CN116219327A - Copper-based amorphous alloy, preparation method thereof, friction nano power generation assembly and friction nano power generator - Google Patents
Copper-based amorphous alloy, preparation method thereof, friction nano power generation assembly and friction nano power generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116219327A CN116219327A CN202310128783.0A CN202310128783A CN116219327A CN 116219327 A CN116219327 A CN 116219327A CN 202310128783 A CN202310128783 A CN 202310128783A CN 116219327 A CN116219327 A CN 116219327A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- friction
- amorphous alloy
- based amorphous
- friction nano
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/10—Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent
Abstract
The application discloses a copper-based amorphous alloy and a preparation method thereof, a friction nano power generation assembly and a friction nano power generator, wherein the copper-based amorphous alloy comprises a compound represented by a general formula (1), zr a Cu 1‑a‑b Al b (1) Wherein a, b,1-a-b represent mass percent respectively; a is selected from 45% -46.5% or 50% -51.6%, b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%, and 1-a-b is more than 0. The friction electrification efficiency of the copper-based amorphous alloy is high, and compared with the friction nano generator taking metallic copper as an electrode, the charge of the friction nano generator is higher by 35.2%, so that the friction nano generator realizes 15MW m ‑2 Is used for the instantaneous power density of the (c).
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of friction nano power generation, and particularly relates to a copper-based amorphous alloy, a preparation method, a friction nano power generation assembly and a friction nano power generator.
Background
Energy problems have been one of the hot issues of concern in human society, and as fossil energy is continuously consumed, development of green new energy has become increasingly urgent. The friction nano generator has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, simple structure, high flexibility, wide application range and the like, can be rapidly developed, can collect waste or neglected low-frequency mechanical energy in the environment to convert the low-frequency mechanical energy into electric energy, and achieves the aims of energy supply microminiaturization, durability and instantaneity so as to meet the demands of daily production and life of people. Friction materials in friction nano-generators generally include: insulating materials, semiconductor materials and metallic materials.
In the related art, the performance of taking copper as an electrode as a metal material cannot meet the requirement of technical development, and the improvement is still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a copper-based amorphous alloy and a preparation method thereof, a friction nano-power generating component and a friction nano-power generator, and aims to provide a material with higher energy conversion efficiency and higher conductive charge efficiency.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a copper-based amorphous alloy comprising a compound represented by the general formula (1),
Zr a Cu 1-a-b Al b (1)，
wherein a, b,1-a-b respectively represent mass percent;
a is selected from 45 to 46.5 percent or 50 to 51.6 percent,
b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%,
1-a-b＞0。
according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present application, the copper-based amorphous alloy satisfies any one of the following conditions:
a is 45-46.5%, b is 15-15.8%, and 1-a-b is 37.8-40%;
a is 45-46.5%, b is 20-20.4%, and the range of 1-a-b is 33.1-35%;
a is 50% -51.6%, b is 10% -10.4%, and the range of 1-a-b is 37.8% -40%.
According to an embodiment of an aspect of the present application, the copper-based amorphous alloy satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
the wear coefficient of the copper-based amorphous alloy is less than 0.1, and is optionally 0.05;
The atomic density of the copper-based amorphous alloy is 5.62×10 22 -5.9×10 22 Individual/cm 3 Optionally 5.5X10 22 -5.83×10 22 Individual/cm 3 ；
The friction coefficient of the copper-based amorphous alloy is less than 0.2;
the surface hardness of the copper-based amorphous alloy is 6-8GPa.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing the copper-based amorphous alloy of the first aspect, including:
providing a mixture of elemental zirconium, elemental copper and elemental aluminum,
wherein the mixture comprises, based on the total weight of the mixture: the mass percentage is a metal simple substance zirconium, 1-a-b metal simple substance copper and b metal simple substance aluminum, wherein a is selected from 45% -46.5% or 50% -51.6%, b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%, and 1-a-b is more than 0;
introducing inert gas under vacuum airtight condition to premelt the mixture so as to uniformly mix the mixture, melting the premelted mixture, and cooling to obtain the copper-based amorphous alloy.
According to an embodiment of an aspect of the present application, the method of preparation satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
pre-melting the mixture at least 5 times under a vacuum of 0.8 atm;
the premelting temperature is 1600-2000 ℃;
at a vacuum degree of 7X 10 -4 -8×10 -4 Melting the mixture premelted at least 5 times under Pa;
the melting temperature is 1600-2000 ℃.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a friction nano-generating assembly comprising:
a first friction layer;
the first conductive element is arranged below the first friction layer in a contact manner;
a second triboelectrically conductive element comprising at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy of the first aspect, the copper-based amorphous alloy produced by the production method of the second aspect;
in the absence of an external force, the first surface of the first friction layer is placed in opposing separation or contact with the second surface of the second friction conductive element;
under the action of external force, the first surface of the first friction layer and the second surface of the second friction conductive element are placed in contact and are rubbed relatively, and an electric signal is output to an external circuit through the first conductive element and the second friction conductive element.
According to an embodiment of an aspect of the present application, the first conductive element comprises at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy of the first aspect, the copper-based amorphous alloy produced by the production method of the second aspect.
According to an embodiment of an aspect of the present application, the first surface comprises at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, nylon 6, polycarbonate.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a friction nano-generator comprising the friction nano-generating assembly of the third aspect.
