CN116213952A

CN116213952A - Laser cutting equipment

Info

Publication number: CN116213952A
Application number: CN202310123458.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵利勇; 何晟晓; 程邦; 尤鸣; 俞晓艳; 岳进; 陈琳; 胡立平; 杨明建; 沈文杰; 李海洋; 朱乃钢
Original assignee: Zhejiang Xinyuan Traffic Electronic Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Xinyuan Traffic Electronic Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-02-16
Filing date: 2023-02-16
Publication date: 2023-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2043-02-16
Also published as: CN116213952B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cutting, and particularly relates to laser cutting equipment, which comprises an upper connecting spherical shell, a laser input pipe, a lower connecting spherical shell, a nozzle and a lens, wherein when a first conical plate and a second conical plate are both positioned on a third flow passage, only the third flow passage in the first flow passage, the second flow passage and the third flow passage is in a through state; when the second conical plate moves downwards to be nested and matched with the second conical groove, the second conical plate and the first conical plate form a conical end of the second flow channel, and the second flow channel and the third flow channel are in a through state; when the first conical plate moves downwards to be nested and matched with the first conical groove, the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel are in a communicated state, namely, the nozzle designed by the invention has three different forms; the laser cutting device provided by the invention has a plurality of nozzles in different forms without a nozzle library, and can meet the cutting requirements of flat plates with different thicknesses.

Description

Laser cutting equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cutting, and particularly relates to laser cutting equipment.

Background

The laser cutting process uses energy released when a laser beam is irradiated to the surface of a steel sheet to melt and evaporate the stainless steel. In the laser cutting process, the nozzle is a common wearing article and is also one of important parts in the laser cutting process. The gas guide device is positioned at the bottom end of the cutting head, keeps the distance tracking of the cutting head to the workpiece in the cutting process, and guides the gas to smoothly pass through the cut workpiece. When cutting steel by laser, oxygen and focused laser beam are injected into the cut material through nozzle to form a gas stream; the design of the nozzle and the control of the air flow are important factors directly affecting the quality of the cut.

The laser cutting equipment needs to change the laser nozzle of equidimension to the dull and stereotyped of different thickness, generally changes through the manual work mode, and change inefficiency, and realize the condition of scalding easily. At present, the automatic replacement capability is not provided, if a nozzle warehouse needs to be added for realizing automatic replacement, a manipulator is utilized for realizing replacement of the nozzles, and if the number of the nozzles is large, the structure of the nozzle warehouse is complex.

The invention designs a laser cutting device which is provided with a three-in-one nozzle, is simultaneously matched with a nozzle switching mechanism with simple structure and convenient operation to realize the function of conveniently and manually replacing the nozzle, and can realize the automatic ring replacement capability after being matched with a mechanical arm.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the laser cutting equipment comprises an upper connecting spherical shell, a laser input pipe, a lower connecting spherical shell, a nozzle and a lens, wherein the lens is arranged at the lower end of the laser input pipe; the lower connecting spherical shell is arranged at the lower side of the upper connecting spherical shell in a spherical hinge mode, a plurality of uniformly distributed mounting openings are arranged at the lower side of the lower connecting spherical shell, and nozzles are arranged on the mounting openings.

The lower end of the nozzle is provided with a first flow passage, a second flow passage and a third flow passage which are distributed from outside to inside, and the three flow passages are respectively composed of a conical end and a straight pipe end which are distributed up and down; a first conical plate and a second conical plate are slidably arranged on the conical end of the third flow channel, the first conical plate is matched with the conical end of the first flow channel, and the second conical plate is matched with the conical end of the second flow channel; an adjusting sliding sleeve is slidably arranged on the outer circular surface of the upper end of the nozzle and is in transmission connection with the first conical plate and the second conical plate.

As a preferable scheme, a fixed spherical shell is arranged in the lower connecting spherical shell, and the fixed spherical shell is fixedly connected with the laser input tube through connecting rods uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; and the fixed spherical shell is provided with a circular hole aligned with the lower end of the laser input tube.

