CN116231688A - Real-time control method of offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system - Google Patents

Real-time control method of offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system Download PDF

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CN116231688A
CN116231688A CN202210527294.8A CN202210527294A CN116231688A CN 116231688 A CN116231688 A CN 116231688A CN 202210527294 A CN202210527294 A CN 202210527294A CN 116231688 A CN116231688 A CN 116231688A
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wind power
power
energy storage
storage system
time
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CN116231688B (en
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陈雨薇
杨文斌
谢瑞
陈贤卿
常伟光
陈晴
杨强
王霄鹤
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Zhejiang University ZJU
PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corp Ltd
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Zhejiang University ZJU
PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corp Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/143—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1438—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Abstract

The invention provides a real-time control method of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system, which comprises the following steps that S1, original wind power is sent out of a wind power plant, a threshold value of grid-connected power of the original wind power is preset, and if the grid-connected power of the original wind power meets the threshold value, the original wind power is input into a power grid as grid-connected wind power; if the grid-connected power of the original wind power is not satisfied with the threshold value, the original wind power is used as energy storage wind power to enter an energy storage system; s2, respectively distributing the stored wind power to a storage battery and a super capacitor in the energy storage system according to a distribution instruction; and step S3, the energy-storage wind power is input into a power grid after passing through the energy storage system. According to the invention, the stored energy wind power is accurately and effectively distributed into the energy storage system through the distribution instruction, the energy management of the hybrid energy storage system is carried out, the power energy complementation characteristic of the storage battery and the super capacitor is fully exerted, and the long-term stable operation of the energy storage system is maintained. And the service lives of the storage battery and the super capacitor are prolonged.

Description

Real-time control method of offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power energy storage system control, in particular to a real-time control method of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system.
Background
The development of new energy in China faces important historic opportunities, and the construction of a novel power system mainly based on new energy becomes urgent requirement and has a development prospect in offshore wind power. The offshore wind power has the advantages of occupying no land resource, being not influenced by topography and topography, having higher wind speed, enriching wind energy resources, having larger single machine capacity of the wind turbine generator and having higher annual utilization hours.
And because the wind speed has the characteristics of large fluctuation, strong intermittence and high uncertainty degree, the output of the wind turbine generator is different from the output of the conventional thermal power generation, the output is stable and controllable, and the large-scale direct grid connection can increase the adjustment burden of a power system. With the continuous innovation of the high-capacity energy storage technology and the reduction of energy storage cost, wind-storage combined power generation is used for replacing the traditional wind power grid-connected operation, and the method has become a measure for effectively improving the wind power schedulability. The wind power output power fluctuation is stabilized by using the rapid charge and discharge capability of the energy storage system through configuring battery energy storage and super capacitor energy storage at the wind turbine generator or wind power plant side.
At present, the energy storage technology is in a diversified development stage, and in terms of performance and cost, no energy storage mode can take both aspects into consideration, so that the comprehensive effect is exerted. The energy storage system has the time migration capability of energy, and has the advantages of high charge and discharge response speed, high flexibility and high operability. Because no single energy storage technology can meet various indexes, the composite energy storage technology has certain economical efficiency in solving the problems of power voltage and the like in distributed power generation. The storage battery and the super capacitor have the complementarity in performance, so that the composite energy storage formed by the storage battery and the super capacitor has a great application prospect. When battery energy storage and super capacitor energy storage are used in a mixed mode, electricity with different powers cannot be distributed to the battery energy storage and the super capacitor energy storage accurately and effectively, and the service life of the battery is affected.
Therefore, the real-time control method of the offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system is researched, and a series of problems of wind power during grid connection, particularly the problem of real-time fluctuation stabilization of wind power, can be solved. The real-time control strategy and capacity optimization configuration of the energy storage system applied to wind power generation at present become research hot spots. The hybrid energy storage system formed by the battery and the super capacitor is complementary in power characteristic and energy characteristic, the stored wind power is accurately and effectively distributed into the energy storage system through a distribution instruction, the energy management of the hybrid energy storage system is carried out, the power energy complementary characteristic of the storage battery and the super capacitor is fully exerted, and the long-term stable operation of the energy storage system is maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a real-time control method of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system, which solves the problem that when storage batteries and super-capacitor energy storage are used in a hybrid mode, electricity with different powers cannot be accurately and effectively distributed to the battery energy storage and the super-capacitor energy storage, and the service life of the battery is influenced.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the method adopts the following technical scheme:
the real-time control method of the offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, generating original wind power for a wind power plant, presetting a threshold value of grid-connected power of the original wind power, and inputting the original wind power as grid-connected wind power into a power grid if the grid-connected power of the original wind power meets the threshold value; if the grid-connected power of the original wind power is not satisfied with the threshold value, the original wind power is used as energy storage wind power to enter an energy storage system;
s2, respectively distributing the stored wind power to a storage battery and a super capacitor in the energy storage system according to a distribution instruction;
s3, the energy-storage wind power is input into a power grid after passing through the energy storage system.
