CN116217207A - Ceramic tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ceramic tile and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116217207A
CN116217207A CN202310170873.6A CN202310170873A CN116217207A CN 116217207 A CN116217207 A CN 116217207A CN 202310170873 A CN202310170873 A CN 202310170873A CN 116217207 A CN116217207 A CN 116217207A
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China
Prior art keywords
ceramic tile
pyrolysis
sludge
brick
ceramic
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CN202310170873.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李晓岩
温磊
林琳
李炳
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Shenzhen International Graduate School of Tsinghua University
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Shenzhen International Graduate School of Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN202310170873.6A priority Critical patent/CN116217207A/en
Publication of CN116217207A publication Critical patent/CN116217207A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
    • C04B33/1355—Incineration residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof. According to the ceramic tile disclosed by the invention, the preparation raw materials comprise pyrolysis sludge residues and clay, and the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is 10-50 wt%. The ceramic tile provided by the invention realizes the treatment and utilization of municipal sludge on one hand, and reduces the use of clay on the other hand, so that the scheme of preparing ceramic tiles by taking pyrolysis sludge residues and clay as raw materials can be popularized and used in more countries. The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic tile.

Description

Ceramic tile and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A large amount of sludge (hereinafter, municipal sludge or sludge) is generated in the municipal sewage treatment process. Sludge treatment is always one of the most challenging environmental problems in cities. Traditional municipal sludge treatment modes include composting, landfill and incineration. However, many countries have banned the use of sludge composting in agriculture due to soil pollution and food safety issues. Landfill often causes soil and groundwater pollution, and long-term generation and discharge of landfill leachate are difficult to solve. Incineration, while a simple and straightforward process, is costly and environmental friendly.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new way of treatment and utilization for municipal sludge.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the ceramic tile which takes municipal sludge as a raw material, thereby realizing the effective treatment and utilization of the municipal sludge.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic tile.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a ceramic tile is provided, wherein the preparation raw materials comprise pyrolysis sludge residues and clay, and the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is 10-50 wt%.
The invention relates to one of the technical schemes of ceramic tiles, which has at least the following beneficial effects:
the ceramic tile of the invention is prepared from raw materials including pyrolysis sludge residues and clay. Wherein the pyrolysis sludge residue refers to a product obtained by pyrolysis and sedimentation of municipal sludge. During sintering of municipal sludge, malodorous organics in the sludge are fully oxidized and volatilized, while heavy metals and inorganic residues are immobilized in the ceramic lattice. The release of the organic matters can leave pores and cracks in the ceramic product, weaken the ceramic structure, and solve the problems by taking pyrolysis sludge residues as raw materials. The clay can provide enough silicon aluminum oxide, can be used as a substrate, and ensures the strength of the sintered ceramic brick. Due to the high fertility of clay soil, it has long been beneficial to agriculture, and many countries have begun to protect clay and gradually limit the use of clay. The pyrolysis sludge residues obtained after pyrolysis and sedimentation of municipal sludge and clay have high similarity in mineralogy components, and the treatment and utilization of municipal sludge are realized on the one hand, and the use of clay is reduced on the other hand by adding 10-50wt% of pyrolysis sludge residues, so that the scheme for preparing ceramic tiles by taking pyrolysis sludge residues and clay as raw materials can be popularized and used in more countries.
The pyrolysis sludge residue is a product obtained by pyrolysis and sedimentation of municipal sludge, and the pyrolysis is also called thermal hydrolysis, and can be used as an effective sludge pretreatment means for extracting organic matters in the sludge. Compared with the original sludge, the dehydration performance of the pyrolysis sludge is greatly improved. After pyrolysis treatment, the solid and the liquid are treated respectively, so that the treatment time of sludge can be reduced, and the utilization of organic and nutritional resources is promoted. The further reduction of the organic matter content in the sludge promotes the performance improvement of ceramic tiles taking pyrolysis sludge residues and clay as raw materials.
The addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is 10-50 wt%. If the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is more than 50%, the ceramic tile has high water absorption, and the ceramic tile can be discolored, hollowing, falling and cracking due to the high water absorption. Meanwhile, if the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is more than 50%, the compressive strength of the ceramic bricks is too small to meet the use requirements.