As a preferable scheme, a circle of circumferential sliding grooves are formed in the inner ball wall of the upper connecting ball shell, and a plurality of longitudinal sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the upper side of each circumferential sliding groove; the upper end of the longitudinal chute is fixedly provided with a first limiting block, and two second limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the joint of the longitudinal chute and the circumferential chute; the lower connecting spherical shell is provided with a positioning slide bar in a sliding manner, one end of the positioning slide bar is a spherical surface, a first spring is arranged between the positioning slide bar and the lower connecting spherical shell, and the first spring is a tension spring and has pretension; one end of the positioning slide bar, which is spherical, penetrates through the lower connecting spherical shell to be matched with a circumferential chute and a longitudinal chute which are formed in the upper connecting spherical shell; the longitudinal sliding grooves formed in the upper connecting spherical shell correspond to the mounting openings in the lower connecting spherical shell one by one.

Preferably, a plurality of fixing components are uniformly circumferentially arranged on the outer spherical wall of the upper connecting spherical shell.

The fixing assembly comprises a second spring, a pressing shell, a screw rod and a limiting rod, wherein a plurality of limiting rods are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the pressing shell in the circumferential direction, the pressing shell is slidably arranged on the outer spherical wall of the upper connecting spherical shell through the limiting rods, and the second spring is arranged between the pressing shell and the upper connecting spherical shell; the screw is installed on the pressing shell through threaded fit, and one end of the screw penetrates through the upper connecting spherical shell to be matched with the lower connecting spherical shell.

As a preferable scheme, the conical end of the first flow channel is provided with a first conical groove matched with the first conical plate, and the conical end of the second flow channel is provided with a second conical groove matched with the second conical plate.

As a preferable scheme, a plurality of L-shaped connecting rods are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the lower side of the adjusting sliding sleeve in the circumferential direction, an installation sliding ring is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the L-shaped connecting rods, a plurality of guide sliding blocks are axially and uniformly arranged on the installation sliding ring in a sliding manner, a transmission sliding plate is fixedly arranged on each guide sliding block, a first driving rod is fixedly arranged at the upper end of each transmission sliding plate, and the upper end of each first driving rod is fixedly connected with a first conical plate; a third fixed ring is fixedly arranged on the first driving rod, one end of the second transmission plate is slidably arranged on the first driving rod, and a fifth spring is arranged between the second transmission plate and the third fixed ring; the other end of the second transmission plate is fixedly provided with a second driving rod, and the upper end of the second driving rod is fixedly connected with the second conical plate.

Preferably, the outer plate of the second runner is fixedly arranged on the outer baffle plates of the first runner and the second runner through the fixing support rods.

As a preferable scheme, the inner circular surface of the adjusting sliding sleeve is provided with a stepped positioning sliding groove, the outer circular surface of the upper end of the nozzle is fixedly provided with a positioning sliding block, and the positioning sliding block is positioned in the positioning sliding groove; the positioning sliding groove is internally provided with an elastic block which plays a limiting role on the positioning sliding block.

As a preferable scheme, the upper ends of the six first racks are respectively and fixedly arranged on the transmission slide plate, the six transmission gears are respectively and rotatably arranged on the upper connecting spherical shell through a fixed support, and the six transmission gears are in one-to-one correspondence with the six first racks and are meshed with each other; the six first guide sleeves are fixedly arranged on the six fixed supports in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each first guide sleeve is internally provided with a second rack in a sliding manner, and the six second racks are in one-to-one correspondence with the six transmission gears and are meshed with each other; the six second guide sleeves are fixedly arranged on the six fixed supports in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the six second fixed slide bars are slidably arranged on the six second guide sleeves in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each second fixed slide bar is fixedly provided with a second fixed ring, the lower side of each second rack is fixedly provided with a first fixed slide bar, each first fixed slide bar is fixedly provided with a second fixed ring, six first transmission plates are arranged between the six first fixed slide bars and the six second fixed slide bars, one end of each first transmission plate is slidably arranged on each first fixed slide bar, and the other end of each first transmission plate is slidably arranged on each second fixed slide bar; a fourth spring is arranged between the first fixed ring and the first transmission plate, and a third spring is arranged between the second fixed ring and the second guide sleeve; the lower side of each first fixed sliding rod is fixedly provided with a second arc-shaped baffle plate which is matched with the second flow passage; the lower side of each second fixed sliding rod is fixedly provided with a first arc-shaped baffle plate which is matched with the first flow channel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. when the first conical plate and the second conical plate are both positioned on the third flow channel, only the third flow channel in the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel is in a communicated state; when the second conical plate moves downwards to be nested and matched with the second conical groove, the second conical plate and the first conical plate form a conical end of the second flow channel, and the second flow channel and the third flow channel are in a through state; when the first conical plate moves downwards to be nested and matched with the first conical groove, the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel are in a communicated state, namely, the nozzle designed by the invention has three different forms; in addition, the lower connecting spherical shell is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed mounting openings, and the nozzles mounted on each mounting opening have three different forms, namely, the laser cutting equipment provided by the invention has the nozzles in a plurality of different forms under the condition of not being provided with a nozzle library, so that the cutting of flat plates with different thicknesses can be met.

