CN116223546A - Online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at sealing welding point of fuel rod - Google Patents

Online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at sealing welding point of fuel rod Download PDF

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CN116223546A
CN116223546A CN202211505591.9A CN202211505591A CN116223546A CN 116223546 A CN116223546 A CN 116223546A CN 202211505591 A CN202211505591 A CN 202211505591A CN 116223546 A CN116223546 A CN 116223546A
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fuel rod
detector
tungsten
ray
characteristic
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张庆贤
葛良全
汪建红
张建
曹晖
程志强
叶畹义
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
    • G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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Abstract

The invention discloses an online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at a sealing welding point of a fuel rod, which at least comprises the following components: the X-ray tube, the detector and the analysis processing unit irradiate the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod to be detected by X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube, and excite tungsten element in the sealing welding spot; the excited tungsten element is subjected to a de-excitation process to generate characteristic X-ray fluorescence, and the detector is used for completing the energy spectrum measurement of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence; and the analysis processing unit is used for processing the energy spectrum of the characteristic X fluorescence, extracting the net peak count of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence of the tungsten atom K alpha system, and realizing qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tungsten element content in the welding spot of the fuel rod to be detected based on the standard rod database information. The non-destructive high-efficiency detection of tungsten inclusion in the welding spot of the fuel rod is realized by the online nondestructive detection device. And by measuring the kα rays, a detection depth >0.5mm can be achieved due to the high energy.

Description

Online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at sealing welding point of fuel rod
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nondestructive monitoring, and particularly relates to an online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusions at a sealing welding point of a fuel rod.
Background
The detection of tungsten inclusions at the welding spots of the fuel rod has important significance for the nuclear safety of the fuel cladding. Because the reaction section of tungsten and neutrons is far larger than other elements in welding spots, tungsten inclusion in the welding spots can form corrosion of the fuel rod end plug in the operation process of the reactor, so that fuel leakage is caused and the safety of the reactor is influenced. Therefore, on-line nondestructive testing of tungsten inclusions in fuel rods is a critical process in the production of fuel rods. And the detection of the fuel rod needs non-contact and non-destructive measurement, so that new potential safety hazards to the fuel rod are avoided.
The energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence analysis technology (EDXRF) has the characteristics of site, rapidness, non-destruction, multiple elements, higher accuracy and the like, so that the method is very suitable for detecting tungsten inclusions at welding spots of the fuel rod.
At present, when researchers at home and abroad use EDXRF to quantitatively analyze heavy elements (atomic number is more than 50), L series characteristic X fluorescence is mostly adopted to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis. Compared with K-line rays, the L-line rays of the element have lower fluorescence yield, the attenuation of the L-line rays in the substance is faster, the detection depth of the L-line rays is small, and the W element dispersed in the plug has no measurement capability, so that the capability of detecting tungsten inclusions of a welding spot of a fuel rod is weakened.
Therefore, there is a need for an efficient non-destructive inspection apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: in order to solve the problem of tungsten impurity detection on a near-surface layer of tungsten in a fuel plug, an online nondestructive detection device for tungsten inclusion at a seal welding point of a fuel rod is disclosed, and nondestructive high-efficiency detection of tungsten inclusion at a welding point of the fuel rod is realized through the online nondestructive detection device.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
an on-line nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at a sealing welding point of a fuel rod, the on-line nondestructive testing device at least comprises: the X-ray tube, the detector and the analysis processing unit irradiate the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod to be detected by X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube, and excite tungsten element in the sealing welding spot; the excited tungsten element is subjected to a de-excitation process to generate characteristic X-ray fluorescence, and the detector is used for completing the energy spectrum measurement of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence; the analysis processing unit is used for processing the energy spectrum of the characteristic X fluorescence and extracting tungsten atoms K α The characteristic X-ray fluorescence net peak count is adopted, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of tungsten element content in the welding spot of the fuel rod to be detected is realized based on standard rod database information.
According to a preferred embodiment, the standard bar database comprises: by measuring a reference rod with known tungsten element content, the tungsten element K is established α Is the relation data between characteristic X-ray fluorescence net peak count and tungsten element content.
According to a preferred embodiment, the detector comprises: the L-system detector is used for measuring L-system rays of tungsten elements, and the tungsten element content characterization of the surface layer of the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod is completed through counting the measured L-system rays of the tungsten elements; and the K-system detector is used for measuring K-system rays of tungsten elements, and the characterization of the tungsten element content of the near-surface layer of the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod is completed through the measured K-system rays of tungsten elements.