On the basis of adopting the technical scheme, the invention adopts or combines the following further technical scheme:
an alternating current bus is connected between the wind power plant and the power grid, the alternating current bus is connected with an energy storage system through a transformer, the wind power plant is connected with a controller, and the controller executes an allocation instruction to allocate the stored wind power to the storage battery and the super capacitor correspondingly;
the storage battery and the super capacitor are both connected with a DC/AC converter, and the DC/AC converter is also connected with an isolation transformer which is connected with the converter.
The threshold value is [ P ] olmin (t),P olmax (t)]Expressed as:
Figure BDA0003644856670000031
Figure BDA0003644856670000032
wherein: p (P) omin (t) represents the lower limit value of power fluctuation, P, in the period of time t omax (t) represents an upper limit value of power fluctuation in a period of time t; min Δt P o (t-Deltat) represents the minimum value of power, min, over a period of time t Δt P o (t- Δt) shows the maximum value of the power during the time t period; p (P) w Representing the output power of the original wind powerA rate; m is a weight value.
Dividing the energy-storage wind power into high-frequency wind power and low-frequency wind power according to fluctuation characteristics; the high-frequency wind power is transmitted to the super capacitor, and the low-frequency wind power is transmitted to the storage battery;
the fluctuation characteristic comprises fluctuation quantity, fluctuation rate and change rate in a certain time period, threshold values of the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate are preset respectively, when the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate of wind power are larger than the threshold values, the wind power is used as high-frequency wind power, and when the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate of the wind power are smaller than the threshold values, the wind power is used as low-frequency wind power.
The allocation instruction comprises a storage battery instruction and a super capacitor instruction;
accumulator command P b (t) is expressed as:
P b (t)＝-P m (t)
wherein: p (P) m (t) represents the frequency of the low-frequency wind power at the time t;
super capacitor instruction P sc (t) is expressed as:
P sc (t)＝-P h (t)＝-[P w (t)-P o (t)-P m (t)]
wherein: p (P) w (t) represents the output power of the original wind power at the time t, P h (t) represents the frequency of the high-frequency wind power at t.
Optimizing the allocation instruction by combining the energy storage state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery;
SOC of battery at the end of t-1 period b (t-1) and t-period change in the state of charge ΔSOC of the battery b (t) as a fuzzy control input, the battery power command adjustment factor K b (t) as a fuzzy control output, command for the battery power P b (t) optimizing to obtain the battery optimizing command
Figure BDA0003644856670000041
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003644856670000042
correspondingly will P sc (t) adjust to
Figure BDA0003644856670000043
Figure BDA0003644856670000044
Super capacitor power command P for super capacitor sc (t) optimizing to obtain super capacitor power instruction
Figure BDA0003644856670000045
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003644856670000046
/>
correspondingly will P b (t) adjust to
Figure BDA0003644856670000047
Figure BDA0003644856670000048
The real-time control method updates the period of the allocation instruction according to time and state;
the time update equation is established as follows:
P w (t∣t-1)＝P o (t-1∣t-1)
P(t∣t-1)＝P(t-1∣t-1)+Q
the state update equation is established as follows:
P o (t∣t)＝P w (t∣t-1)+G(t)(P w (t)-P w (t∣t-1))
P(t∣t)＝(1-G(t))P(t∣t-1)
G(t)＝P(t∣t-1)/(P(t∣t-1)+R)
wherein: p (P) w (t|t-1) isA priori estimate of the state at time t derived from time t-1; p (P) o (t-1|t-1) is a wind power grid-connected value which is input into the energy storage system at the time t-1 by the wind power plant and then is injected into the power grid; p (t|t-1) is the covariance of the a priori estimate; p (t-1 |t-1) is the covariance of the state estimate at time t-1; p (P) o (t|t) is a wind power grid-connected value at the time t; p (P) w (t) is the output power value of the wind farm at time t; g (t) is the gain of the kalman filter; q and R are observed noise covariances.
