CN116231705B - 20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module - Google Patents
20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920006926 PFC Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
- H02H7/1255—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to internal faults, e.g. by monitoring ripple in output voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a 20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-vehicle direct current charging module in the technical field of bidirectional charging and discharging, which comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power circuit and a DSP control circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bidirectional charging and discharging, in particular to a 20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module.
Background
The replacement of conventional energy automobiles with electric automobiles has become a necessary trend. The charging infrastructure requires a longer time to build. Meanwhile, the later-period operation work of the charging pile is also obstructing the development of the charging pile, and compared with the electric automobile industry of high-speed development, the problems of uneven distribution of charging pile facilities, unbalanced proportion of the charging pile and the like cause the current charging pile to be in a state of supply and demand obviously, which affects the popularization of the electric automobile to a certain extent.
The V2G (vehicle-to-grid) technology can realize bidirectional flow of energy between a power grid and an Electric Vehicle (EV), and an EV user can be an energy consumer or an energy provider. Under reasonable control, the application of the V2G technology can provide peak regulation, frequency modulation and voltage control, increase the consumption of intermittent renewable energy sources and maintain the safe and stable operation of the power system. One of the key technologies of the V2G technology is a high-performance bidirectional charge-discharge technology.
Silicon carbide (SiC) devices have a wider band gap, higher electron mobility and electron velocity than silicon Si (MOSFET), and thus can operate at higher frequencies and have higher withstand voltage properties. The on-resistance, blocking voltage and junction capacitance are also significantly better than the corresponding parameters of the Si MOSFET. The off-vehicle direct current charging module uses the SiC device, so that the advantages of high frequency, high temperature and high voltage of the off-vehicle direct current charging module can be exerted, and the power density of the off-vehicle charging module can be remarkably improved, the switching loss can be reduced, the thermal management can be improved by adopting the SiC MOSFET, so that the volume of the charging module can be reduced, and the overall efficiency can be improved.
At present, the problem of the most concerned of users on the electric automobile is the cruising and charging, the capacity of batteries used by the electric automobile is larger and larger, and the cruising problem is basically solved. The quick charging becomes a problem to be solved urgently, and the improvement of the charging voltage is a solving way. The invention designs a 20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-board direct current charging module to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an off-board direct current charging module of a bidirectional electric automobile so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the 20kW500V bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power supply circuit and a DSP control circuit;
when single-phase or three-phase power is input into the slow starting circuit in a forward direction, an input current voltage sampling circuit collects input voltage signals and transmits the input voltage signals to a DSP control circuit to judge whether the input is single-phase power or three-phase power, so that a relay in the slow starting circuit is controlled, the single/three-phase power is input into an input EMC circuit to be subjected to EMC treatment, then the single/three-phase power is input into a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the three-phase power is rectified and boosted to direct current voltage required by a bidirectional CLLC circuit, four primary MOS in the bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance and voltage conversion and power transmission to a secondary through an isolation transformer, and four secondary MOS are subjected to synchronous rectification control, and alternating current square wave signals are subjected to rectification direct current and are filtered by an output filter circuit to output smooth direct current;
when 200-500V direct current is reversely input into an output filter circuit, and meanwhile, a DSP control circuit receives a reverse output command, four MOS in a bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance, voltage conversion and power transmission are performed through the primary of an isolation transformer phase, the four MOS in the primary is subjected to synchronous rectification control, an alternating current square wave signal is subjected to direct current rectification, the alternating current square wave signal is converted into an alternating current sine wave signal through a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the alternating current sine wave signal is filtered through an input EMC circuit, and the DSP control circuit controls a relay in a slow starting circuit to switch single/three-phase alternating current output according to whether single-phase or three-phase alternating current is received;
in the process of outputting in the direction, the DSP control circuit needs to detect current and voltage signals in real time through the input current and voltage sampling circuit and the output current and voltage sampling circuit so as to control the state of reverse output;
the auxiliary power circuit provides stable power sources with various voltages for electronic components in the whole charging module;
the charging module filters and smoothes the direct current square waves of the two paths of parallel connection output by the CLLC, and then eliminates common-mode interference through an output EMC circuit consisting of a common-mode inductor L1, capacitors C5, C6 and C7 and Y capacitors Cy1, cy2, cy3 and Cy4, so that the anti-interference performance of the charging module is enhanced, and the charging module also plays a role in reducing input interference when being used as an input EMC circuit in reverse input.