According to an embodiment of an aspect of the present application, the friction nano-generator is selected from any one of a vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator, a horizontal sliding mode friction nano-generator, and a transistor-like structure friction nano-generator.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
the copper-based amorphous alloy provided by the application is composed of zirconium, copper and aluminum in specific mass percent, on one hand, the copper-based amorphous alloy is used as a friction material, has the triboelectric characteristics that electrons are easy to lose, and has high triboelectrification efficiency because of loose interatomic structure and no grain boundary; in addition, the friction coefficient and the abrasion coefficient are low, so that the friction material is suitable for being used as a friction material, and charges can be generated by friction; on the other hand, the copper-based amorphous alloy is used as a conductive material, and is directly connected with the friction material, so that the copper-based amorphous alloy is homogeneous with part of the friction material, can better conduct charges generated by friction, and has high conductive efficiency; compared with the friction nano generator taking metal copper as an electrode, the charge of the friction nano generator is 35.2 percent higher, so that the friction nano generator realizes 15MW m -2 Is used for the instantaneous power density of the (c).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the appearance and elemental content of copper-based amorphous alloys of examples 1-3 of the present application;
FIG. 2 illustrates a process and characterization of the preparation of a ribbon copper-based amorphous alloy of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 illustrates performance of a vertical touch split mode friction nano-generator according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 illustrates the triboelectric charging efficiency of a horizontal slip mode friction nano-generator according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 illustrates vertical contact separation friction nano-generator electrical performance according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 illustrates the moisture resistance of copper and copper-based amorphous alloys of embodiments of the present application;
fig. 7 shows the performance of the friction nano-generator of the copper-based amorphous alloy of the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the application purposes, technical solutions and beneficial technical effects of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
For simplicity, only a few numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed in this application. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Furthermore, each point or individual value between the endpoints of the range is included within the range, although not explicitly recited. Thus, each point or individual value may be combined as a lower or upper limit on itself with any other point or individual value or with other lower or upper limit to form a range that is not explicitly recited.
In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, "above" and "below" are intended to include the present number, and the meaning of "multiple" in "one or more" means two or more.
The above summary of the present application is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present application. The following description more particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. Guidance is provided throughout this application by a series of embodiments, which may be used in various combinations. In the various examples, the list is merely a representative group and should not be construed as exhaustive.
In order to meet the increasing energy demand, various sustainable energy harvesting technologies such as solar cells, piezoelectric nano-generators, thermoelectric nano-generators, friction nano-generators, and the like have been developed in recent years. Among the above energy collectors, friction nano-generators are favored for their high output performance, widely available materials and flexible structural design.
Friction nano-generation is a process based on the coupling effect of friction electrification and electrostatic induction that can convert mechanical energy from the environment, such as wind energy, body motion, ocean waves, etc., into electrical energy. Through the power management circuit, the energy generated by the friction nano generator can be used for supplying power to commercial appliances, and a new solution is provided for the energy demand under the development of the Internet of things.
In order to effectively utilize mechanical energy in the environment, the large-scale, the productization and the industrialization of the friction nano generator are promoted, the development of a self-driven sensing system based on the Internet of things is promoted, and the energy output, the stability, the service life and the like are important to the friction nano generator.
In recent years, the output performance of the friction nano-generator is continuously improved by selecting materials related to friction nano-power generation, surface treatment, management circuits, structural design and other methods, but the stability, the service life and the like of the designed device still have problems, and other methods are required to be optimized.
For example, in tribo-nano power generation, triboelectrification between solid-solid interfaces, surface charge density is high. However, the high wear rate between solids results in limited device life, which has hampered the development of friction nano-generators.
It has been found that micro-nano structures of friction surfaces, such as electrospun nanofibers or pyramid arrays of lithography machines, are commonly used to enhance contact affinity and triboelectrification efficiency, but the presence of micro-nano structures may cause more severe friction and surface abrasion between interfaces, thereby affecting the output performance and stability of the device. Thus, there remains a need for improvements to, or other methods of, achieving high triboelectrification efficiency and low friction/wear devices.
It has been found that the output performance of tribo-nano power generation by solid-solid interface contact is highly susceptible to environmental factors. When the environmental humidity is higher, the power generation output performance is obviously reduced, and the application of the friction nano-generator in a severe environment is seriously hindered. Therefore, the interface material with relatively stable power generation output performance under wet conditions is provided.
In the related art, chemical functional groups, structural design and the like are introduced to the surface of the metal material by etching, so that the friction electrification output performance between solid-solid interfaces can be improved, but the mode requires very large mechanical force input to realize the tight contact of the interfaces, and further increases the friction and abrasion of the interfaces. Meanwhile, the large mechanical force requirement is difficult to realize through mechanical energy in the environment, so that the power generation output performance of the device cannot reach the expected effect in the actual application scene, and the commercialization and industrialization development of the friction nano-generator are hindered.
Based on the above, the inventors have made a great deal of research to provide a copper-based amorphous alloy, which has a high wear resistance coefficient, and has a high electrification efficiency and a high output performance in the friction electrification with a polymer; on the other hand, under the wet condition, the copper-based amorphous alloy has stable power generation output performance, has proper mechanical force requirement for realizing the tight contact of interfaces, and has normal force of 1N-10N generally; the friction electrification efficiency of the copper-based amorphous alloy and polymer friction is high, and high-efficiency electrification and electric conduction are realized.
Copper-based amorphous alloy
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a copper-based amorphous alloy comprising a compound represented by the general formula (1),
Zr a Cu 1-a-b Al b (1)，
wherein a, b,1-a-b respectively represent mass percent;
a is selected from 45 to 46.5 percent or 50 to 51.6 percent,
b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%,
1-a-b＞0。
according to the embodiment of the application, the copper-based amorphous alloy has a disordered atomic structure, shows higher surface charge density and is used as positive electric motor of a friction nano-generatorThe scratch layer exhibits excellent moisture resistance, and its output charge reaches almost the theoretical breakdown limit at high air pressure. In addition, the friction nano generator based on the amorphous alloy transistor-like structure realizes the output of ultra-high instantaneous power density, so that the output limit of the friction nano generator is ensured, the future application of the friction nano generator is widened, the current energy situation is improved, and the sustainable energy requirement under the development of the Internet of things is greatly met. Compared with copper, the amorphous alloy has better wear resistance, and the triboelectric charging efficiency is remarkably improved by 35.2 percent compared with the charge generation of a friction nano generator based on a copper electrode. Meanwhile, the friction nano generator based on amorphous alloy realizes 15MW m -2 Is used for the instantaneous power density of the (c).