Optimizing the state update equation is:
G(t)＝P(t∣t-1)/(P(t∣t-1)+λR)
wherein: λ is the weight coefficient.
According to a second aspect of the object of the present invention, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned real-time control method of an offshore wind hybrid energy storage system.
According to a second aspect of the object of the present invention, an electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the real-time control method of the above-mentioned offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system are realized when the processor executes the program.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the stored energy wind power is accurately and effectively distributed into the energy storage system through the distribution instruction, the energy management of the hybrid energy storage system is carried out, the power energy complementation characteristic of the storage battery and the super capacitor is fully exerted, and the long-term stable operation of the energy storage system is maintained. And the service lives of the storage battery and the super capacitor are prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of real-time control of an offshore wind hybrid energy storage system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of an embodiment of a real-time control method of an offshore wind hybrid energy storage system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more particular description thereof will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, the real-time control method of the offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1), original wind power is sent out from a wind power plant, a threshold value of grid-connected power of the original wind power is preset, and if the grid-connected power of the original wind power meets the threshold value, the original wind power is used as grid-connected wind power to be input into a power grid; and if the grid-connected power of the original wind power is not satisfied with the threshold value, the original wind power is used as the energy storage wind power to enter an energy storage system.
And S2) respectively distributing the stored wind power to a storage battery and a super capacitor in the energy storage system according to the distribution instruction.
Step S3), the energy-storage wind power is input into a power grid after passing through an energy storage system.
An alternating current bus is connected between the wind power plant and the power grid, and is connected with an energy storage system through a transformer. Grid-connected wind power is directly transmitted to a power grid through an alternating current bus. The energy-storage wind power enters the energy storage system and is transmitted to the power grid through the alternating current bus.
As shown in fig. 2, the energy storage system 20 includes a storage battery 201 and a super capacitor 202, the wind farm 10 is connected with a controller 50, and the stored wind power is correspondingly distributed to the storage battery 201 and the super capacitor 202 through the controller 50. The storage battery 201 and the super capacitor 202 are connected with a DC/AC converter, and are connected with an alternating current bus through the DC/AC converter to be transmitted to the power grid 30.
The storage battery 201 and the super capacitor 202 are respectively connected with independent DC/AC converters, so that the throughput of the storage battery 201 and the super capacitor 202 can be conveniently and flexibly controlled, and the cycle life of the battery, the stability of the voltage of an alternating current bus and the overall system performance can be improved.
The DC/AC converter is also connected to an isolation transformer 40, and an AC bus is connected through the isolation transformer 40. The isolation transformer 40 can shield the interaction between the wind power output by the storage battery 201 and the wind power output by the super capacitor 202. Playing a role in stabilizing voltage.
When the grid-connected power of the original wind power emitted in the wind farm 10 meets a preset threshold value, the original wind power is input into the power grid 30 as grid-connected wind power, and when the original wind power is not met the threshold value, the original wind power enters the energy storage system 20 as energy storage wind power.
Within a certain time, the fluctuation space of the grid-connected power of the original wind power meets a preset threshold value [ P ] olmin (t),P olmax (t)]And when the power is input to the power grid.
Figure BDA0003644856670000061
Figure BDA0003644856670000071
Wherein: p (P) omin (t) represents the lower limit value of power fluctuation, P, in the period of time t omax (t) represents an upper limit value of power fluctuation in a period of time t. min Δt P o (t- Δt) represents the minimum value of power during the time t period. min Δt P o (t- Δt) shows the maximum value of the power during the time t period. P (P) w Representing the output power of the original wind power. m is a weight value and is an integer. the longer the t period, the smaller the m value.
Taking a time calculation window of 1 second, t being a threshold of 1 minute and 10 minutes as an example,
the threshold value within 1 minute is:
Figure BDA0003644856670000072
Figure BDA0003644856670000073
the threshold value at 10 minutes is:
Figure BDA0003644856670000074
Figure BDA0003644856670000075
when:
P o (t)∈[P omin (t),P omax (t)]＝[P o1min (t),P o1max (t)]∩[P o10min (t),P o10max (t)]
wherein: p (P) o And (t) represents grid-connected power of the original wind power.
