CN116213106A - Separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth - Google Patents
Separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth Download PDFInfo
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- CN116213106A CN116213106A CN202310217625.2A CN202310217625A CN116213106A CN 116213106 A CN116213106 A CN 116213106A CN 202310217625 A CN202310217625 A CN 202310217625A CN 116213106 A CN116213106 A CN 116213106A
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GGLZPLKKBSSKCX-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-ethionine Chemical compound CCSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O GGLZPLKKBSSKCX-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O butylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH3+] HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 26
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAAXRTPGRLVPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi].[Cu] Chemical compound [Bi].[Cu] QAAXRTPGRLVPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- RBWFXUOHBJGAMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenebismuth Chemical compound [Bi]=S RBWFXUOHBJGAMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDBLDVSAFABEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu]=S.[Mo].[Bi] Chemical compound [Cu]=S.[Mo].[Bi] YDBLDVSAFABEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDPNRHCGEXRDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[Cu].[W] Chemical compound [Sn].[Cu].[W] IDPNRHCGEXRDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWXLLPFZAKTUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[W] Chemical compound [Sn].[W] AWXLLPFZAKTUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical group CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052612 amphibole Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940073609 bismuth oxychloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001779 copper mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 copper-lead-zinc-bismuth-tungsten-tin Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Bi]=O BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001612 separation test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth, and belongs to the technical field of mineral processing. The research object of the invention is bismuth-containing gravity concentration rough concentrate, firstly, weak magnetic separation is adopted to pre-select pyrrhotite with stronger magnetism, then natural bismuth is subjected to preferential flotation, and separation of the natural bismuth, the pyrrhotite and gangue is realized, so that high-grade bismuth concentrate is obtained. The method has the advantages of strong adaptability, high grade of the obtained bismuth concentrate, high recovery rate, economy, environmental protection and the like, is suitable for separating the natural bismuth from the pyrrhotite, and is particularly suitable for recovering the natural bismuth from the gravity separation rough concentrate containing the pyrrhotite and the natural bismuth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth, and belongs to the technical field of mineral processing.
Background
Pyrrhotite has the characteristics of large magnetic difference and large floatability difference. Widely exists in copper-lead-zinc-bismuth-tungsten-tin metal ores. Research and field production practice show that there are significant differences in the magnetic properties and floatability of pyrrhotite in the same deposit, such as the crystal structure, the isomorphism, the ratio of sulphur to iron and the crystal form, which results in great differences in the magnetic properties and floatability of pyrrhotite in the same deposit, and seriously interferes with recovery of valuable minerals in ores. The method is characterized in that the weak magnetic separation and the high-gradient strong magnetic separation are adopted for recycling the pyrrhotite with huge magnetic differences, and the efficient flotation reagent is adopted for separating the pyrrhotite from valuable minerals for the pyrrhotite with huge floatability differences.
Natural bismuth has the characteristics of good floatability, high density, brittleness and the like, and is an important source for extracting bismuth as an important bismuth mineral. Bismuth is used as a dispersed rare metal element, and although the bismuth minerals are various, independent bismuth ore deposits are rarely formed, bismuth is usually associated with the tungsten-tin ore deposits or copper ore deposits, bismuth is usually recovered as an associated beneficial component in the exploitation process of the tungsten-tin-copper ore deposits, the ore deposits are in subordinate positions, so that ore dressing recovery of bismuth is not paid attention, and the recovery rate of bismuth is generally low. At present, a flotation method or a gravity separation method is generally adopted to recycle bismuth minerals in production.
The flotation method has the characteristics of low lower limit of recovery granularity, high separation efficiency and the like, is a common ore dressing method for recovering natural bismuth, and is used for obtaining bismuth concentrate by adopting 'mixed flotation-reagent removal-sulfur inhibition floating bismuth', and specifically comprises the steps of obtaining bismuth-sulfur mixed concentrate by mixed flotation, carrying out reagent removal treatment on the bismuth-sulfur mixed concentrate, adding auxiliary inhibitor in a higher alkaline environment after reagent removal, and reducing floatability of sulphide minerals such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and the like, thereby realizing separation of bismuth and sulfur and arsenic. The process is complex, the difficulty of reagent removal control is high, the flotation separation effect is poor, and the like, particularly when a great amount of pyrrhotite is contained in the ore feed, as part of pyrrhotite has extremely good floatability, the pyrrhotite is difficult to inhibit, bismuth concentrate is extremely easy to enter, the flotation separation of bismuth and sulfur is difficult, the grade of the obtained bismuth concentrate is low, and even the bismuth concentrate cannot be obtained.
