CN116231578A - Multistage ladder type protection system based on energy storage system direct current side - Google Patents

Multistage ladder type protection system based on energy storage system direct current side Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116231578A
CN116231578A CN202211102046.5A CN202211102046A CN116231578A CN 116231578 A CN116231578 A CN 116231578A CN 202211102046 A CN202211102046 A CN 202211102046A CN 116231578 A CN116231578 A CN 116231578A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
protection
battery
energy storage
fuse
direct current
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Pending
Application number
CN202211102046.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋湘萍
朱晓彤
牟长玖
晏贵平
赵雷
施挺
冯开锋
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211102046.5A priority Critical patent/CN116231578A/en
Publication of CN116231578A publication Critical patent/CN116231578A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
    • H02H3/105—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions responsive to excess current and fault current to earth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multistage ladder type protection system based on a direct current side of an energy storage system, which comprises the following components: the battery module, the high-voltage box, the confluence control cabinet and the PCS cabinet are respectively provided with a fast fuse/breaker and a BMU monitoring unit on the direct current side, the main protection is provided by the fuse on the side, the backup protection function is provided by the fuse/breaker on the adjacent side, and the auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system. The invention configures the direct current side protection according to the main protection, the backup protection and the auxiliary protection, and can ensure that the short circuit fault of the direct current side can be effectively removed in time.

Description

Multistage ladder type protection system based on energy storage system direct current side
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multistage ladder type protection system based on a direct current side of an energy storage system, and belongs to the technical field of protection control of the energy storage system.
Background
In recent years, energy storage technology in China is rapidly developed, and more large-scale energy storage battery systems are applied to power systems. However, fire accidents of lithium batteries of energy storage power stations frequently occur, and the reasons of the accidents are as follows: short circuit between positive electrode and negative electrode occurs on a direct current side bus of the battery energy storage system; the current flows among the parallel battery clusters, so that the battery cells are overcharged and have high voltage to form internal short circuits, and the accidents are very easy to cause thermal runaway of the battery, thereby causing fire disasters of the battery.
At present, a fuse is only arranged at a cluster outlet in the direct current side short-circuit protection of a battery, so that the protection effect is not realized when the battery module is in short circuit, and the short-circuit fault exists for a long time and is a main cause of causing fire.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a multistage ladder-type protection system based on the direct current side of an energy storage system, which can ensure that short-circuit faults of the direct current side can be effectively removed in time. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a multistage ladder type protection system based on a direct current side of an energy storage system, which is configured on the direct current side of the energy storage system and comprises:
a primary fuse and a BMU monitoring unit are arranged on the direct current side of each battery module, primary protection is provided by the primary fuse on the side, backup protection is provided by the primary fuse in the adjacent battery module, and auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system for preventing short circuit between the battery modules;
a secondary fuse, a secondary circuit breaker and a BCMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of each cluster battery high-voltage box, the secondary fuse provides main protection, the secondary circuit breaker and the primary fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing inter-electrode short circuit at the outlet of the cluster battery high-voltage box;
three-stage fuses and a BSMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of the confluence control cabinet, the three-stage fuses provide main protection, the two-stage fuses, the two-stage circuit breaker and the one-stage fuses provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing inter-electrode short circuits at the outlet of the confluence control cabinet;
a four-stage fuse and a BSMU monitoring unit are configured on the DC side of the PCS cabinet, the four-stage fuse provides main protection, the three-stage fuse, the two-stage circuit breaker and the one-stage fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing inter-pole short circuit at the DC side outlet of the PCS cabinet.
Further, the action logic of the main protection is as follows:
an inter-pole short circuit fault is quickly broken by a fuse providing primary protection while delaying t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet.
Further, when the primary protection fails, protection is provided by the backup protection.
Further, the action logic of the backup protection is as follows:
the highest-class fuse/breaker in the backup protection is tripped, and the time is delayed by t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, the confluence switch, the cluster switches and the contactors in the confluence control cabinet are tripped.