2. The invention realizes the adjustment of three forms of a single nozzle through a simple structure, and is convenient to operate; meanwhile, the automatic ring replacement capability can be realized after the mechanical arm is matched.

3. According to the invention, the first flow channel can be sealed through the first arc-shaped baffle plate, the second flow channel can be sealed through the second arc-shaped baffle plate, and when the first flow channel and the second flow channel are not used, dust can enter the first flow channel and the second flow channel through the first arc-shaped baffle plate and the second arc-shaped baffle plate, so that the laser effect is affected.

4. When the nozzle designed by the invention is impacted, the positioning slide bar can be extruded to slide beyond the first limiting block, the lower connecting spherical shell swings relative to the upper connecting spherical shell, the circular hole on the fixed spherical shell is misplaced with the mounting hole on the lower connecting spherical shell, and the laser is broken; such a design prevents the user from being scalded when the nozzle is impacted during use.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall component appearance.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall component distribution.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the upper connecting spherical shell, the lower connecting spherical shell and the fixed spherical shell.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a fixed spherical shell installation.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower connecting spherical shell.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the positioning slide bar installation.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the mating of the positioning slide and the upper connecting spherical shell.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a mounting of a stationary assembly.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a stationary assembly.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper connecting spherical shell.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the longitudinal and circumferential chute profiles.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a nozzle structure.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a first and second arcuate baffle installation.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of a first and second arcuate shutter drive.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a first drive plate installation.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the installation of the third spring and the fourth spring.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the installation of a first tapered plate and a second tapered plate.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the first and second drive levers installed.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the positioning slide grooves.

Reference numerals in the figures: 1. the upper part is connected with a spherical shell; 2. a laser input tube; 3. an air flow inlet; 4. a fixing assembly; 5. the lower part is connected with the spherical shell; 6. a nozzle; 7. a lens; 8. fixing the spherical shell; 9. positioning a slide bar; 10. a connecting rod; 11. a circular hole; 12. a first spring; 13. a mounting port; 14. a second spring; 15. a compacting shell; 16. a screw; 17. a limit rod; 18. a longitudinal chute; 19. a first limiting block; 20. a second limiting block; 21. a circumferential chute; 23. adjusting the sliding sleeve; 24. an L-shaped connecting rod; 25. installing a slip ring; 26. a first rack; 27. a first arcuate baffle; 28. a second arcuate baffle; 29. a first guide sleeve; 30. a transmission gear; 31. a second guide sleeve; 32. a fixed support; 33. a third spring; 34. a second rack; 35. a first fixed slide bar; 36. a first drive plate; 37. a fourth spring; 38. the second fixed slide bar; 39. a first fixing ring; 41. a second fixing ring; 42. a first tapered plate; 43. a second conical plate; 44. a first tapered recess; 45. a second tapered recess; 46. fixing the support rod; 47. a first flow passage; 48. a second flow passage; 49. a first driving lever; 50. a second driving lever; 51. a third fixing ring; 52. a fifth spring; 53. a second drive plate; 54. a transmission slide plate; 55. a guide slide block; 56. positioning a sliding block; 57. positioning a chute; 58. and a third flow passage.

