CN116221616A - Gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116221616A
CN116221616A CN202211515277.9A CN202211515277A CN116221616A CN 116221616 A CN116221616 A CN 116221616A CN 202211515277 A CN202211515277 A CN 202211515277A CN 116221616 A CN116221616 A CN 116221616A
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China
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energy storage
carbon dioxide
gas
heat
refrigerant
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CN202211515277.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢永慧
王秦
王鼎
孙磊
汪晓勇
张荻
杨彪
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Baihe New Energy Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
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Baihe New Energy Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211515277.9A priority Critical patent/CN116221616A/en
Publication of CN116221616A publication Critical patent/CN116221616A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/005—Pipe-line systems for a two-phase gas-liquid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system and an energy storage system control method, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system comprises a gas storage, an energy storage component, an energy storage container, an energy release component and a first temperature stabilizing component; the gas storage, the energy storage assembly, the energy storage container and the energy release assembly are sequentially connected in a closed loop; the first temperature stabilizing assembly is arranged on a carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the gas storage and the energy storage assembly, and is configured to be capable of regulating the temperature of carbon dioxide from the gas storage to a set temperature and inputting the carbon dioxide with the set temperature to the energy storage assembly. The temperature of the carbon dioxide from the gas storage is regulated and controlled to be a set temperature by the first temperature stabilizing component, and then the set temperature is input to the energy storage component for compression, so that the energy storage component can work under the design working condition, and the energy storage efficiency, stability and safety of the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy storage system can be improved.

Description

Gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system and an energy storage system control method.
Background
The carbon dioxide has the advantages of low critical parameter (the critical temperature is 31.1 ℃, the critical pressure is 7.38 MPa), no toxicity and pollution, stable physical property, high density and the like, so that the energy storage system taking the compressed carbon dioxide as the working medium has the advantage of higher energy storage energy density.
The related art provides various embodiments for a gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system, all of which involve the use of a compressor to compress gaseous carbon dioxide from a gas reservoir to store energy.
However, for the current gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system, based on a plurality of factors, such as the temperature of carbon dioxide in a gas storage under long-time storage conditions, the temperature and the like are easy to change, so that the compressor operates under non-design working conditions or variable working conditions, the energy storage efficiency of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system is further reduced, and potential safety hazards are also easy to cause.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system and an energy storage system control method, which can solve the technical problem that a compressor in the related art operates under a non-design working condition or a variable working condition.
In one aspect, a gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system is provided, comprising: the device comprises a gas storage, an energy storage assembly, an energy storage container, an energy release assembly and a first temperature stabilizing assembly;
the gas storage, the energy storage assembly, the energy storage container and the energy release assembly are sequentially connected in a closed loop manner;
the first temperature stabilizing assembly is arranged on a carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the gas storage warehouse and the energy storage assembly, and is configured to regulate the temperature of carbon dioxide from the gas storage warehouse to be a set temperature and input the carbon dioxide with the set temperature to the energy storage assembly.
In some possible implementations, the energy storage assembly includes at least one compressed energy storage portion, each of which includes a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger connected in sequence along a flow direction of the carbon dioxide.
In some possible implementations, the energy storage assembly includes at least two compression energy storage parts, the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part is connected with the compressor in the next compression energy storage part adjacent to the energy storage heat exchanger, and the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes a second temperature stabilizing assembly;
The second temperature stabilizing component is connected to a carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part and the next compressor in the next compression energy storage part adjacent to the energy storage heat exchanger, and carbon dioxide output by the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part can flow into the second temperature stabilizing component and be output as carbon dioxide with a set temperature to enter the next compressor in the compression energy storage part.
In some possible implementations, the first temperature stabilizing assembly includes a preheater located upstream of the compressor of the first of the compression accumulators.
In some possible implementations, the second temperature stabilizing component includes: and the carbon dioxide channel of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger is formed on a first compression passage section along the flow direction of carbon dioxide, wherein a first end and a second end of the first compression passage section are respectively connected with the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part and the compressor in the next compression energy storage part.
In some possible implementations, the second temperature stabilizing assembly further includes: the refrigerant system comprises a refrigerant compressor, a refrigerant condenser and a refrigerant expansion valve, wherein the refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor, the refrigerant condenser, the refrigerant expansion valve and the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger are sequentially connected end to form a refrigerant loop.
In some possible implementations, the second temperature stabilizing assembly further includes: a refrigerant compressor, a refrigerant condenser, a refrigerant expansion valve, and a refrigerant evaporator;
the refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor, the refrigerant condenser, the refrigerant expansion valve and the refrigerant evaporator are sequentially connected end to form a refrigerant loop;
the water channel of the refrigerant evaporator and the water channel of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger are sequentially connected end to form a cold water loop.
In some possible implementations, the second temperature stabilizing assembly further includes a first water tank, the water passage of the refrigerant evaporator, the first water tank, and the water passage of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger are connected end to end in sequence to form a cold water circuit.
In some possible implementations, the energy storage assembly further includes: a second compression path segment;
the second compression path section is arranged in parallel with the first compression path section, a first merging end of the first compression path section and the second compression path section is connected to the energy storage heat exchanger in the compression energy storage part at present, and a second merging end of the first compression path section and the second compression path section is connected to the compressor in the next compression energy storage part.
In some possible implementations, the energy release assembly includes: a carbon dioxide evaporator and at least one turbine part which are sequentially arranged along the carbon dioxide expansion passage;
the turbine part comprises an energy release heat exchanger and a turbine which are sequentially connected along the flowing direction of the carbon dioxide.
In some possible implementations, the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system includes a second temperature stabilizing assembly including a refrigerant condenser and a second water tank, the water channels of the refrigerant condenser, the second water tank, and the carbon dioxide evaporator being connected end-to-end in sequence to form a hot water loop.
