristics of their bcc structure. In order to obtain a good plastic-strength bond, it is necessary to further increase its plasticity without affecting its strength. Through alloy composition design, cold rolling and exploration of heat treatment process, the invention discovers that the heat treatment process is carried out at proper temperature, and the material performance and the as-cast state are greatly improved. Further analysis of this revealed that heat treatment at a suitable temperature not only reduced the grain size but also increased the dislocation count compared to the as-cast state. Under the actions of fine grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening, the plasticity of the alloy is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the strength is also slightly increased. The alloy of the invention has excellent room temperature ductility, nb 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 The refractory medium-entropy alloy has 470% to about 20% of total elongation at break, 11% to about 787MPa of yield strength and 15% to about 887MPa of tensile strength. Based on the characteristics, the alloy provided by the invention has great competitive advantage in single-phase bcc refractory high/medium entropy alloy, and has great engineering application prospect.
The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, and the alloy can obtain excellent plasticity-strength matching after smelting, cold rolling and quenching.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a metallographic structure of an NbTaV-Ti-based medium entropy alloy of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the tensile properties of the NbTaV-Ti-based medium entropy alloy of the present invention under different heat treatment conditions;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the strength-plasticity ratio of the NbTaV-Ti-based medium/high entropy alloy of the present invention to other single phase bcc structures.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate but do not limit the invention.
The high strength and toughness NbTaV base entropy alloy includes Nb in 49-51 wt%, ta in 24-26 wt%, V in 19-21 wt% and Ti in 4-6 wt%.
The Nb, ta, V and Ti are all high-purity metal particles, and the purity is not lower than 99.95 percent.
A preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
and step 1, uniformly mixing 49-51% of Nb, 24-26% of Ta, 19-21% of V and 4-6% of Ti metal particles according to atomic percentage.
The weight of the raw materials is precisely 0.01g when the raw materials are weighed.
And 2, smelting the mixed metal particles obtained in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum arc smelting method to obtain alloy ingots.
Vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is pumped, furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, smelting induction current is 395-495A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, remelting is carried out repeatedly for 5 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally, cast ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 3, cold rolling the cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the deformation is controlled to be 45-55%;
and step 4, heating the ingot after cold rolling at 800-1200 ℃ for 5min for quenching heat treatment to obtain the NbTaV-Ti intermediate entropy alloy with the single-phase bcc structure.
Example 1
A preparation method of NbTaV-Ti refractory medium entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
and step 1, uniformly mixing 49% of Nb,26% of Ta,19% of V and 6% of Ti metal particles according to the atomic percentage.
Step 2, mixing metal particles, carrying out vacuum smelting, wherein the vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the smelting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, and then the vacuum is pumped, the furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, the smelting induction current is 395A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, and remelting is repeated for 5 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally, the ingot is obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 3, cold rolling the cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the deformation is controlled at 50%;
and step 4, heating the cold-rolled cast ingot at 1000 ℃ for 5min for quenching heat treatment to obtain the single-phase bcc alloy.
Nb 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 After the refractory medium-entropy alloy is subjected to the deformation heat treatment, the obtained structure is shown in fig. 1, the structure is a typical single-phase bcc structure, the average grain size is about 37 mu m, and the structure enables the alloy to have excellent plasticity and high strength. According to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard requirements, the mechanical properties of the alloy are measured as follows: tensile strength sigma UTS 887MPa, yield strength sigma y 787MPa, elongation at break ε T 20% of the alloy has excellent strong plasticity.
Example 2
A preparation method of NbTaV-Ti refractory medium entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
and 1, uniformly mixing 51% of Nb,25% of Ta,20% of V and 4% of Ti metal particles according to the atomic percentage.
Step 2, mixing metal particles, carrying out vacuum smelting, wherein the vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the smelting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, and then the vacuum is pumped, the furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, the smelting induction current is 395A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, and remelting is repeated for 5 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally, the ingot is obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 3, cold rolling the cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the deformation is controlled at 48%;
and step 4, heating the cold-rolled cast ingot at 900 ℃ for 5min for quenching heat treatment to obtain the single-phase bcc alloy.
According to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard requirements, the mechanical properties of the alloy are measured as follows: tensile strength sigma UTS 1015MPa of yield strength sigma y 864MPa, elongation at break ε T 17.5%, and the alloy has excellent strong plasticity.
Example 3
Nb (Nb) alloy 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 The preparation method of the refractory medium-entropy alloy comprises the following specific steps:
and 1, uniformly mixing 50% of Nb,24% of Ta,21% of V and 5% of Ti metal particles according to the atomic percentage.
Step 2, mixing metal particles, carrying out vacuum smelting, wherein the vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the smelting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, and then the vacuum is pumped, the furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, the smelting induction current is 445A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, and remelting is repeated for 6 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally, the ingot is obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 3, cold rolling the cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the deformation is controlled at 51%;
and step 4, heating the cold-rolled cast ingot at 1100 ℃ for 5min for quenching heat treatment to obtain the single-phase bcc alloy.
According to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard requirements, the mechanical properties of the alloy are measured as follows: tensile strength sigma UTS 868MPa, yield strength sigma y 697MPa, elongation at break ε T 15% of the alloy has excellent strong plasticity.
Comparative example 1
Nb (Nb) alloy 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 The preparation method of the refractory medium-entropy alloy comprises the following specific steps:
and 1, uniformly mixing 50% of Nb,24% of Ta,21% of V and 5% of Ti metal particles according to the atomic percentage.
Step 2, mixing metal particles, carrying out vacuum melting, wherein the vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the melting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, and then the vacuum is pumped, the furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, the melting induction current is 445A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy melting process, and remelting is repeated for 6 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally alloy cast ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
the as-cast structure of the alloy, which was a single phase bcc alloy with an average grain size of 53 μm, was measured for grain size and mechanical properties were tested, as compared to example 1.