According to a preferred embodiment, the L-series detector also measures the energy spectrum of K-series characteristic X-rays generated by the back-excitation of zirconium element in a sealing welding spot of the fuel rod after being irradiated by an X-ray tube, and the analysis processing unit finishes the stability evaluation of the X-ray tube beam current through the measured K-characteristic X-ray net count rate of zirconium.
According to a preferred embodiment, the L-series detector is a Si-PIN detector; the K-series detector is a CdTe detector.
According to a preferred embodiment, the depth of the surface layer of the seal welding spot of the fuel rod is less than or equal to 0.05mm; the depth of the seal welding spot near the surface layer of the fuel rod is less than or equal to 0.5mm.
According to a preferred embodiment, a collimator is arranged between the X-ray tube and the fuel rod to be tested; an X-ray shutter is arranged on an X-ray path in the collimator.
According to a preferred embodiment, the collimator is provided with a first mounting slot and a second mounting slot for respectively mounting the L-series detector and the K-series detector, the L-series detector and the K-series detector are respectively mounted in the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot and face the fuel rod to be tested, the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the collimator, and the first mounting slot and/or the second mounting slot are/is arranged at an included angle of 45 degrees with an optical path of an X light pipe in the collimator.
According to a preferred embodiment, an L-system filter is arranged between the L-system detector and the fuel rod to be tested, a K-system filter is arranged between the K-system detector and the fuel rod to be tested, and a primary ray filter is arranged between the X-ray tube and the fuel rod to be tested.
According to a preferred embodiment, the tube voltage of the X-ray tube is 80kV-160kV, and the target material is a rhodium target.
The foregoing inventive concepts and various further alternatives thereof may be freely combined to form multiple concepts, all of which are contemplated and claimed herein. Various combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be exhaustive or all of the present disclosure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
through the structural design of the online nondestructive testing device, the invention uses the existing high-energy X-ray tube 130kV-160kV and semiconductor detector to realize the K-series and L-series characteristic fluorescence detection of elements in the welding spot of the fuel rod, thereby improving the detection capability of tungsten inclusion of the welding spot of the fuel rod.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle and structure of an on-line nondestructive testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shutter structure of the on-line nondestructive testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a collimator of the in-line nondestructive testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a collimator of the in-line nondestructive testing device of the present invention;
wherein, 1-collimator, 2-L system detector, 3-K system detector, 4-K system filter, 5-L system filter, 6-primary ray filter, 7-feed channel, 8-collimator holder, 9-X light pipe, 10-fuel rod, 11-X ray shutter, 12-shielding layer.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, in the present invention, if a specific structure, connection relationship, position relationship, power source relationship, etc. are not specifically written, the structure, connection relationship, position relationship, power source relationship, etc. related to the present invention can be known by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an on-line nondestructive testing apparatus for tungsten inclusions at seal welds of a fuel rod, the on-line nondestructive testing apparatus comprising: an X-ray tube 9, a detector, an analysis processing unit and a shielding layer 12. The X-ray tube 9 and the detector are arranged inside the shielding layer 12, and the analysis processing unit is arranged outside the shielding layer 12. The tube voltage of the X-ray tube 9 is 0kV-160kV, and the target material is a rhodium target. At present, a commonly used light pipe with the wavelength of more than 80Kv is commonly used as a target, characteristic X rays generated by the target enter a detector through coherent scattering of a sample, tungsten element measurement interference is increased, and rhodium targets are selected to avoid the interference.
The X-ray emitted by the X-ray tube 9 irradiates the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod 10 to be tested to excite tungsten element in the sealing welding spot; the excited tungsten element is subjected to a de-excitation process to generate characteristic X-ray fluorescence, and the characteristic X-ray fluorescence is detected by the detectionThe device completes the energy spectrum measurement of characteristic X-ray fluorescence; the analysis processing unit is used for processing the energy spectrum of the characteristic X fluorescence and extracting tungsten atoms K α The characteristic X-ray fluorescence net peak count is adopted, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of tungsten element content in welding spots of the fuel rod 10 to be detected is realized based on standard rod database information.
Wherein the standard bar database comprises: by measuring a reference rod with known tungsten element content, the tungsten element K is established α Is the relation data between characteristic X-ray fluorescence net peak count and tungsten element content. Further, the standard rod database consists of detection results of standard rods with different tungsten contents, a counting threshold for judging tungsten content is given in qualitative analysis, and detection sensitivity is given in quantitative analysis. For example, the standard rod is selected to be a zirconium alloy having a tungsten content of 100ppm,320ppm,770 ppm.
