CN116217191A - Cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar and preparation and construction methods thereof - Google Patents
Cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar and preparation and construction methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116217191A CN116217191A CN202310287067.7A CN202310287067A CN116217191A CN 116217191 A CN116217191 A CN 116217191A CN 202310287067 A CN202310287067 A CN 202310287067A CN 116217191 A CN116217191 A CN 116217191A
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002800 Si–O–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRWPEXLRROVDML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].ClOCl Chemical compound [Ca].ClOCl GRWPEXLRROVDML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
- C04B28/12—Hydraulic lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
- C04B14/068—Specific natural sands, e.g. sea -, beach -, dune - or desert sand
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar for cold areas and the preparation and construction methods thereof comprise the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of fly ash, 20-30 parts of quicklime, 10-15 parts of alkali-activated agent, 500-800 parts of desert sand, 4-8 parts of composite water reducer and 35-50 parts of water; taking water with the temperature of 60-80 ℃ and an alkali excitant according to the mixing proportion, fully stirring and mixing, and placing the mixture in a curing box with the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for standby after fully dissolving; weighing fly ash, quicklime and desert sand according to the mixing ratio, mixing and stirring uniformly, and slowly adding the prepared alkali-exciting agent solution and stirring uniformly; filling the prepared mixed mortar into cracks and holes, trowelling and cleaning the filling surface after filling, covering a plastic film and curing; the scheme of the invention is simple, green and environment-friendly, and the cost is low; the grouting slurry has high fluidity, good filling property, early strength and quick hardening of slurry molding, and durable hardening material, and can be widely applied to practical engineering such as filling holes, foundation pits and cracks in northern cold areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freezing resistance of cold region building engineering, in particular to cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated freezing resistant mortar and a preparation and construction method thereof.
Background
Along with the development of economy in cold areas, the demand for mortar for engineering construction is increasing. The buildings in cold areas such as highway pavement, bridge piers, high-voltage iron tower pile foundations and the like are easily damaged by freezing and thawing to generate cracks; the hot bar foundation pit is required to be filled with gaps of the foundation pit uniformly and rapidly in a filling process. In addition, desert sand is widely distributed in cold areas, and related reports are not yet seen in alkali-activated mortar technology developed for cold area engineering at present.
Patent application CN202011347104.1 discloses a slag-based alkali-activated cementing material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the alkali-activated cementing material comprises the following components: 70-99 parts by mass of slag, 1-30 parts by mass of calcium silicate slag and 1-5% of alkali-activated agent, wherein the alkali-activated liquid is sodium silicate with the modulus of 2.2-3.4. Patent application CN201510810774.5 discloses a modified alkali-activated cementing material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of fly ash and slag, 25-50 parts of alkali-activated agent, 0.5-2 parts of retarder and 2-15 parts of polymer rubber powder, wherein the solid content of the alkali-activated agent is 30-40%, and the polymer rubber powder is one or more selected from butadiene-styrene copolymer rubber powder, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer rubber powder, acrylic ester copolymer rubber powder, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer rubber powder, vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer rubber powder or vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate-acrylic ester copolymer rubber powder.
The prior alkali-activated cementing materialThe following drawbacks exist: (1) Most of the alkali-activated material mortars are designed from the aspect of materials, and have no engineering pertinence, especially no alkali-activated mortars suitable for cold region engineering; (2) Alkali excitation is mostly performed by NaOH and Na 2 SiO 4 The excitation effect of the composite alkali excitation combination of (2) is also greatly improved; (3) The powder adopts the fly ash and the slag, so that the high-efficiency alkali excitation of the fly ash is not achieved, and the strength of the generated mortar is lower; (4) The fluidity of mortar is less considered, however, in cold region filling engineering, the fluidity directly determines the filling compactness and the later durability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar and the preparation and construction methods thereof, which take the cold region common desert sand and fly ash as raw materials, adopt the composite alkali-activated technology and the durability improvement measure to prepare the mortar suitable for cold region engineering construction, solve the technical problems of the existing cold region engineering, have the advantages of local materials, convenient construction, quick hardening, good anti-freezing performance and good filling performance, fully utilize local resources and reduce engineering cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar for cold areas comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of fly ash, 20-30 parts of quicklime, 10-15 parts of alkali-activated agent, 500-800 parts of desert sand, 4-8 parts of composite water reducer and 35-50 parts of water.
The fly ash comprises active SiO accounting for 50 to 70 percent of the mass of the fly ash in any proportion 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And f-CaO, fe accounting for 5-10% of the mass of the fly ash 2 O 3 The fineness of the fly ash is less than 100um.