Preferably, in the slow start circuit, three-phase input is a three-phase four-wire system, namely L1, L2, L3 and N wires, the DSP control circuit interprets signals of the input current and voltage sampling circuit as three-phase input, a relay switch is connected in series to the input of the L1, L2 and L3 wires, a PTC resistor is arranged at the load end of the relay switch, when alternating current is just inserted, the relay is in an open state, the capacitor voltage on the bus is 0, current pre-charges the capacitor through the PTC resistor, so that the whole system is slowly started, when the capacitor is full, namely, the slow start is finished, the relay is closed to enable the PTC short circuit, the circuit enters a normal working state, if the load end is abnormal, namely, the circuit works when the relay is not closed, a large current passes through the PTC resistor, the PTC power consumption enables the temperature of the PTC resistor to rise, and the impedance of the PTC resistor rises accordingly, so that the circuit is turned off.
Preferably, the DSP control circuit judges the input current and voltage sampling circuit signal to be three-phase input, then controls the relays K1, K2 and K3 to be closed, K4 and K5 to be opened, three-phase alternating current is input to the input EMC circuit, the two-stage pi-type filtering is adopted in the circuit, EMC interference of the charging module can be effectively reduced, when single input is single-phase electricity, the DSP control circuit controls the relays K1, K4 and K5 to be closed, K2 and K3 to be opened, the live wire of alternating current is input to the loop of the three-phase six switch through the L1 and L2 to realize two-interlace input, the zero wire is input to the loop of the three-phase six switch through the K5 to jointly form the two-interlace totem-pole single-phase PFC architecture, and the charging module can realize two-way compatibility of single/three-phase input and output.
Preferably, in the three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, two 10kW three-phase six-switch PFCs are adopted for parallel output, and when the voltages Uab at two points of vinv_a and vinv_b are positive: q4 and Q5 are switched on, and Uab stores energy for the inductor L1 at the moment; and then Q4 and Q5 are closed, the stored energy in the inductor L1 is released to a load, and the voltage of the load cannot be reversely fed to Uab due to the reverse clamping action of Q1, so that the boosting action is realized, the PFC working mode is a BOOST mode, when the PFC working mode is a three-phase mode, the switching states of the six switching tubes can be adjusted through an SVPWM modulation technology to realize the adjustment of input current, and when the PFC working mode is a single-phase mode, the SPWM modulation technology can be used to realize the adjustment of input current.
Preferably, the charging module adopts a full-bridge LLC topology, two ends of a primary stage of the transformer are in a symmetrical structure, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole primary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, the frequency of the whole primary LLC loop is controlled by the secondary four MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, otherwise, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the secondary four switching MOS transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, and the bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts comprehensive control strategy schemes such as PFM control, phase-shifting control and BOOST control according to different output states, so as to achieve an optimal system output state.