Description of the embodiments

The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples or figures are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The laser cutting equipment comprises an upper connecting spherical shell 1, a laser input tube 2, a lower connecting spherical shell 5, a nozzle 6 and a lens 7, wherein the lens 7 is arranged at the lower end of the laser input tube 2, the upper connecting spherical shell 1 is fixedly arranged on the laser input tube 2, and an air flow input port 3 is arranged at the upper side of the upper connecting spherical shell 1 as shown in fig. 3; as shown in fig. 7, 10 and 11, a circle of circumferential sliding grooves 21 are formed in the inner ball wall of the upper connecting ball shell 1, and a plurality of longitudinal sliding grooves 18 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the upper side of the circumferential sliding grooves 21; the upper end of the longitudinal chute 18 is fixedly provided with a first limiting block 19, and two second limiting blocks 20 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the joint of the longitudinal chute 18 and the circumferential chute 21; as shown in fig. 3, the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is mounted on the lower side of the upper connecting spherical shell 1 in a spherical hinge manner, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a plurality of uniformly distributed mounting openings 13 are mounted on the lower side of the lower connecting spherical shell 5, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, nozzles 6 are mounted on the mounting openings 13; as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, a positioning slide bar 9 is slidably mounted on the lower connecting spherical shell 5, one end of the positioning slide bar 9 is a spherical surface, a first spring 12 is mounted between the positioning slide bar 9 and the lower connecting spherical shell 5, and the first spring 12 is a tension spring and has pretension; one end of the positioning slide bar 9, which is spherical, passes through the lower connecting spherical shell 5 and is matched with a circumferential chute 21 and a longitudinal chute 18 which are arranged on the upper connecting spherical shell 1; the longitudinal sliding grooves 18 arranged on the upper connecting spherical shell 1 are in one-to-one correspondence with the mounting openings 13 on the lower connecting spherical shell 5.

The first limiting block 19 and the second limiting block 20 have the functions of limiting the swing of the lower connecting spherical shell 5 relative to the upper connecting spherical shell 1, and simultaneously, the first limiting block 19 and the second limiting block 20 can play a role in prompting a user when the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is regulated. When adjusting, after one end of the sphere of the positioning slide bar 9 slides into the uppermost end of one of the longitudinal sliding grooves 18, the corresponding first limiting block 19 can play a limiting role in downward movement of the positioning slide bar 9, meanwhile, after the positioning slide bar 9 is extruded by the first limiting block 19 to move inwards and pass through the first limiting block 19, the positioning slide bar 9 can slide out again to be clamped between the first limiting block 19 and the upper end face of the longitudinal sliding groove 18 under the action of the first spring 12, on one hand, the swing of the lower connecting spherical shell 5 can receive a certain resistance after the positioning slide bar 9 contacts with the first limiting block 19, on the other hand, after the positioning slide bar 9 slides out again beyond the first limiting block 19, the inner wall surface of the longitudinal sliding groove 18 can be impacted to make a sound, and the two modes can play a prompting role for a user. Similarly, when the positioning slide bar 9 moves into the circumferential slide groove 21 and the lower connecting spherical shell 5 starts to rotate circumferentially, the positioning slide bar 9 passes through the corresponding second limiting block 20 when being matched with the next longitudinal slide groove 18, the rotation resistance of the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is increased, and meanwhile, the positioning slide bar 9 also sounds when passing over the second limiting block 20, so that a prompting effect is played for a user.

According to the invention, when the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is adjusted each time, the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is controlled to be aligned relative to the upper connecting spherical shell 1, namely, when the lower connecting spherical shell is adjusted each time, the positioning slide rod 9 is required to return to the circumferential slide groove 21 from the longitudinal slide groove 18 for adjustment. After the positioning slide bar 9 moves to the uppermost end of the longitudinal slide groove 18, the corresponding mounting opening 13 on the lower connecting spherical shell 5 also exactly corresponds to the circular hole 11 on the fixed spherical shell 8; each longitudinal runner 18 corresponds to one of the mounting openings 13 in the present invention.

As shown in fig. 4, a fixed spherical shell 8 is installed in the lower connecting spherical shell 5, and the fixed spherical shell 8 is fixedly connected with the laser input tube 2 through connecting rods 10 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the fixed spherical shell 8 is provided with a circular hole 11 aligned with the lower end of the laser input tube 2.

When the nozzle 6 designed by the invention is impacted, the positioning slide bar 9 can be extruded to slide beyond the first limiting block 19, the lower connecting spherical shell 5 swings relative to the upper connecting spherical shell 1, the circular hole 11 on the fixed spherical shell 8 is misplaced with the mounting opening 13 on the lower connecting spherical shell 5, and laser is broken; such a design prevents the user from being scalded when the nozzle 6 is bumped during use.