The gravity separation method is used for production by adopting a classical method for recovering bismuth minerals such as natural bismuth, the specific gravity of the self-titanium bismuth reaches 9.8, and the gravity separation method is remarkably higher than that of gangue minerals, pyrite, chalcopyrite and other sulphide minerals, and on the basis of the gravity separation method, a shaking table is used for gravity separation and recovery of natural bismuth in production. However, the bismuth is naturally fragile, and is easy to be crushed into micro-particle grade in operations such as exploitation, transportation, grinding and the like, so that the reselection recovery effect is poor, and mass production practice proves that the index obtained by adopting a shaking table reselection method is poor, and the bismuth recovery rate is only about 10%. For bismuth minerals with very fine embedded particle sizes, it is more difficult to obtain the ideal index by the reselection method.
The high-gradient high-intensity magnetic separation has the characteristics of high background magnetic field strength, high processing capacity and the like, is widely applied to the recovery of weak magnetic valuable minerals such as limonite, ilmenite and chromite, is also widely applied to the removal of weak magnetic gangue minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole and garnet, and is also applied to the separation of pyrrhotite and valuable minerals. In the geological mineral formation process, minerals are polluted by iron elements, so that part of natural bismuth has weak magnetism, and the effect of separating the natural bismuth from pyrrhotite by high-gradient strong magnetic separation is affected.
Therefore, the bismuth and sulfur separation is carried out by adopting single weak magnetic separation, high-gradient strong magnetic separation, floatation and gravity separation, and all the technical difficulties exist.
For bismuth beneficiation, technological workers have conducted some research.
Li Yupeng (with FeCl) 3 Leaching of bismuth metal [ J ] from complex bismuth ore]The research of leaching metal bismuth from complex bismuth ore with low grade, complex composition and associated molybdenum and copper minerals is carried out by adopting a conventional stirring leaching method at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the research of leaching is carried out on acidity and FeCl 3 The leaching rate of bismuth is influenced by the amount, leaching time, leaching agent dosage and the like. Experimental results show that FeCl is used 3 The leaching rate of bismuth can reach more than 95 percent. The research adopts hydrometallurgy to extract and recycle bismuth, has the defects of high cost and the like, and requires the bismuth grade of the treated material to reach a certain value to be effective, the bismuth grade of the research object reaches 7.86 percent, the bismuth grade of the beneficiated material is usually less than 1 percent, and obviously, the process is not suitable for treating the beneficiated material with low bismuth grade. The essence of the research is that bismuth is leached and separated from copper and molybdenum, and no pyrrhotite is mentioned, so the process is not suitable for treating materials with a large amount of pyrrhotite and low bismuth grade.
Shortz et al (research on treating a copper-containing polymetallic ore by dressing and smelting combined process) [ J ], "foreign metal ore dressing" 2007, 03:40-46), research on the technical mineralogy characteristics of a copper-containing polymetallic ore in inner Mongolia, formulated a reasonable copper-bismuth dressing and smelting combined process flow, and provided a technical basis for the ore development. The research object is copper bismuth bulk concentrate, the copper grade is 21.6%, the copper recovery rate is 95.26%, the bismuth grade is 4.58%, the bismuth recovery rate is 78.86%, and the copper bismuth is separated by adopting an atmospheric pressure acid leaching-displacement method, so that bismuth oxychloride and copper concentrate containing 20% of copper are obtained, the bismuth leaching rate is 98%, and the copper leaching rate is 6%. The study of this paper focused on copper bismuth mixed flotation, rather than separation of pyrrhotite from natural bismuth. Therefore, the process is not suitable for treating a material containing natural bismuth and pyrrhotite.
Jianjian (flotation separation test of certain high-arsenic bismuth-sulfur concentrate) [ J ], [ Metal mine ] 2018, 05:108-112), wherein the combined flow of weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation is adopted to efficiently remove the pyrrhotite with larger magnetic difference, so that the ore quantity of bismuth and arsenic flotation separation is greatly reduced, and the influence of pyrrhotite on subsequent flotation is reduced. Good separation effect of sulfur, bismuth and arsenic is obtained, and the high-efficiency comprehensive recycling of the high-arsenic bismuth-sulfur concentrate is realized. The separation of the pyrrhotite and the bismuth minerals adopts weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation, the separation of the bismuth minerals and the arsenopyrite adopts floatation, composite alkali and SP are used as a arsenopyrite inhibitor, lead nitrate is used as a bismuth activator, BIC is used as a bismuth collector, and the bismuth concentrate with the bismuth grade of 50.19% and the bismuth recovery rate of 80.33% is obtained. The magnetic separation method has the defects of high yield of pyrrhotite, serious bismuth loss, low bismuth recovery rate and the like, and lead nitrate is heavy metal salt, and is also harmful to the environment as a bismuth activator, and essential bismuth minerals and toxic sand separated by floatation are not pyrrhotite and natural bismuth.