20kW1000V two-way single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module, its characterized in that: the system comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power circuit and a DSP control circuit;
when single-phase or three-phase power is input into the slow starting circuit in a forward direction, an input current voltage sampling circuit collects input voltage signals and transmits the input voltage signals to a DSP control circuit to judge whether the input is single-phase power or three-phase power, so that a relay in the slow starting circuit is controlled, the single/three-phase power is input into an input EMC circuit to be subjected to EMC treatment, then the single/three-phase power is input into a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the three-phase power is rectified and boosted to direct current voltage required by a bidirectional CLLC circuit, four primary MOS in the bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance and voltage conversion and power transmission to a secondary through an isolation transformer, and four secondary MOS are subjected to synchronous rectification control, and alternating current square wave signals are subjected to rectification direct current and are filtered by an output filter circuit to output smooth direct current;
when 200-1000V direct current is reversely input into an output filter circuit, and meanwhile, a DSP control circuit receives a reverse output command, four MOS in a bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance, voltage conversion and power transmission are performed through the primary of an isolation transformer phase, the four MOS in the primary is subjected to synchronous rectification control, an alternating current square wave signal is subjected to direct current rectification, the alternating current square wave signal is converted into an alternating current sine wave signal through a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the alternating current sine wave signal is filtered through an input EMC circuit, and the DSP control circuit controls a relay in a slow starting circuit to switch single/three-phase alternating current output according to whether single-phase or three-phase alternating current is received;
in the process of outputting in the direction, the DSP control circuit needs to detect current and voltage signals in real time through the input current and voltage sampling circuit and the output current and voltage sampling circuit so as to control the state of reverse output;
the auxiliary power circuit provides stable power sources with various voltages for electronic components in the whole charging module;
the charging module controls two paths of output of the bidirectional CLLC circuit through 3 relays K1, K2 and K3, and when the output voltage is less than 500V, the relays K1 and K2 are closed, the relays K3 are opened, and the two paths of output are connected in parallel; when the output voltage is more than 500V, the relay K3 is closed, the K1 and the K2 are opened, the two paths of the input signals are output in series, and then the common-mode interference is eliminated through an output EMC circuit consisting of the common-mode inductor L1, the capacitors C5, C6 and C7 and the Y capacitors Cy1, cy2, cy3 and Cy4, so that the anti-interference performance of the charging module is enhanced, and the input signal is used as an input EMC circuit to reduce the input interference during the reverse input.
Preferably, in the slow start circuit, three-phase input is a three-phase four-wire system, namely L1, L2, L3 and N wires, the DSP control circuit interprets signals of the input current and voltage sampling circuit as three-phase input, a relay switch is connected in series to the input of the L1, L2 and L3 wires, a PTC resistor is arranged at the load end of the relay switch, when alternating current is just inserted, the relay is in an open state, the capacitor voltage on the bus is 0, current pre-charges the capacitor through the PTC resistor, so that the whole system is slowly started, when the capacitor is full, namely, the slow start is finished, the relay is closed to enable the PTC short circuit, the circuit enters a normal working state, if the load end is abnormal, namely, the circuit works when the relay is not closed, a large current passes through the PTC resistor, the PTC power consumption enables the temperature of the PTC resistor to rise, and the impedance of the PTC resistor rises accordingly, so that the circuit is turned off.
Preferably, the DSP control circuit judges the input current and voltage sampling circuit signal to be three-phase input, then controls the relays K1, K2 and K3 to be closed, K4 and K5 to be opened, three-phase alternating current is input to the input EMC circuit, the two-stage pi-type filtering is adopted in the circuit, EMC interference of the charging module can be effectively reduced, when single input is single-phase electricity, the DSP control circuit controls the relays K1, K4 and K5 to be closed, K2 and K3 to be opened, the live wire of alternating current is input to the loop of the three-phase six switch through the L1 and L2 to realize two-interlace input, the zero wire is input to the loop of the three-phase six switch through the K5 to jointly form the two-interlace totem-pole single-phase PFC architecture, and the charging module can realize two-way compatibility of single/three-phase input and output.
Preferably, in the three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, two 10kW three-phase six-switch PFCs are adopted for parallel output, and when the voltages Uab at two points of vinv_a and vinv_b are positive: q4 and Q5 are switched on, and Uab stores energy for the inductor L1 at the moment; and then Q4 and Q5 are closed, the stored energy in the inductor L1 is released to a load, and the voltage of the load cannot be reversely fed to Uab due to the reverse clamping action of Q1, so that the boosting action is realized, the PFC working mode is a BOOST mode, when the PFC working mode is a three-phase mode, the switching states of the six switching tubes can be adjusted through an SVPWM modulation technology to realize the adjustment of input current, and when the PFC working mode is a single-phase mode, the SPWM modulation technology can be used to realize the adjustment of input current.