Namely, when the grid-connected power of the original wind power meets the threshold value of 1 minute and 10 minutes simultaneously, P is described w Representing that the original wind power can be input into the grid as grid-tied wind power.
And dividing the energy-storage wind power into high-frequency wind power and low-frequency wind power according to the fluctuation characteristics. And the high-frequency wind power is transmitted to the super capacitor, and the low-frequency wind power is transmitted to the storage battery.
The fluctuation characteristic comprises fluctuation quantity, fluctuation rate and change rate in a certain time period, threshold values of the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate are preset respectively, when the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate of wind power are larger than the threshold values, the wind power is used as high-frequency wind power, and when the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate of the wind power are smaller than the threshold values, the wind power is used as low-frequency wind power. The threshold for fluctuation may be 50MW, the threshold for fluctuation rate may be 70%, and the threshold for change rate may be 5MW/S.
And when the grid-connected power of the original wind power does not meet the threshold value, respectively distributing the high-frequency wind power and the low-frequency wind power into the super capacitor and the storage battery through the distribution instruction. The allocation instructions include a battery instruction and a super capacitor instruction. The distribution of the distribution instruction accords with the respective power energy characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor, so that the energy storage charge state can be ensured to work in a reasonable range, and the problems of excessive charge and discharge, insufficient charge and discharge response capability and the like are avoided. The service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Accumulator command P b (t) is expressed as:
P b (t)＝-P m (t)
wherein: p (P) m And (t) represents the frequency of the low-frequency wind power at the time t.
Super capacitor instruction P sc (t) is expressed as:
P sc (t)＝-P h (t)＝-[P w (t)-P o (t)-P m (t)]
wherein: p (P) w (t) represents the output power of the original wind power at the time t, P h And (t) represents the frequency of the high-frequency wind power at the time t.
The service life of the storage battery is influenced by the change times of charge and discharge of the storage battery, and the proper reduction of the instruction change frequency of the storage battery is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the storage battery; meanwhile, the super capacitor energy storage is utilized to bear a higher-frequency power instruction, so that the characteristics of high response speed and suitability for frequent charge-discharge conversion can be fully exerted.
Further, the allocation instruction is optimized by combining the energy storage state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery.
The state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage refers to the percentage of the residual energy storage quantity to the rated capacity under the same condition, and is an important index for measuring the current charge and discharge capacity of the energy storage. Energy storage state of charge SOC (t) at time t and residual capacity E (t) and energy storage rated capacity E Ah The relationship between them can be expressed as:
SOC(t)＝E(t)/E Ah
SOC (t) =1 when the battery is full; when the battery is fully discharged, SOC (t) =0.
When the storage battery is charged:
SOC(t)＝(1-σ sdr )SOC(t-1)+P(t)Δtη c
when the storage battery is discharged:
Figure BDA0003644856670000091
wherein: SOC (t) is the remaining state of charge of the stored energy at the end of the t period; p (t) is the charge and discharge power of the energy storage t period; sigma (sigma) sdr Is the self-discharge rate of the energy storage medium; η (eta) c And eta d Charging and discharging efficiencies of the stored energy, respectively; Δt is the sampling time interval and the calculation window duration.
And respectively optimizing the storage battery command and the super capacitor command according to the energy storage state of charge (SOC). And obtaining a storage battery optimizing instruction and a super capacitor optimizing instruction.
The following description will be given by taking a storage battery as an example:
(1) When SOC is b (t) when it is moderate, the accumulator is in accordance with the accumulator instruction P b (t) charging and discharging.
(2) When SOC is b And (t) being smaller, indicating that the remaining capacity of the storage battery is insufficient. If at this time P b (t)<0, then P is corrected b (t) increasing it and adjusting P accordingly sc (t); if P b (t)>0, then remain unchanged.
(3) When SOC is b And (t) is larger, indicating that the battery capacity tends to saturate. If at this time P b (t)>0, then P is corrected b (t) reducing it and adjusting P accordingly sc (t); if P b (t)<0, then remain unchanged.
Wherein: SOC (State of Charge) b And (t) is the state of charge of the battery at the end of the period t.