As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of fixing components 4 are uniformly installed on the outer spherical wall of the upper connecting spherical shell 1 in the circumferential direction.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the fixing assembly 4 includes a second spring 14, a pressing shell 15, a screw 16, and a limiting rod 17, wherein a plurality of limiting rods 17 are uniformly and fixedly installed on the pressing shell 15 in the circumferential direction, the pressing shell 15 is slidably installed on the outer spherical wall of the upper connecting spherical shell 1 through the limiting rod 17, and the second spring 14 is installed between the pressing shell 15 and the upper connecting spherical shell 1; the screw 16 is mounted on the pressing shell 15 through threaded fit, and one end of the screw 16 penetrates through the upper connecting spherical shell 1 to be matched with the lower connecting spherical shell 5.

In the invention, the upper connecting spherical shell 1 and the lower connecting spherical shell 5 can be locked through the fixing component 4, namely, after the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is adjusted, the lower connecting spherical shell 5 can be locked relative to the swing of the upper connecting spherical shell 1 through the fixing component 4.

When the screw 16 is rotated, the pressing shell 15 slides towards one side far away from the upper connecting spherical shell 1 relative to the outer wall of the upper connecting spherical shell 1 under the action of threads, the second spring 14 is stretched, the pulling force exerted by the second spring 14 on the pressing shell 15 is increased, the pressing shell 15 drives the screw 16 to increase the pressure of the lower connecting spherical shell 5, and the sliding resistance between the lower connecting spherical shell 5 and the screw 16 is increased; namely, the pressing force of the screw 16 to the lower connecting spherical shell 5 can be adjusted by rotating the screw 16, and the stability after adjustment between the lower connecting spherical shell 5 and the upper connecting spherical shell 1 can be improved.

The lower end of the nozzle 6 is provided with a first flow passage 47, a second flow passage 48 and a third flow passage 58 which are distributed from outside to inside, as shown in fig. 12, and the outer plate of the second flow passage 48 is fixedly arranged on the outer baffles of the first flow passage 47 and the second flow passage 48 through the fixing support rods 46, as shown in fig. 17; the three flow channels are composed of two parts, namely a conical end and a straight pipe end which are distributed up and down; the conical end of the third flow channel 58 is slidably provided with a first conical plate 42 and a second conical plate 43, the conical end of the first flow channel 47 is provided with a first conical groove 44 matched with the first conical plate 42, and the conical end of the second flow channel 48 is provided with a second conical groove 45 matched with the second conical plate 43; as shown in fig. 19, a positioning slide block 56 is fixedly installed on the outer circular surface of the upper end of the nozzle 6, as shown in fig. 12 and 19, an adjusting slide sleeve 23 is slidably installed on the outer circular surface of the upper end of the nozzle 6, a stepped positioning slide groove 57 is formed on the inner circular surface of the adjusting slide sleeve 23, and the positioning slide block 56 is positioned in the positioning slide groove 57; an elastic block which plays a limiting role on the positioning sliding block 56 is arranged in the positioning sliding groove 57; as shown in fig. 12 and 17, the lower side of the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 is uniformly and circumferentially fixedly provided with a plurality of L-shaped connecting rods 24, the lower side of the L-shaped connecting rods 24 is fixedly provided with a mounting sliding ring 25, a plurality of guide sliding blocks 55 are axially and uniformly slidably arranged on the mounting sliding ring 25, each guide sliding block 55 is fixedly provided with a transmission sliding plate 54, as shown in fig. 12, 17 and 18, the upper end of the transmission sliding plate 54 is fixedly provided with a first driving rod 49, and the upper end of the first driving rod 49 is fixedly connected with the first conical plate 42; a third fixed ring 51 is fixedly arranged on the first driving rod 49, one end of a second transmission plate 53 is slidably arranged on the first driving rod 49, and a fifth spring 52 is arranged between the second transmission plate 53 and the third fixed ring 51; the other end of the second transmission plate 53 is fixedly provided with a second driving rod 50, and the upper end of the second driving rod 50 is fixedly connected with the second conical plate 43.