Preferably, the charging module adopts a full-bridge LLC topology, two ends of a primary stage of the transformer are in a symmetrical structure, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole primary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, the frequency of the whole primary LLC loop is controlled by the secondary four MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, otherwise, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the secondary four switching MOS transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, and the bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts comprehensive control strategy schemes such as PFM control, phase-shifting control and BOOST control according to different output states, so as to achieve an optimal system output state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an off-vehicle direct current charging module of a bidirectional electric vehicle in a wide voltage range of 20kW200-500V and 20kW200-1000V, which can realize bidirectional charging and discharging with high efficiency and high stability by arranging an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power circuit and a DSP control circuit.
By arranging the slow start circuit, if the load end is abnormal, the PTC power consumption increases the temperature of the PTC power consumption, and the impedance of the PTC power consumption is increased accordingly, so that the PTC power consumption plays a role of turning off the circuit.
By arranging the DSP control circuit, the EMC interference of the charging module is effectively reduced, and the two staggered totem pole single-phase PFC architecture is formed. Thus, the charging module can realize the bidirectional compatibility of single/three-phase input and output.
In the bidirectional CLLC circuit, comprehensive control strategy schemes such as PFM control, phase shift control, BOOST control and the like are adopted to achieve the optimal system output state.
The EMC circuit eliminates common mode interference and enhances the anti-interference performance of the charging module.
The charging module can realize bidirectional compatible rapid charging and discharging of single/three-phase input and output.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board DC charging module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slow start circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an input EMC circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bi-directional CLLC circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 500V DC output filter circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an output filter circuit of 1000V dc according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the 20kW bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-board direct current charging module based on SiC comprises the following circuits, as shown in FIG. 1: the system comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power supply circuit and a DSP control circuit.
When single-phase or three-phase power is input into the slow starting circuit in the forward direction, the input current voltage sampling circuit collects input voltage signals and transmits the input voltage signals to the DSP control circuit to judge whether the input is single-phase power or three-phase power, so that a relay in the slow starting circuit is controlled, the single/three-phase power is input into the input EMC circuit to be subjected to EMC treatment, then the single/three-phase power is input into the three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the direct current voltage required by the bidirectional CLLC circuit is rectified and boosted, four primary MOS in the bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance and voltage conversion and power transmission to a secondary side through an isolation transformer, and the four secondary MOS are subjected to synchronous rectification control, so that alternating current square wave signals rectify direct current and output smooth direct current after being filtered by the output filter circuit.
When 200-500V direct current is reversely input into the output filter circuit, and meanwhile, the DSP control circuit receives a reverse output command, four MOS devices in the bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance, voltage conversion and power transmission are performed through the primary side of the isolation transformer, synchronous rectification control is performed on the four MOS devices in the primary side, an alternating current square wave signal is subjected to direct current rectification, the alternating current square wave signal is converted into an alternating current sine wave signal through the three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the alternating current sine wave signal is filtered through the input EMC circuit, and the DSP control circuit controls a relay in the slow starting circuit to switch single/three-phase alternating current output according to whether single-phase or three-phase alternating current is received. In the above-mentioned direction output process, the DSP control circuit needs to detect the current-voltage signal in real time through the input current-voltage sampling circuit and the output current-voltage sampling circuit to control the state of the reverse output.
The auxiliary power circuit provides stable power of various voltages for the electronic components in the whole charging module.