Further, the auxiliary protection includes:
the BMS system monitors direct current loop current, direct current loop voltage and battery temperature in real time, and configures cluster charge/discharge overcurrent protection, inter-cluster current difference protection, single voltage difference protection, single overvoltage/low voltage protection, module overvoltage/low voltage protection, cluster overvoltage/low voltage protection, inter-cluster voltage difference protection, single battery high temperature/low temperature protection, single temperature difference protection and module high temperature/low temperature protection.
Further, the action logic of the auxiliary protection comprises:
when each section of sampling value is higher than a preset early warning value, the BMS system sends early warning information;
when each section of sampling value is higher than a preset alarm set value, the BMS system sends alarm information to request the energy storage system to stand by;
and when the sampling value of each section is higher than a preset protection fixed value, the BMS system sends protection information, requests the energy storage system to stop, and executes the battery stack protection power-down operation.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps of grounding protection:
aiming at the short circuit of the battery module electrode to the ground, the short circuit of the outlet of the cluster battery module electrode to the ground and the short circuit of the battery stack electrode to the ground, the fuses of all stages are configured to realize rapid fault removal when two points are grounded, and meanwhile, the time delay t is delayed 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 After seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet;
when a single point is grounded, the BMS system is provided with an insulation monitoring function, the insulation resistance value reaches 100 omega/V, and the time is delayed by t 3 After seconds, the BMS system sends out error warnings of abnormal insulation and monopole grounding of the direct current side of the energy storage system and a shutdown instruction of the PCS cabinet.
Further, the energy storage system adopts the hierarchical structure of an electric core, a battery module, a battery cluster and a battery stack,
the battery pile is connected in parallel by adopting a plurality of battery clusters, the battery clusters are connected in series by adopting a plurality of battery modules, and the battery modules are connected in series by adopting a plurality of electric cores.
Further, the direct current side of the energy storage system is wired as follows:
and the battery cells of each battery module in the plurality of battery clusters are connected in series and then connected into a confluence control cabinet through a battery high-voltage box, and a direct-current bus of the confluence control cabinet is connected into a PCS cabinet through a direct-current confluence switch after summarizing each battery cluster.
Further, the BMS system comprises a BMU monitoring unit, a BCMU monitoring unit, a BSMU monitoring unit and an EMS server;
the BMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the BCMU monitoring unit through an isoSPI;
the BCMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the BSMU monitoring unit through a spacer layer switch, and the BCMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the EMS server through the spacer layer switch and a station control layer switch;
the BSMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the EMS server through the spacer layer switch and the station control layer switch.
Compared with the prior art, the direct-current side multistage stepped protection system of the energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is configured on the DC side of an energy storage system, comprising: a primary fuse and a BMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of each battery module, primary protection is provided by the primary fuse on the side, backup protection is provided by the primary fuse in the adjacent battery module, and auxiliary protection is provided by a BMS system; the invention can prevent the short circuit between the inner electrodes of the battery module;
the secondary fuse, the secondary circuit breaker and the BCMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of each cluster of battery high-voltage box, the secondary fuse provides main protection, the secondary circuit breaker and the primary fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection; the invention can prevent the inter-electrode short circuit at the outlet of the cluster battery high-voltage box;
the invention is characterized in that a three-stage fuse and a BSMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of a confluence control cabinet, the three-stage fuse provides main protection, the two-stage fuse, the two-stage circuit breaker and the one-stage fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection; the invention can prevent the interelectrode short circuit at the outlet of the confluence control cabinet;
the invention is characterized in that a four-stage fuse and a BSMU monitoring unit are arranged on the DC side of the PCS cabinet, the four-stage fuse provides main protection, the three-stage fuse, the two-stage circuit breaker and the one-stage fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection.