According to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard requirement, the measured mechanical properties of the alloy are shown as curve 3 in FIG. 2, and the tensile strength sigma UTS 774 yield strength sigma y 711MPa, elongation at break ε T 3.5%. Overall, the strength and elongation of the alloy of comparative example 1 were low compared to the example.
Comparative example 2
Nb (Nb) alloy 50 Ta 25 V 20 Ti 5 The preparation method of the refractory medium-entropy alloy comprises the following specific steps:
and 1, uniformly mixing 50% of Nb,24% of Ta,21% of V and 5% of Ti metal particles according to the atomic percentage.
Step 2, mixing metal particles, carrying out vacuum smelting, wherein the vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the smelting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, and then the vacuum is pumped, the furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, the smelting induction current is 445A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, and remelting is repeated for 6 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally, the ingot is obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
and 3, cold rolling the cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the deformation is controlled to be 51%, and the rolled alloy is obtained after cold rolling.
The grain size is measured for the rolled state structure of the alloy, and the mechanical property test is carried out. The alloy was a single phase bcc alloy with an average grain size of 26 μm, which was smaller than in example 1.
According to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard requirement, the measured mechanical properties of the alloy are shown as curve 3 in FIG. 2, and the tensile strength sigma UTS 1148 yield strength sigma y 1088MPa, elongation at break ε T 3%. Overall, the strength of the alloy of comparative example 2 was greatly improved compared to the example, but the elongation was severely slipped down.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the strength-plasticity comparison of the as-cast NbTaV-Ti based intermediate entropy alloy of comparative example 1, the rolled state of comparative example 2, and the rolled state of examples 1-3 and quenching heat treatment at 1000 ℃ for 5min, and the strength-plasticity comparison of other bcc refractory intermediate/high entropy alloys, wherein the NbTaV-Ti based intermediate entropy alloy has excellent plasticity-strength matching after quenching heat treatment at 1000 ℃ for 5 min.
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based intermediate entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, and designs a novel solid solution strengthening NbTaV-Ti intermediate entropy alloy, wherein the alloy can obtain excellent plasticity-strength matching after smelting, cold rolling and proper temperature quenching heat treatment. The high yield strength is due on the one hand to the addition of V elements of small atomic radius, resulting in severe lattice distortion producing strong solid solution strengthening. On the other hand, compared with the as-cast alloy, dislocation entanglement with high density is generated after cold rolling, the dislocation quantity is greatly increased, and the alloy is subjected to work hardening, so that the strength is improved. After quenching heat treatment, dislocation entanglement is resolved to some extent, the average grain size is reduced, the number of grains is increased, fine grain strengthening is generated, the material strength is improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity of the material is obviously improved. Based on the characteristics, the NbTaV-Ti series refractory medium-entropy alloy has excellent plasticity-strength matching. The Nb element selected in the alloy has good high-temperature stability, the Ta element improves the high-temperature creep and oxidation resistance, the V element has small size and light density, and is favorable for forming lattice distortion, and the Ti element improves the oxidation resistance, so that the NbTaV-Ti intermediate entropy alloy has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and great potential in other performance aspects, and has great engineering application prospect.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy is characterized by comprising, by atom percent, 49-51% of Nb, 24-26% of Ta, 19-21% of V and 4-6% of Ti.
2. The high strength and toughness NbTaV based entropy alloy of claim 1, wherein the NbTaV based entropy alloy has a tensile strength greater than 850MPa, a yield strength greater than 750MPa, and a total elongation at break greater than 19%.
3. The high strength and toughness NbTaV based medium entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein the NbTaV-Ti based refractory medium entropy alloy is of single phase bcc structure.
4. A method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
step 1, mixing the raw materials according to atomic percent to obtain a metal particle mixture;
step 2, carrying out vacuum smelting on the metal particle mixture to obtain an ingot;
step 3, cold rolling the cast ingot, wherein the deformation is 45-55%;
and 4, quenching the ingot after cold rolling to obtain the NbTaV-Ti refractory medium entropy alloy with a single-phase bcc structure.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy according to claim 4, wherein the vacuum melting method in the step 2 is as follows:
vacuum is firstly carried out to 5Pa in the smelting process, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is then carried out, the smelting induction current is 395-495A, electromagnetic stirring is adopted in the smelting process, remelting is repeated until the components are uniform, and finally, cast ingots are obtained through water cooling.
6. The method for preparing a high strength and toughness NbTaV-based medium entropy alloy according to claim 5, wherein the remelting time is more than 5 times.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness NbTaV-based medium-entropy alloy according to claim 4, wherein the quenching method is as follows:
and heating the cold-rolled cast ingot at 800-1200 ℃ for 5min to quench.
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CN104694808A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 北京科技大学 | High-entropy alloy with dispersion nano-sized precipitate strengthening effect and preparing method thereof |
CN105112759A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 太原理工大学 | High-temperature-resistant high-entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof |
CN108998715A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-14 | 北京理工大学 | Infusibility high entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof with large plastometric set ability |
CN112962010A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aluminum-rich high-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115109981A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-27 | 广州赛隆增材制造有限责任公司 | Oxide dispersion strengthened TaNbVTi refractory high-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104694808A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 北京科技大学 | High-entropy alloy with dispersion nano-sized precipitate strengthening effect and preparing method thereof |
CN105112759A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 太原理工大学 | High-temperature-resistant high-entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof |
CN108998715A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-14 | 北京理工大学 | Infusibility high entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof with large plastometric set ability |
CN112962010A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aluminum-rich high-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115109981A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-27 | 广州赛隆增材制造有限责任公司 | Oxide dispersion strengthened TaNbVTi refractory high-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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