As shown in fig. 2, which shows a schematic diagram of a slow start circuit, three-phase input is three-phase four-wire system, namely L1, L2, L3 and N wires, respectively, and a DSP control circuit interprets signals from an input current voltage sampling circuit as three-phase input, and a relay switch is connected in series with the three wire inputs of L1, L2 and L3, and a PTC resistor is connected in parallel with the load end of the relay switch. Since PTC exhibits a positive temperature characteristic, i.e., when the temperature rises, its own resistance value gradually increases. When the alternating current is just inserted, the relay is in an off state, the voltage of the capacitor on the bus is 0, the capacitor is precharged by the current through the PTC resistor, the whole system is started slowly, when the capacitor is full, namely the slow starting is completed, the relay is closed, the PTC is short-circuited, and the circuit enters a normal working state. If the load end is abnormal, namely the relay works when not being closed, a large current flows through the PTC resistor, the PTC power consumption increases the temperature of the PTC resistor, and the impedance of the PTC resistor is increased accordingly, so that the PTC resistor plays a role in turning off a circuit.
The DSP control circuit interprets the input current and voltage sampling circuit signals into three-phase input, then the control relays K1, K2 and K3 are closed, the control relays K4 and K5 are opened, three-phase alternating current is input into the input EMC circuit shown in FIG. 3, and the circuit adopts two-stage pi-type filtering, so that EMC interference of the charging module can be effectively reduced. When the single input is single-phase electricity, the DSP control circuit controls the relays K1, K4 and K5 to be closed, the relays K2 and K3 to be opened, the live wire of the alternating current is input into the loop of the three-phase six-switch through the L1 and the L2 to realize two staggered inputs, and the zero wire is input into the loop of the three-phase six-switch through the K5 to jointly form the two staggered totem pole single-phase PFC architecture. Thus, the charging module can realize the bidirectional compatibility of single/three-phase input and output.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 20kW three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, and considering the whole space volume of the charging module, we split the circuit into two 10kW three-phase six-switch PFC parallel outputs, so that the volume of the PFC inductor can be reduced, and the thermal layout of the whole charging module can be optimized. When the two-point voltages Uab of Vinv_A and Vinv_B are positive: q4 and Q5 are switched on, and Uab stores energy for the inductor L1 at the moment; q4, Q5 are then turned off and the stored energy in inductor L1 is released to the load. Due to the reverse clamping action of Q1, the voltage of the load cannot be reversed towards Uab, thus achieving a boost action. The PFC operation mode is a BOOST mode. When the three-phase switching device works in a three-phase mode, the switching states of the six switching tubes can be adjusted through an SVPWM modulation technology, so that the input current can be adjusted. When operating in a single phase mode, the input current can be adjusted by SPWM modulation techniques.
As shown in fig. 5, the charging module adopts a full-bridge LLC topology, symmetrical structures are arranged at two ends of a primary stage of the transformer, and when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole primary LLC loop is controlled by controlling the frequency of the whole primary LLC loop through the switching frequency of the primary four switching MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and the secondary four MOS transistors are in a synchronous rectification mode. On the contrary, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the secondary four switching MOS transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8, and the frequency of the whole secondary LLC loop is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8, so that the primary four MOS transistors are in a synchronous rectification mode. The bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts comprehensive control strategy schemes such as PFM control, phase shift control, BOOST control and the like according to different output states so as to achieve the optimal system output state.
As shown in fig. 5, the charging module filters and smoothes two paths of parallel direct current square waves output by the CLLC, and then eliminates common-mode interference by an output EMC circuit composed of a common-mode inductor L1, capacitors C5, C6, C7 and Y capacitors Cy1, cy2, cy3 and Cy4, thereby enhancing the anti-interference performance of the charging module. It also functions as an input EMC circuit to reduce input disturbance at the time of reverse input.
According to another technical scheme, the 20kW1000V bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module is characterized in that: the power supply comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power supply circuit and a DSP control circuit.