The quicklime is common ground quicklime, caO accounts for more than 70% of the quicklime in mass, and the quicklime is medium-speed lime.
The alkali excitant is a compound excitant and comprises NaOH accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the alkali excitant and CaCl accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the alkali excitant which are uniformly mixed 2 。
The grain diameter of the desert sand is 25um to 400um, and the fineness modulus is 0.2 to 0.3.
The composite water reducer is an air-entraining water reducer, the water reducing rate is more than 25%, and the air-entraining amount is 6% -15%.
The temperature of the water is between 60 ℃ and 80 ℃.
A preparation method of cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) The antifreeze mortar according to claim 1 is prepared by mixing 60-80 ℃ water and alkali-activator under stirring, and placing the mixture in a curing box at 60-80 ℃ for standby after the mixture is fully dissolved;
(2) The antifreeze mortar according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash, the quicklime and the desert sand are weighed according to the mixing ratio, uniformly mixed and stirred, and then the alkali-activated agent solution prepared in the step (1) is slowly added;
(3) Stirring the mortar obtained in the step (2) at the speed of 100-150r/min for 5-8min, and slowly adding the composite water reducing agent and water in the stirring process.
Water usage in step (3) =total water usage-water usage in alkaline excitation.
The construction method of the desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in the cold region specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing construction materials such as water, electricity and pipelines, leveling the ground of rock cracks and holes, and then injecting running water into the cracks and holes to clean the inside of the cracks and holes;
secondly, pouring the mixed mortar in the step (3) of preparing the desert sand alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar, wherein the construction is continuous construction, segregation and slurry leakage are avoided, and pouring is completed before mortar initial setting is ensured;
and thirdly, after filling the gaps and the holes, trowelling and cleaning the pouring surface, and covering a plastic film for maintenance.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The desert sand widely distributed in the north is adopted as the main raw material, so that the method has the advantages of convenience in material acquisition, low price, environmental protection, good engineering applicability and obvious advantages in economic and environmental protection. The granularity composition of the desert sand is shown in the table1, the average grain diameter of the desert sand is 0.04mm-0.08mm, and the mortar prepared by the desert sand has good fluidity and congenital advantage due to fine grain diameter; the characteristics of the desert sand particles are shown in table 2 and fig. 1, the surface of the desert sand particles is rough, and the adhesive force is similar to that of standard sand when mortar is arranged; the chemical composition of the desert sand is shown in Table 3, and CaO and K thereof 2 O and Na 2 The content of alkaline components such as O is higher than that of common sand, and especially the content of CaO is close to 17%. The alkaline component with CaO as the main component in the desert sand can supplement the shortage of alkaline raw materials in the alkaline excitation material, increase the gelation of the alkaline excitation and is beneficial to the generation of the alkaline excitation intensity.
TABLE 1 Qinghai-Tibet plateau desert sand particle size composition (W%)
TABLE 2 desert sand characterization
TABLE 3 desert sand chemistry table
(2) Adopts the optimized proportion of the fly ash and the quicklime. Fly ash belongs to Cao-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 The composition of the system is shown in Table 4. Compared with ordinary silicate cement clinker, the low CaO content of the fly ash belongs to 'congenital calcium deficiency', so that the CaO content is supplemented and Ca (OH) is increased 2 The yield is more favorable for the hydration hardening of the fly ash to form strength. The calcium lime has the CaO content of 70-76 percent, and has low cost, thus being very suitable for being added as auxiliary materials of the fly ash. Through a large number of experiments, the fly ash is obtainedAnd lime at a ratio of 75:25, the best mechanical properties can be obtained. The quicklime can promote the excitation of the activity of the fly ash and reduce the porosity of a hardening system when being digested to generate heat (up to 80-90 ℃) and consume water, and the system temporarily has high concentration of OH -1 The surface of the fly ash particles is eroded to destroy the grid structures of the Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al, thereby obtaining better excitation effect.
Table 4 fly ash chemical composition table
(3) NaOH and CaCl are adopted 2 The composite alkali excitant has good strength excitation effect. The composition of fly ash is acid oxide, so that the fly ash has certain weak acidity, and OH in NaOH - The Si-O bond and the Al-O bond in the fly ash can be broken and cracked, so that the activity of the fly ash is enhanced; at the same time, na in NaOH + The network structure of the fly ash vitreous body can be changed, so that the network structure is disintegrated, and the activity of the fly ash is improved. CaCl (CaCl) 2 Middle Ca 2+ And CL - Can be well diffused into the fly ash particles and has activity with the fly ash Al 2 O 3 Generating se:Sub>A chemical reaction to generate C-A-H, increasing the internal and external osmotic pressure and destroying the fly ash inclusion; caCl (CaCl) 2 Can also be combined with Ca (OH) in the system 2 The chemical reaction is carried out to generate the calcium oxychloride double salt, which is insoluble in water and increases the solid phase component in the system, thereby increasing the system strength (figure 2).