According to the embodiment of the application, through methods such as computer software simulation and Ai intelligent calculation, and further experimental verification, the glass forming capability of the amorphous alloy can be well controlled by controlling the mass percentages of the elemental zirconium, the elemental copper and the elemental aluminum in the copper-based amorphous alloy, so that the amorphous alloy can be obtained. Glass forming ability refers to the ability of a liquid to avoid crystallization during cooling.
In order to improve the friction electrification efficiency, the related art is a solid-liquid friction nano generator based on various liquid materials and structures to realize high output performance. However, considering the properties of liquid materials, they are susceptible to the atmospheric environment (e.g., moisture may evaporate and liquid metal may be oxidized quickly), and it is difficult to maintain long-term stability, limiting their further range of applications. The copper-based amorphous alloy presented herein is therefore one that has a relatively lower interfacial surface charge density than a solid/solid interface, as compared to a liquid/solid interface. In addition, the copper-based amorphous alloy of the present application can ensure conditions of low friction and low wear similar to those of liquid, achieve high charge density, and stabilize output.
The triboelectric charging efficiency is used as a standard for quantitatively evaluating the actual charge generation capacity of the friction nano generator, and the mechanical input in the actual working process is considered when the electrical outputs of devices with different structures or working modes are compared. The specific definition is as follows:
wherein, κ is a standardized form of triboelectric charging efficiency; q (Q) SC Outputting short-circuit charge measured for experiments; a is the contact area of the friction nano power generation assembly; f (F) R Is the resistance, and is proportional to the mechanical energy wasted in the input process.
In some embodiments, the copper-based amorphous alloy satisfies any one of the following conditions:
a is 45-46.5%, b is 15-15.8%, and 1-a-b is 37.8-40%;
a is 45-46.5%, b is 20-20.4%, and the range of 1-a-b is 33.1-35%;
a is 50% -51.6%, b is 10% -10.4%, and the range of 1-a-b is 37.8% -40%.
In some embodiments, the atoms in the copper-based amorphous alloy are randomly disordered, as shown in fig. 1, and the interatoms are loosely structured, with a low atomic density, as shown in fig. 2e and f. The copper-based amorphous alloy has a low atomic density, and shows good hydrogen absorption capacity, so that the copper-based amorphous alloy has stable and excellent moisture resistance during power generation.
In some embodiments, the copper-based amorphous alloy includes: zr (Zr) 0.5 Cu 0.4 Al 0.1 、Zr 0.45 Cu 0.35 Al 0.2 And Zr (Zr) 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 。
In some embodiments, the copper-based amorphous alloy satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
the wear coefficient of the copper-based amorphous alloy is less than 0.1, and is optionally 0.05;
the atomic density of the copper-based amorphous alloy is 5.62×10 22 -5.9×10 22 Individual/cm 3 Optionally 5.5X10 22 -5.83×10 22 Individual/cm 3 ；
The friction coefficient of the copper-based amorphous alloy is less than 0.2;
the surface hardness of the copper-based amorphous alloy is 6-8GPa.
According to the embodiment of the application, compared with the simple metal copper, the atomic density of the copper-based amorphous alloy is lower, the abrasion coefficient is lower, the friction coefficient is lower, and the copper-based amorphous alloy is more abrasion-resistant and easier to rub to generate charges compared with copper as a friction material.
According to this embodiment, the abrasion coefficient can be measured by a sliding nanoindentation method, and the abrasion coefficient of elemental copper is 0.21 under the condition that the abrasion coefficient is measured by a nanoindentation instrument with a Berkovich probe, model Hysitron TI950 from Bruker company.
According to the embodiment, the atomic density can be obtained by adopting a traditional drainage method, removing the surface tension bubbles of the material by using absolute ethyl alcohol instead of aqueous solution, measuring the material density by matching with a precision balance, and finally calculating the molecular weight of each embodiment, wherein under the condition, the atomic density of the metallic elemental copper is 8.18 multiplied by 10 22 Individual/cm 3 。
According to this example, the friction coefficient can be measured by a dynamic friction test method, hysicron TI950 model instrument from Bruker, wherein the probe normal force is not more than 8mN, and then slides laterally, under which condition the friction coefficient of elemental copper metal is 0.42.
According to the embodiment, the surface hardness can be measured by a nanoindentation method by using a nanoindentation instrument with a Berkovich probe Hysicron TI950 model of Bruker company, and under the condition, the surface hardness of the metal elemental copper is about 2.5 GPa.
Preparation method of copper-based amorphous alloy
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing the copper-based amorphous alloy of the first aspect, including:
providing a mixture of elemental zirconium, elemental copper and elemental aluminum,
wherein the mixture comprises, based on the total weight of the mixture: the mass percentage is a metal simple substance zirconium, 1-a-b metal simple substance copper and b metal simple substance aluminum, wherein a is selected from 45% -46.5% or 50% -51.6%, b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%, and 1-a-b is more than 0;
introducing inert gas under vacuum airtight condition to premelt the mixture so as to uniformly mix the mixture, melting the premelted mixture, and cooling to obtain the copper-based amorphous alloy.
According to the embodiment of the application, the preparation method is simple to operate, industrial popularization is easy to realize, the friction electrification efficiency of the prepared copper-based amorphous alloy is high, and the output performance is stable in a wet environment.
According to the embodiment of the present application, the inert gas may be helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and is preferably argon in view of manufacturing costs.
In some embodiments, after melting, spinning is performed to obtain a ribbon copper-based amorphous alloy. As shown in figure 1 a.
In some embodiments, spinning may be performed by a single copper roll melt at a speed of 75 r/s.