In some possible implementations, the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes a heat exchange assembly comprising: a cold storage tank, a heat storage tank;
the first end of the cold storage tank and the first end of the heat storage tank are connected through a heat storage passage;
the second end of the heat storage tank and the second end of the cold storage tank are connected through a heat release passage;
the energy storage heat exchanger in the compression energy storage part is connected to a heat storage passage between the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank;
the energy release heat exchanger in the turbine part is connected to a heat release passage between the heat storage tank and the cold storage tank; the energy release heat exchanger is provided with a carbon dioxide channel communicated with the heat release passage and a heat source channel for heating carbon dioxide, and a heat exchange medium coming out of the heat source channel supplies heat for the preheater.
On the other hand, the control method of the energy storage system is provided, and the control method of the energy storage system is applied to any one of the above-mentioned gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage systems;
the energy storage system control method comprises the following steps:
in the electricity consumption section, compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage by using an energy storage component, condensing the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and storing the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container;
at the electricity consumption peak section, converting liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container into gaseous carbon dioxide by utilizing an energy release assembly, expanding and releasing energy, and storing the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage;
in the process of compressing the gaseous carbon dioxide, the first temperature stabilizing component is utilized to regulate and control the temperature of the carbon dioxide entering the energy storage component, so that the energy storage component operates under a design working condition.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize energy storage and release by compressing carbon dioxide, wherein the energy storage is performed in a power consumption section, and the method comprises the steps of compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in a gas storage by utilizing an energy storage component to form liquid carbon dioxide and storing the liquid carbon dioxide in an energy storage container. The energy release at the peak of electricity is used for generating electricity, which comprises expanding liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container by the energy release component to form gaseous carbon dioxide and storing the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage.
Particularly, in the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first temperature stabilizing component is arranged on the carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the gas storage and the energy storage component, the temperature of carbon dioxide from the gas storage is regulated and controlled to be a set temperature by using the first temperature stabilizing component, and then the carbon dioxide is input into the energy storage component for compression, so that the energy storage component can work under the design working condition (namely, the pre-designed pressure and temperature parameters), and the energy storage efficiency, the stability and the safety of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first exemplary gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second exemplary gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a third exemplary gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a fourth exemplary gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fifth exemplary gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a sixth exemplary gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals denote:
001. an energy storage assembly; 002. an energy release assembly; 003. a first temperature stabilizing component; 004. a second temperature stabilizing component;
1. a gas storage; 2. an energy storage container; 3. a first compressor; 4. a first energy storage heat exchanger; 5. a preheater; 6. a refrigerant compressor; 7. a refrigerant condenser; 8. a refrigerant expansion valve; 9. a refrigerant evaporator; 10. a temperature stabilizing heat exchanger; 11. a first water tank; 12. a first control valve; 13. a second control valve; 14. a first compression path segment; 15. a second compression path segment; 16. a third control valve; 17. a carbon dioxide condenser; 18. a fourth control valve; 19. a carbon dioxide evaporator; 20. a carbon dioxide cooler; 21. a first energy release heat exchanger; 22. a first turbine; 23. a cold storage tank; 24. a heat storage tank; 25. an energy storage medium cooler; 26. a fifth control valve; 27. a sixth control valve; 28 a seventh control valve; 29. a second energy release heat exchanger; 30. a second turbine; 31. a second compressor; 32. a second energy storage heat exchanger; 33. and a second water tank.
Specific embodiments of the present invention have been shown by way of the above drawings and will be described in more detail below. The drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any way, but rather to illustrate the inventive concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to the specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the invention as detailed in the accompanying claims.
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The existing gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system is easy to change based on a plurality of factors, such as the temperature of carbon dioxide in a gas storage under a long-time storage condition, so that a compressor runs under a non-design working condition or a variable working condition, the energy storage efficiency of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system is further reduced, and potential safety hazards are also easy to cause.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system, as shown in fig. 1, including: the energy storage device comprises an air storage 1, an energy storage assembly 001, an energy storage container 2, an energy release assembly 002 and a first temperature stabilizing assembly 003; the gas storage 1, the energy storage assembly 001, the energy storage container 2 and the energy release assembly 002 are sequentially connected in a closed loop manner; the first temperature stabilizing assembly 003 is disposed on a carbon dioxide energy storage path between the gas storage 1 and the energy storage assembly 001, and the first temperature stabilizing assembly 003 is configured to be capable of regulating a temperature of carbon dioxide from the gas storage 1 to a set temperature and inputting the carbon dioxide having the set temperature to the energy storage assembly 001.
The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize energy storage and release by compressing carbon dioxide, wherein the energy storage is performed in a power consumption section, and the method comprises the steps of compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage 1 by utilizing the energy storage component 001 to form liquid carbon dioxide and storing the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 2. The energy release is carried out at the electricity consumption peak section for generating electricity, which comprises the steps of utilizing the energy release component 002 to evaporate and heat the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 2 to be gaseous dioxide and expand and do work, and the gaseous carbon dioxide after work is stored in the gas storage 1.
Particularly, in the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first temperature stabilizing component 003 is arranged on the carbon dioxide energy storage path between the gas storage 1 and the energy storage component 001, the temperature of carbon dioxide from the gas storage 1 is regulated and controlled to be a set temperature by the first temperature stabilizing component 003, and then the set temperature is input into the energy storage component 001 for compression, so that the energy storage component 001 can work under the design working condition (namely, the pre-designed temperature parameter), and the energy storage efficiency, the stability and the safety of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system can be improved.
The structural arrangement and function of the components involved in the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system are further described below:
in some implementations, the energy storage assembly 001 includes at least one compressed energy storage portion, each comprising a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger connected in sequence along the flow direction of carbon dioxide. The compressor is used for compressing carbon dioxide, and the energy storage heat exchanger is used for storing heat generated in the compression process of the carbon dioxide.
For example, fig. 2 illustrates an energy storage assembly 001 comprising a primary compressed energy storage section comprising a first compressor 3 and a first energy storage heat exchanger 4 connected in sequence.
When the compression energy storage part is arranged in two stages or more, the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part is connected with the compressor in the next compression energy storage part adjacent to the energy storage heat exchanger.
For example, fig. 3 illustrates an energy storage assembly 001 comprising a two-stage compression energy storage portion, wherein the compression energy storage portion of the first stage comprises a first compressor 3 and a first energy storage heat exchanger 4 connected in sequence, and the compression energy storage portion of the second stage comprises a second compressor 31 and a second energy storage heat exchanger 32 connected in sequence, wherein the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 is connected with the second compressor 31.