Preferably, the detector comprises: an L-system detector 2 for measuring L-system rays of tungsten element, and a K-system detector 3 for measuring K-system rays of tungsten element.
Wherein, the L-series detector 2 completes the surface tungsten element content characterization (the surface depth is less than or equal to 0.05 mm) of the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod 10 through the measured L-series ray count of tungsten element. The K-series detector completes the representation of the tungsten element content of the near-surface layer of the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod 10 (the depth of the near-surface layer is less than or equal to 0.5 mm) through the measured K-series ray count of the tungsten element.
Furthermore, the L-series detector 2 also measures the energy spectrum of K-series characteristic X-rays generated by the back excitation of zirconium element in a sealing welding spot of the fuel rod 10 after being irradiated by the X-ray tube 9, and the analysis processing unit finishes the beam stability evaluation of the X-ray tube 9 through the measured K-characteristic X-ray net count rate of zirconium. Thereby ensuring that the L-series detector 2 and the K-series detector 3 can accurately measure the tungsten element content in the welding spot of the fuel rod 10 to be detected.
Under the condition of high-voltage stability, the beam intensity of the X-ray light pipe is influenced by the fluctuation of the filament current of the light pipe. Assuming that the energy spectrum distribution of the light pipe is f (E), the beam intensity of the light pipe is I 0 The measured counts for zirconium element are:
Figure BDA0003968924010000051
the same light pipe has a certain stable energy spectrum distribution of f (E) under the same high pressure, thus
Figure BDA0003968924010000052
The integral result is constant, K i Is an excitation factor and is also a constant; omega is the geometric solid angle of the detector and is also constant. Thus N Zr Is I 0 And C Zr Is a function of (2). Whereas in the fuel rod cladding the content of elemental zirconium is greater than 99%, the content can be considered constant, so the counting rate of W can be corrected by measuring the count. The working mode is as follows: in the instrument scale stage, counting the characteristic peak count rate of the zirconium element to obtain the average value of the count rate of N zr, The counting rate correction formula of tungsten element characteristics:
Figure BDA0003968924010000053
N w,m and N zr, Characteristic peak count rates were measured for tungsten element and zirconium element, respectively.
Preferably, the L-series detector 2 is a Si-PIN detector; the K-series detector is a CdTe detector.
Preferably, a collimator 1 is arranged between the X-ray tube 9 and the fuel rod 10 to be tested; the collimator 1 is made of lead for collimating primary X-rays and secondary X-rays. The purposes of reducing the focus of the sealing welding spot of the X-ray irradiation fuel rod and reducing the X-ray scattering of the periphery are achieved.
An X-ray shutter 11 is provided in the collimator 1 along the X-ray path. The irradiation control of the X-rays is realized by the X-ray shutter 11 rays.
Preferably, the collimator 1 is provided with a first mounting slot and a second mounting slot for respectively mounting the L-system detector 2 and the K-system detector, the L-system detector 2 and the K-system detector are respectively mounted in the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot and face the fuel rod 10 to be tested, the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the collimator 1, and the first mounting slot and/or the second mounting slot are/is arranged at an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical path of the X-ray tube 9 in the collimator 1.
By arranging the detector mounting groove, the peripheral scattered rays can be prevented from entering the detector, and the influence of peripheral scattering on a detection result is reduced.
Further, an L-system filter 5 is arranged between the L-system detector 2 and the fuel rod 10 to be measured, a K-system filter 4 is arranged between the K-system detector and the fuel rod 10 to be measured, and a primary ray filter 6 is arranged between the X-ray tube 9 and the fuel rod 10 to be measured. The filtering of low-energy photons is completed by arranging each optical filter, so that the peak-to-back ratio of the characteristic X-rays is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
In a specific application case:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, a fuel rod 10 to be measured is fed into the inside of a shielding layer 12 through a feed passage 7 for measurement. Wherein, the interior terminal surface of feed channel 7 is equipped with the big inclined plane that can laminate the end plug of fuel rod, guarantees that the fuel rod solder joint is in fixed detection station when detecting at every turn.
The X-ray tube 9 selects the working parameters of 150kV light tube voltage, 0.4mA light tube current and 25s measuring time according to the transmission rate of the production line, the requirement of the input counting rate of the detector and the like. The thickness of the shielding layer 12 is 2mm.
The K-system filter 4 and the L-system filter 5 are placed at the bottoms of the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot, respectively. The K-series optical filter 4 is an Al sheet with the thickness of 0.2 mm; the L-series optical filter 5 is an Al sheet with the thickness of 0.4 mm; the primary ray filter 6 is a Cu sheet having a thickness of 1 mm.
The X-ray shutter 11 closes the transmission of primary X-rays when powered down and opens the transmission of primary X-rays when powered on. The X-ray shutter is composed of an electromagnetic lock and a lead shielding rod, wherein the shielding rod is inserted into a collimator shielding slot when power is off, and the shielding rod leaves the shielding slot when power is on. Thereby ensuring the safe use of X-rays.
The X fluorescence energy spectrum is processed through the analysis processing unit, accurate characteristic X fluorescence information is extracted, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of tungsten elements in welding spots to be detected is realized based on a standard rod database.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at a sealing welding point of a fuel rod is characterized by at least comprising: an X-ray tube (9), a detector and an analysis processing unit,
x-rays emitted by the X-ray tube (9) irradiate a sealing welding spot of the fuel rod to be detected, and tungsten element in the sealing welding spot is excited;
the excited tungsten element is subjected to a de-excitation process to generate characteristic X-ray fluorescence, and the detector is used for completing the energy spectrum measurement of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence;
the analysis processing unit is used for processing the energy spectrum of the characteristic X fluorescence and extracting tungsten atoms K α The characteristic X-ray fluorescence net peak count is adopted, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of tungsten element content in the welding spot of the fuel rod to be detected is realized based on standard rod database information.
2. The online non-destructive testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the standard bar database comprises: by measuring a reference rod with known tungsten element content, the tungsten element K is established α Is the relation data between characteristic X-ray fluorescence net peak count and tungsten element content.
3. The online nondestructive testing device of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises:
an L-system detector for measuring L-system rays of tungsten element; the characterization of the tungsten element content on the surface layer of a sealing welding spot of the fuel rod (10) is completed through the measured L-series ray count of the tungsten element;
the K-series detector is used for measuring K-series rays of tungsten elements, and the tungsten element content characterization of the near-surface layer of the sealing welding spot of the fuel rod (10) is completed through the measured K-series rays of tungsten elements.
4. The on-line nondestructive testing device according to claim 3, wherein the L-series detector further detects the energy spectrum of K-series characteristic X-rays generated by the back excitation of zirconium element in a sealing welding spot of the fuel rod (10) under the irradiation of the X-ray tube (9),
and the analysis processing unit is used for completing the stability evaluation of the X-ray tube beam current through the measured K characteristic X-ray net count rate of zirconium.
5. The online nondestructive testing device of claim 3, wherein the L-series detector is a Si-PIN detector; the K-series detector is a CdTe detector.
6. The on-line nondestructive testing device according to claim 3, wherein the depth of the surface layer of the seal welding spot of the fuel rod (10) is less than or equal to 0.05mm; the depth of the seal welding spot near the surface layer of the fuel rod is less than or equal to 0.5mm.
7. An on-line non-destructive testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a collimator (1) is arranged between the X-ray tube (9) and the fuel rod (10) to be tested; an X-ray shutter (11) is arranged on the X-ray passage path in the collimator (1).
8. The on-line nondestructive inspection apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the collimator (1) is provided with a first mounting slot and a second mounting slot for mounting the L-series detector (2) and the K-series detector (3), respectively,
the L-series detector (2) and the K-series detector (3) are respectively arranged in the first mounting slot hole and the second mounting slot hole and face to the fuel rod (10) to be tested,
the first mounting slot holes and the second mounting slot holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the collimator (1), and the first mounting slot holes and/or the second mounting slot holes are/is arranged at an included angle of 45 degrees with the light path of the X-ray tube (9) in the collimator (1).
9. The on-line nondestructive testing device according to claim 8, wherein an L-line filter (5) is arranged between the L-line detector (2) and the fuel rod (10) to be tested, a K-line filter (4) is arranged between the K-line detector (3) and the fuel rod (10) to be tested, and a primary ray filter (6) is arranged between the X-ray tube (9) and the fuel rod (10) to be tested.
10. The on-line nondestructive testing device according to claim 1, wherein the tube voltage of the X-ray tube (9) is 80kV-160kV, and the target material is rhodium target.
CN202211505591.9A 2022-11-29 2022-11-29 Online nondestructive testing device for tungsten inclusion at sealing welding point of fuel rod Pending CN116223546A (en)

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