In some embodiments, the copper-based amorphous alloy has a width of about 4-6mm, preferably 5mm, and a thickness of 50 μm to 70 μm. The thin tape of the above-mentioned dimensions can be produced by controlling the spinning speed and the like.
In some embodiments, the method of preparation satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
pre-melting the mixture at least 5 times under a vacuum of 0.8 atm;
the premelting temperature is 1600-2000 ℃;
at a vacuum degree of 7X 10 -4 -8×10 -4 Melting the mixture premelted at least 5 times under Pa;
the melting temperature is 1600-2000 ℃.
According to the embodiment of the application, the generation of the copper-based amorphous alloy is comprehensively controlled by controlling the premelting vacuum environment, premelting temperature, premelting times, melting vacuum environment and melting stability, so that the components of the copper-based amorphous alloy are uniformly mixed, the rearrangement of atoms is realized, the copper-based amorphous alloy has lower atomic density, and the efficient friction electrification is realized.
Friction nano power generation assembly
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a friction nano-generating assembly comprising:
a first friction layer;
the first conductive element is arranged below the first friction layer in a contact manner;
a second triboelectrically conductive element comprising at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy of the first aspect, the copper-based amorphous alloy produced by the production method of the second aspect;
in the absence of an external force, the first surface of the first friction layer is placed in opposing separation or contact with the second surface of the second friction conductive element;
under the action of external force, the first surface of the first friction layer and the second surface of the second friction conductive element are placed in contact and are rubbed relatively, and an electric signal is output to an external circuit through the first conductive element and the second friction conductive element.
According to the embodiment of the application, the second friction conductive element in the friction nano power generation assembly is formed by at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy in the first aspect and the copper-based amorphous alloy prepared by the preparation method in the second aspect, and can realize higher friction electrification efficiency and stably output an electric signal in a high humidity environment during friction power generation. In some embodiments, the first surface of the first friction layer and the second surface of the second friction conductive element are placed in contact and rubbed against each other under the influence of an external force to change the friction area and output an electrical signal to an external circuit through the first conductive element and the second friction conductive element.
In some embodiments, the first conductive element comprises at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy of the first aspect, the copper-based amorphous alloy made by the method of making of the second aspect.
In some embodiments, the first surface comprises at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, nylon 6, polycarbonate.
In the embodiment of the application, the first surface containing the polymer can be contacted and rubbed with the copper-based amorphous alloy of the application, so that higher friction electrification efficiency is realized.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a friction nano-generator comprising the friction nano-generating assembly of the third aspect.
In some embodiments, the friction nano-generator is selected from any one of a vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator, a horizontal slip mode friction nano-generator, and a transistor-like structure friction nano-generator.
The present application also provides a self-powered sensing system comprising the friction nano-generating assembly of the third aspect. The self-powered sensing system combines the advantages of the above copper-based amorphous alloy such as excellent electrical properties, such as moisture resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance of the material, high friction electrification efficiency and ultrahigh instantaneous power output as a friction material of the self-powered sensing system, and the like, and has great potential in the application of the self-powered sensing system. Through multiple working modes, such as a vertical contact separation mode, a horizontal sliding mode or a free layer mode, the device can be used as an energy collector for collecting various environmental energies, such as wind energy, mechanical energy, biological kinetic energy, even ocean energy and the like, and can be used as a rear-end sensing component through matching with an energy management circuit to realize the receiving, transmitting and transmitting of various signals (including vibration detection, mechanical detection, touch detection and the like) and finally realize a battery-free self-driven sensing device. In addition, by means of high friction electrification efficiency and sensitive mechanical response of the copper-based amorphous alloy, mechanical sensors such as stress strain, contact sensing and the like can be realized by utilizing a friction nano generator of the amorphous alloy through structural design.
Examples
The following examples more particularly describe the disclosure of the present application, which are intended as illustrative only, since numerous modifications and variations within the scope of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the examples below are by weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or were obtained synthetically according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, as well as the instruments used in the examples.
Examples 1 to 3
Preparation of copper-based amorphous alloy: pure metals zirconium (Zr), copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) having purities higher than 99.95%, respectively, were mixed in proportions as shown in table 1,
premelting was performed using a laboratory self-assembled arc melting furnace: evacuating the melting furnace to 8X 10 -4 Pa, then a vacuum is broken with argon (Ar) to 0.8atm. Pre-melting the mixed metal into ingots at the temperature of 1600-2000 ℃, pre-melting for at least five times, and completely absorbing residual oxygen in the cavity by utilizing the high-temperature reaction of titanium and oxygen to avoid sample oxidation by applying the melted titanium ingots to obtain alloy titanium.
Melting: the alloy ingot is subjected to vacuum degree of 8 multiplied by 10 -4 Melting in a laboratory self-assembled induction melting furnace under Pa at 1600-2000 ℃, and then preparing the thin-strip copper-based amorphous alloy through single copper roller melt spinning with the rotating speed of 75 r/s. A thin strip with a width of 5mm and a thickness of 40 μm was produced.
TABLE 1
Example 4
Preparation of vertical contact separation mode friction nano generator
A first friction layer; the first conductive element is arranged below the first friction layer in a contact manner;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP or F46) from DuPont as the first friction layer, 50 μm thick; is connected with the metal copper as a first conductive element; the metal copper is used as an induction electrode and prepared by an electron beam evaporation method, and the thickness of the electrode is 200nm. The connected first friction layer and first conductive member are adhered to the PET base material using polyimide (polyimide) double sided tape. In order to ensure the surface to be smooth, the side material is adhered to the ceramic plate by polyimide double-sided adhesive, and finally fixed on one side of the linear motor.
A second friction conductive element, wherein the thin strip samples of the untreated examples 1-3 are respectively directly adhered on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with the thickness of 100 mu m, and the copper-based amorphous alloy thin strip samples of the examples 1-3 are used as electrodes; as shown in the block diagrams of fig. 2a and 3 a.