The invention adopts the ladder relay protection principle, realizes the functions of main protection, backup protection and auxiliary protection, ensures that the faults are rapidly removed when the direct current side bus faults, the short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the single-pole or multi-pole short circuit to the ground and overload faults occur, and is isolated and stopped in time; the invention reasonably configures the direct current side protection aiming at different fault types, classifies the direct current side protection according to the main protection, the backup protection and the auxiliary protection, and ensures that the direct current side short circuit fault is effectively removed in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a direct current side line graph of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a multi-stage ladder protection configuration diagram for K1 and K2 point faults in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a multi-stage ladder protection configuration diagram for K3 and K4 point faults in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a communication networking diagram of the BMS system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A multistage ladder-type protection system based on a direct current side of an energy storage system is arranged on the direct current side of the energy storage system.
The energy storage system adopts a hierarchical architecture of cells, battery modules, battery clusters and battery stacks, the battery stacks adopt a plurality of battery clusters to be connected in parallel, the battery clusters adopt a plurality of battery modules to be connected in series, and the battery modules adopt a plurality of cells to be connected in series. As shown in fig. 1, the connection on the dc side of the energy storage system is: and the battery cells of each battery module in the plurality of battery clusters are connected in series and then connected into a confluence control cabinet through a battery high-voltage box, and a direct-current bus of the confluence control cabinet is connected into a PCS cabinet through a direct-current confluence switch after summarizing each battery cluster.
The configuration of the protection elements of each section on the direct current side of the energy storage system is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 configuration table for DC side protection elements of energy storage system
Mounting position Device name Numbering device Protection function
Battery module Fuse protector 1-1FU Short-circuit protection and overcurrent protection
High-pressure tank Circuit breaker 2-1SD Short-circuit protection and overcurrent protection
High-pressure tank Fuse protector 2-1FU、2-2FU Short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection and grounding protection
Conflux control cabinet Fuse protector 3-1FU、3-2FU Short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection and grounding protection
PCS DC side Fuse protector 4-1FU、4-2FU Short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection and grounding protection
Battery module Protection monitoring unit BMS Auxiliary protection: voltage protection and temperature protection; overcurrent protection and differential pressure protection; temperature difference protection, insulation monitoring and inter-cluster inconsistency protection
As shown in fig. 2, for inter-electrode short circuit K1 in each battery module, a primary fuse 1-1FU and a BMU monitoring unit are disposed on the dc side of each battery module, primary protection is provided by the primary fuse 1-1FU on the current side, backup protection is provided by the primary fuse 1-nFU in the adjacent battery module, and auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system for preventing inter-electrode short circuit in the battery module.
The action logic of the main protection is as follows: short-circuit fault between battery module inner electrode is formed by rapidly cutting off fault loop by primary fuse 1-1FU (any one of 1-nFU according to the number of battery module) for providing main protection, and delaying t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet.
When the primary protection fails, protection is provided by the backup protection. Adjacent primary fuse is tripped out, time delay t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, the confluence switch, the cluster switches and the contactors in the confluence control cabinet are tripped.
As shown in fig. 2, for the inter-pole short circuit K2 at the outlet of the high-voltage box of the cluster battery, a secondary fuse 2-1FU, a secondary fuse 2-2FU, a secondary circuit breaker 2-1SD and a BCMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of each cluster battery high-voltage box, primary protection is provided by the secondary fuse 2-1FU and the secondary fuse 2-2FU, backup protection is provided by the secondary circuit breaker 2-1SD and the primary fuse 1-1FU … … 1-nFU, and auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system for preventing the inter-pole short circuit at the outlet of the high-voltage box of the cluster battery.
The action logic of the main protection is as follows: inter-pole short circuit fault is quickly cut off by the secondary fuse 2-1FU and the secondary fuse 2-2FU providing main protection, and the fault loop is delayed by t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet.