Further, the state of charge SOC of the storage battery at the end of the t-1 period b (t-1) and t-period change in the state of charge ΔSOC of the battery b (t) as a fuzzy control input, the battery power command adjustment factor K b (t) as a fuzzy control output. Power command to battery P b (t) optimizing to obtain the battery optimizing command
Figure BDA0003644856670000092
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003644856670000093
correspondingly will P sc (t) adjust to
Figure BDA0003644856670000094
Figure BDA0003644856670000095
Similarly, super capacitor power command P for super capacitor sc (t) optimizing to obtain super capacitor power instruction
Figure BDA0003644856670000096
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003644856670000101
correspondingly will P b (t) adjust to
Figure BDA0003644856670000102
Figure BDA0003644856670000103
Therefore, the energy storage charge state can be further ensured to work in a reasonable range, and the problems of excessive charge and discharge, insufficient charge and discharge response capability and the like are avoided. The service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Further, the storage battery power command or the super capacitor power command is selected to be optimized according to the requirement.
The simultaneous optimization of the two instructions may cause unbalance of system power, and the storage battery power instruction or the super capacitor power instruction can be optimized according to the requirement. So that there is only one optimized action at the same time.
(1) When SOC is b (t) optimizing the battery power command when the battery power command is smaller and smaller;
(2) When SOC is b And (t) optimizing the power command of the super capacitor when the power command is moderate.
Further, the update period of the allocation instruction is set, so that the update period can be suitable for the real-time change of wind power and can eliminate the influence of time lag effect on the control effect.
The time update equation is established as follows:
P w (t∣t-1)＝P o (t-1∣t-1)
P(t∣t-1)＝P(t-1∣t-1)+Q
the state update equation is established as follows:
P o (t∣t)＝P w (t∣t-1)+G(t)(P w (t)-P w (t∣t-1))
P(t∣t)＝(1-G(t))P(t∣t-1)
G(t)＝P(t∣t-1)/(P(t∣t-1)+R)
wherein: p (P) w (t-1) is an a priori estimate of the state at time t derived from time t-1; p (P) o (t-1|t-1) is a wind power grid-connected value which is input into the energy storage system at the time t-1 by the wind power plant and then is injected into the power grid; p (t|t-1) is the covariance of the a priori estimate; p (t-1 |t-1) is the covariance of the state estimate at time t-1; p (P) o (t|t) is a wind power grid-connected value at the time t; p (P) w (t) is the output power value of the wind farm at time t; g (t) is the gain of the kalman filter. Q and R are observed noise covariances.
Further, in order to ensure the R value of the observed noise covariance, when the numerical fluctuation of the wind power is large. Optimizing a state update equation, namely:
G(t)＝P(t∣t-1)/(P(t∣t-1)+λR)
wherein: where λ is the weighting coefficient and may be {1.5,1,0, -1, -1.5}. The value of the observed noise covariance R is adaptively adjusted according to the change of the numerical fluctuation of the wind power, so that the smooth value of the output power of the wind power plant is adjusted in real time, and the wind power sudden change condition can be effectively treated.
Therefore, the energy storage wind power is accurately and effectively distributed into the energy storage system through the distribution instruction, the energy management of the hybrid energy storage system is carried out, the power energy complementation characteristic of the storage battery and the super capacitor is fully exerted, and the long-term stable operation of the energy storage system is maintained. And the service lives of the storage battery and the super capacitor are prolonged.
From the description of the embodiments above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the facility of the present invention may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms. Embodiments of the invention may be implemented using existing processors, or by special purpose processors used for this or other purposes for appropriate systems, or by hardwired systems. Embodiments of the invention also include non-transitory computer-readable storage media including machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon; such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. Such machine-readable media may include, for example, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the connection is also considered to be a machine-readable medium.
The foregoing is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the present invention and the accompanying drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The real-time control method of the offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, generating original wind power for a wind power plant, presetting a threshold value of grid-connected power of the original wind power, and inputting the original wind power as grid-connected wind power into a power grid if the grid-connected power of the original wind power meets the threshold value; if the grid-connected power of the original wind power is not satisfied with the threshold value, the original wind power is used as energy storage wind power to enter an energy storage system;
s2, respectively distributing the stored wind power to a storage battery and a super capacitor in the energy storage system according to a distribution instruction;
s3, the energy-storage wind power is input into a power grid after passing through the energy storage system.
2. The real-time control method of the offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein an alternating current bus is connected between a wind power plant and a power grid, the alternating current bus is connected with the energy storage system through a transformer, the wind power plant is connected with a controller, and the controller executes an allocation instruction to allocate the stored wind power to a storage battery and a super capacitor correspondingly;
the storage battery and the super capacitor are both connected with a DC/AC converter, and the DC/AC converter is also connected with an isolation transformer which is connected with the converter.
3. The method for real-time control of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the threshold value is [ P ] olmin (t),P olmax (t)]Expressed as:
Figure FDA0003644856660000011
Figure FDA0003644856660000012
wherein: p (P) omin (t) represents the lower limit value of power fluctuation, P, in the period of time t omax (t) represents an upper limit value of power fluctuation in a period of time t; min Δt P o (t-Deltat) represents the minimum value of power, min, over a period of time t Δt P o (t- Δt) shows the maximum value of the power during the time t period; p (P) w Representing the output power of the original wind power; m is a weight value.
4. The method for controlling the offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system in real time according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
dividing the energy-storage wind power into high-frequency wind power and low-frequency wind power according to fluctuation characteristics; the high-frequency wind power is transmitted to the super capacitor, and the low-frequency wind power is transmitted to the storage battery;
the fluctuation characteristic comprises fluctuation quantity, fluctuation rate and change rate in a certain time period, threshold values of the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate are preset respectively, when the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate of wind power are larger than the threshold values, the wind power is used as high-frequency wind power, and when the fluctuation quantity, the fluctuation rate and the change rate of the wind power are smaller than the threshold values, the wind power is used as low-frequency wind power.
5. The method for real-time control of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the allocation instructions comprise a battery instruction and a super capacitor instruction;
accumulator command P b (t) is expressed as:
P b (t)＝-P m (t)
wherein: p (P) m (t) represents the frequency of the low-frequency wind power at the time t;
super capacitor instruction P sc (t) is expressed as:
P sc (t)＝-P h (t)＝-[P w (t)-P o (t)-P m (t)]
wherein: p (P) w (t) represents the output power of the original wind power at the time t, P h (t) represents the frequency of the high-frequency wind power at t.
6. The method for real-time control of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein the allocation instruction is optimized in combination with the energy storage state of charge SOC of the storage battery;
SOC of battery at the end of t-1 period b (t-1) and t-period change in the state of charge ΔSOC of the battery b (t) as a fuzzy control input, the battery power command adjustment factor K b (t) as a fuzzy control output, command for the battery power P b (t) optimizing to obtain the battery optimizing command
Figure FDA0003644856660000021
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003644856660000022
correspondingly will P sc (t) adjust to
Figure FDA0003644856660000023
Figure FDA0003644856660000024
Super capacitor power command P for super capacitor sc (t) optimizing to obtain super capacitor power instruction
Figure FDA0003644856660000031
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003644856660000032
correspondingly will P b (t) adjust to
Figure FDA0003644856660000033
Figure FDA0003644856660000034
7. The method for real-time control of an offshore wind power hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the real-time control method updates the period of the allocation command according to time and state;
the time update equation is established as follows:
P w (t∣t-1)＝P o (t-1∣t-1)
P(t∣t-1)＝P(t-1∣t-1)+Q
the state update equation is established as follows:
P o (t∣t)＝P w (t∣t-1)+G(t)(P w (t)-P w (t∣t-1))
P(t∣t)＝(1-G(t))P(t∣t-1)
G(t)＝P(t∣t-1)/(P(t∣t-1)+R)
wherein: p (P) w (t-1) is an a priori estimate of the state at time t derived from time t-1; p (P) o (t-1|t-1) is a wind power grid-connected value which is input into the energy storage system at the time t-1 by the wind power plant and then is injected into the power grid; p (t|t-1) is the covariance of the a priori estimate; p (t-1 |t-1) is the covariance of the state estimate at time t-1; p (P) o (t|t) is a wind power grid-connected value at the time t; p (P) w (t) is the output power value of the wind farm at time t; g (t) is the gain of the kalman filter; q and R are observed noise covariances.
8. The method of real-time control of an offshore wind turbine hybrid energy storage system of claim 7, wherein the state update equation is optimized as:
G(t)＝P(t∣t-1)/(P(t∣t-1)+λR)
wherein: λ is the weight coefficient.
9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the real-time control method of an offshore wind hybrid energy storage system according to any of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor performs the steps of the real-time control method of the offshore wind hybrid energy storage system when the program is executed.
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