(4) The composite water reducer is adopted, so that the strength is increased and the durability is improved. The composite water reducer is a high-efficiency air-entraining water reducer, has a dispersing effect on powder particles, can improve the workability, reduce the unit water consumption, improve the fluidity and save the powder materials. The addition amount is 1.5-2.5% of the total mass of the silt, and the mixing water consumption is reduced by 10-20% under the condition of keeping the slump unchanged; or under the condition of unchanged water-cement ratio, the fluidity of the mortar is increased by 25-35%. Meanwhile, a large amount of tiny, closed and uniformly distributed bubbles can be introduced into the composite water reducing agent in the mixing process, so that bleeding and segregation of the mixture are reduced, the workability is improved, and the frost resistance and durability of the mortar are obviously improved. The composite water reducer can enable the mortar to have high strength and high durability, and the basic performance is shown in table 5 after detection.
TABLE 5 basic parameters for mortar durability
In conclusion, the mortar applicable to cold region engineering construction is prepared by taking common desert sand and fly ash in cold region as raw materials and adopting alkali excitation technology and durability improvement measures, so that the technical problem of the existing cold region engineering can be solved; the technical scheme is simple, the resources are rich, the environment is protected, and the cost is low; the grouting slurry has high fluidity, good filling property, early strength and quick hardening of slurry molding, and durable hardening materials, and can be widely applied to filling construction of holes, foundation pits and cracks in northern cold areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of different kinds of sand characteristics of electron microscope at 1000 times magnification, wherein (a) is standard sand, (b) is Qinghai-Tibet plateau desert sand, and (c) is hair-up element desert sand.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the intensity results of the composite activator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar for the cold areas is mainly applied to engineering construction of the cold areas in the north, and comprises the following components:
100 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of quicklime and alkali excitation10 parts of agent, 500 parts of desert sand, 4 parts of composite water reducer and 35 parts of water; the fly ash is industrial fly ash, such as solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, and active SiO with any ratio 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And f-CaO (free calcium oxide) accounting for 50% of the mass of the fly ash, fe 2 O 3 Accounting for 5 percent of the mass of the fly ash; the alkali activator is a compound activator, and contains NaOH accounting for 1% of the mass of the alkali activator and CaCl accounting for 2% of the mass of the alkali activator which are uniformly mixed 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The composite water reducer is an air-entraining water reducer, the water reducing rate is 25%, and the air-entraining amount is 6%; the temperature of the water was 60 ℃.
A preparation method of cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite alkali-exciting agent: taking 10 parts of NaOH accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the alkali excitant and CaCl accounting for 2 percent of the mass of the alkali excitant which are uniformly mixed 2 Mixing with 60deg.C water, dissolving, and placing in a curing box at 60deg.C;
(2) Taking 100 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of quicklime and 500 parts of desert sand, repeatedly stirring, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(3) Slowly adding the compound excitant solution prepared in the step (1) into the mortar obtained in the step (2), stirring at a speed of 120r/min in a stirrer, and slowly adding 4 parts of air-entraining water reducer and water in the stirring process, wherein the water consumption = total water consumption-water consumption in alkali excitation;
because the mortar becomes viscous due to the action of the water reducing agent, the whole water adding and stirring time is 8min, and the obtained desert sand alkali excited anti-freezing mortar material is sealed and stored for standby, and the engineering parameters of the mortar are shown in Table 6.
A construction method of desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing construction materials such as water, electricity and pipelines, leveling the ground of a rock crack, injecting running water into the crack to wash the inside of the crack clean, and increasing the bonding force of the rock and a cementing material;
secondly, pouring the prepared desert sand alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar after mixing, wherein continuous construction is required to be carried out, segregation and slurry leakage are avoided, and pouring is ensured to be completed before mortar initial setting;
and thirdly, after filling, trowelling and cleaning the poured surface, and covering a plastic film, so that water loss and surface drying cracking in the curing process are avoided, and the mortar strength is improved.