The ceramic tile of the invention has excellent performance, specifically:
in appearance, the average size deviation of the finished product is less than 2.0 percent, and more than 95 percent of the area has no obvious defect.
The ceramic tile of the invention meets the I-type requirements (I <3%,3% < II <10%,10% < III) in the dry pressing ceramic tile standard GB/T4100-2015 in terms of water absorption.
The ceramic tile disclosed by the invention has the compressive strength, namely the breaking modulus reaches the I-type requirement (I >30MPa,30MPa > II >18MPa,18MPa > III >15 MPa) in the dry-pressed ceramic tile standard GB/T4100-2015.
The heavy metal leaching concentration of the ceramic tile of the invention is lower than the concentration of the specified category in GB 16889-2008.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis sludge residue has a particle size of 50 μm to 800 μm.
If the particle size of the pyrolysis sludge residue is less than 50 mu m, the brightness of the sintered ceramic tile glaze is deteriorated; if it is more than 800. Mu.m, the sintered ceramic tile will be cracked, whereby the particle size range of 50 μm to 800. Mu.m, is a suitable particle size range.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method for preparing the pyrolysis sludge residue comprises: and (3) carrying out pyrolysis on municipal sludge in a reaction kettle, and settling to obtain a product, namely pyrolysis sludge residues.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reaction vessel may be a high pressure reaction vessel.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis temperature is 150 ℃ to 200 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis temperature is 180 ℃ to 200 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis time is 0.5h to 1h.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the settling time is greater than 8 hours.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the settling time may be 12 hours.
The settled lower sludge residue is pyrolysis sludge residue.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the clay comprises at least one of bentonite and kaolin.
The clay functions to provide a sufficient amount of silicon aluminum oxide as a substrate to ensure the strength of the fired ceramic tile.
The clay can be bentonite alone, kaolin alone, or a mixture of bentonite and kaolin.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the ceramic tile, the method comprising: and (3) pressing the preparation raw materials to form and then firing.
The invention relates to a technical scheme in a preparation method of ceramic tiles, which has at least the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the ceramic tile provided by the invention has the advantages that the ceramic tile can be prepared by firing the prepared raw materials after compression molding, expensive equipment and complex process control are not needed, the investment is small, the reaction raw materials are easy to obtain, the reaction conditions are not harsh, and the preparation method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises drying the preparation feedstock prior to compression molding.
The drying treatment aims to reduce the water content in the raw materials for preparation, and if the water content of the raw materials is too large, the breakage rate of the sintered ceramic tile can be improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the drying process is 100 ℃ to 120 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the drying process is 105 ℃ to 120 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the drying process may be for 24 hours.
The weight of the pyrolysis sludge residues is not changed after the drying treatment.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure of the press forming is 20Mpa to 30Mpa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure of the press forming is 25Mpa to 30Mpa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the firing temperature is greater than or equal to 1200 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the firing time is from 1.5h to 2.5h.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature is increased during the firing process by temperature programming.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method of programming temperature comprises: heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min from room temperature, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h.
In the firing process, the temperature is raised in two sections, so that the ceramic tile can be effectively prevented from cracking in the firing process.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a ceramic tile is provided, wherein the preparation raw material includes a pyrolysis sludge residue and clay, and the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residue in the preparation raw material is 10wt% to 50wt%.
It will be appreciated that the ceramic tile of the present invention is prepared from raw materials including pyrolysis sludge residue and clay. Wherein the pyrolysis sludge residue refers to a product obtained by pyrolysis and sedimentation of municipal sludge. During sintering of municipal sludge, malodorous organics in the sludge are fully oxidized and volatilized, while heavy metals and inorganic residues are immobilized in the ceramic lattice. The release of the organic matters can leave pores and cracks in the ceramic product, weaken the ceramic structure, and solve the problems by taking pyrolysis sludge residues as raw materials. The clay can provide enough silicon aluminum oxide, can be used as a substrate, and ensures the strength of the sintered ceramic brick. Due to the high fertility of clay soil, it has long been beneficial to agriculture, and many countries have begun to protect clay and gradually limit the use of clay. The pyrolysis sludge residues obtained after pyrolysis and sedimentation of municipal sludge and clay have high similarity in mineralogy components, and the treatment and utilization of municipal sludge are realized on the one hand, and the use of clay is reduced on the other hand by adding 10-50wt% of pyrolysis sludge residues, so that the scheme for preparing ceramic tiles by taking pyrolysis sludge residues and clay as raw materials can be popularized and used in more countries.