The second frictional conductive member and the first frictional layer were rubbed against each other, the effective contact area was 5mm wide by 18mm long and an electric signal was output to an external circuit through copper and the electrode of the copper-based amorphous alloy of examples 1 to 3, respectively.
Example 5
Preparation of a horizontal sliding mode friction nano generator:
a first friction layer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) from DuPont; the first conductive element is arranged below the first friction layer in a contact manner; one side of PTFE is fixed on the linear electrode. The material of the first conductive element is metallic copper.
The second friction conductive element, which comprises the copper-based amorphous alloy prepared in examples 1-3 as an electrode, was stuck on the PET surface as an electropositive friction layer by polyimide double sided tape, and then was fixed on the lift table surface, and the initial height (0 unit) was marked by adjusting the lift table height, thereby achieving the initial conductive condition between the two surfaces. The unit height is defined as a grid of elevator control wheels, 1 unit height being about 0.2mm.
The second friction conductive element and the first friction layer were rubbed against each other, and an electric signal was output to an external circuit through the electrode composed of copper and the copper-based amorphous alloy of example 1, respectively.
Example 6
Preparation of a transistor-like structure friction nano generator: to prevent damage to the slider surface, the sharp sides and burrs of the copper-based amorphous alloy samples of examples 1-3 were sanded flat. The three strips of any of examples 1-3 were closely arranged side by side to form an electrode with a width of 15mm, and a narrow copper strip was used at the bottom to ensure conductivity between the three samples. A layer of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 2mm thick was placed on the bottom of the 15mm electrode as a soft substrate. Then, a single-sided polyimide tape was attached to Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to smooth the surface. Finally, two amorphous alloy electrodes having dimensions of 15mm×25mm were stuck on the substrate with a spacing of 5mm therebetween. Two structure switches with the height of 1mm are stuck on the upper side of the substrate and are close to the upper edge of the electrode. The first friction layer was composed of a friction material of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) slider, from dupont, with an inductive electrode on the back of the first friction layer, composed of a conductive fiber material. And one side of the induction electrode is exposed to be used as a part of the structure switch, so that an automatic switch structure in the periodic sliding process is realized. The structure of the whole device is shown in fig. 6 e. The bottom of the first friction layer retained a layer of foam tape 2mm thick to increase contact affinity. Before measurement, the working displacement is identified by contacting switches on two sides with the aid of a linear motor position sensor, and the pre-tightening height of the electrode and the sliding block is controlled by a rotating wheel of the lifting platform.
Test part
1) Morphology observation and composition analysis of copper-based amorphous alloy
Observing the morphology of the copper-based amorphous alloy of the embodiment 1-3 and observing by using a scanning electron microscope of the model Quanta 450 of FEI company to obtain the graph 1, wherein in the graph 1, the first line is the copper-based amorphous alloy of the embodiment 1, the first graph in the first line is an appearance morphology graph, and the other graphs are scanning electron microscope graphs; the second row is the copper-based amorphous alloy of example 2, the first plot in the second row is the appearance map, the others are the scanning electron microscope maps; the third row is the copper-based amorphous alloy of example 3, the first plot in the third row is the appearance map, the others are the scanning electron microscope maps.
The copper-based amorphous alloy of examples 1 to 3 was subjected to elemental content analysis by using a cold field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) model Quanta 450 microscope of FEI company, and the obtained results were consistent with the results of the metal simple substance added during the preparation.
2) Mechanical property test
The folding modulus and hardness of the copper-based amorphous alloys of examples 1-3 were measured according to the 2011 of Oliver et al on instrument indentation method by indentation model, using Hysicron TI950 nanoindentation system with Berkovich tip for folding modulus and hardness measurements; the specific method comprises the steps of taking 9 indentations as a group, loading 8mN pressure on a Berkovich tip, analyzing the indentations generated by the tip on the surface of a material, and performing accounting by a quality standard method.
Abrasion test of the copper-based amorphous alloy of examples 1-3 was performed by a scratch model with a Hysicron TI950 nanoindentation system with Berkovich probe, controlling the probe sliding speed to 2.5 μm/s, applying a constant normal force of 60mN over a length of 100 μm. Then, for each sample subjected to the scratch test, the morphology of the scratch was observed by SEM, and the surface profile was measured along the scratch trajectory by an optical surface profiler, and the abrasion material quality was quantified to obtain the abrasion coefficient.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 2h-j, which illustrate that the copper-based amorphous alloy has higher surface hardness but lower reduction modulus and lower coefficient of friction than normal copper metal, and the copper-based amorphous alloy only requires a normal force input (f=μn) of less than 50% at the same friction input. Furthermore, copper-based amorphous alloys have a wear coefficient less than half that of normal copper metal under the same operating conditions, with the lowest wear coefficient being only about 25% of copper.
FIG. 2. Process for the preparation and characterization of a ribbon copper-based amorphous alloy. (a) a process for producing a copper-based amorphous alloy ribbon. (b) Zr (Zr) 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 ，(c)Zr 0.45 Cu 0.35 Al 0.2 And (d) Zr 0.5 Cu 0.4 Al 0.1 X-ray diffraction pattern of (c). (e) density and molecular weight, (f) atomic density of the different amorphous alloy samples and copper. (g) Zr (Zr) 45 Cu 40 Al 15 Examples of optical surface profiler images of (top) and Cu scratches. Samples of different amorphous alloys and copper (h) reduced modulus and hardness, (i)) Coefficient of friction and (j) wear resistance. Here, the 1 surface is a high gloss surface (a main friction surface in the experiment) of an amorphous alloy, and the 2 surface is a matte surface. Errors are from standard deviation of the replicates.