CN104162480a discloses a method for concentrating copper-molybdenum-bismuth-sulfur polymetallic ore, which adopts a concentrating process of 'bismuth is collected by a copper tail shaking table-bismuth-sulfur is separated by shaking table tailing flotation', part of bismuth ore is pre-selected by shaking table, and then activator sulfuric acid, oxalic acid and inhibitor ZY-02 are added to separate bismuth and sulfur. The problem of poor bismuth and sulfur separation indexes is solved through a heavy-floating combined process. However, this method has not involved the efficient separation of pyrrhotite from natural bismuth.
CN107971127a discloses a beneficiation method for separating bismuth and sulfur in bismuth and sulfur concentrate, which adopts 'weak magnetic separation + strong magnetic separation' to separate pyrrhotite from bismuth minerals, and then adopts floatation to separate bismuth minerals from pyrite, thus obtaining bismuth concentrate and pyrite concentrate. The research still adopts weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation for separating the pyrrhotite from the bismuth minerals, the separation for separating the pyrite from the bismuth minerals adopts floatation, and the defects of high yield of separating the pyrrhotite by magnetic separation, serious bismuth loss, low bismuth recovery rate and the like exist, and the essential bismuth minerals and pyrite separated by floatation are not explicitly related to the separation for the pyrrhotite from natural bismuth.
CN101823024a discloses a beneficiation method of natural bismuth minerals, which comprises the steps of floating natural bismuth carrier minerals in a weak alkaline environment, removing chemicals by active carbon, adding water glass or zinc sulfate and other inhibitors to separate natural bismuth from the carrier minerals in a segmented manner, so that the full-floating process flow of natural bismuth is realized. This method is not explicitly related to the separation of pyrrhotite from natural bismuth.
In view of the above, the invention provides a novel beneficiation process to solve the separation problem of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that in the existing separation process of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth, the magnetic difference and floatability difference of pyrrhotite are large, part of natural bismuth dyed by iron easily enters a strong magnetic product in high-gradient strong magnetic separation, part of pyrrhotite with excellent floatability easily enters flotation concentrate, the separation of pyrrhotite and the natural bismuth is difficult, and the grade and recovery rate of the obtained bismuth concentrate are low, the invention provides a method for efficiently separating pyrrhotite from the natural bismuth.
The method firstly adopts weak magnetic separation to remove the pyrrhotite with stronger magnetism, and reduces the interference of the pyrrhotite on the subsequent separation. And (3) aiming at the natural bismuth recovered by adopting preferential flotation after the concentration of the weak magnetic tailings, separating pyrrhotite from the natural bismuth by adopting a high-selectivity flotation reagent to obtain bismuth concentrate with high grade and high recovery rate, and avoiding natural bismuth loss caused by high-gradient strong magnetic separation. And (3) the flotation tailings are subjected to high-gradient strong magnetic separation to strengthen recovery of pyrrhotite. In the invention, the technology thought of 'weak magnetic separation-preferential flotation-strong magnetic separation' is adopted, and the efficient separation of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth is realized by combining an efficient flotation reagent, so that the bismuth concentrate with high grade and high recovery rate is obtained.
The specific steps of the invention are as follows:
(1) Carrying out weak magnetic separation on the bismuth-containing gravity separation rough concentrate to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate with stronger magnetism and weak magnetic tailings; the low-intensity magnetic separation is performed in a low-intensity magnetic separator, and the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is adjusted to be 0.1-0.3T.