The pyrolysis sludge residue is a product obtained by pyrolysis and sedimentation of municipal sludge, and the pyrolysis is also called thermal hydrolysis, and can be used as an effective sludge pretreatment means for extracting organic matters in the sludge. Compared with the original sludge, the dehydration performance of the pyrolysis sludge is greatly improved. After pyrolysis treatment, the solid and the liquid are treated respectively, so that the treatment time of sludge can be reduced, and the utilization of organic and nutritional resources is promoted. The further reduction of the organic matter content in the sludge promotes the performance improvement of ceramic tiles taking pyrolysis sludge residues and clay as raw materials.
The addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is 10-50 wt%. If the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is more than 50%, the ceramic tile has high water absorption, and the ceramic tile can be discolored, hollowing, falling and cracking due to the high water absorption. Meanwhile, if the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is more than 50%, the compressive strength of the ceramic bricks is too small to meet the use requirements.
The ceramic tile of the invention has excellent performance, specifically:
in appearance, the average size deviation of the finished product is less than 2.0 percent, and more than 95 percent of the area has no obvious defect.
The ceramic tile of the invention meets the I-type requirements (I <3%,3% < II <10%,10% < III) in the dry pressing ceramic tile standard GB/T4100-2015 in terms of water absorption.
The ceramic tile disclosed by the invention has the compressive strength, namely the breaking modulus reaches the I-type requirement (I >30MPa,30MPa > II >18MPa,18MPa > III >15 MPa) in the dry-pressed ceramic tile standard GB/T4100-2015.
The heavy metal leaching concentration of the ceramic tile of the invention is lower than the concentration of the specified category in GB 16889-2008.
In some embodiments of the invention, the particle size of the pyrolysis sludge residue is 50 μm to 800 μm.
If the particle size of the pyrolysis sludge residue is less than 50 mu m, the brightness of the sintered ceramic tile glaze is deteriorated; if it is more than 800. Mu.m, the sintered ceramic tile will be cracked, whereby the particle size range of 50 μm to 800. Mu.m, is a suitable particle size range.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of preparing the pyrolysis sludge residue is: and (3) carrying out pyrolysis on municipal sludge in a reaction kettle, and settling to obtain a product, namely pyrolysis sludge residues.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reaction vessel may be an autoclave.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of pyrolysis is 150 ℃ to 200 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of pyrolysis is 180 ℃ to 200 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis time is 0.5h to 1h.
In some embodiments of the invention, the time to settle is greater than 8 hours.
In some embodiments of the invention, the time of settling may be 12 hours.
The settled lower sludge residue is pyrolysis sludge residue.
In some embodiments of the invention, the clay comprises at least one of bentonite and kaolin.
The clay functions to provide a sufficient amount of silicon aluminum oxide as a substrate to ensure the strength of the fired ceramic tile.
The clay can be bentonite alone, kaolin alone, or a mixture of bentonite and kaolin.
In other embodiments of the invention, the invention provides a method of making ceramic tiles comprising: the preparation raw materials are pressed and molded and then fired.
It can be understood that the ceramic tile can be prepared by firing the prepared raw materials after being pressed and molded, expensive equipment and complicated process control are not needed, the investment is small, the reaction raw materials are easy to obtain, the reaction conditions are not harsh, and the preparation method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of making ceramic tiles further comprises drying the raw materials to be made prior to compression molding.
The drying treatment aims to reduce the water content in the raw materials for preparation, and if the water content of the raw materials is too large, the breakage rate of the sintered ceramic tile can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the drying process is from 100 ℃ to 120 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the drying process is from 105 ℃ to 120 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the drying process may be for 24 hours.