TABLE 6 mortar engineering parameters
Example 2
The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar for the cold areas is mainly applied to engineering construction of the cold areas in the north, and comprises the following components:
100 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of quicklime, 13 parts of alkali-activated agent, 600 parts of desert sand, 6 parts of composite water reducer and 40 parts of water; the fly ash is industrial fly ash, such as solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, and active SiO with any ratio 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And f-CaO (free calcium oxide) accounting for 51.3% of the mass of the fly ash, fe 2 O 3 Accounting for 5.1 percent of the mass of the fly ash; the alkali activator is a compound activator, and contains NaOH accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alkali activator and CaCl accounting for 2.3% of the mass of the alkali activator which are uniformly mixed 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The composite water reducer is an air-entraining water reducer, the water reducing rate is 22.4%, and the air-entraining amount is 6.5%; the temperature of the water was 70 ℃.
A preparation method of cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite alkali-exciting agent: taking 13 parts of NaOH accounting for 1.5 percent of the mass of the alkali-activated agent and CaCl accounting for 2.3 percent of the mass of the alkali-activated agent which are uniformly mixed 2 Mixing with water at 60deg.C, dissolving, and placing in a curing box at 70deg.C;
(2) Taking 100 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of quicklime and 600 parts of desert sand, repeatedly stirring, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(3) Slowly adding the compound excitant solution prepared in the step (1) into the mortar obtained in the step (2), stirring at a speed of 120r/min in a stirrer, and slowly adding 6 parts of air-entraining water reducer and water in the stirring process, wherein the water consumption = total water consumption-water consumption in alkali excitation;
because the mortar becomes viscous due to the action of the water reducing agent, the whole water adding and stirring time is 8min, and the obtained desert sand alkali excited anti-freezing mortar material is sealed and stored for standby, and the engineering parameters of the mortar are shown in Table 7.
A construction method of desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing construction materials such as water, electricity and pipelines, leveling the ground of a rock crack, injecting running water into the crack to wash the inside of the crack clean, and increasing the bonding force of the rock and a cementing material;
secondly, pouring the prepared desert sand alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar after mixing, wherein continuous construction is required to be carried out, segregation and slurry leakage are avoided, and pouring is ensured to be completed before mortar initial setting;
and thirdly, after filling, trowelling and cleaning the poured surface, and covering a plastic film, so that water loss and surface drying cracking in the curing process are avoided, and the mortar strength is improved.
TABLE 7 mortar engineering parameters
Example 3
The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas comprises the following components:
100 parts of fly ash, 23 parts of quicklime, 14 parts of alkali-activated agent, 620 parts of desert sand, 6 parts of composite water reducer and 42 parts of water; the fly ash is industrial fly ash, such as solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, and active SiO with any ratio 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And f-CaO (free calcium oxide) 57% by mass of fly ash, fe 2 O 3 Accounting for 5.7 percent of the mass of the fly ash; the alkali activator is a compound activator, and contains NaOH accounting for 1.4% of the mass of the alkali activator and CaCl accounting for 2.3% of the mass of the alkali activator which are uniformly mixed 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The composite water reducer is an air-entraining water reducer, the water reducing rate is 22.4%, and the air-entraining amount is 6.5%; the temperature of the water was 70 ℃.
A preparation method of cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite alkali-exciting agent: taking 14 parts of NaOH accounting for 1.4 percent of the mass of the alkali-exciting agent and CaCl accounting for 2.3 percent of the mass of the alkali-exciting agent which are uniformly mixed 2 Mixing with 70deg.C water, dissolving, and placing in a curing box at 70deg.C;
(2) Taking 100 parts of fly ash, 23 parts of quicklime and 620 parts of desert sand, repeatedly stirring, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(3) Slowly adding the compound excitant solution prepared in the step (1) into the mortar obtained in the step (2), stirring at a speed of 120r/min in a stirrer, and slowly adding 6 parts of air-entraining water reducer and water in the stirring process, wherein the water consumption = total water consumption-water consumption in alkali excitation;
because the mortar becomes viscous due to the action of the water reducing agent, the whole water adding and stirring time is 8min, and the obtained desert sand alkali excited anti-freezing mortar material is sealed and stored for standby, and the engineering parameters of the mortar are shown in Table 8.
A construction method of desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing construction materials such as water, electricity and pipelines, leveling the ground of a rock crack, injecting running water into the crack to wash the inside of the crack clean, and increasing the bonding force of the rock and a cementing material;
secondly, pouring the prepared desert sand alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar after mixing, wherein continuous construction is required to be carried out, segregation and slurry leakage are avoided, and pouring is ensured to be completed before mortar initial setting;
and thirdly, after filling, trowelling and cleaning the poured surface, and covering a plastic film, so that water loss and surface drying cracking in the curing process are avoided, and the mortar strength is improved.