(2) Concentrating the weak magnetic tailings obtained in the step (1), and performing flotation operation after adjusting the concentration of the ore pulp to 25-35%, wherein the flotation operation comprises one roughing, two scavenging and two-four fine selection; wherein, for one roughing, adding 800 g-3000 g/t of pyrrhotite inhibitor according to the weight of ore feeding, stirring for 2-4 minutes, then adding 60-100 g/t of natural bismuth collector, stirring for 2-4 minutes, then adding 0-30 g/t of foaming agent, and stirring for 1-2 minutes; adding 9-20 g/t of natural bismuth collector and 0-10 g/t of foaming agent in one-time scavenging; adding natural bismuth collector 6 g g/t-12 g/t and foaming agent 0-5 g/t in secondary scavenging; 200g/t to 1000g/t of pyrrhotite inhibitor is added for two to four times of carefully selecting each time; finally obtaining high-grade bismuth concentrate and flotation tailings; wherein the pyrrhotite inhibitor is any two mixtures of complex alkali, sodium sulfite, zinc sulfate, sodium humate, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium silicate; the natural bismuth collector is any two mixtures of ethionine, ethylxanthate, butyl Huang Yao, ethionine and butylammonium black drug; the foaming agent is terpineol oil or methyl isobutyl carbinol.
(3) Performing strong magnetic roughing on the flotation tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain pyrrhotite rough concentrate with weak magnetism and strong magnetic tailings; the strong magnetic roughing is performed in a high-gradient strong magnetic separator, and the magnetic field strength is adjusted to be 0.4-T-0.8T.
(4) Carrying out strong magnetic concentration on the pyrrhotite rough concentrate with weak magnetism in the step (3) to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate with weak magnetism and magnetite middlings; the strong magnetic concentration is carried out in a strong magnetic separator, and the magnetic field intensity is regulated to be 0.3-0.7T.
(5) Combining the strong magnetic tailings obtained in the step (3) with the magnetic middlings obtained in the step (4) to obtain final tailings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention adopts the combined process flow of weak magnetic-preferential floatation and strong magnetic, and the weak magnetic separation reduces the interference of the pyrrhotite on floatation as much as possible, and simultaneously, the preferential floatation improves the grade and the recovery rate of natural bismuth as much as possible, and the strong magnetic separation ensures the effective recovery of the pyrrhotite.
(2) The invention avoids the pollution of flotation agents to the mineral surface, avoids the overgrinding of natural bismuth caused by further grinding and the loss of natural bismuth caused by high-gradient strong magnetic separation, adopts effective inhibitor to inhibit pyrrhotite, and realizes the efficient separation of natural bismuth and pyrrhotite under the conditions of no reagent removal, no grinding and no activation by adopting efficient collecting agent to collect the natural bismuth, thereby obtaining bismuth concentrate with high grade and recovery rate, and effectively solving the technical problem of separation of the natural bismuth and the pyrrhotite.
(3) According to the invention, natural bismuth recovery is realized, and pyrrhotite concentrate is obtained, so that comprehensive recovery and utilization of mineral resources are realized.
The invention adopts weak magnetic separation to pre-select the pyrrhotite with strong magnetism, and adopts preferential floatation to recycle natural bismuth after the weak magnetic tailings are concentrated, and adopts strong magnetic separation to recycle the pyrrhotite with weak magnetism, thereby realizing the effective separation of the natural bismuth and the pyrrhotite, and obtaining bismuth concentrate with high grade and recovery rate. The method has the advantages of strong adaptability, high grade of the obtained bismuth concentrate, high recovery rate, economy, environmental protection and the like, is suitable for separating the natural bismuth from the pyrrhotite, and is particularly suitable for recovering the natural bismuth from the gravity separation rough concentrate containing the pyrrhotite and the natural bismuth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: the natural ore feeding is a gravity concentration rough concentrate containing natural bismuth and pyrrhotite in a certain place in Yunnan China, and the specific steps are as follows as shown in figure 1:
(1) Carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation on the bismuth-containing gravity separation rough concentrate in a low-intensity magnetic separator, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.1T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 1 and low-intensity magnetic tailings;
(2) Concentrating the weak magnetic tailings to the concentration of 25% of ore pulp, and feeding the weak magnetic tailings into flotation to obtain bismuth concentrate and flotation tailings; the flotation comprises one roughing, two scavenging and three concentrating; wherein the dosage of the medicament for each operation is shown in table 1;
(3) Feeding the flotation tailings in the step (2) into a high-gradient strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic roughing, and regulating the magnetic field strength to be 0.4T to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate and strong magnetic tailings;
(4) Feeding the strong magnetic rough concentrate into a strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic concentration, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.3T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 2 and magnetite middling;
(5) Combining the strong magnetic tailings in the step (3) with the magnetic middlings in the step (4) to serve as tailings. The obtained index is shown in table 2.