3) Vertical contact separation mode friction nano power generation efficiency measurement
When the triboelectric charging efficiency is tested, the PET back soft substrate is a silica gel sponge tape with the thickness of about 3 mm. The second friction layer, namely one side of the copper-based amorphous alloy is fixed, and the first friction layer is fixed on the linear motor. Before measurement, when the linear motor is closed, the friction layers at two sides are adjusted to be just contacted, and displacement under the initial contact condition is recorded based on a position sensor of the linear motor. And then the displacement difference between the over contact and the initial contact is used as overload displacement, and the overload displacement is controlled by a linear motor. It should be noted that: the overload displacement is not equal to the deformation, reflecting only the vertical load, where a larger overload displacement represents a larger load.
In order to avoid the severe impact in the contact process under the condition of large overload displacement, the acceleration and the speed of the linear motor are respectively controlled to be 0.1 m.s -2 And 0.1 m.s -2 The movement frequency is about 0.4 Hz. Before measurement, the tribo layer surface charge was removed with 99.97% ethanol. The electrical output of the pure contact electrification effect was then relied upon when recording the periodic contact separation movement. The experimental platform is shown in figures 3 a-b. Short circuit charge (Q) of device SC ) And open circuit voltage (V) OC ) Recorded by Keithley 6514 ammeter.
The results shown in fig. 3 were obtained. Performance evaluation performance (a) of the vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator in fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator device. (b) A vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator physical photograph is shown. Based on (c) Zr 0.45 Cu 0.35 Al 0.2 (5mm×15mm)，(d)Zr 0.5 Cu 0.4 Al 0.1 (5 mm. Times.17 mm) and (e) Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 (5 mm x 15 mm) vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator voltage (up) and charge (down) output, wherein the negative friction layer is FEP film. (f) Relationship between open circuit voltage and overload displacement of different samples. (j) The relationship of device surface charge density to overdrive displacement based on different electrode materials under soft and (k) hard substrates. The results shown in FIG. 3 illustrate that the copper-based amorphous alloys of examples 1-3 of the present application have higher voltages at different overload displacements than copper; with higher surface charge densities at different overload displacements and at different substrates.
4) Electric performance test of horizontal sliding mode friction nano generator
The adjustment of different units by means of the lifting table control wheel adjusts the height of the lifting table pre-tightening to measure the short-circuit charges (Q) at different heights under the periodic sliding movement SC ) And open circuit voltage (V) OC ) Finally, the relationship between the triboelectrification efficiency and the lift table pre-tightening height is obtained, as shown in fig. 4.
To obtain the relationship between triboelectrification efficiency and vertical load, the lift height was fixed at 2 units (determined by the lift wheels, one turn of the wheels was 16 units, each unit was about 0.2mm in height, and the friction surface was just contacted at 0 units), the vertical load was changed by a weight, and then the electrical output under the corresponding load was tested.
The first friction layer, i.e., polytetrafluoroethylene layer, was surface charge removed with 99.97% ethanol prior to measurement, and then Q was recorded using a Keithley 6514 ammeter SC And V OC . The results are shown in FIG. 4.
The relationship of the horizontal slip mode friction nano-generator surface charge density to (a) vertical force and (b) lift height is shown in fig. 4. (c) Friction electrification efficiency of vertical contact separation mode friction nano generator under soft base
With overload displacement (d) e ) The relationship of (3) illustrates that the copper-based amorphous alloys of examples 1-3 have better triboelectric charging efficiency than metallic copper at different overload displacements. (d) Under the hard substrate, the vertical contact separation mode friction nano generator +. >
And d e Is a relation of (1)-3 the triboelectric charging efficiency of the copper-based amorphous alloy is better than that of metallic copper at different overload displacements. The relationship between the friction electrification efficiency and the vertical force of the horizontal sliding mode friction nano generator (e) and the relationship between the friction electrification efficiency and the pre-tightening height of the lifting platform (f) show Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 Compared with metal copper under different vertical force and lifting table height, the friction electrification efficiency is higher. The schematic structural diagram in fig. a is shown in the inset in fig. 3 (a).
5) Surface charge density
The surface charge density measurements were performed on the vertical contact separation friction nano-generator of example 4 using different polymers with the copper-based amorphous alloy or copper of example 1, as shown in fig. 5. (a) The surface charge densities of the vertical contact separation friction nano-generators of different friction pairs are compared, and the figures are respectively photographs of devices on the high polymer side and the electrode side. The electrode dimensions were 5mm by 22mm. (b) The charge output of the copper-based amorphous alloy/FEP pair (up) and copper-based amorphous alloy/PC pair (down). It is illustrated that the surface charge density is different using different polymers for friction with copper-based amorphous alloys, wherein the surface charge density effect of copper-based amorphous alloy/FEP is optimal. Wherein FEP is from DuPont; PTFE is from DuPont; polyimide (polyimide) film 6 is from Ming's company; nylon-6 is available from crown molding company.
6) Moisture resistance test
As shown in fig. 6 a, the friction nano generator of the vertical contact separation mode was placed in a sealed acrylic tank and a hygrometer was provided to reflect the real-time humidity of the experimental system. The electrode side of the device is attached to the wall of the box body, and one side of the polymer friction layer is fixed at one end of the rocker and driven by the micro motor. The conductive cylinder is reserved on the acrylic shell and used for wiring, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the friction power generation assembly and the power supply wire of the crank connecting rod motor are led out through the conductive cylinder of the acrylic box body. The motor wires are then connected to a power supply and the positive and negative poles of the friction generating assembly are connected 6514 to the probe to check the output.
Firstly, the molecular sieve is dried in an oven at 70 ℃, then placed in an experimental box, dried in air,realizing a low humidity environment. Prior to measurement, the tribo layer surface charge and dust was removed with 99.97% ethanol. Initial surface charge is then introduced using surface relative sliding. When the system humidity has been reduced to a minimum (about 20%), the test of the electrical signal is started. After each measurement, the two surfaces are kept in contact, then the humidity of the experimental system is enhanced by mist spraying, and after the humidity is stable, Q is recorded SC ，Q SC The value at which it is substantially stable is regarded as the surface charge at different humidities. Q (Q) SC Recorded by Keithley 6514 ammeter.