When the primary protection fails, protection is provided by the backup protection. The secondary circuit breaker 2-1SD (the primary fuse 1-1FU … … 1-nFU if the secondary circuit breaker 2-1SD fails) trips, time delay t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, the confluence switch, the cluster switches and the contactors in the confluence control cabinet are tripped.
As shown in fig. 3, for the inter-pole short circuit K3 at the outlet of the bus control cabinet, three-stage fuses 3-1FU, 3-2FU and BSMU monitoring units are configured on the direct current side of the bus control cabinet, primary protection is provided by the three-stage fuses 3-1FU and 3-2FU, backup protection is provided by the secondary fuses 2-1FU, 2-2FU, 2-1SD and 1-1FU … … -nFU, and auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system for preventing inter-pole short circuit at the outlet of the bus control cabinet.
The action logic of the main protection is as follows: an inter-pole short circuit fault is formed by rapidly cutting off a fault loop by a three-stage fuse 3-1FU and a three-stage fuse 3-2FU which provide main protection, and simultaneously delaying t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet.
When the primary protection fails, protection is provided by the backup protection. The secondary fuse 2-1FU, the secondary fuse 2-2FU and the secondary breaker 2-1SD (if the secondary fuse and the secondary breaker fail, the primary fuse 1-1FU … … 1-nFU is once) are tripped, and the time t is delayed 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, the confluence switch, the cluster switches and the contactors in the confluence control cabinet are tripped.
As shown in FIG. 3, for the inter-pole short circuit K4 at the DC side outlet of the PCS cabinet, a four-stage fuse 4-1FU, a four-stage fuse 4-2FU and a BSMU monitoring unit are configured at the DC side of the PCS cabinet, the four-stage fuse 4-1FU and the four-stage fuse 4-2FU provide main protection, the three-stage fuse 3-1FU, the three-stage fuse 3-2FU, the two-stage fuse 2-1FU, the two-stage fuse 2-2FU, the two-stage circuit breaker 2-1SD and the one-stage fuse 1-1FU … … 1-nFU provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing the inter-pole short circuit at the DC side outlet of the PCS cabinet.
The action logic of the main protection is as follows: inter-pole short circuit fault is quickly cut off by the four-stage fuse 4-1FU and the four-stage fuse 4-2FU providing main protection, and the fault loop is delayed by t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet.
When the primary protection fails, protection is provided by the backup protection. Three-level fuse 3-1FU and three-level fuse 3-2FU (secondary fuse and secondary breaker if three-level fuse 3-1FU and three-level fuse 3-2FU fail, primary fuse 1-1FU … … 1-nFU if secondary fuse and secondary breaker fail), time delay t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, the confluence switch, the cluster switches and the contactors in the confluence control cabinet are tripped.
The auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system, including:
the BMS system monitors direct current loop current, direct current loop voltage and battery temperature in real time, and configures cluster charge/discharge overcurrent protection, inter-cluster current difference protection, single voltage difference protection, single overvoltage/low voltage protection, module overvoltage/low voltage protection, cluster overvoltage/low voltage protection, inter-cluster voltage difference protection, single battery high temperature/low temperature protection, single temperature difference protection and module high temperature/low temperature protection. A step of
Action logic to assist in protection, comprising:
when each section of sampling value is higher than a preset early warning value, the BMS system sends early warning information;
when each section of sampling value is higher than a preset alarm set value, the BMS system sends alarm information to request the energy storage system to stand by;
and when the sampling value of each section is higher than a preset protection fixed value, the BMS system sends protection information, requests the energy storage system to stop, and executes the battery stack protection power-down operation.
The BMS system structure is shown in fig. 4. The BMS system comprises a BMU monitoring unit, a BCMU monitoring unit, a BSMU monitoring unit and an EMS server. The BMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the BCMU monitoring unit through an isoSPI. The BCMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the BSMU monitoring unit through a spacer layer switch, and the BCMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the EMS server through the spacer layer switch and a station control layer switch. The BSMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the EMS server through the spacer layer switch and the station control layer switch. The BSMU monitoring unit is connected with the PCS cabinet through a hard contact.