The weight of the pyrolysis sludge residues is not changed after the drying treatment.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure of the compression molding is 20Mpa to 30Mpa.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure of the compression molding is 25Mpa to 30Mpa.
In some embodiments of the invention, the firing temperature is greater than or equal to 1200 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the firing time is 1.5h to 2.5h.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature is increased during firing by a temperature programmed process.
In some embodiments of the invention, a method of temperature programming includes: the temperature is raised to 600 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, and the temperature is raised to a final point temperature at 10 ℃/min, such as 1200 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 2h.
In the firing process, the temperature is raised in two sections, so that the ceramic tile can be effectively prevented from cracking in the firing process.
The technical solution of the present invention will be better understood in conjunction with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
This example prepared a ceramic tile with 50wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue and 50wt% clay as raw materials.
In the preparation of the raw materials, the pyrolysis sludge residues are taken from the surplus sludge of municipal sewage plants.
The sludge is pyrolyzed for 1h at 180 ℃ in a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle.
And then obtaining lower sludge residues after natural sedimentation for 12 hours.
The residue was dried at 105℃for 24h to constant weight.
Finally, the dried residue was ground to a particle size of about 400. Mu.m.
The clay is kaolin, and the particle size is about 400 μm.
The specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: uniformly mixing pyrolysis sludge residues with clay;
(2) And (3) drying: drying the mixed powder for 24 hours in a constant temperature environment of 105 ℃;
(3) And (5) press forming: putting the mixed powder into a dry pressing die, and pressing and forming at 25 MPa;
(4) Firing: heating to 600 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1h; continuously heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h.
(5) And (3) cooling: naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished ceramic tile.
The ceramic tile prepared in the embodiment has no obvious cracks on appearance, smooth surface and good firing reproducibility (average size deviation is less than 2.0%).
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.44%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 120.3MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
The concentration of heavy metal As, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn in the brick is well below the limit specified in GB 16889-2008.
Example 2
This example produced a ceramic tile differing from example 1 in that the final firing temperature was 1300 ℃.
The ceramic tile prepared in the embodiment has no obvious cracks on appearance, smooth surface and good firing reproducibility (average size deviation is less than 2.0%).
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.28%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 127.1MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
The concentration of heavy metal As, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn in the brick is well below the limit specified in GB 16889-2008.
Example 3
This example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the raw materials were 10wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue and 90wt% of clay.
The ceramic tile prepared in the embodiment has no obvious cracks on appearance, smooth surface and good firing reproducibility (average size deviation is less than 2.0%).
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.14%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 140.0MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
The concentration of heavy metal As, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn in the brick is well below the limit specified in GB 16889-2008.
Example 4
This example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the raw materials were 20wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue and 80wt% of clay.
The ceramic tile prepared in the embodiment has no obvious cracks on appearance, smooth surface and good firing reproducibility (average size deviation is less than 2.0%).
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.17%, and the requirement that the I class in the dry-pressed ceramic brick standard GB/T4100-2015 is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 135.7MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
The concentration of heavy metal As, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn in the brick is well below the limit specified in GB 16889-2008.
Example 5
This example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the raw materials were 40wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue and 60wt% of clay.
The ceramic tile prepared in the embodiment has no obvious cracks on appearance, smooth surface and good firing reproducibility (average size deviation is less than 2.0%).
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.39%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 128.5MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
The concentration of heavy metal As, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn in the brick is well below the limit specified in GB 16889-2008.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the end point temperature of firing was 800 c, rather than 1200 c.
The ceramic tile prepared in the comparative example has obvious cracks in appearance, the shape of the initial formed green body is barely maintained, and the density is low.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 54.4%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is not met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 22.8MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is not met.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the end point temperature of firing was 900 c, rather than 1200 c.
The ceramic tile prepared in the comparative example has obvious cracks in appearance, the shape of the initial formed green body is barely maintained, and the density is low.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 39.5%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is not met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 43.2MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the end point temperature of firing was 1000 c, rather than 1200 c.