In some examples, the energy storage assembly 001 comprises at least two compression energy storage parts, the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part is connected with the compressor in the next compression energy storage part adjacent to the current compression energy storage part, further, as shown in fig. 3, the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system further comprises a second temperature stabilizing assembly 004.
The second temperature stabilizing component 004 is connected to a carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part and the compressor in the next compression energy storage part adjacent to the energy storage heat exchanger, and carbon dioxide output by the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part can flow into the second temperature stabilizing component 004 and be output as carbon dioxide with a set temperature to enter the compressor in the next compression energy storage part.
For example, fig. 3 illustrates that the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage path between the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 in the first stage compression energy storage section and the second compressor 31 in the second stage compression energy storage section, and carbon dioxide output by the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 in the first stage compression energy storage section can flow into the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 and be output as carbon dioxide having a set temperature into the second compressor 31 in the second stage compression energy storage section.
Through further setting up second steady temperature subassembly 004 between two-stage compression energy storage portion to the temperature regulation and control to the carbon dioxide that comes from current compression energy storage portion is the settlement temperature, then the compression energy storage portion of input next level compresses, further ensures energy storage assembly 001 and operates under the design operating mode, further promotes gas-liquid phase transition carbon dioxide energy storage system's energy storage efficiency, stability and security.
In some implementations, the first temperature stabilizing assembly 003 includes a preheater 5, the preheater 5 being located upstream of the compressor of the first compressed energy storage section. For example, fig. 2 illustrates that the preheater 5 is located upstream of the first compressor 3. Here, upstream is defined in terms of the direction of flow of carbon dioxide from the gas reservoir 1 through the energy storage assembly 001 to the energy storage container 2.
Further, a seventh control valve 28 is provided on the passage between the air reservoir 1 and the pre-heater 5 to control on-off of the current passage.
The carbon dioxide from the gas storage 1 passes through the seventh control valve 28 and the preheater 5 in this order, and is heated by the preheater 5 so that the carbon dioxide entering the compressor of the first compression energy storage reaches the set temperature.
It will be appreciated that the preheater 5 has two passages built therein, one of which is open to carbon dioxide and the other is open to a heating medium, which is used to heat the carbon dioxide. By the arrangement, whether the gas storage tank 1 is subjected to temperature stabilization treatment or not can be judged according to the actual working condition of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the gas storage tank, so that the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system is more intelligent and flexible.
In some examples, as shown in fig. 3, the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 includes a temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, and a carbon dioxide channel of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 is formed on a first compression path section 14 along a flow direction of carbon dioxide, wherein a first end and a second end of the first compression path section 14 are respectively connected to an energy storage heat exchanger in a current compression energy storage portion and a compressor in a next compression energy storage portion. Wherein fig. 3 illustrates that the first and second ends of the first compression path section 14 are connected to the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 in the first stage compression energy storage and the second compressor 31 in the second stage compression energy storage, respectively.
The heat exchange treatment is carried out on the compressed carbon dioxide circulated in the multistage compression energy storage part by arranging the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, so that the temperature of the compressed carbon dioxide is always kept at a set temperature, the operation of the energy storage component 001 under the design working condition is ensured, and the energy storage efficiency, stability and safety of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system are further improved.
For example, when the temperature of the compressed carbon dioxide from the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 is higher than the set temperature (i.e., does not meet the design condition) before entering the second compressor 31, the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 can cool the compressed carbon dioxide.
In some examples, a first control valve 12 is disposed on the first compression path segment 14, the first control valve 12 being located upstream of the heat stabilizing heat exchanger 10 to control the on-off of the first compression path segment 14.
In some examples (1), as shown in fig. 3 or fig. 4, the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 includes a temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, a refrigerant compressor 6, a refrigerant condenser 7, a refrigerant expansion valve 8, wherein refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor 6, the refrigerant condenser 7, the refrigerant expansion valve 8, and the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 are connected end to end in sequence to form a refrigerant circuit.
In such example (1), the heat stabilizing heat exchanger 10 has both a carbon dioxide passage and a refrigerant passage, and the second heat stabilizing assembly 004 operates in the following manner.
The refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant loop, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the compressed carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide channel of the heat-stabilizing heat exchanger 10, the compressed carbon dioxide releases heat and lowers the temperature, the refrigerant absorbs heat and raises the temperature, then the refrigerant is compressed by the refrigerant compressor 6 in sequence, the refrigerant condenser 7 condenses, the refrigerant expansion valve 8 throttles and expands, the temperature and pressure lowering treatment is realized, and the refrigerant is recycled to the refrigerant channel of the heat-stabilizing heat exchanger 10.
Further, referring to fig. 3, a second control valve 13 is disposed on the refrigerant circuit between the refrigerant expansion valve 8 and the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, and the second control valve 13 is used to control on-off of the refrigerant circuit, so as to determine whether to utilize the refrigerant to exchange heat with the compressed carbon dioxide according to the actual working condition of the compressed carbon dioxide.
In some examples (2), as shown in fig. 5, the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 includes: a temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, a refrigerant compressor 6, a refrigerant condenser 7, a refrigerant expansion valve 8, and a refrigerant evaporator 9.
The refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor 6, the refrigerant condenser 7, the refrigerant expansion valve 8, and the refrigerant evaporator 9 are connected end to end in order to form a refrigerant circuit.
The water passage of the refrigerant evaporator 9 and the water passage of the heat stabilizing exchanger 10 are connected end to end in order to form a cold water circuit.
In this example, the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 has both a carbon dioxide passage and a water passage, the refrigerant evaporator 9 has both a refrigerant passage and a water passage, and the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 operates in the following manner.
The refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerant loop, compressed by the refrigerant compressor 6, then enters the refrigerant condenser 7 to be condensed into liquid state, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant expansion valve 8 to be throttled and expanded, the expanded refrigerant enters the refrigerant evaporator 9 to absorb heat to form gaseous refrigerant, and the gaseous refrigerant finally circulates to the refrigerant compressor 6 again.
The cold water loop is circulated with cooling water, the cooling water exchanges heat and cools down through the refrigerant evaporator 9 to form low-temperature cooling water, the low-temperature cooling water enters the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with compressed carbon dioxide, the low-temperature cooling water absorbs heat and warms up, and the compressed carbon dioxide in the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 is cooled down.
Further, referring to fig. 5, a second control valve 13 is arranged on the cold water loop between the refrigerant evaporator 9 and the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, and the second control valve 13 is used for controlling the on-off of the cold water loop to determine whether to exchange heat with the compressed carbon dioxide by using the cooling water according to the actual working condition of the compressed carbon dioxide.
In some examples (3), as shown in fig. 6, the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 includes: a temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, a refrigerant compressor 6, a refrigerant condenser 7, a refrigerant expansion valve 8, a refrigerant evaporator 9 and a first water tank 11.
The refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor 6, the refrigerant condenser 7, the refrigerant expansion valve 8, and the refrigerant evaporator 9 are connected end to end in order to form a refrigerant circuit.
The water passage of the refrigerant evaporator 9, the first water tank 11 and the water passage of the heat stabilizing exchanger 10 are connected end to end in order to form a cold water circuit.
In this example, the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 has both a carbon dioxide passage and a water passage, the refrigerant evaporator 9 has both a refrigerant passage and a water passage, and the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 operates in the following manner.
The refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant is compressed by the refrigerant compressor 6, then enters the refrigerant condenser 7 to be condensed into liquid state, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the refrigerant expansion valve 8 to be throttled and expanded, the expanded refrigerant enters the refrigerant evaporator 9 to exchange heat with water from the first water tank 11, in this way, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates into gaseous refrigerant, and the gaseous refrigerant finally circulates to the refrigerant compressor 6 again.
The water loop circulates cooling water, the normal temperature cooling water from the first water tank 11 exchanges heat with the refrigerant evaporator 9 to cool down to form low temperature cooling water, the low temperature cooling water enters the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with compressed carbon dioxide in the low temperature cooling water, the low temperature cooling water absorbs heat to raise temperature, the compressed carbon dioxide in the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 is cooled down, and the cooling water finally circulates to the first water tank 11 again after absorbing heat to raise temperature.
Further, referring to fig. 6, a second control valve 13 is arranged on the cold water loop between the refrigerant evaporator 9 and the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10, and the second control valve 13 is used for controlling the on-off of the cold water loop to determine whether to exchange heat with the compressed carbon dioxide by using the cooling water according to the actual working condition of the compressed carbon dioxide.
In an embodiment of the present invention, for a refrigerant circulating in a refrigerant circuit, it includes, but is not limited to: at least one of the R22 refrigerant, the R410a refrigerant and the R404a refrigerant is selected to meet the requirements of refrigeration temperature and environmental protection.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 is provided with a carbon dioxide channel and a water channel at the same time, the temperature of the cooling water circulated in the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger 10 is 0-20 ℃, for example, 0-15 ℃, 0-10 ℃, and the like, and optionally 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 8 ℃, 10 ℃, 13 ℃, 15 ℃, 18 ℃ and 20 ℃ are selected, so that the good effect of cooling and compressing carbon dioxide is achieved.
In some implementations, as shown in fig. 3-6, the energy storage assembly 001 further includes a second compression path segment 15; wherein the second compression path section 15 is arranged in parallel with the first compression path section 14, a first merging end of the first compression path section 14 and the second compression path section 15 is connected to the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage, and a second merging end of the first compression path section 14 and the second compression path section 15 is connected to the compressor in the next compression energy storage.
By way of example in fig. 3, a first junction end of the first compression path section 14 and the second compression path section 15 is connected to the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 in the first stage compression energy storage, and a second junction end of the first compression path section 14 and the second compression path section 15 is connected to the second compressor 31 in the second stage compression energy storage.
Further, a third control valve 16 is provided on the second compression path section 15 to control on-off of the second compression path section 15.
If the temperature of the compressed carbon dioxide from the energy storage heat exchanger of the current compressed energy storage portion is higher than the set temperature (i.e. does not meet the design condition), the third control valve 16 is closed to close the second compression path section 15, and the first control valve 12 is opened to open the first compression path section 14, so that the temperature-stabilizing heat exchanger 10 works to cool the compressed carbon dioxide, specifically, the compressed carbon dioxide enters the temperature-stabilizing heat exchanger 10 to cool to the set temperature, and then enters the compressor of the compressed energy storage portion of the next stage.
On the contrary, if the temperature of the compressed carbon dioxide from the energy storage heat exchanger of the current compressed energy storage portion reaches the set temperature, that is, the temperature meets the design condition requirement, the third control valve 16 is opened to open the second compression passage section 15, and the first control valve 12 is closed to close the first compression passage section 14, so that the compressed carbon dioxide directly enters the compressor of the compressed energy storage portion of the next stage directly through the second compression passage section 15.
For the energy release assembly 002, referring to fig. 2-6, the energy release assembly 002 includes: a carbon dioxide evaporator 19 and at least one turbine section arranged in this order along the carbon dioxide expansion path; the turbine part comprises an energy release heat exchanger and a turbine which are sequentially connected along the flowing direction of the carbon dioxide.
The turbine section may be provided as one or as a plurality of in series (i.e., a multi-stage arrangement), for example, fig. 2 illustrates that the energy release assembly 002 includes one turbine section including the first energy release heat exchanger 21 and the first turbine 22 connected in series in the flow direction of the carbon dioxide. Fig. 2-6 each illustrate an energy release assembly 002 comprising two turbine sections (i.e., the turbine sections are arranged in two stages) including a first energy release heat exchanger 21, a first turbine 22, a second energy release heat exchanger 29, and a second turbine 30 connected in sequence along the flow direction of carbon dioxide.
In some examples, as shown in fig. 2-6, a fourth control valve 18 is provided in the carbon dioxide expansion path between the energy storage vessel 2 and the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 to control the opening and closing of the energy release assembly 002.
The liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 2 enters the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 to exchange heat, the liquid carbon dioxide absorbs heat and evaporates to form gaseous carbon dioxide, and the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the turbine part to expand and do work so as to drive the generator to generate electricity, which comprises the following steps of. The gaseous carbon dioxide enters an energy release heat exchanger to perform heat exchange and temperature rise, and then enters a turbine to expand and do work.
When the turbine parts are arranged in multiple stages, the gaseous carbon dioxide sequentially performs multiple stages of expansion work, so that the energy release efficiency of the compressed carbon dioxide is improved.
In some examples, as shown in fig. 4, the second temperature stabilizing assembly 004 further includes a second water tank 33, the water passage of the refrigerant condenser 7, the second water tank 33, and the water passage of the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 are connected end to end in sequence to form a hot water circuit.
The second water tank 33 is utilized to provide cooling water as a heat exchange medium, the cooling water of the second water tank 33 enters a water channel of the refrigerant condenser 7 to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the cooling water, the cooling water absorbs heat and heats up, the cooling water returns to the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 after absorbing heat and heats up, the cooling water after absorbing heat and heating up enters the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 to exchange heat and cool down, and the cooling water after exchanging heat and cooling down is circulated back to the second water tank 33.
By providing a hot water circuit, the heat generated by the refrigerant condenser 7 is used to supply heat to the carbon dioxide evaporator 19, and the energy utilization rate of the present invention can be further improved.
In some examples, the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention further includes a heat exchange assembly, as shown in fig. 6, the heat exchange assembly includes: a cold storage tank 23 and a heat storage tank 24.
The first end of the cold storage tank 23 and the first end of the heat storage tank 24 are connected through a heat storage passage; the second end of the heat storage tank 24 and the second end of the cold storage tank 23 are connected by a heat release path.
The energy storage heat exchanger in the compressed energy storage section is connected to the heat storage path between the cold storage tank 23 and the heat storage tank 24.
The energy release heat exchanger in the turbine part is connected to a heat release passage between the heat storage tank 24 and the cold storage tank 23; the energy release heat exchanger is provided with a carbon dioxide channel communicated with the heat release passage and a heat source channel for heating carbon dioxide, and further, a heat exchange medium coming out of the heat source channel supplies heat to the preheater 5. The heat exchange medium stored in the cold storage tank 23 and the heat storage tank 24 can be selected from heat conduction oil or molten salt.
For example, the two-stage compression energy storage portion and the two-stage turbine portion shown in fig. 6 are the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 and the second energy storage heat exchanger 32 respectively located in the heat storage path between the cold storage tank 23 and the heat storage tank 24, and the heat storage path in which the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 is located is connected in parallel with the heat storage path in which the second energy storage heat exchanger 32 is located.
The first energy release heat exchanger 21 is connected to a heat release passage between the heat storage tank 24 and the cold storage tank 23, the second energy release heat exchanger 29 is connected to a heat release passage between the heat storage tank 24 and the cold storage tank 23, and the heat release passage where the first energy release heat exchanger 21 is located is connected in parallel with the heat release passage where the second energy release heat exchanger 29 is located.
In some examples, as shown in fig. 6, a fifth control valve 26 is provided at the outlet of the cold storage tank 23 to control the on-off of the heat storage passage.
In some examples, as shown in fig. 6, a sixth control valve 27 is provided at the outlet of the heat storage tank 24 to control the on-off of the heat release path.
By arranging the cold storage tank 23 and the heat storage tank 24 as above, compression heat generated in the energy storage working process of the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system is stored, the stored compression heat is warmed up by utilizing the first energy release heat exchanger 21 and the second energy release heat exchanger 29 to heat carbon dioxide flowing through a heat release passage, and the carbon dioxide temperature at the inlets of the first turbine 22 and the second turbine 30 is increased, so that the energy release efficiency (namely the energy release efficiency) of the heat release passage is improved, and the energy utilization rate of the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system is further improved.
In some examples, the heat storage tank 24, the sixth control valve 27, the energy release heat exchanger in the turbine section, and the energy storage medium cooler 25 are connected in sequence by a heat release path. The heat exchange medium stored in the heat storage tank 24 is further cooled and stored in the cold storage tank 23 through the energy storage medium cooler 25 after being subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction through the first energy release heat exchanger 21 and the second energy release heat exchanger 29, so that the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the cold storage tank is kept at a lower level, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange medium in the first energy storage heat exchanger 4 and the second energy storage heat exchanger 32 is higher, the heat of compression heat of carbon dioxide flowing through a heat storage passage is fully absorbed, and the energy storage efficiency, the energy storage stability and the safety of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system are improved.
In some examples, the energy release assembly further includes a carbon dioxide cooler 20, where the carbon dioxide cooler 20 is located between the turbine part and the gas storage 1, and when the turbine part is multi-stage, the carbon dioxide cooler 20 is located between the turbine of the turbine part of the last stage and the gas storage 1, for example, fig. 6 illustrates that the carbon dioxide cooler 20 is located between the second turbine 30 and the gas storage 1, and if the temperature of the carbon dioxide discharged from the turbine of the turbine part of the last stage is higher than the design working requirement of the gas storage 1, the carbon dioxide cooler 20 cools the carbon dioxide gas flowing into the gas storage 1 so that the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas flowing into the gas storage 1 meets the design working requirement of the gas storage 1, and if the temperature is equal to or lower than the design working requirement of the gas storage 1, the carbon dioxide discharged from the turbine of the turbine part of the last stage directly flows into the gas storage 1, and the energy release is finished.
In combination with the arrangement of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the working principle of the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system is explained below in terms of the case when the compression energy storage portion and the turbine portion are both arranged in multiple stages:
the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention can compress carbon dioxide for energy storage in a power consumption valley period (namely, a power consumption valley period), and comprises the following steps of.
When in the valley with energy storage assembly 001 operating, energy release assembly 002 is closed, which requires closing fourth control valve 18 and sixth control valve 27 associated with energy release assembly 002.
The seventh control valve 28 is opened and carbon dioxide from the gas reservoir enters the first temperature stabilizing assembly 003, i.e. the preheater 5, to be preheated to a set temperature. The carbon dioxide heated by heat absorption enters a compressor of the compression energy storage part to be compressed, and then the compressed carbon dioxide enters an energy storage heat exchanger of the compression energy storage part to exchange heat and cool, so that heat is transferred to a heat exchange medium from the cold storage tank 23.
If the temperature of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger is higher than the design working condition of the energy storage heat exchanger due to the variable working condition of the compressor of the current compression energy storage part or the heat exchange deterioration of the energy storage heat exchanger, the first control valve 12 and the second control valve 13 are opened, the third control valve 16 is closed, and thus, the carbon dioxide enters the second temperature stabilizing component 004 to be cooled to the design working condition by using low-temperature cooling water, and then enters the next compression energy storage part. If the carbon dioxide temperature at the outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger of the current compression energy storage part meets the design working condition requirement, the first control valve 12 and the second control valve 13 are closed, and the third control valve 16 is opened, so that the carbon dioxide directly enters the next compression energy storage part.
The compressor of the compression energy storage part of the last stage compresses carbon dioxide to the required energy storage pressure, high-pressure carbon dioxide then enters the energy storage heat exchanger of the compression energy storage part of the last stage to exchange heat and cool, heat is transferred to a heat exchange medium from the cold storage tank 23, then the primarily cooled carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide condenser 17 to be condensed into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is finally stored in the energy storage container 2 to finish the compression of a carbon dioxide working medium.
In the above-mentioned working process of the energy storage assembly 001, the heat exchange mediums inside the multiple energy storage portions absorb the heat from the compressed carbon dioxide, and the heat exchange mediums after heat absorption and temperature rising are stored in the heat storage tank 24, so as to complete the heat storage.
The gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention can expand and apply work to compressed carbon dioxide in the electricity consumption peak period (namely, the electricity consumption peak period), and comprises the following steps of.
When the power consumption is in the peak, the first control valve 12, the second control valve 13, the third control valve 16, the fifth control valve 26 and the seventh control valve 28 are closed, the fourth control valve 18 and the sixth control valve 27 are opened, and the energy release assembly 002 operates.
The liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 2 enters the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 to absorb heat and evaporate into gaseous carbon dioxide, for example, the heat released by the operation of the refrigerant condenser 7 in the hot water loop shown in fig. 6 is absorbed, the gaseous carbon dioxide is formed into gaseous carbon dioxide after absorbing heat and evaporating, the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the energy release heat exchanger (for example, the first energy release heat exchanger 21) of the turbine part of the first stage to exchange heat with part of heat exchange medium from the heat storage tank 24 to raise temperature, high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide is formed, the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the turbine of the turbine part of the first stage, for example, the first turbine 22 to expand and do work, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity, and medium-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide is formed.
Then, the medium-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide enters an energy release heat exchanger of the next-stage turbine part, for example, a second energy release heat exchanger 29, exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium from the rest of the heat storage tank 24 to raise the temperature, so as to form high-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide, the high-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide enters a turbine of the next-stage turbine part, for example, a second turbine 30 to continuously expand and apply work, and drive a generator to generate electricity, and finally, the carbon dioxide is subjected to the last-stage turbine part to form low-temperature and normal-pressure carbon dioxide.
Finally, the carbon dioxide with low temperature and normal pressure is stored in the gas storage 1 after being cooled by the carbon dioxide cooler 20, and expansion work of the carbon dioxide working medium is completed.
In the above working process of the energy release assembly 002, the heat exchange medium in the energy release heat exchanger of each stage turbine part releases the stored heat to increase the temperature before the expansion work of the gaseous carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the expansion work efficiency of the gaseous carbon dioxide, so that the heat exchange medium is continuously cooled to the target temperature through the energy storage medium cooler 25 after releasing heat and cooling, and finally stored in the cold storage tank 23, thereby completing the release of heat.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system for coping with variable working conditions, which stores energy by using low-valley power when electricity is used in low-valley and finishes energy release when electricity is used in high-peak, namely, the energy storage system can realize energy storage and release, works stably and flexibly, can meet different energy storage pressure requirements, further improves the application range of the energy storage system, ensures that the compressor operates under design working conditions, has high energy storage efficiency and can also reduce the electricity cost of users.
Particularly, by arranging the first temperature stabilizing component 003, namely the preheater 5, at the outlet of the gas storage 1, the temperature of carbon dioxide at the inlet of the compression energy storage part is kept constant, the compressor is ensured to run under the design working condition, and the energy storage efficiency and stability of the energy storage system are effectively improved.
Through the bypass second temperature stabilizing component 004 at multistage energy storage portion, utilize the carbon dioxide cooling of second temperature stabilizing component 004 with the temperature too high to the design operating mode, guarantee that the compressor homoenergetic of energy storage portion at each level can the design operating mode down operation, effectively avoid causing the influence to follow-up equipment because of the heat transfer of the energy storage portion of certain one-level worsens scheduling problem, further promoted energy storage system energy storage efficiency and stability.
Further, the heat released by the operation of the refrigerant condenser 7 in the hot water loop is introduced into the carbon dioxide evaporator 19, so that the energy storage efficiency and the energy utilization rate of the invention are effectively improved.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the air storage 1 and the energy storage container 2 are further defined as follows, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the air storage 1 is used for storing gaseous carbon dioxide, and the internal pressure and temperature of the air storage can be maintained within a certain range, so as to meet the energy storage requirement. Illustratively, the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide within the gas reservoir 1 may be close to ambient pressure, i.e. the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
In some examples, the temperature within the gas reservoir 1 is in the range of-40 ℃ to 70 ℃, for example-40 ℃, 0 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, etc., and the pressure difference between the gas pressure within the gas reservoir 1 and the outside atmosphere is less than 1000Pa.