The BMS system is classified into three-level management of a battery cell level, a battery module level, and a battery cluster level. The solar energy storage battery has an auxiliary protection function, wherein the auxiliary protection function comprises overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, overtemperature and low-temperature protection; multi-stage fault diagnosis protection; meanwhile, the system has a real-time data analysis function, and can protect abnormal and hidden faults, such as alarm, abnormal temperature change, abnormal voltage change trend and the like, which are inconsistent with the normal running state of the system, and can pre-start countermeasures to avoid the occurrence of the faults or reduce the influence of the faults.
The present embodiment can also provide ground protection:
aiming at the short circuit of the battery module electrode to the ground, the short circuit of the outlet of the cluster battery module electrode to the ground and the short circuit of the battery stack electrode to the ground, the fuses of all stages are configured to realize rapid fault removal when two points are grounded, and meanwhile, the time delay t is delayed 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 After seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet;
when a single point is grounded, the BMS system is provided with an insulation monitoring function, the insulation resistance value reaches 100 omega/V, and the time is delayed by t 3 After seconds, the BMS system sends out error warnings of abnormal insulation and monopole grounding of the direct current side of the energy storage system and a shutdown instruction of the PCS cabinet.
The protection types are classified into lightning protection, grounding protection, voltage abnormality protection, overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, and the like. Each device protects in real time as the fault occurs, isolating the fault out of the entire system at the fastest speed while reporting the fault to the in-situ monitoring unit. All devices can be completely isolated from the electrical connection of the system without affecting the operation of other systems.
According to the embodiment, the multi-stage ladder type protection system on the direct current side of the energy storage system is formed by combining the quick fuse, the direct current breaker and the BMS system, and the quick fault removal during direct current side bus faults, positive-negative short circuits, single-pole or multi-pole short circuits to the ground, overload faults and the like are realized aiming at different fault types such as short circuits between the direct current side of the energy storage system, pole short circuits to the ground and overload faults, and timely isolation and shutdown are realized.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a multistage cascaded protection system based on energy storage system direct current side which characterized in that disposes in energy storage system's direct current side, includes:
a primary fuse and a BMU monitoring unit are arranged on the direct current side of each battery module, primary protection is provided by the primary fuse on the side, backup protection is provided by the primary fuse in the adjacent battery module, and auxiliary protection is provided by the BMS system for preventing short circuit between the battery modules;
a secondary fuse, a secondary circuit breaker and a BCMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of each cluster battery high-voltage box, the secondary fuse provides main protection, the secondary circuit breaker and the primary fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing inter-electrode short circuit at the outlet of the cluster battery high-voltage box;
three-stage fuses and a BSMU monitoring unit are configured on the direct current side of the confluence control cabinet, the three-stage fuses provide main protection, the two-stage fuses, the two-stage circuit breaker and the one-stage fuses provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing inter-electrode short circuits at the outlet of the confluence control cabinet;
a four-stage fuse and a BSMU monitoring unit are configured on the DC side of the PCS cabinet, the four-stage fuse provides main protection, the three-stage fuse, the two-stage circuit breaker and the one-stage fuse provide backup protection, and the BMS system provides auxiliary protection for preventing inter-pole short circuit at the DC side outlet of the PCS cabinet.
2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the main protection logic comprises:
an inter-pole short circuit fault is quickly broken by a fuse providing primary protection while delaying t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet.
3. The energy storage system dc side multi-stage ladder protection system of claim 1, wherein protection is provided by backup protection in the event of a failure of the primary protection.
4. The energy storage system dc side multi-stage ladder protection system of claim 3, wherein the backup protection logic is:
the highest-class fuse/breaker in the backup protection is tripped, and the time is delayed by t 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 And after seconds, the confluence switch, the cluster switches and the contactors in the confluence control cabinet are tripped.