The ceramic tile prepared in the comparative example has obvious cracks in appearance, the shape of the initial formed green body is barely maintained, and the density is low.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 22.3%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is not met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 108.3MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example produced a ceramic tile differing from example 1 in that the end point temperature of firing was 1100 c instead of 1200 c.
The ceramic tile prepared in the comparative example has obvious cracks in appearance, the shape of the initial formed green body is barely maintained, and the density is low.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 18.2%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is not met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 112.6MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is met.
Comparative example 5
This example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the raw materials were 60wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue and 40wt% of clay.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.47%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 70.2MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is not met.
Comparative example 6
This example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the raw materials were 80wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue and 20wt% of clay.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 0.83%, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 5.3MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is not met.
Comparative example 7
This example produced a ceramic tile, differing from example 1 in that the raw material was 100wt% of pyrolysis sludge residue.
The water absorption rate of the brick is 2.1%, and the requirement that the I class in the dry-pressed ceramic brick standard GB/T4100-2015 is less than 3% is met.
The compressive strength of the brick is 2.1MPa, and the requirement that the I class in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa is not met.
The water absorption and compressive strength of the ceramic tiles of examples 1 to 2, and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0004098122240000121
As can be seen from comparing examples 1 and 2, and comparative examples 1 to 4, when the end point temperature of sintering is 1200 ℃ or higher:
the sintered brick has no obvious cracks, smooth surface and good firing reproducibility (average size deviation is less than 2.0%).
The water absorption rate of the brick meets the requirement that the I class in the dry-pressed ceramic brick standard GB/T4100-2015 is less than 3 percent.
The compressive strength of the brick meets the requirement that the class I in the standard GB/T4100-2015 of the dry-pressed ceramic brick is more than 30MPa.
The concentration of heavy metal As, ba, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn in the brick is well below the limit specified in GB 16889-2008.
However, when the sintering of the raw powder is between 800 ℃ and 1100 ℃, obvious cracks appear on the sintered brick, the shape of the initial formed raw blank is barely maintained, and the density is low.
The brick has high water absorption rate and does not meet the requirement that the I class in the dry-pressed ceramic brick standard GB/T4100-2015 is less than 3 percent.
The water absorption and compressive strength of the ceramic tiles of example 1 and examples 3 to 5, and comparative examples 5 to 7 are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0004098122240000131
Examples 1 and 3 to 5, and comparative examples 5 to 7, it can be seen that when the pyrolysis sludge residue is excessive, the compressive strength of the ceramic tile is significantly reduced although the water absorption of the ceramic tile satisfies the requirement.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In particular, the foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Because of the different compositions and properties of municipal sludge in different areas and the different purposes of the pyrolysis technology for recycling organic resources, the generated pyrolysis sludge residues have different compositions. Meanwhile, in view of the limitation of the availability of clay resources in different areas, the difference can be generated when clay of different types and pyrolysis sludge residues are mixed and burned into ceramic bricks. Accordingly, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary experimental protocols and various alternatives and modifications of the invention. All such changes and modifications are intended to be defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. The ceramic tile is characterized in that the preparation raw materials comprise pyrolysis sludge residues and clay, and the addition amount of the pyrolysis sludge residues in the preparation raw materials is 10-50 wt%.
2. The ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis sludge residue has a particle size of 50 μm to 800 μm.
3. Ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preparation method of the pyrolysis sludge residue is: and (3) carrying out pyrolysis on municipal sludge in a reaction kettle, and settling to obtain a product, namely pyrolysis sludge residues.
4. A ceramic tile according to claim 3, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 150 ℃ to 200 ℃.
5. A ceramic tile according to claim 3, wherein the pyrolysis time is from 0.5h to 1h.
6. The ceramic tile of claim 4, wherein the settling time is greater than 8 hours.
7. The ceramic tile of claim 1, wherein the clay comprises at least one of bentonite and kaolin.
8. A method for preparing a ceramic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: and (3) pressing the preparation raw materials to form and then firing.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the pressure of the compression molding is 20Mpa to 30Mpa.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the firing temperature is greater than or equal to 1200 ℃.
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