With both the first tapered plate 42 and the second tapered plate 43 positioned over the third flow passage 58, only the third flow passage 58 of the first flow passage 47, the second flow passage 48, and the third flow passage 58 is in a through state; when the second tapered plate 43 moves down to be in nested engagement with the second tapered recess 45, the second tapered plate 43 and the first tapered plate 42 form the tapered end of the second flow channel 48, and the second flow channel 48 and the third flow channel 58 are in a open state; when first tapered plate 42 is moved down into nested engagement with first tapered recess 44, first flow passage 47, second flow passage 48, and third flow passage 58 are in a communicating state, i.e., nozzle 6 of the present design has three different configurations; in addition, the lower connecting spherical shell 5 is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed mounting openings 13, and the nozzles 6 mounted on each mounting opening 13 have three different forms, namely, the laser cutting device provided by the invention has the nozzles 6 in a plurality of different forms under the condition of not being provided with a nozzle 6 library, so that the cutting of flat plates with different thicknesses can be met.

When the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 is controlled to move downwards, the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 drives the L-shaped connecting rod 24 at the lower end to move downwards, the L-shaped connecting rod 24 drives the mounting sliding ring 25 to move downwards, the mounting sliding ring 25 drives the guide sliding block 55 to move downwards, the guide sliding block 55 drives the transmission sliding plate 54 to move downwards, the transmission sliding plate 54 moves downwards to drive the first driving rod 49 to move downwards, the first driving rod 49 moves downwards to drive the first conical plate 42 to move downwards, meanwhile, the first driving rod 49 moves downwards to drive the second driving plate 53 to move downwards through the fifth spring 52, the second driving plate 53 drives the second driving rod 50 to move downwards, and the second driving rod 50 moves downwards to drive the second conical plate 43 to move downwards; that is, initially, the first tapered plate 42 and the second tapered plate 43 move downward simultaneously, and after the second tapered plate 43 is nested with the second tapered recess 45, the second driving rod 50 stops moving downward, and the first driving rod 49 continues to move downward, at which time the fifth spring 52 is compressed.

When the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 is rotated, the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 moves downwards relative to the nozzle 6 under the cooperation of the positioning sliding block 56 and the positioning sliding groove 57, and after the second conical plate 43 is matched with the second conical groove 45, the positioning sliding block 56 just moves from one step surface to the other step surface, namely the step-shaped positioning sliding groove 57 plays a role in positioning the sliding of the adjusting sliding sleeve 23, so that the first conical plate 42 and the second conical plate 43 can be accurately positioned.

As shown in fig. 13, the upper ends of the six first racks 26 are respectively and fixedly mounted on the transmission slide plate 54, and as shown in fig. 14, 15 and 16, the six transmission gears 30 are respectively and rotatably mounted on the upper connecting spherical shell 1 through a fixed support 32, and the six transmission gears 30 are in one-to-one correspondence with the six first racks 26 and are meshed with each other; the six first guide sleeves 29 are fixedly arranged on the six fixed supports 32 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, a second rack 34 is slidably arranged in each first guide sleeve 29, and the six second racks 34 are in one-to-one correspondence with the six transmission gears 30 and are meshed with each other; six second guide sleeves 31 are fixedly arranged on six fixed supports 32 in one-to-one correspondence, six second fixed slide bars 38 are slidably arranged on six second guide sleeves 31 in one-to-one correspondence, each second fixed slide bar 38 is fixedly provided with a second fixed ring 41, the lower side of each second rack 34 is fixedly provided with a first fixed slide bar 35, each first fixed slide bar 35 is fixedly provided with a second fixed ring 41, six first transmission plates 36 are arranged between the six first fixed slide bars 35 and the six second fixed slide bars 38, one end of each first transmission plate 36 is slidably arranged on each first fixed slide bar 35, and the other end of each first transmission plate 36 is slidably arranged on each second fixed slide bar 38; a fourth spring 37 is arranged between the first fixing ring 39 and the first transmission plate 36, and a third spring 33 is arranged between the second fixing ring 41 and the second guide sleeve 31; a second arc-shaped baffle plate 28 is fixedly arranged on the lower side of each first fixed sliding rod 35, and the second arc-shaped baffle plates 28 are matched with the second flow channels 48; a first arcuate baffle 27 is fixedly mounted to the underside of each second fixed slide bar 38, the first arcuate baffle 27 being engaged with the first flow passage 47.

In the invention, the first flow channel 47 can be sealed by the first arc-shaped baffle plate 27, the second flow channel 48 can be sealed by the second arc-shaped baffle plate 28, and when the first flow channel 47 and the second flow channel 48 are not used, dust can enter the first flow channel 47 and the second flow channel 48 through the first arc-shaped baffle plate 27 and the second arc-shaped baffle plate 28 to influence the laser effect.

When the transmission slide plate 54 moves downwards, the transmission slide plate 54 drives the first rack 26 to move downwards, the first rack 26 drives the transmission gear 30 to rotate, the transmission gear 30 rotates to drive the second rack 34 to slide, the second rack 34 slides to drive the first fixed slide rod 35 to slide, and the first fixed slide rod 35 slides to drive the second arc-shaped baffle 28 to slide; when the first fixed slide bar 35 slides, the first fixed slide bar 35 can squeeze the fourth spring 37 through the second fixed ring 41, when the compression of the fourth spring 37 reaches the limit, the first fixed Huang Anhui drives the first transmission plate 36 to slide through the second fixed ring 41 and the fourth spring 37, the first transmission plate 36 slides to drive the second fixed ring 41 to slide, the second fixed ring 41 drives the second fixed slide bar 38 to slide, the second fixed slide bar 38 slides to drive the first arc-shaped baffle plate 27 to slide, and meanwhile, the third spring 33 compresses.

The third spring 33 has the function of resetting the second fixed slide bar 38 and the first arc baffle 27 mounted thereon; the fourth spring 37 functions to return the first fixed slide 35 and the second arc baffle 28 mounted thereon.

The invention organically combines the adjustment of the first arc baffle 27 and the second arc baffle 28 with the adjustment of the first flow channel 47 and the second flow channel 48, when the first conical plate 42 at the upper end of the first flow channel 47 is opened, the second arc baffle 28 moves upwards, and the lower end of the first flow channel 47 is also opened; the first arcuate baffle 27 moves upward when the second conical plate 43 at the upper end of the second flow passage 48 is opened, and the lower end of the second flow passage 48 is also opened.

The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation, etc. of the above embodiment according to the technical matter of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Embodiments are described below: when the nozzle 6 designed by the invention is used, the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 is rotated to enable the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 to move downwards when the nozzle 6 is adjusted, when the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 is controlled to move downwards, the adjusting sliding sleeve 23 drives the L-shaped connecting rod 24 at the lower end to move downwards, the L-shaped connecting rod 24 drives the mounting sliding ring 25 to move downwards, the mounting sliding ring 25 drives the guide sliding block 55 to move downwards, the guide sliding block 55 drives the transmission sliding plate 54 to move downwards, the transmission sliding plate 54 moves downwards to drive the first driving rod 49 to move downwards, the first driving rod 49 moves downwards to drive the first conical plate 42, and meanwhile, the first driving rod 49 moves downwards to drive the second driving plate 53 to move downwards through the fifth spring 52, the second driving plate 53 drives the second driving rod 50 to move downwards, and the second driving rod 50 moves downwards to drive the second conical plate 43 to move downwards; that is, at the beginning, the first conical plate 42 and the second conical plate 43 move downwards at the same time, when the second conical plate 43 moves downwards to be nested with the second conical groove 45, the second driving rod 50 stops moving downwards, the second conical plate 43 and the first conical plate 42 form the conical end of the second flow channel 48, and at the moment, the second flow channel 48 and the third flow channel 58 are in a communicated state; continuing the adjustment, the first drive lever 49 continues to move downward, at which time the fifth spring 52 is compressed; when first tapered plate 42 is moved down into nested engagement with first tapered recess 44, first, second and third flow passages 47, 48, 58 are in a communicating state.

Claims

1. A laser cutting apparatus, characterized in that: the laser device comprises an upper connecting spherical shell, a laser input pipe, a lower connecting spherical shell, a nozzle and a lens, wherein the lens is arranged at the lower end of the laser input pipe; the lower connecting spherical shell is arranged at the lower side of the upper connecting spherical shell in a spherical hinge mode, a plurality of uniformly distributed mounting openings are arranged at the lower side of the lower connecting spherical shell, and nozzles are arranged on the mounting openings;

2. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a fixed spherical shell is arranged in the lower connecting spherical shell, and the fixed spherical shell is fixedly connected with the laser input tube through connecting rods uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; and the fixed spherical shell is provided with a circular hole aligned with the lower end of the laser input tube.

3. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a circle of circumferential sliding grooves are formed in the inner ball wall of the upper connecting ball shell, and a plurality of longitudinal sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the upper side of each circumferential sliding groove; the upper end of the longitudinal chute is fixedly provided with a first limiting block, and two second limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the joint of the longitudinal chute and the circumferential chute; the lower connecting spherical shell is provided with a positioning slide bar in a sliding manner, one end of the positioning slide bar is a spherical surface, a first spring is arranged between the positioning slide bar and the lower connecting spherical shell, and the first spring is a tension spring and has pretension; one end of the positioning slide bar, which is spherical, penetrates through the lower connecting spherical shell to be matched with a circumferential chute and a longitudinal chute which are formed in the upper connecting spherical shell; the longitudinal sliding grooves formed in the upper connecting spherical shell correspond to the mounting openings in the lower connecting spherical shell one by one.

4. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: a plurality of fixing assemblies are uniformly arranged on the outer spherical wall of the upper connecting spherical shell in the circumferential direction;

5. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the conical end of the first flow channel is provided with a first conical groove matched with the first conical plate, and the conical end of the second flow channel is provided with a second conical groove matched with the second conical plate.

6. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the lower side of the adjusting sliding sleeve is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of L-shaped connecting rods, the lower side of each L-shaped connecting rod is fixedly provided with an installing sliding ring, a plurality of guide sliding blocks are axially and uniformly arranged on each installing sliding ring in a sliding manner, each guide sliding block is fixedly provided with a transmission sliding plate, the upper end of each transmission sliding plate is fixedly provided with a first driving rod, and the upper end of each first driving rod is fixedly connected with a first conical plate; a third fixed ring is fixedly arranged on the first driving rod, one end of the second transmission plate is slidably arranged on the first driving rod, and a fifth spring is arranged between the second transmission plate and the third fixed ring; the other end of the second transmission plate is fixedly provided with a second driving rod, and the upper end of the second driving rod is fixedly connected with the second conical plate.

7. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the outer plate of the second runner is fixedly arranged on the outer baffle plates of the first runner and the second runner through the fixing support rods.

8. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the inner circular surface of the adjusting sliding sleeve is provided with a stepped positioning sliding groove, the outer circular surface of the upper end of the nozzle is fixedly provided with a positioning sliding block, and the positioning sliding block is positioned in the positioning sliding groove; the positioning sliding groove is internally provided with an elastic block which plays a limiting role on the positioning sliding block.

9. A laser cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the upper ends of the six first racks are respectively and fixedly arranged on the transmission sliding plate, the six transmission gears are respectively and rotatably arranged on the upper connecting spherical shell through a fixed support, and the six transmission gears are in one-to-one correspondence with the six first racks and are meshed with each other; the six first guide sleeves are fixedly arranged on the six fixed supports in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each first guide sleeve is internally provided with a second rack in a sliding manner, and the six second racks are in one-to-one correspondence with the six transmission gears and are meshed with each other; the six second guide sleeves are fixedly arranged on the six fixed supports in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the six second fixed slide bars are slidably arranged on the six second guide sleeves in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each second fixed slide bar is fixedly provided with a second fixed ring, the lower side of each second rack is fixedly provided with a first fixed slide bar, each first fixed slide bar is fixedly provided with a second fixed ring, six first transmission plates are arranged between the six first fixed slide bars and the six second fixed slide bars, one end of each first transmission plate is slidably arranged on each first fixed slide bar, and the other end of each first transmission plate is slidably arranged on each second fixed slide bar; a fourth spring is arranged between the first fixed ring and the first transmission plate, and a third spring is arranged between the second fixed ring and the second guide sleeve; the lower side of each first fixed sliding rod is fixedly provided with a second arc-shaped baffle plate which is matched with the second flow passage; the lower side of each second fixed sliding rod is fixedly provided with a first arc-shaped baffle plate which is matched with the first flow channel.