By adopting the technology, the pyrrhotite with stronger magnetism is effectively recovered through weak magnetic separation, pyrrhotite concentrate 1 with 37.19 percent of sulfur grade and 27.39 percent of sulfur recovery rate is obtained, the weak magnetic tailings are subjected to high-efficiency flotation on natural bismuth to obtain bismuth concentrate with 48.95 percent of bismuth grade and 90.47 percent of bismuth recovery rate, and the flotation tailings are subjected to high-gradient strong magnetic separation to recover pyrrhotite with weaker magnetism to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 2 with 31.28 percent of sulfur grade and 65.03 percent of sulfur recovery rate. The separation of natural bismuth and pyrrhotite is efficiently realized, and the bismuth concentrate with high grade and high recovery rate and the pyrrhotite concentrate are obtained.
Example 2: the ore feed of this example was a gravity concentrate containing natural bismuth and pyrrhotite somewhere in guangdong of china. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation on the gravity concentration rough concentrate in a low-intensity magnetic separator, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.3T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 1 and low-intensity magnetic tailings;
(2) Concentrating the weak magnetic tailings to the concentration of 35% of ore pulp, and feeding the weak magnetic tailings into flotation to obtain bismuth concentrate and flotation tailings, wherein the flotation comprises primary roughing, secondary scavenging and tertiary concentration; wherein the dosage of the medicament for each operation is shown in table 1;
(3) Feeding the flotation tailings into a high-gradient strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic roughing, and regulating the magnetic field strength to 0.8T to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate and strong magnetic tailings;
(4) Feeding the strong magnetic rough concentrate into a strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic concentration, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.7T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 2 and magnetite middling;
(5) Combining the strong magnetic tailings in the step (3) with the magnetic middlings in the step (4) to obtain indexes shown in Table 2.
By adopting the technology, the pyrrhotite with stronger magnetism is effectively recovered through weak magnetic separation, pyrrhotite concentrate 1 with 36.22 percent of sulfur grade and 41.97 percent of sulfur recovery rate is obtained, the weak magnetic tailings are subjected to high-efficiency flotation on natural bismuth to obtain bismuth concentrate with 51.89 percent of bismuth grade and 89.90 percent of bismuth recovery rate, the flotation tailings are subjected to high-gradient strong magnetic separation to recover pyrrhotite with weaker magnetism, the sulfur grade is 30.29 percent, and the pyrrhotite concentrate 2 with 52.86 percent of sulfur recovery rate is obtained. The separation of natural bismuth and pyrrhotite is efficiently realized, and the bismuth concentrate with high grade and high recovery rate and the pyrrhotite concentrate are obtained.
Example 3: the ore feeding in this example is a gravity concentration rough concentrate containing natural bismuth and pyrrhotite in certain places in Hunan province of China.
(1) Carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation on the gravity concentration rough concentrate in a low-intensity magnetic separator, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.2T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 1 and low-intensity magnetic tailings;
(2) Concentrating the weak magnetic tailings to 30% of the ore pulp concentration, and feeding the concentrate to flotation to obtain bismuth concentrate and flotation tailings, wherein the flotation comprises one roughing, two scavenging and four concentrating, and the dosage of the agent is shown in table 1;
(3) Feeding the flotation tailings into a high-gradient strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic roughing, and regulating the magnetic field strength to 0.7T to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate and strong magnetic tailings;
(4) Feeding the strong magnetic rough concentrate into a strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic concentration, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.6T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 2 and magnetite middling;
(5) Combining the strong magnetic tailings in the step (3) with the magnetic middlings in the step (4) to obtain indexes shown in Table 2.
By adopting the technology, the pyrrhotite with stronger magnetism is effectively recovered through weak magnetic separation, the pyrrhotite concentrate 1 with the sulfur grade of 35.15 percent and the sulfur recovery rate of 48.27 percent is obtained, the weak magnetic tailings are subjected to high-efficiency flotation on natural bismuth to obtain the bismuth concentrate with the bismuth grade of 53.91 percent and the bismuth recovery rate of 89.86 percent, the flotation tailings are subjected to high-gradient strong magnetic separation to recover the pyrrhotite with weaker magnetism, the sulfur grade of 32.12 percent and the pyrrhotite concentrate 2 with the sulfur recovery rate of 48.63 percent. The separation of natural bismuth and pyrrhotite is efficiently realized, and the bismuth concentrate with high grade and high recovery rate and the pyrrhotite concentrate are obtained.
Example 4: the ore feeding in the embodiment is a gravity concentration rough concentrate containing natural bismuth and pyrrhotite in a certain place of Jiangxi China.
(1) Carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation on the gravity concentration rough concentrate in a low-intensity magnetic separator, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.15T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 1 and low-intensity magnetic tailings;
(2) Concentrating the weak magnetic tailings to 28% of the ore pulp concentration, and feeding the ore pulp to flotation to obtain bismuth concentrate and flotation tailings, wherein the flotation comprises one roughing, two scavenging and two concentrating, and the dosage of the agents is shown in table 1;
(3) Feeding the flotation tailings into a high-gradient strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic roughing, and regulating the magnetic field strength to be 0.6T to obtain strong magnetic rough concentrate and strong magnetic tailings;
(4) Feeding the strong magnetic rough concentrate into a strong magnetic separator for strong magnetic concentration, and adjusting the magnetic field strength to be 0.5T to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate 2 and magnetite middling;
(5) Combining the strong magnetic tailings in the step (3) with the magnetic middlings in the step (4) to obtain indexes shown in Table 2.
By adopting the technology, the pyrrhotite with stronger magnetism is effectively recovered through weak magnetic separation, the pyrrhotite concentrate 1 with the sulfur grade of 34.95% and the sulfur recovery rate of 32.65% is obtained, the weak magnetic tailings are subjected to high-efficiency flotation of natural bismuth, the bismuth concentrate with the bismuth grade of 49.17% and the bismuth recovery rate of 90.41% is obtained, the flotation tailings are subjected to high-gradient strong magnetic separation to recover the pyrrhotite with weaker magnetism, the sulfur grade is 33.16%, and the pyrrhotite concentrate 2 with the sulfur recovery rate of 58.91%. The separation of natural bismuth and pyrrhotite is efficiently realized, and the bismuth concentrate with high grade and high recovery rate and the pyrrhotite concentrate are obtained.
Table 1 example 1 to 4 dosage (g/ton. Feed)
Table 2 example test results
Claims (7)
1. A separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Carrying out weak magnetic separation on the bismuth-containing gravity separation rough concentrate to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate with stronger magnetism and weak magnetic tailings;
(2) Concentrating the weak magnetic tailings obtained in the step (1), and performing flotation operation after adjusting the concentration of the ore pulp to 25-35%, wherein the flotation operation comprises one roughing, two scavenging and two-four fine selection; wherein, for one roughing, adding 800 g-3000 g/t of pyrrhotite inhibitor according to the weight of ore feeding, stirring for 2-4 minutes, then adding 60-100 g/t of natural bismuth collector, stirring for 2-4 minutes, then adding 0-30 g/t of foaming agent, and stirring for 1-2 minutes; adding 9-20 g/t of natural bismuth collector and 0-10 g/t of foaming agent in one-time scavenging; adding natural bismuth collector 6 g g/t-12 g/t and foaming agent 0-5 g/t in secondary scavenging; adding 200g to 1000g/t of pyrrhotite inhibitor for each time of two to four times of carefully selecting; finally obtaining high-grade bismuth concentrate and flotation tailings;
(3) Performing strong magnetic roughing on the flotation tailings obtained in the step (2) to obtain pyrrhotite rough concentrate with weak magnetism and strong magnetic tailings;
(4) Carrying out strong magnetic concentration on the pyrrhotite rough concentrate with weak magnetism in the step (3) to obtain pyrrhotite concentrate with weak magnetism and magnetite middlings;
(5) Combining the strong magnetic tailings obtained in the step (3) with the magnetic middlings obtained in the step (4) to obtain final tailings.
2. The separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the low-intensity magnetic separation is performed in a low-intensity magnetic separator, and the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is adjusted to be 0.1-0.3T.
3. The separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pyrrhotite inhibitor in the step (2) is any two mixtures of compound alkali, sodium sulfite, zinc sulfate, sodium humate, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium silicate.
4. The separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the natural bismuth collecting agent in the step (2) is any two mixtures of ethionine, ethylxanthate, butyl Huang Yao, ethionine and butylammonium black drug.
5. The separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foaming agent in the step (2) is pine oil or methyl isobutyl carbinol.
6. The separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the strong magnetic roughing in the step (3) is carried out in a high-gradient strong magnetic separator, and the magnetic field intensity is regulated to be 0.4-T-0.8T.
7. The separation method of pyrrhotite and natural bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the strong magnetic selection in the step (4) is carried out in a strong magnetic separator, and the magnetic field intensity is regulated to be 0.3-0.7T.
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