FIG. 6 shows the results of the wet fastness test. (a) physical platform photographs of the experiment. (b) A copper/FEP pair and (c) a copper/PC pair at different relative humidities. (d) Zr (Zr) 0.5 Cu 0.4 Al 0.1 FEP pair, (e) Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 FEP pair and (f) Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 The pair/PC is the relative surface charge at different relative humidities. Unlike copper-to-FEP friction devices, copper-based amorphous alloys are rubbed with FEP, including Zr 0.5 Cu 0.4 Al 0.1 FEP and Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 The surface charge of the/FEP devices tends to stabilize with increasing relative humidity. In particular Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 The surface charge of the FEP device is still maintained above 80% when the relative humidity exceeds 80%. The results show that when the amorphous alloy is used as the positive surface of the friction nano-generator, the amorphous alloy has higher charge generation capacity, and also has excellent performance in moisture resistance, so that the application range of the amorphous alloy under severe environment is greatly widened, and the friction nano-generator based on the amorphous alloy material can be used under high humidity.
7) Air pressure test
In order to enhance the contact tightness, the deformation of the foam tape under different air pressures was reduced, and the soft substrate in the air pressure test was a 1mm thick sponge tape. The air pressure experimental platform is shown in fig. 7a, and the high-pressure state is realized by using a reaction kettle with a pressure gauge. Carbon dioxide was injected into the reactor during the experiment to increase the gas pressure. A miniature step is arranged in the reaction kettle And a motor is driven to drive the device, and the miniature motor can realize vertical reciprocating motion through a controller. One end of the controller is placed outside the reaction kettle through a wiring, and sealing is realized through a reaction kettle sealing gasket and a flange. Example 4 vertical contact separation mode nano-triboelectric generator was measured, wherein the electrode materials were copper-based amorphous alloy and copper of example 1, respectively, and rubbed with FEP film. One side of the electrode (copper or copper-based amorphous alloy) is fixed at the bottom of the reaction kettle, the PTFE layer is fixed on the miniature stepping motor, leads of the anode and the cathode of the device are led out of the reaction kettle, and then Keithley 6514 is connected to test electrical output. The working displacement of the miniature motor sliding block is 1.5cm, and the reciprocating contact separation movement is controlled by a manual mode of the controller. The area of the electrode is 5mm multiplied by 18mm, and the electrode materials are Zr respectively 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 And copper.
Firstly, recording the electrical output under the atmospheric pressure, and then charging CO by utilizing an air inlet of a reaction kettle 2 Then the air pressure is slowly increased, and Q under different air pressures is measured SC Is a variation of (c). The output charge based on amorphous alloy devices at high gas pressures approaches the theoretical breakdown limit (calculated by paschen's law).
Fig. 7 is an example of an application of a friction nano-generator based on copper-based amorphous alloy. (a) And (5) rubbing the photos of the experiment device of the nano generator under high air pressure. Charge output of (b) copper/PTFE pairs and (c) MG/PTFE pairs at different gas pressures. (d) The surface charge densities at different carbon dioxide pressures are summarized and compared to theoretical lines. Compared with copper, the friction nano generator based on amorphous alloy has the advantages that the charge density is improved by 35.2%, and the surface charge density exceeds 340 mu C m at 2 atmospheres -2 As shown in fig. 7d, the amorphous alloy is shown to have the ability to push the output limit of the friction nano-generator. Therefore, the amorphous alloy is used as a friction material of the friction nano generator, and can be combined with high-pressure encapsulation to collect various environmental energies, such as wind energy, object vibration, ocean energy and the like, so as to improve energy output.
8) Transistor-like structure friction nano generator electric performance experiment
The height of the lift table of example 6 was fixed at 0.6mm (3 units), each unit being 0.2mm. The high frequency current at different resistances is calculated from the voltage across the resistance, which is measured by a Keysight DSOX2014A oscilloscope.
In fig. 7, the (e) transistor-like friction nano-generator device and electrical wiring photograph. (f) The driven LED photo, the bright spot of the electric appliance is still visible under natural light, the ultra-high power output of the device under the low mechanical input requirement is proved, and the excellent friction electrification efficiency is reflected. By utilizing the structure and the materials, the friction nano generator can be miniaturized, produced and packaged to serve as sustainable energy source for commercial electrical appliance. (g) Q of transistor-like structure friction nano generator device SC (upper) and V OC (below). (h) current output of the device at a resistance of 1kΩ. The peak current and peak power of (i) the peak current density and peak power density of (j) the device at different load resistances. The amorphous alloy sample is Zr 0.45 Cu 0.4 Al 0.15 The scale bar is 1cm. (k) The motor of this embodiment is compared with other operating peak power densities in this operating state. Under a tiny vertical acting force, a small device with the electrode size of only 1.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm successfully drives a 9W commercial LED and 200 LEDs connected in series, and the transistor-like structure friction nano generator realizes the instantaneous power density of 15MW m by adopting a copper-based amorphous alloy as a friction interface -2 The performance of the new record is far beyond that of the previous design.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A copper-based amorphous alloy comprising a compound represented by the general formula (1),
Zr a Cu 1-a-b Al b (1)，
wherein a, b,1-a-b respectively represent mass percent;
a is selected from 45 to 46.5 percent or 50 to 51.6 percent,
b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%,
1-a-b＞0。
2. The copper-based amorphous alloy according to claim 1, wherein the copper-based amorphous alloy satisfies any one of the following conditions:
a is 45-46.5%, b is 15-15.8%, and 1-a-b is 37.8-40%;
a is 45-46.5%, b is 20-20.4%, and the range of 1-a-b is 33.1-35%;
a is 50% -51.6%, b is 10% -10.4%, and the range of 1-a-b is 37.8% -40%.