TABLE 8 mortar engineering parameters
Example 4
The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas comprises the following components:
100 parts of fly ash, 28 parts of quicklime, 13 parts of alkali-activated agent, 700 parts of desert sand, 7 parts of composite water reducer and 47 parts of water; the fly ash is industrial fly ash, such as solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, and active SiO with any ratio 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And f-CaO (free calcium oxide) accounting for 50% of the mass of the fly ash, fe 2 O 3 Accounting for 5 percent of the mass of the fly ash; the alkali activator is a compound activator, and contains NaOH accounting for 1.3% of the mass of the alkali activator and CaCl accounting for 2.6% of the mass of the alkali activator which are uniformly mixed 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The composite water reducer is an air-entraining water reducer, the water reducing rate is 25%, and the air-entraining amount is 6%; the water temperature was 60 ℃.
A preparation method of cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite alkali-exciting agent: taking 13 parts of NaOH accounting for 1.3 percent of the mass of the alkali-activated agent and CaCl accounting for 2.6 percent of the mass of the alkali-activated agent which are uniformly mixed 2 Mixing with 60deg.C water, dissolving, and placing in a curing box at 60deg.C;
(2) Taking 100 parts of fly ash, 28 parts of quicklime and 700 parts of desert sand, repeatedly stirring, and uniformly mixing for later use;
(3) Slowly adding the compound excitant solution prepared in the step (1) into the mortar obtained in the step (2), stirring at a speed of 120r/min in a stirrer, and slowly adding 7 parts of air-entraining water reducer and water in the stirring process, wherein the water consumption = total water consumption-water consumption in alkali excitation;
because the mortar becomes viscous due to the action of the water reducing agent, the whole water adding and stirring time is 8min, and the obtained desert sand alkali excited anti-freezing mortar material is sealed and stored for standby, and the engineering parameters of the mortar are shown in Table 8.
A construction method of desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing construction materials such as water, electricity and pipelines, leveling the ground of a rock crack, injecting running water into the crack to wash the inside of the crack clean, and increasing the bonding force of the rock and a cementing material;
secondly, pouring the mixed mortar, wherein continuous construction is required to be carried out, segregation and slurry leakage are avoided, and pouring is ensured to be completed before the mortar is initially set;
and thirdly, after filling, trowelling and cleaning the poured surface, and covering a plastic film, so that water loss and surface drying cracking in the curing process are avoided, and the mortar strength is improved.
TABLE 9 mortar engineering parameters
The foregoing detailed description is provided to illustrate and not to limit the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made to the invention within the spirit and scope of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of fly ash, 20-30 parts of quicklime, 10-15 parts of alkali-activated agent, 500-800 parts of desert sand, 4-8 parts of composite water reducer and 35-50 parts of water.
2. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fly ash comprises active SiO accounting for 50 to 70 percent of the mass of the fly ash in any proportion 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And f-CaO, fe accounting for 5-10% of the mass of the fly ash 2 O 3 The fineness of the fly ash is less than 100um.
3. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the quicklime is common ground quicklime, caO accounts for more than 70% of the quicklime in mass, and the quicklime is medium-speed lime.
4. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the alkali excitant is a compound excitant and comprises NaOH accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the alkali excitant and CaCl accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the alkali excitant which are uniformly mixed 2 。
5. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the grain diameter of the desert sand is 25um to 400um, and the fineness modulus is 0.2 to 0.3.
6. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite water reducer is an air-entraining water reducer, the water reducing rate is more than 25%, and the air-entraining amount is 6% -15%.
7. The desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature of the water is between 60 ℃ and 80 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar based on any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) The antifreeze mortar according to claim 1 is prepared by mixing 60-80 ℃ water and alkali-activator under stirring, and placing the mixture in a curing box at 60-80 ℃ for standby after the mixture is fully dissolved;
(2) The antifreeze mortar according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash, the quicklime and the desert sand are weighed according to the mixing ratio, uniformly mixed and stirred, and then the alkali-activated agent solution prepared in the step (1) is slowly added;
(3) Stirring the mortar obtained in the step (2) at the speed of 100-150r/min for 5-8min, and slowly adding the composite water reducing agent and water in the stirring process.
9. The preparation method of the cold region desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar according to claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: water usage in step (3) =total water usage-water usage in alkaline excitation.
10. The construction method for preparing the desert sand composite alkali-activated anti-freezing mortar in cold areas based on the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing construction materials such as water, electricity and pipelines, leveling the ground of rock cracks and holes, and then injecting running water into the cracks and holes to clean the inside of the cracks and holes;
secondly, pouring and filling the prepared mixed mortar, wherein the construction is continuous construction, so that segregation and slurry leakage are avoided, and pouring is completed before the mortar is initially set;
and thirdly, after filling the gaps and the holes, trowelling and cleaning the pouring surface, and covering a plastic film for maintenance.
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