In some examples, the gas storage 1 adopts a gas film gas storage, the volume of which can be changed, when carbon dioxide is filled, the volume of the gas storage 1 is increased, and when carbon dioxide flows out, the volume of the gas storage 1 is reduced, so that the pressure in the gas storage 1 is constant, that is, the gas storage 1 outputs carbon dioxide with constant pressure. The pressure inside the gas reservoir 1 is maintained within a certain range, and in the above analysis, it can be regarded as approximately a constant value.
It will be appreciated that in other implementations of embodiments of the invention, other variable volume containers may be used for the gas reservoir 1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage container 2 is used for storing liquid carbon dioxide or gas-liquid mixed carbon dioxide, and the energy storage container 2 is a liquid storage tank.
In some examples, the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage vessel 2, i.e. the liquid storage tank, is between 2MPa and 10MPa, illustratively, as selectable 2MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 7.2MPa, 7.5MPa, 8MPa, 10MPa, etc.
In some examples, the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage vessel 2, i.e. the liquid storage tank, may not exceed 50 ℃, in particular not exceed 30 ℃, for example between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃. Illustratively, the liquid carbon dioxide flows into the liquid storage tank at a temperature of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ such that the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank does not exceed 30 ℃ and the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank is prevented from becoming supercritical carbon dioxide.
In some examples, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage vessel 2, i.e. the liquid storage tank, is between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ and the pressure is between 7MPa and 7.5 MPa. Therefore, potential safety hazards caused by accidental rising of liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank and increase of pressure into supercritical carbon dioxide can be avoided, and the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system related to the embodiment of the invention is more suitable for being deployed in places with dense personnel, such as residential areas, schools, hospitals, stations, business centers and the like.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides an energy storage system control method which is applied to any gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system. The energy storage system control method comprises the following steps.
In the electricity consumption section, the energy storage assembly 001 is utilized to compress gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage 1 to form liquid carbon dioxide which is stored in the energy storage container 2.
At the electricity consumption peak section, the energy release assembly 002 is utilized to expand the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 2 to form gaseous carbon dioxide which is stored in the gas storage 1.
In the process of compressing the gaseous carbon dioxide, the first temperature stabilizing component 003 is utilized to regulate and control the temperature of the carbon dioxide entering the energy storage component 001, so that the energy storage component 001 operates under the design working condition.
In some examples, the energy storage system control method comprises the following steps based on the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system provided above.
(1) When in the valley with energy storage assembly 001 operating, energy release assembly 002 is closed, which requires closing fourth control valve 18 and sixth control valve 27 associated with energy release assembly 002.
The seventh control valve 28 is opened, and carbon dioxide from the gas storage enters the first temperature stabilizing component 003, namely the preheater 5, to be preheated to a set temperature, for example, compression heat generated by the energy storage component is utilized to supply heat to improve the heat utilization rate of heat generated by the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system. The carbon dioxide heated by heat absorption enters a compressor of the compression energy storage part to be compressed, and then the compressed carbon dioxide enters an energy storage heat exchanger of the compression energy storage part to exchange heat and cool, so that heat is transferred to a heat exchange medium from the cold storage tank 23.
If the temperature of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the compressor of the current compression energy storage part is higher than the design working condition due to the variable working condition of the compressor of the current compression energy storage part or the heat exchange deterioration of the energy storage heat exchanger, the first control valve 12 and the second control valve 13 are opened, the third control valve 16 is closed, so that the carbon dioxide enters the second temperature stabilizing component 004 to be cooled to the design working condition by using low-temperature cooling water, and then enters the next compression energy storage part. If the carbon dioxide temperature at the outlet of the energy storage heat exchanger of the current compression energy storage part meets the design working condition requirement, the first control valve 12 and the second control valve 13 are closed, and the third control valve 16 is opened, so that the carbon dioxide directly enters the next compression energy storage part.
The compressor of the compression energy storage part of the last stage compresses carbon dioxide to the required energy storage pressure, high-pressure carbon dioxide then enters the energy storage heat exchanger of the compression energy storage part of the last stage to exchange heat and cool, heat is transferred to a heat exchange medium from the cold storage tank 23, then the primarily cooled carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide condenser 17 to be condensed into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is finally stored in the energy storage container 2 to finish the compression of a carbon dioxide working medium.
In the above-mentioned working process of the energy storage assembly 001, the heat exchange mediums inside the multiple energy storage portions absorb the heat from the compressed carbon dioxide, and the heat exchange mediums after heat absorption and temperature rising are stored in the heat storage tank 24, so as to complete the heat storage.
(2) When the power consumption is in the peak, the first control valve 12, the second control valve 13, the third control valve 16, the fifth control valve 26 and the seventh control valve 28 are closed, the fourth control valve 18 and the sixth control valve 27 are opened, and the energy release assembly 002 operates.
The liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 2 enters the carbon dioxide evaporator 19 to exchange heat, the liquid carbon dioxide absorbs heat and evaporates to form gaseous carbon dioxide, the gaseous carbon dioxide enters an energy release heat exchanger (namely a first energy release heat exchanger 21) of a turbine part of a first stage and is subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise with part of heat exchange medium from the heat storage tank 24 to form high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide enters a turbine of a turbine part of the first stage, namely a first turbine 22 to expand and do work, and then the generator is driven to generate electricity, and the medium-temperature medium-pressure carbon dioxide is formed.
Then, the medium-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide enters an energy release heat exchanger of the next-stage turbine part, for example, a second energy release heat exchanger 29, exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium from the rest of the heat storage tank 24 to raise the temperature, so as to form high-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide, the high-temperature and medium-pressure carbon dioxide enters a turbine of the next-stage turbine part, for example, a second turbine 30 to continuously expand and apply work, and drive a generator to generate electricity, and finally, the carbon dioxide is subjected to the last-stage turbine part to form low-temperature and normal-pressure carbon dioxide.
Finally, the carbon dioxide with low temperature and normal pressure is stored in the gas storage 1 after being cooled by the carbon dioxide cooler 20, and expansion work of the carbon dioxide working medium is completed.
In the above working process of the energy release assembly 002, the heat exchange medium in the energy release heat exchanger of each stage turbine part releases the stored heat to expand and do work with gaseous carbon dioxide, so that the heat exchange medium is cooled to the target temperature through the energy storage medium cooler 25 after releasing heat and cooling, and finally stored in the cold storage tank 23, and the release of heat is completed.
In embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The foregoing description is only for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising: the device comprises a gas storage, an energy storage assembly, an energy storage container, an energy release assembly and a first temperature stabilizing assembly;
the gas storage, the energy storage assembly, the energy storage container and the energy release assembly are sequentially connected in a closed loop manner;
the first temperature stabilizing assembly is arranged on a carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the gas storage warehouse and the energy storage assembly, and is configured to regulate the temperature of carbon dioxide from the gas storage warehouse to be a set temperature and input the carbon dioxide with the set temperature to the energy storage assembly.
2. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage assembly comprises at least one compressed energy storage section, each comprising a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger connected in sequence along a flow direction of carbon dioxide.
3. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the energy storage assembly comprises at least two of the compressed energy storage sections, the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compressed energy storage section being connected to the compressor in the next adjacent compressed energy storage section;
the gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system further comprises a second temperature stabilizing component, wherein the second temperature stabilizing component is connected to a carbon dioxide energy storage passage between the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part and the next compressor in the compression energy storage part adjacent to the energy storage heat exchanger, and carbon dioxide output by the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part can flow into the second temperature stabilizing component and is output as carbon dioxide with a set temperature to enter the next compressor in the compression energy storage part.
4. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the first temperature stabilizing assembly comprises a preheater located upstream of the compressor of the first compression energy storage section.
5. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the second temperature stabilizing assembly comprises: and the carbon dioxide channel of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger is formed on a first compression passage section along the flow direction of carbon dioxide, wherein a first end and a second end of the first compression passage section are respectively connected with the energy storage heat exchanger in the current compression energy storage part and the compressor in the next compression energy storage part.
6. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the second temperature stabilizing assembly further comprises: the refrigerant system comprises a refrigerant compressor, a refrigerant condenser and a refrigerant expansion valve, wherein the refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor, the refrigerant condenser, the refrigerant expansion valve and the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger are sequentially connected end to form a refrigerant loop.
7. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the second temperature stabilizing assembly further comprises: a refrigerant compressor, a refrigerant condenser, a refrigerant expansion valve, and a refrigerant evaporator;
the refrigerant channels of the refrigerant compressor, the refrigerant condenser, the refrigerant expansion valve and the refrigerant evaporator are sequentially connected end to form a refrigerant loop;
the water channel of the refrigerant evaporator and the water channel of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger are sequentially connected end to form a cold water loop.
8. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 7, wherein the second temperature stabilizing assembly further comprises a first water tank, the water passage of the refrigerant evaporator, the first water tank and the water passage of the temperature stabilizing heat exchanger are connected end to end in sequence to form a cold water loop.
9. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the energy storage assembly further comprises: a second compression path segment;
the second compression path section is arranged in parallel with the first compression path section, a first merging end of the first compression path section and the second compression path section is connected to the energy storage heat exchanger in the compression energy storage part at present, and a second merging end of the first compression path section and the second compression path section is connected to the compressor in the next compression energy storage part.
10. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the energy release assembly comprises: a carbon dioxide evaporator and at least one turbine part which are sequentially arranged along the carbon dioxide expansion passage;
the turbine part comprises an energy release heat exchanger and a turbine which are sequentially connected along the flowing direction of the carbon dioxide.
11. The gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 10, wherein the gas-liquid phase change carbon dioxide energy storage system comprises a second temperature stabilizing assembly comprising a refrigerant condenser and a second water tank, wherein a water channel of the refrigerant condenser, the second water tank and a water channel of the carbon dioxide evaporator are sequentially connected end to form a hot water loop.
12. The gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system of claim 10, further comprising a heat exchange assembly comprising: a cold storage tank, a heat storage tank;
the first end of the cold storage tank and the first end of the heat storage tank are connected through a heat storage passage;
the second end of the heat storage tank and the second end of the cold storage tank are connected through a heat release passage;
the energy storage heat exchanger in the compression energy storage part is connected to a heat storage passage between the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank;
the energy release heat exchanger in the turbine part is connected to a heat release passage between the heat storage tank and the cold storage tank; the energy release heat exchanger is provided with a carbon dioxide channel communicated with the heat release passage and a heat source channel for heating carbon dioxide, and a heat exchange medium coming out of the heat source channel supplies heat for the preheater.
13. An energy storage system control method, characterized in that the energy storage system control method is applied to the gas-liquid phase-change carbon dioxide energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 12;
the energy storage system control method comprises the following steps:
in the electricity consumption section, compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage by using an energy storage component, condensing the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and storing the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container;
At the electricity consumption peak section, converting liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container into gaseous carbon dioxide by utilizing an energy release assembly, expanding and releasing energy, and storing the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage;
in the process of compressing the gaseous carbon dioxide, the first temperature stabilizing component is utilized to regulate and control the temperature of the carbon dioxide entering the energy storage component, so that the energy storage component operates under a design working condition.
CN202211515277.9A 2022-11-29 2022-11-29 Gas-liquid phase carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof Pending CN116221616A (en)

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CN116388405A (en) * 2023-06-07 2023-07-04 势加透博(河南)能源科技有限公司 System and method for integrating carbon dioxide seal and energy storage power generation
CN117704265A (en) * 2024-02-18 2024-03-15 中太(苏州)氢能源科技有限公司 Corrugated metal plate with cut-out and storage container

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN116388405A (en) * 2023-06-07 2023-07-04 势加透博(河南)能源科技有限公司 System and method for integrating carbon dioxide seal and energy storage power generation
CN116388405B (en) * 2023-06-07 2023-08-29 势加透博(河南)能源科技有限公司 System and method for integrating carbon dioxide seal and energy storage power generation
CN117704265A (en) * 2024-02-18 2024-03-15 中太(苏州)氢能源科技有限公司 Corrugated metal plate with cut-out and storage container
CN117704265B (en) * 2024-02-18 2024-04-30 中太(苏州)氢能源科技有限公司 Corrugated metal plate with cut-out and storage container

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