5. The energy storage system direct current side multi-stage ladder protection system of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary protection comprises:
the BMS system monitors direct current loop current, direct current loop voltage and battery temperature in real time, and configures cluster charge/discharge overcurrent protection, inter-cluster current difference protection, single voltage difference protection, single overvoltage/low voltage protection, module overvoltage/low voltage protection, cluster overvoltage/low voltage protection, inter-cluster voltage difference protection, single battery high temperature/low temperature protection, single temperature difference protection and module high temperature/low temperature protection.
6. The energy storage system dc side multi-stage ladder protection system of claim 5, wherein the auxiliary protection action logic comprises:
when each section of sampling value is higher than a preset early warning value, the BMS system sends early warning information;
when each section of sampling value is higher than a preset alarm set value, the BMS system sends alarm information to request the energy storage system to stand by;
and when the sampling value of each section is higher than a preset protection fixed value, the BMS system sends protection information, requests the energy storage system to stop, and executes the battery stack protection power-down operation.
7. The energy storage system dc side multi-stage ladder protection system of claim 1, further comprising a ground protection:
aiming at the short circuit of the battery module electrode to the ground, the short circuit of the outlet of the cluster battery module electrode to the ground and the short circuit of the battery stack electrode to the ground, the fuses of all stages are configured to realize rapid fault removal when two points are grounded, and meanwhile, the time delay t is delayed 1 The BMS system issues shutdown instructions of the PCS cabinet in seconds, and delays time t 2 After seconds, tripping the confluence switch, each cluster switch and the contactor in the confluence control cabinet;
when a single point is grounded, the BMS system is provided with an insulation monitoring function, the insulation resistance value reaches 100 omega/V, and the time is delayed by t 3 After seconds, the BMS system sends out error warnings of abnormal insulation and monopole grounding of the direct current side of the energy storage system and a shutdown instruction of the PCS cabinet.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system is a hierarchical structure of cells, battery modules, battery clusters, and battery stacks,
the battery pile is connected in parallel by adopting a plurality of battery clusters, the battery clusters are connected in series by adopting a plurality of battery modules, and the battery modules are connected in series by adopting a plurality of electric cores.
9. The energy storage system dc side multi-stage ladder protection system of claim 8, wherein the direct current side of the energy storage system is wired as:
and the battery cells of each battery module in the plurality of battery clusters are connected in series and then connected into a confluence control cabinet through a battery high-voltage box, and a direct-current bus of the confluence control cabinet is connected into a PCS cabinet through a direct-current confluence switch after summarizing each battery cluster.
10. The energy storage system direct current side multistage stepwise protection system of claim 1, wherein the BMS system comprises a BMU monitoring unit, a BCMU monitoring unit, a BSMU monitoring unit, and an EMS server;
the BMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the BCMU monitoring unit through an isoSPI;
the BCMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the BSMU monitoring unit through a spacer layer switch, and the BCMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the EMS server through the spacer layer switch and a station control layer switch;
the BSMU monitoring unit is in communication connection with the EMS server through the spacer layer switch and the station control layer switch.
CN202211102046.5A 2022-09-09 2022-09-09 Multistage ladder type protection system based on energy storage system direct current side Pending CN116231578A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116436148A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-07-14 苏州精控能源科技有限公司 Four-stage fusing linkage control method and system for energy storage system, electronic equipment and medium
CN116581712A (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-11 深圳市首航新能源股份有限公司 Battery cluster and energy storage system thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116436148A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-07-14 苏州精控能源科技有限公司 Four-stage fusing linkage control method and system for energy storage system, electronic equipment and medium
CN116436148B (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-08-25 苏州精控能源科技有限公司 Four-stage fusing linkage control method and system for energy storage system, electronic equipment and medium
CN116581712A (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-11 深圳市首航新能源股份有限公司 Battery cluster and energy storage system thereof

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