3. The copper-based amorphous alloy according to claim 1, wherein the copper-based amorphous alloy satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
the wear coefficient of the copper-based amorphous alloy is less than 0.1, and can be selected to be 0.05;
the atomic density of the copper-based amorphous alloy is 5.62X10 22 -5.9×10 22 Individual/cm 3 Optionally 5.5X10 22 -5.83×10 22 Individual/cm 3 ；
The friction coefficient of the copper-based amorphous alloy is less than 0.2;
the surface hardness of the copper-based amorphous alloy is 6-8GPa.
4. A method for preparing a copper-based amorphous alloy, comprising:
providing a mixture of elemental zirconium, elemental copper and elemental aluminum,
wherein the mixture comprises, based on the total weight of the mixture: the mass percentage is a metal simple substance zirconium, the mass percentage is 1-a-b, the metal simple substance copper and the mass percentage is b, the metal simple substance aluminum, a is selected from 45% -46.5% or 50% -51.6%, b is selected from 10% -10.4%, 15% -15.8% or 20% -20.4%, and 1-a-b is more than 0;
Introducing inert gas under vacuum airtight condition to premelt the mixture so as to uniformly mix the mixture, melting the premelted mixture, and cooling to obtain the copper-based amorphous alloy.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method of preparing at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
premelting the mixture at least 5 times under a vacuum of 0.8 atm;
the premelting temperature is 1600-2000 ℃;
at a vacuum degree of 7X 10 -4 -8×10 -4 Melting the mixture premelted at least 5 times under Pa;
the melting temperature is 1600-2000 ℃.
6. A friction nano-generating assembly comprising:
a first friction layer;
a first conductive element disposed in contact under the first friction layer;
a second friction conductive member comprising at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the copper-based amorphous alloy produced by the production method according to claim 4 or 5;
in the absence of an external force, the first surface of the first friction layer is placed in opposing separation or contact with the second surface of the second friction conductive element;
under the action of external force, the first surface of the first friction layer and the second surface of the second friction conductive element are placed in contact and are rubbed relatively, and an electric signal is output to an external circuit through the first conductive element and the second friction conductive element.
7. The friction nano power generating assembly according to claim 6, wherein,
the first conductive element comprises at least one of the copper-based amorphous alloy of any one of claims 1 to 3, the copper-based amorphous alloy produced by the production method of claim 4 or 5.
8. The friction nano-generating assembly according to claim 6, wherein said first surface comprises at least one of fluorinated ethylene propylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, nylon 6, polycarbonate.
9. A friction nano-generator comprising the friction nano-generating assembly according to any one of claims 6-8.
10. The friction nano generator of claim 9, wherein the friction nano generator is selected from any one of a vertical contact separation mode friction nano generator, a horizontal sliding mode friction nano generator, and a transistor-like structure friction nano generator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310128783.0A CN116219327A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Copper-based amorphous alloy, preparation method thereof, friction nano power generation assembly and friction nano power generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310128783.0A CN116219327A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Copper-based amorphous alloy, preparation method thereof, friction nano power generation assembly and friction nano power generator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116219327A true CN116219327A (en) | 2023-06-06 |
Family
ID=86572604
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310128783.0A Pending CN116219327A (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Copper-based amorphous alloy, preparation method thereof, friction nano power generation assembly and friction nano power generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116219327A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-02-15 CN CN202310128783.0A patent/CN116219327A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103368452B (en) | Electrostatic pulse generator and DC pulse generator | |
| KR101242986B1 (en) | Metal separator for fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same | |
| CN109613070B (en) | Ammonia gas sensor based on two-dimensional MXene/SnO2 heterojunction, preparation process and application | |
| US20170117537A1 (en) | Silicon-Based Anode and Method for Manufacturing the Same | |
| Zhao et al. | High-performance and long-cycle life of triboelectric nanogenerator using PVC/MoS2 composite membranes for wind energy scavenging application | |
| CN111446882B (en) | Composite flexible carbon gel electrode for friction generator and preparation method thereof | |
| Gregori et al. | The interrelation between adhesion, contact creep, and roughness on the life of gold contacts in radio-frequency microswitches | |
| US7361430B1 (en) | Carbon nanotube-polymer composite actuators | |
| CN109269976B (en) | Measuring device and measuring method for measuring friction force between solid-liquid interfaces in electric field | |
| CN103368446A (en) | Electrostatic generator, manufacturing method thereof and self-driven sensing system | |
| Zhang et al. | Liquid-based nanogenerator fabricated by a self-assembled fluoroalkyl monolayer with high charge density for energy harvesting | |
| CN116219327A (en) | Copper-based amorphous alloy, preparation method thereof, friction nano power generation assembly and friction nano power generator | |
| CN105958858A (en) | Double-layer wave-shaped hybrid nanometer generator | |
| Yang et al. | Graphene nanosheets enhanced triboelectric output performances of PTFE films | |
| JP2008252958A (en) | Actuator and electrode for use in the actuator | |
| Huang et al. | Fluorinated graphite paper used for self-powered water speed sensors by immersion-type tribovoltaic effect-dominated triboelectric nanogenerators | |
| Liu et al. | Influence of humidity on endurance of electrical contact during fretting wear | |
| Hanani et al. | The benefits of combining 1D and 3D nanofillers in a piezocomposite nanogenerator for biomechanical energy harvesting | |
| Lin et al. | Triboelectric nanogenerator-based anodic bonding of silicon to glass with an intermediate aluminum layer | |
| Chang et al. | Quantum mechanically guided design of amorphous Si–Al–M (M= 3d metals) anodes for Li ion batteries | |
| AU2021104304A4 (en) | An electronic-ionic polymer sensor for voltage generation | |
| Li et al. | Fabrication and performance test of biodegradable supercapacitor | |
| JP7086414B2 (en) | Friction power generator | |
| Gözübenli | Nano-templated films from waste optical discs for self-powered biosensor application and environmental surveillance | |
| Ye et al. | Comprehensive Experiments for Materials Science and Engineering |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication |