CN116218277B - Insulating coating for shaft or bearing, motor for new energy automobile and preparation method of insulating coating - Google Patents
Insulating coating for shaft or bearing, motor for new energy automobile and preparation method of insulating coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN116218277B CN116218277B CN202310066645.4A CN202310066645A CN116218277B CN 116218277 B CN116218277 B CN 116218277B CN 202310066645 A CN202310066645 A CN 202310066645A CN 116218277 B CN116218277 B CN 116218277B
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- resistant layer
- insulating coating
- bearing
- shaft
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 165
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
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- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/582—No clear coat specified all layers being cured or baked together
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C09D161/16—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of ketones with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/03—Powdery paints
- C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B05D2401/00—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
- B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
- B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The application discloses an insulating coating for a shaft or a bearing, the bearing, a motor for a new energy automobile and a preparation method of the insulating coating, and belongs to the technical field of insulating protection of the shaft or the bearing. The insulating coating comprises at least two coatings which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the shaft or the bearing, and functional materials are added into at least one coating, wherein the functional materials are at least one selected from mica flakes, nano particles and hollow microspheres. The insulating coating can effectively eliminate the galvanic corrosion effect of the shaft, and prolong the safe service life of the shaft or the bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to an insulating coating for a shaft or a bearing, the bearing, a motor for a new energy automobile and a preparation method of the insulating coating, and belongs to the technical field of insulating protection of the shaft or the bearing.
Background
The new energy driving motor adopts PWM frequency conversion control, and a motor end generates common-mode voltage. On one hand, due to the parasitic driving capacitance, capacitive induced voltages are generated at two ends of the bearing; on the other hand, a common mode voltage with higher dv/dt generates a common mode current, and also generates an induced voltage across the shaft. The shaft is a cylindrical object penetrating through the middle of the bearing or the middle of the wheel or the middle of the gear, the induced voltage at the two ends of the bearing can be inevitably transmitted to the shaft, and when the voltage value at the two ends of the bearing is larger than the breakdown voltage of an oil film, breakdown discharge is generated, so that the shaft and the bearing are corroded electrically.
With the rise of the platform voltage of an electric drive system and the frequency of SiC power devices, the voltage of an industrial mode is also increased, so that the problem of electric corrosion of shafts and bearings is more serious, and therefore, the development of an insulating coating capable of effectively protecting the shafts and the bearings is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, an insulating coating for a shaft or a bearing is provided, the insulating coating comprises at least two coatings which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the shaft or the bearing, functional materials are added into at least one coating, and the insulating coating can effectively eliminate the galvanic corrosion action of the shaft and prolong the safe service life of the shaft or the bearing.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an insulating coating for a shaft or bearing, the insulating coating comprising at least two coatings sequentially disposed on a surface of the shaft or bearing, at least one of the coatings having added thereto a functional material selected from at least one of mica flakes, nanoparticles and hollow microspheres.
At least two coatings can protect the surface of the shaft or the bearing, and the addition of the functional materials can effectively eliminate the galvanic corrosion action of the shaft and improve the corrosion resistance of the shaft or the bearing.
Optionally, the insulating coating comprises a high adhesion layer, a high temperature resistant layer, a corona resistant layer, a high partial discharge initiation voltage layer and a lubricating wear resistant layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the shaft or the bearing.
According to the high-temperature-resistant polymer powder coating with different performance characteristics, the parts of the shaft or the bearing, which need insulation protection, are sequentially protected, so that the composite shaft current protection insulating coating with multiple layers of different functional characteristics is formed.
Preferably, the corona resistant layer contains mica flakes and/or nanoparticles;
the mica flake accounts for 5-30wt% of the matrix resin in the corona-resistant layer, and the nano particle accounts for 5-20wt% of the matrix resin in the corona-resistant layer.
Preferably, the corona resistant layer contains mica flakes and nanoparticles.
The mica flakes and the nano particles are added into the corona resistant layer, so that the running path of electrons can be prolonged, and meanwhile, after the base material of the corona resistant layer is decomposed by corona corrosion, an inorganic protective layer can be formed on the surface of the high temperature resistant layer, so that the expansion of corona corrosion is delayed.
Optionally, the particle size of the mica flake is 18-600 μm, the thickness is 100-1000 nm, and the particle size of the nano particle is 10-800 nm;
preferably, the nanoparticle is selected from at least one of silica, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium dioxide.
The nano particles can effectively block electrons in the particle size range, so that corona resistance of the insulating coating is improved, and if the particle size is too small, uniformity of dispersion of the nano particles in the corona resistant layer is reduced, and the corona resistance of the insulating coating is unstable; if the particle size is too large, the blocking effect on electrons is lowered, resulting in a decrease in corona resistance of the insulating coating. The particle size of the mica flakes is in the micrometer and millimeter level, firstly, the effect of blocking electrons can be improved based on a lamellar structure of the mica flakes, secondly, the mica flakes with the particle size are mutually matched with the nano particles, so that the nano particles are uniformly dispersed among the mica flakes, and the mica flakes and the nano particles can cooperatively block electrons, thereby further improving the corona resistance of the insulating coating; thirdly, the particle size matching of the mica flakes and the nano particles can improve the dispersibility of the mica flakes and the nano particles in the corona-resistant layer and improve the binding force between the corona layer and the high-temperature-resistant layer and between the corona layer and the high-partial discharge initial voltage layer.
Preferably, the nanoparticle is composed of a first part, a second part and a third part, wherein the particle size of the first part is 10-50nm, the ratio of the first part to the particle size is 10-50%, the particle size of the second part is 100-200nm, the ratio of the second part to the particle size is 10-60%, the ratio of the third part to the particle size is 400-800nm, and the ratio of the third part to the particle size is 5-40%. The ratio of the first part, the second part or the third part is the weight percentage of the total nano particles, and the arrangement can realize the closest packing of the nano particles with different particle diameters, thereby improving the addition amount of the nano particles in matrix resin and the corona resistance to the greatest extent.
More preferably, the mica flake is composed of a first mica flake and a second mica flake, wherein the first mica flake has a flake diameter of 18 μm to 100 μm, a thickness of 100 to 200nm, a ratio of 20 to 70%, and the second mica flake has a flake diameter of 101 μm to 600 μm, a thickness of 201 to 1000nm, and a ratio of 30 to 80%. The ratio is that the first mica flake or the second mica flake accounts for the weight percentage of the whole mica flake, and as the mica flake is flaky, the larger the particle size is, the larger the flake layer representing the mica flake is, the larger the blocking effect on electrons is, and the mica flake with small particle size tends to be granular and is matched with the mica flake with large flake layer, so that the blocking effect on electrons is optimal.
The mica flakes and the nano particles are respectively composed of parts with different particle sizes or sheet diameters, and gaps piled by large-sized flakes or nano particles can be filled with small-sized flakes or nano particles, so that the most compact piling is realized, the filling amount of the mica flakes and nano particles in matrix resin is increased, and corona resistance is further improved.
Optionally, the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer contains hollow microspheres, and the content of matrix resin in the hollow microsphere high partial discharge initiation voltage layer is 3-50 wt%.
The hollow microsphere is added into the high partial discharge initial voltage layer to reduce the dielectric constant of the material and even the electric field distribution of the microcosmic layer of the material, thereby improving the initial voltage generated by partial discharge. If the content of the hollow microspheres is too small, the effect of reducing the dielectric constant is not obvious, and if the content of the hollow microspheres is too large, the dispersion uniformity of the hollow microspheres in the matrix resin is deteriorated, and the mechanical properties and film forming properties of the coating are reduced.
Optionally, the hollow microspheres are selected from at least one of silica, alumina, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium dioxide.
The hollow microspheres are made of materials which can obviously reduce the dielectric constant of a high partial discharge initial voltage layer, so that the initial voltage generated by partial discharge is improved, and the bearing or the electric corrosion of the bearing is radically reduced; secondly, the compatibility and the dispersibility of the hollow microspheres in the matrix resin of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer can be improved; and thirdly, the material of the nano-particles is the same as that of the nano-particles, so that the compatibility of the nano-particles with the corona-resistant layer can be improved, the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is conveniently attached to the corona-resistant layer, the binding force between the corona-resistant layer and the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is increased, and the delamination of the insulating coating is avoided.
Optionally, the particle size of the hollow microsphere is 20nm-5 μm, the shell thickness is 5-800nm, the particle size of the hollow microsphere can ensure the dispersion uniformity of the hollow microsphere in matrix resin, if the particle size is too small, the effect of reducing the dielectric constant is not obvious, if the particle size is too large, the problems of uneven dispersion, rising of the surface roughness of a coating, uneven thickness of the coating and the like can be caused, the formation of a subsequent lubrication wear-resistant layer is affected, and meanwhile, pores exist between a high partial discharge initial voltage layer and a corona-resistant layer and the delamination of the coating is easy to occur.
Preferably, the hollow microsphere consists of a first hollow microsphere and a second hollow microsphere, wherein the particle size of the first hollow microsphere is 20-800nm, the shell thickness is 5-300 nm, the proportion is 20-70%, the shell thickness of the second hollow microsphere is 900nm-2 mu m, the shell thickness is 300-800 nm, and the proportion is 30-80%. The ratio refers to the weight percentage of the first hollow microsphere or the second hollow microsphere to the whole hollow microsphere.
Optionally, the high adhesion layer has a thickness of 2-20 μm;
the thickness of the high temperature resistant layer is 2-20 mu m;
the thickness of the corona resistant layer is 5-50 mu m;
the thickness of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is 5-50 mu m;
the thickness of the lubricating wear-resistant layer is 1-20 mu m;
the total thickness of the insulating coating is 20-125 mu m.
Preferably, the thickness of the high adhesion layer is 5-15 μm;
the thickness of the high temperature resistant layer is 10-15 mu m;
the thickness of the corona resistant layer is 15-35 mu m;
the thickness of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is 15-35 mu m;
the thickness of the lubricating wear-resistant layer is 5-15 mu m;
the total thickness of the insulating coating is 50-90 mu m.
The layer-by-layer laminated insulating coating is not larger than a single insulating coating in coating thickness, and even though the composite coating and the single insulating coating with the same thickness are compared, the laminated composite coating still has better various properties, and the single insulating coating means a coating formed by mixing all raw materials together.
Optionally, the matrix materials in the high adhesion layer, the high temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer are all polymers resistant to the temperature of more than 200 ℃.
Preferably, the matrix polymer of the high-adhesion layer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyamideimide and polyester resin;
the matrix polymer of the high temperature resistant layer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide and polyether-ether-ketone resin;
the matrix polymer of the corona resistant layer is at least one selected from polyimide, polyamide imide, polyether ether ketone and polytetrafluoroethylene resin;
the matrix polymer of the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer is selected from at least one of polyimide, polyether-ether-ketone and polyamide-imide resin;
and the base polymer of the lubricating wear-resistant layer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, polyimide and polyphenylene sulfide resin.
The matrix polymers of the high-adhesion layer have stronger polarity or hydrogen bonds and can be coupled with metal atoms on the surface of the shaft or the bearing, so that the adhesion of the high-adhesion layer and the metal surface is improved, and the adhesion of the subsequent high-temperature-resistant layer is facilitated.
The matrix polymer of the high temperature resistant layer has more rigid structures in the molecular chain and better chemical heat stability, so that the high temperature resistant layer can resist the high temperature of more than 200 ℃ and the high temperature resistance of the insulating coating is improved; and the polymer has better compatibility with the polymer of the high-adhesion layer, so that the binding force between the high-adhesion layer and the high-temperature-resistant layer is increased.
The matrix polymer of the corona resistant layer can effectively disperse electrons, so that the electrons can diffuse on the surface of the corona resistant layer, and the compatibility with mica flakes and nano particles is good, thereby being beneficial to the uniform dispersion of the mica flakes and nano particles; the matrix polymer of the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer can obviously improve the initiation voltage generated by the partial discharge of the insulating coating, and has better bonding strength with the matrix polymer of the corona resistant layer.
The matrix polymer of the lubricating wear-resistant layer has polar groups and nonpolar groups, on one hand, the polar groups in the molecular structure can form stronger binding force with other coatings below the polar groups, so that the adhesive force is improved; on the other hand, the nonpolar groups are mainly concentrated on the surface of the insulating coating to generate certain self-lubricating property, thereby improving the wear resistance of the insulating coating.
Preferably, the high adhesion layer contains 0.1-8wt% of coupling agent and 0.1-8wt% of tackifier, and the addition of the materials can improve the adhesion and adhesion of the coating to the surface of the shaft or the shaft and the high temperature resistant coating.
Preferably, the high temperature resistant layer contains 5-20wt% of inorganic nano particles, wherein the inorganic nano particles are at least one of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride and titanium dioxide, and the addition of the substances can further improve the high temperature resistance of the coating.
Preferably, the lubricating wear-resistant layer contains talcum powder 1-10wt% and high-temperature resistant paraffin wax 1-10wt%, and the addition of the substances can further improve the lubricating performance of the lubricating wear-resistant layer.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing an insulating coating as defined in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing the matrix materials of at least two coatings into powder coatings respectively;
(2) Sequentially spraying the powder coating onto the surface of a shaft or a bearing to form at least two coatings, wherein the functional material is added in the powder coating spraying of at least one coating to obtain an uncured coating;
(3) And (3) placing the uncured coating at 180-250 ℃ for curing treatment for 1-8 hours to obtain the insulating coating.
Preferably, the preparation method of the insulating coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively preparing the matrix materials of the high-adhesion layer, the high-temperature-resistant layer, the corona-resistant layer, the high partial discharge initial voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer into powder coating;
(2) The powder coating is sprayed on the surface of a shaft or a bearing in sequence to form a high adhesion layer, a high temperature resistant layer, a corona resistant layer, a high partial discharge initial voltage layer and a lubricating wear-resistant layer, wherein the functional material is added into the powder coating of at least one layer of the high adhesion layer, the high temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge initial voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer, so that an uncured coating is obtained;
(3) And (3) placing the uncured coating at 180-250 ℃ for curing treatment for 1-8 hours to obtain the insulating coating.
Preferably, in the step (1), at least two coated substrate materials are frozen at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coatings respectively, wherein the particle size of the powder coatings is 500nm-10 mu m.
More preferably, in the step (1), the high adhesion layer, the high temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge initial voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer are prepared into powder coating respectively after being frozen at a low temperature of-196 ℃, and the particle size of the powder coating is 500nm-10 mu m;
the spraying is electrostatic spraying or thermal spraying.
Firstly, the forming materials are crushed into powder coating, and then the high-adhesion layer, the high-temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge starting voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer are respectively formed in a spraying mode, so that the thickness uniformity of each layer can be improved, the effect of each layer is ensured to be exerted, and secondly, the spraying procedure is simple and easy to operate, and the processing cost is saved. And (3) curing the sprayed uncured coating for 1-8 hours at 180-250 ℃ to fully cure the insulating coating and improve the binding force between the layers, so that the insulating coating can effectively protect a shaft or a bearing.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a bearing, the bearing surface being sprayed with an insulating coating as defined in any one of the above.
The bearing surface is the outer circumferential surface of the bearing outer ring and/or the inner circumferential surface of the bearing inner ring.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a motor for a new energy automobile, the motor for a new energy automobile including the bearing described above.
Benefits of the present application include, but are not limited to:
1. according to the insulating coating for the shaft or the bearing, the corona resistance, the electrical strength, the oil resistance, the heat resistance, the wear resistance and the high partial discharge starting voltage are excellent, the electric corrosion of the shaft current to the shaft or the bearing can be eliminated or greatly reduced, and the safe service life of the shaft or the bearing is prolonged.
2. According to the insulating coating for the shaft or the bearing, at least two layers of the insulating coating are stacked layer by layer, the thickness of the insulating coating is approximately the same as that of the existing single insulating coating, and even the insulating coating with the same thickness is compared with the single insulating coating, the insulating coating formed by stacking has better various performances.
3. According to the preparation method of the insulating coating, the insulating coating is sprayed to the part of the bearing, which needs insulating protection, in a multiple spraying mode, so that the composite shaft current protection insulating coating with multiple layers of different functional characteristics is formed, the processing efficiency and the binding force between all layers are improved, and delamination of the insulating coating is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of an insulating coating formed on the outer peripheral surface of a bearing according to an embodiment of the present application.
1. A bearing; 2. a high adhesion layer; 3. a high temperature resistant layer; 4. a corona resistant layer; 5. a high partial discharge initiation voltage layer; 6. and lubricating the wear-resistant layer.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials in the examples of the present application were purchased commercially. The following examples and comparative examples illustrate the spraying of an insulating coating on the outer circumferential surface of a bearing outer race, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the insulating coating and the method of preparation described below may also be used to provide insulation protection to a shaft.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to an insulating coating for a bearing and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
(1) Freezing polytetrafluoroethylene at-196 ℃ at low temperature to prepare powder coating with particle size of 1 mu m, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating to the outer peripheral surface of the bearing to form a high-adhesion layer with thickness of 10 mu m;
(2) Freezing polyimide at-196 deg.c to obtain 900nm size powder paint, and electrostatic spraying the powder paint onto the high adhesion layer to form high temperature resistant layer of 13 microns thickness;
(3) Freezing polyamide imide at-196 deg.c to obtain powder paint of 1 micron size, mixing the powder paint with mica flake, and spraying onto the high temperature resistant layer to form corona resistant layer of 28 micron thickness, with mica flake accounting for 20wt% of the polyamide imide, sheet diameter of 100 micron and thickness of 400nm;
(4) Freezing polyether-ether-ketone at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with a particle size of 1 mu m, mixing the powder coating with hollow silica microspheres, and then carrying out electrostatic spraying on a corona-resistant layer to form a high partial discharge initial voltage layer, wherein the thickness of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is 30 mu m, the hollow silica microspheres account for 12wt% of the polyether-ether-ketone, the particle size is 600nm, and the shell thickness is 400nm;
(5) Freezing polyphenylene sulfide resin at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with a particle size of 800nm, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating on a high partial discharge initial voltage layer to form a lubrication wear-resistant layer, wherein the thickness of the lubrication wear-resistant layer is 8 mu m, so as to obtain an uncured coating;
(6) And (3) placing the uncured coating at 220 ℃ for curing treatment for 5 hours to obtain the insulating coating No. 1.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to an insulating coating for a bearing and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
(1) Freezing epoxy resin at-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with the particle size of 10 mu m, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating on the outer peripheral surface of the bearing to form a high-adhesion layer with the thickness of 20 mu m;
(2) Freezing polyimide at-196 deg.c to obtain powder paint of 1 micron size, and electrostatic spraying the powder paint onto the high adhesion layer to form high temperature resistant layer of 2 micron thickness;
(3) Freezing polyamide imide at-196 deg.c to obtain 2 micron size powder paint, mixing the powder paint with mica flake, and electrostatic spraying to the high temperature resistant layer to form corona resistant layer of 50 micron thickness, with mica flake accounting for 5wt% of the polyamide imide, sheet diameter of 600 micron and thickness of 1000nm;
(4) Freezing polyether-ether-ketone at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with a particle size of 1 mu m, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating and boron nitride hollow microspheres on a corona resistant layer to form a high partial discharge initial voltage layer, wherein the thickness of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is 30 mu m, the boron nitride hollow microspheres account for 50wt% of the polyether-ether-ketone, the particle size is 2 mu m, and the shell thickness is 800nm;
(5) Freezing polyphenylene sulfide resin at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with a particle size of 10 mu m, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating on a high partial discharge initial voltage layer to form a lubrication wear-resistant layer, wherein the thickness of the lubrication wear-resistant layer is 20 mu m, so as to obtain an uncured coating;
(6) And (3) curing the uncured coating at 180 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the insulating coating No. 2.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to an insulating coating for a bearing and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
(1) Freezing polytetrafluoroethylene at-196 ℃ at low temperature to prepare powder coating with the particle size of 500nm, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating to the outer peripheral surface of a bearing to form a high-adhesion layer, wherein the thickness of the high-adhesion layer is 2 mu m;
(2) Freezing polyimide at-196 deg.c to obtain 800nm size powder paint, and electrostatic spraying the powder paint onto the high adhesion layer to form high temperature resistant layer of 20 microns thickness;
(3) Freezing polyamide imide at a low temperature of minus 196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with the particle size of 700nm, mixing the powder coating with aluminum oxide nano particles, and then carrying out electrostatic spraying on a high temperature resistant layer to form a corona resistant layer, wherein the thickness of the corona resistant layer is 5 mu m, the aluminum oxide nano particles account for 20wt% of the polyamide imide, and the particle size is 10nm;
(4) Freezing polyether-ether-ketone at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with the particle size of 700nm, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating and titanium dioxide hollow microspheres on a corona-resistant layer to form a high partial discharge initial voltage layer, wherein the thickness of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is 50 mu m, the titanium dioxide hollow microspheres account for 3wt% of the polyether-ether-ketone, the particle size is 20nm, and the shell thickness is 5nm;
(5) Freezing polyphenylene sulfide resin at a low temperature of-196 ℃ to prepare powder coating with a particle size of 800nm, and carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating on a high partial discharge initial voltage layer to form a lubrication wear-resistant layer, wherein the thickness of the lubrication wear-resistant layer is 1 mu m, so as to obtain an uncured coating;
(6) And (3) curing the uncured coating at 250 ℃ for 1h to obtain the insulating coating No. 3.
Example 4
The difference between this example and example 1 is that silica nanoparticles are added in step (3), the silica nanoparticles account for 15wt% of the polyamideimide, the particle size is 500nm, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as those of example 1, thus obtaining insulating coating 4#.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the mica flake in step (3) is composed of a first mica flake and a second mica flake, wherein the first mica flake has a flake diameter of 50 μm, a thickness of 200nm, a ratio of 40%, the second mica flake has a flake diameter of 300 μm, a thickness of 600nm, a ratio of 60%, the first mica flake and the second mica flake occupy 20% by weight of polyamideimide, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as those in example 4, to obtain an insulating coating 5#.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the mica flake in step (3) accounts for 30wt% of the polyamideimide, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as in example 4, to obtain insulating coating 6#.
Example 7
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the silica nanoparticle in step (3) is composed of a first portion having a particle diameter of 30nm, a second portion having a particle diameter of 100nm, a ratio of 50%, a third portion having a particle diameter of 500nm, a ratio of 30%, and a sum of the first portion, the second portion and the third portion accounting for 15wt% of the polyamideimide, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as those in example 4, to obtain the insulating coating 7#.
Example 8
The difference between this example and example 4 is that in step (3), the silica nanoparticles account for 5wt% of the polyamideimide, and the remainder and steps are the same as in example 4, to obtain insulating coating 8#.
Example 9
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the silica hollow microsphere in step (4) is composed of a first hollow microsphere and a second hollow microsphere, wherein the particle size of the first hollow microsphere is 400nm, the shell thickness is 100nm, the ratio is 70%, the particle size of the second hollow microsphere is 1.2 μm, the shell thickness is 400nm, the ratio is 30%, the sum of the first hollow microsphere and the second hollow microsphere is 12% by weight of polyetheretherketone, and the rest materials and steps are the same as those in example 4, thus obtaining the insulating coating 9#.
Example 10
The difference between this example and example 9 is that the silica hollow microsphere in step (4) is composed of a first hollow microsphere and a second hollow microsphere, wherein the particle size of the first hollow microsphere is 400nm, the shell thickness is 100nm, the ratio is 30%, the particle size of the second hollow microsphere is 1.2 μm, the shell thickness is 400nm, the ratio is 70%, the sum of the first hollow microsphere and the second hollow microsphere is 12% by weight of polyetheretherketone, and the rest materials and steps are the same as in example 9, thus obtaining the insulating coating 10#.
Example 11
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the thickness of the high adhesion layer is 8 μm, the thickness of the high temperature resistant layer is 10 μm, the thickness of the corona resistant layer is 25 μm, the thickness of the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer is 20 μm, the thickness of the lubricating wear resistant layer is 5 μm, the total thickness of the insulating coating is 68 μm, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as those of example 1, to obtain insulating coating 11#.
Example 12
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the powder produced in steps (1) - (5) had a particle size of 15 μm, and the remainder and steps were the same as those of example 1, to obtain insulating coating 12#.
Example 13
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the high adhesion layer of step (1) is further added with 2wt% of a silane coupling agent and 2wt% of a tackifier, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as those of example 1, to obtain an insulating coating 13#.
Example 14
The difference between this example and example 1 is that 10wt% of aluminum oxide is added into the high temperature resistant layer in step (2), the particle size of aluminum oxide is 900nm, and the remaining materials and steps are the same as in example 1, thus obtaining insulating coating 14#.
Example 15
The difference between this example and example 1 is that 5wt% of talcum powder and 3wt% of high temperature resistant paraffin are added into the lubricating wear-resistant layer in step (5), and the rest materials and steps are the same as those in example 1, thus obtaining insulating coating 15#.
Example 16
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: and (3) the high-adhesion layer in the step (1) is not provided, the powder coating in the step (2) is directly and electrostatically sprayed on the outer peripheral surface of the bearing to form a high-temperature-resistant layer, and the rest materials and the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, so that the insulating coating 16# is obtained.
Example 17
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: and (3) directly carrying out electrostatic spraying on the powder coating in the step (3) onto the high-adhesion layer without the high-temperature-resistant layer in the step (2) to form a corona-resistant layer, and obtaining the insulating coating 17#, wherein the rest materials and the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Example 18
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: and (3) without a corona resistant layer, the powder coating in the step (4) is directly and electrostatically sprayed on the high temperature resistant layer to form a high partial discharge initial voltage layer, and the rest materials and the steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, so that the insulating coating 18#.
Example 19
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: and (3) the high partial discharge initial voltage layer in the step (4) is not provided, the powder coating in the step (5) is directly and electrostatically sprayed to the high temperature resistant layer to form a lubricating wear-resistant layer, and the rest materials and the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, so that the insulating coating 19#.
Example 20
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: and (3) directly performing the step (6) after the step (4) without the lubricating wear-resistant layer of the step (5), and obtaining the insulating coating 20# by the rest materials and the steps which are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that: and (3) respectively freezing polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyamide imide, polyether-ether-ketone and polyphenylene sulfide resin matrix polymers used in the steps (1) - (5) of the embodiment 1 at a low temperature of minus 196 ℃ to prepare a powder coating with the particle size of 1 mu m, taking the same amount of the powder coating as the embodiment 1, adding mica flakes and hollow silica microspheres with the same amount, mixing, then carrying out electrostatic spraying on the outer peripheral surface of a bearing, and curing at 220 ℃ for 5 hours to form a single insulating coating, thus obtaining the comparative insulating coating D1#.
Test case
The insulating coating and the comparative insulating coating prepared above were subjected to adhesion, corona resistance, electrical strength, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, partial discharge initiation voltage test, and the test results are shown in table 1 below.
1. The adhesive force is tested by a hundred-grid test;
2. electrical strength: the test is carried out according to national standard GB/T1408.1 2006, the thickness of a sample is 0.25mm, a cylindrical electrode system with the diameter of 25 mm/75 mm is adopted, the test times are 5 times, and the average value is obtained.
Pdiv (partial discharge initiation voltage): the test is carried out according to national standard GB/T7354-2018, the alternating voltage frequency: 50hz; boost speed: 50V/s; taking the partial discharge quantity 10PC as an initial discharge voltage point; experimental temperature: 21-25 ℃, humidity: 45-55%.
4. Experiment of heat resistance
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out according to national standard GB/T4074.7-2009, and the heat resistance grade of the material is evaluated by adopting a three-point method.
5. Corona resistant life of square wave
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the test was performed according to the T/CEEIA 415-2019 standard, test conditions: peak-to-peak voltage Vp-p=1000v, temperature 155±3 ℃, frequency=20khz, rising edge 100±10ns, duty cycle 50%.
6. The wear resistance testing method comprises the following steps: GB/T1768-2006 "determination of wear resistance of paint film
TABLE 1
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application, and the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments, but is defined by the claims of the present application. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical ideas and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. An insulating coating for a shaft or bearing, characterized in that,
the insulating coating comprises a high adhesive force layer, a high temperature resistant layer, a corona resistant layer, a high partial discharge initial voltage layer and a lubricating wear-resistant layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the shaft or the bearing;
the corona resistant layer contains mica flakes and/or nano particles;
the mica flakes account for 5-30 wt% of the matrix resin in the corona-resistant layer, and the nano particles account for 5-wt-20 wt% of the matrix resin in the corona-resistant layer;
the thickness of the high adhesive force layer is 2-20 mu m;
the thickness of the high temperature resistant layer is 2-20 mu m;
the thickness of the corona resistant layer is 5-50 mu m;
the thickness of the high partial discharge initial voltage layer is 5-50 mu m;
the thickness of the lubricating wear-resistant layer is 1-20 mu m;
the total thickness of the insulating coating is 20-125 mu m.
2. An insulating coating for a shaft or bearing according to claim 1, wherein the mica flakes have a flake diameter of 18 μm to 600 μm and a thickness of 100nm to 1000nm, and the nanoparticles have a particle diameter of 10nm to 800nm.
3. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing of claim 2, wherein the nanoparticles are selected from at least one of silica, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium dioxide.
4. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing according to claim 1, wherein the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer contains hollow nano-microspheres, and the hollow microspheres account for 3wt% to 50wt% of the matrix resin in the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer.
5. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing of claim 4, wherein the hollow microspheres are selected from at least one of silica, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium dioxide.
6. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing according to claim 4, wherein the hollow microspheres have a particle size of 20nm to 2 μm and a shell thickness of 5nm to 800nm.
7. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing according to claim 4, wherein the hollow microspheres are selected from at least one of silica, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium dioxide; the particle size of the hollow microsphere is 20nm-2 mu m, and the shell thickness is 5nm-800nm.
8. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing according to claim 1, wherein the matrix materials in the high adhesion layer, the high temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer and the lubricating wear layer are all polymers resistant to temperatures above 200 ℃.
9. The insulating coating for a shaft or bearing according to claim 8, wherein the matrix polymer of the high adhesion layer is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyester resin;
the matrix polymer of the high temperature resistant layer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide and polyether-ether-ketone resin;
the matrix polymer of the corona resistant layer is at least one selected from polyimide, polyamide imide, polyether ether ketone and polytetrafluoroethylene resin;
the matrix polymer of the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer is selected from at least one of polyimide, polyether-ether-ketone and polyamide-imide resin;
the matrix polymer of the lubricating wear-resistant layer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, polyimide and polyphenylene sulfide resin.
10. The method for producing an insulating coating according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) Respectively preparing the matrix materials of the high-adhesion layer, the high-temperature-resistant layer, the corona-resistant layer, the high partial discharge initial voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer into powder coating;
(2) The powder coating is sprayed on the surface of a shaft or a bearing in sequence to form a high adhesion layer, a high temperature resistant layer, a corona resistant layer, a high partial discharge initial voltage layer and a lubricating wear-resistant layer, wherein the functional material is added into the powder coating of at least one layer of the high adhesion layer, the high temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge initial voltage layer and the lubricating wear-resistant layer, so that an uncured coating is obtained;
(3) And (3) placing the uncured coating at 180-250 ℃ for curing treatment for 1-8 hours to obtain the insulating coating.
11. The method of producing an insulating coating according to claim 10, wherein in the step (1), the base materials of the high adhesion layer, the high temperature resistant layer, the corona resistant layer, the high partial discharge initiation voltage layer and the lubricating wear resistant layer are subjected to low temperature freezing at-196 ℃, and then are each produced into a powder coating having a particle size of 500nm to 10 μm;
the spraying is electrostatic spraying or thermal spraying.
12. A bearing, characterized in that the bearing surface is sprayed with an insulating coating according to any one of claims 1-9.
13. A motor for a new energy automobile, characterized in that the motor for a new energy automobile comprises the bearing of claim 12.
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