In fig. 7, the charging module controls two paths of output of a bidirectional CLLC circuit through 3 relays K1, K2 and K3, and when the output voltage is less than 500V, the relays K1 and K2 are closed, the relays K3 are opened, and the two paths of output are connected in parallel; when the output voltage is more than 500V, the relay K3 is closed, the K1 and the K2 are opened, the two paths of the input signals are output in series, and then common-mode interference is eliminated through an output EMC circuit consisting of the common-mode inductor L1, the capacitors C5, C6 and C7 and the Y capacitors Cy1, cy2, cy3 and Cy4, so that the anti-interference performance of the charging module is enhanced. It also functions as an input EMC circuit to reduce input disturbance at the time of reverse input.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1.20kW 500V bidirectional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module, which is characterized in that: the system comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power circuit and a DSP control circuit;
when single-phase or three-phase power is input into the slow starting circuit in a forward direction, an input current voltage sampling circuit collects input voltage signals and transmits the input voltage signals to a DSP control circuit to judge whether the input is single-phase power or three-phase power, so that a relay in the slow starting circuit is controlled, the single/three-phase power is input into an input EMC circuit to be subjected to EMC treatment, then the single/three-phase power is input into a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the three-phase power is rectified and boosted to direct current voltage required by a bidirectional CLLC circuit, four primary MOS in the bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance and voltage conversion and power transmission to a secondary through an isolation transformer, and four secondary MOS are subjected to synchronous rectification control, and alternating current square wave signals are subjected to rectification direct current and are filtered by an output filter circuit to output smooth direct current;
when 200-500V direct current is reversely input into an output filter circuit, and meanwhile, a DSP control circuit receives a reverse output command, four MOS in a bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance, voltage conversion and power transmission are performed to a primary side through an isolation transformer, the four MOS in the primary side is subjected to synchronous rectification control, an alternating current square wave signal is subjected to direct current rectification, the alternating current square wave signal is converted into an alternating current sine wave signal through a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the alternating current sine wave signal is filtered through an input EMC circuit, and the DSP control circuit controls a relay in a slow starting circuit to switch single/three-phase alternating current output according to whether single-phase or three-phase alternating current is received;
in the output process, the DSP control circuit needs to detect current and voltage signals in real time through the input current and voltage sampling circuit and the output current and voltage sampling circuit so as to control the forward and reverse output states;
the auxiliary power circuit provides stable power sources with various voltages for electronic components in the whole charging module;
the charging module filters and smoothes two paths of parallel direct current square waves output by the bidirectional CLLC circuit through a capacitor, and then eliminates common-mode interference through an output EMC circuit consisting of a common-mode inductor L1, capacitors C5, C6 and C7 and Y capacitors Cy1, cy2, cy3 and Cy4, so that the anti-interference performance of the charging module is enhanced, and the charging module also plays a role in reducing input interference when being used as an input EMC circuit during reverse input.
2. The 20kW500V bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 1, wherein: in the slow starting circuit, three-phase input is three-phase four-wire system, namely L1, L2, L3 and N wires respectively, a DSP control circuit judges signals of an input current voltage sampling circuit to be three-phase input, a relay switch is connected in series to the input of the L1, L2 and L3 wires, a PTC resistor is connected in parallel to the load end of the relay switch, when alternating current is just inserted, the relay is in an open state, at the moment, the capacitor voltage on a bus is 0, current pre-charges the capacitor through the PTC resistor, so that the whole system is slowly started, when the capacitor is full, namely, after the slow starting is completed, the relay is closed to enable the PTC short circuit, the circuit works in a normal working state, if the load end is abnormal, namely, when the relay is not closed, a large current passes through the PTC resistor, the PTC power consumption enables the temperature of the PTC resistor to rise, the self impedance of the PTC resistor rises, and therefore the effect of turning off the circuit is achieved.
3. The 20kW500V bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 1, wherein: the DSP control circuit judges signals of the input current and voltage sampling circuit to be three-phase input, then the relays K1, K2 and K3 are controlled to be closed, the relays K4 and K5 are opened, three-phase alternating current is input to the input EMC circuit, the input EMC circuit adopts two-stage pi-type filtering, EMC interference of a charging module can be effectively reduced, when single input is single-phase electricity, the DSP control circuit controls the relays K1, K4 and K5 to be closed, the relays K2 and K3 are opened, the live wires of the alternating current are input into a loop of the three-phase six switch through the L1 and L2 to achieve two-interlace input, the zero wires are input into the loop of the three-phase six switch through the K5 to jointly form a two-interlace totem-pole single-phase PFC architecture, and the charging module can achieve bidirectional compatibility of single/three-phase input and output.
4. The 20kW500V bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 1, wherein: in the three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, two 10kW three-phase six-switch PFC circuits are adopted for parallel output, and when two-point voltages Uab of Vinv_A and Vinv_B are positive: q4 and Q5 are switched on, and Uab stores energy for the inductor L1 at the moment; and then Q4 and Q5 are closed, the stored energy in the inductor L1 is released to a load, and the voltage of the load cannot be reversely fed to Uab due to the reverse clamping action of Q1, so that the boosting action is realized, the PFC working mode is a BOOST mode, when the PFC working mode is a three-phase mode, the switching states of the six switching tubes can be adjusted through an SVPWM modulation technology to realize the adjustment of input current, and when the PFC working mode is a single-phase mode, the SPWM modulation technology can be used to realize the adjustment of input current.
5. The 20kw500v bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 1, wherein: the bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts a full-bridge LLC topology, two ends of a primary stage of an isolation transformer are of a symmetrical structure, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole primary LLC circuit is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, the frequency of the whole primary LLC circuit is controlled by the secondary four MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, otherwise, when the left side is used as an output end, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC circuit is controlled by the frequency switched by the secondary four switching MOS transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC circuit is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, and the bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts a comprehensive control strategy scheme of PFM control, phase-shifting control and BOOST BOOST control according to different output states so as to achieve an optimal system output state.
6.20kW 1000V two-way single-phase/three-phase compatible electric automobile off-vehicle direct current charging module, its characterized in that: the system comprises an input EMC circuit, a slow start circuit, a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, a bidirectional CLLC circuit, an output filter circuit, an input current and voltage sampling circuit, an isolation driving circuit, an output current and voltage sampling current, an auxiliary power circuit and a DSP control circuit;
when single-phase or three-phase power is input into the slow starting circuit in a forward direction, an input current voltage sampling circuit collects input voltage signals and transmits the input voltage signals to a DSP control circuit to judge whether the input is single-phase power or three-phase power, so that a relay in the slow starting circuit is controlled, the single/three-phase power is input into an input EMC circuit to be subjected to EMC treatment, then the single/three-phase power is input into a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the three-phase power is rectified and boosted to direct current voltage required by a bidirectional CLLC circuit, four primary MOS in the bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance and voltage conversion and power transmission to a secondary through an isolation transformer, and four secondary MOS are subjected to synchronous rectification control, and alternating current square wave signals are subjected to rectification direct current and are filtered by an output filter circuit to output smooth direct current;
when 200-1000V direct current is reversely input into an output filter circuit, and meanwhile, a DSP control circuit receives a reverse output command, four MOS in a bidirectional CLLC circuit are subjected to full-bridge LLC resonance, voltage conversion and power transmission are performed to a primary side through an isolation transformer, the four MOS in the primary side is subjected to synchronous rectification control, an alternating current square wave signal is subjected to direct current rectification, the alternating current square wave signal is converted into an alternating current sine wave signal through a three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, the alternating current sine wave signal is filtered through an input EMC circuit, and the DSP control circuit controls a relay in a slow starting circuit to switch single/three-phase alternating current output according to whether single-phase or three-phase alternating current is received;
in the output process, the DSP control circuit needs to detect current and voltage signals in real time through the input current and voltage sampling circuit and the output current and voltage sampling circuit so as to control the forward and reverse output states;
the auxiliary power circuit provides stable power sources with various voltages for electronic components in the whole charging module;
the charging module controls two paths of output of the bidirectional CLLC circuit through 3 relays K1, K2 and K3, and when the output voltage is less than 500V, the relays K1 and K2 are closed, the relays K3 are opened, and the two paths of output are connected in parallel; when the output voltage is more than 500V, the relay K3 is closed, the K1 and the K2 are opened, the two paths of the input signals are output in series, and then the common-mode interference is eliminated through an output EMC circuit consisting of the common-mode inductor L1, the capacitors C5, C6 and C7 and the Y capacitors Cy1, cy2, cy3 and Cy4, so that the anti-interference performance of the charging module is enhanced, and the input signal is used as an input EMC circuit to reduce the input interference during the reverse input.
7. The 20kw1000v bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 6, wherein: in the slow starting circuit, three-phase input is three-phase four-wire system, namely L1, L2, L3 and N wires respectively, a DSP control circuit judges signals of an input current voltage sampling circuit to be three-phase input, a relay switch is connected in series to the input of the L1, L2 and L3 wires, a PTC resistor is connected in parallel to the load end of the relay switch, when alternating current is just inserted, the relay is in an open state, at the moment, the capacitor voltage on a bus is 0, current pre-charges the capacitor through the PTC resistor, so that the whole system is slowly started, when the capacitor is full, namely, after the slow starting is completed, the relay is closed to enable the PTC short circuit, the circuit works in a normal working state, if the load end is abnormal, namely, when the relay is not closed, a large current passes through the PTC resistor, the PTC power consumption enables the temperature of the PTC resistor to rise, the self impedance of the PTC resistor rises, and therefore the effect of turning off the circuit is achieved.
8. The 20kw1000v bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 6, wherein: the DSP control circuit judges signals of the input current and voltage sampling circuit to be three-phase input, then the relays K1, K2 and K3 are controlled to be closed, the relays K4 and K5 are opened, three-phase alternating current is input to the input EMC circuit, the input EMC circuit adopts two-stage pi-type filtering, EMC interference of a charging module can be effectively reduced, when single input is single-phase electricity, the DSP control circuit controls the relays K1, K4 and K5 to be closed, the relays K2 and K3 are opened, the live wires of the alternating current are input into a loop of the three-phase six switch through the L1 and L2 to achieve two-interlace input, the zero wires are input into the loop of the three-phase six switch through the K5 to jointly form a two-interlace totem-pole single-phase PFC architecture, and the charging module can achieve bidirectional compatibility of single/three-phase input and output.
9. The 20kw1000v bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 6, wherein: in the three-phase six-switch PFC circuit, two 10kW three-phase six-switch PFC circuits are adopted for parallel output, and when two-point voltages Uab of Vinv_A and Vinv_B are positive: q4 and Q5 are switched on, and Uab stores energy for the inductor L1 at the moment; and then Q4 and Q5 are closed, the stored energy in the inductor L1 is released to a load, and the voltage of the load cannot be reversely fed to Uab due to the reverse clamping action of Q1, so that the boosting action is realized, the PFC working mode is a BOOST mode, when the PFC working mode is a three-phase mode, the switching states of the six switching tubes can be adjusted through an SVPWM modulation technology to realize the adjustment of input current, and when the PFC working mode is a single-phase mode, the SPWM modulation technology can be used to realize the adjustment of input current.
10. The 20kW1000V bi-directional single-phase/three-phase compatible electric vehicle off-board dc charging module of claim 6, wherein: the bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts a full-bridge LLC topology, two ends of a primary stage of an isolation transformer are of a symmetrical structure, when the left side is used as an input end, the frequency of the whole primary LLC circuit is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, the frequency of the whole primary LLC circuit is controlled by the secondary four MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, otherwise, when the left side is used as the input end, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC circuit is controlled by the frequency switched by the secondary four switching MOS transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8, the frequency of the whole secondary LLC circuit is controlled by the frequency switched by the primary four switching MOS transistors in a synchronous rectification mode, and the bidirectional CLLC circuit adopts a comprehensive control strategy scheme of PFM control, phase-shifting control and BOOST BOOST control according to different output states so as to achieve an optimal system output state.
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