CN116212599B - Nitrogen-hydrogen water separator and fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen water separation - Google Patents

Nitrogen-hydrogen water separator and fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen water separation Download PDF

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CN116212599B
CN116212599B CN202310502762.0A CN202310502762A CN116212599B CN 116212599 B CN116212599 B CN 116212599B CN 202310502762 A CN202310502762 A CN 202310502762A CN 116212599 B CN116212599 B CN 116212599B
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nitrogen
cavity
temperature
gas
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CN116212599A (en
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徐楠
林茹
曹原
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Jiangsu Shenhydrochen Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Shenhydrochen Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/266—Drying gases or vapours by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention provides a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen-water separation, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to the technical field of gas separation. The fuel cell hydrogen circulation system with the function of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises: the device comprises an ejector, a galvanic pile, a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a hydrogen circulating pump, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator comprises a nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a water separator; the electric pile is respectively connected with the ejector and the water separator, the water separator is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump, and the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with the ejector; the water separator and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator are respectively connected with an exhaust valve; the nitrogen-hydrogen separator repeatedly separates nitrogen and hydrogen through a plurality of separation units by using a membrane separation method, the membrane separation method has the advantages of simple structure, quick start and strong pertinence, the separation efficiency of hydrogen is greatly improved, the hydrogen is recycled by using a circulating system, and the waste of hydrogen is greatly reduced.

Description

Nitrogen-hydrogen water separator and fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen water separation
Technical Field
The invention provides a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen-water separation, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to the technical field of gas separation.
Background
Gas separation technology is increasingly used in a variety of industrial fields; hydrogen is an important industrial raw material and is also an ideal secondary energy source; in the prior art, a hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity by reacting hydrogen and oxygen in a stack, and as the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell proceeds, the concentration of water vapor generated in the stack and nitrogen permeated from a cathode to an anode through a proton exchange membrane gradually increases, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen. When the nitrogen concentration reaches a certain degree, in order to ensure the reactor reaction rate, the mixed gas containing a large amount of nitrogen and water vapor is required to be removed, so that the hydrogen concentration is improved; the hydrogen in the mixed gas is also discharged, so that waste is formed; in order to improve the hydrogen utilization efficiency, the hydrogen circulation system is required to re-convey the insufficiently reacted gas back to the electric pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen-water separation, which are used for solving the problem of hydrogen waste during mixed gas discharge:
a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator comprising a nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a water separator; the air outlet of the water separator is connected with the air inlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator; the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises a plurality of separation units, and the air outlet of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the next separation unit in series.
Further, the separation unit comprises a preliminary filtering unit and a depth filtering unit; the air outlet of the preliminary filtering unit is connected with the air inlet of the depth filtering unit.
Further, the preliminary filtration unit comprises a mixed gas chamber and a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane; the depth filtration unit comprises a cold cavity, a micro-channel group and a hot cavity;
the gas outlet of the mixed gas cavity is connected with the gas inlet of the cold cavity through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane, and the gas outlet of the cold cavity is connected with the gas inlet of the hot cavity through the micro-channel group;
the heating cavity comprises a shell, a heating device is arranged on the shell, and the air outlet of the heating cavity of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity of the next separation unit;
further, the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity is the air inlet of the separation unit.
Further, the heating device comprises a heater, a temperature sensor and a temperature control switch;
the temperature sensor is arranged on the shell inside the thermal cavity; the shell is provided with a wire guide hole, and a wire penetrates through the wire guide hole;
the heater and the temperature control switch are arranged outside the shell, and one end of the heater is connected with one end of the temperature control switch;
The temperature sensor is connected with the temperature control switch through a wire, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature control switch;
the signal output end of the temperature control switch is connected with the signal input end of the heater;
the temperature sensor is connected with the temperature control switch through a wire, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature control switch;
the signal output end of the temperature control switch is connected with the signal input end of the heater;
the heating method of the heating device is as follows:
the temperature sensor acquires the temperature of the thermal cavity in real time, and when the temperature of the thermal cavity is larger than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater, and the heater adjusts the temperature in the thermal cavity to reduce the temperature in the thermal cavity;
when the temperature of the thermal cavity is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater, and the heater adjusts the temperature in the thermal cavity to enable the temperature in the thermal cavity to rise;
when the temperature in the hot cavity reaches a preset temperature threshold, the gas in the hot cavity and the gas in the cold cavity generate a heat transpiration effect, and the gas is deeply separated.
Further, the micro-channel group comprises a low-temperature gas channel, a high-temperature gas channel and a third gas channel, wherein the third gas channel is respectively connected with the low-temperature gas channel and the high-temperature gas channel side by side;
the cold chamber includes a condenser;
the condenser controls the temperature value of the cold cavity, the temperature value of the cold cavity is set to be a minimum temperature value, the heater sets the temperature value of the hot cavity, and the temperature value of the hot cavity is set to be a temperature threshold;
setting the characteristic size of the low-temperature gas channel smaller than the molecular mean free path of hydrogen and larger than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen;
setting the characteristic size of the high-temperature gas channel to be smaller than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen, and setting a nitrogen molecular sieve in the high-temperature gas channel;
a switch controller is arranged in the third gas channel, an air inlet of the third gas channel is connected with an air outlet of the cold cavity, and an air outlet of the third gas channel is connected with an air inlet of the hot cavity;
the air inlet and the air outlet of the third air channel are respectively provided with a switch valve, the switch controller is also connected with a pressure sensor, the signal input end of the switch controller is connected with the pressure signal output end of the pressure sensor, and the control signal output end of the switch controller is connected with the signal input end of the switch valve;
The switch controller is provided with a pressure threshold;
the characteristic size calculation formula of the high-temperature gas channel is as follows；
L 1 Is the characteristic dimension of a high-temperature gas channel, L 2 Is the characteristic dimension of the low-temperature gas channel, d 1 Is the effective diameter of hydrogen molecule, d 2 Is the effective diameter of nitrogen molecule, P 1 For hydrogen molecular pressure, P 2 Setting the average free path of nitrogen molecules as M for the nitrogen molecule pressure, and setting L 1 In the range of 0.8M<L 1 <M；
When the temperature sensor collects that the temperature in the thermal cavity reaches a temperature threshold value, a heat flow escaping effect is generated; the method for generating the heat flow escape effect comprises the following steps:
when the mixed gas enters the deep separation unit, the micro-channel group is in an open state, and the mixed gas enters the hot cavity from the cold cavity through the micro-channel group;
when the pressure of the deep separation unit reaches a pressure threshold value, the pressure sensor sends a pressure signal to the switch controller, and the switch controller controls the switch valve of the third gas channel to be closed;
when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the hot cavity reaches the temperature threshold, the temperature in the hot cavity and the temperature in the cold cavity form a temperature difference, the reaction condition of the heat flow escaping effect is met, and the heat flow escaping effect occurs.
Further, the fuel cell hydrogen circulation system with the function of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises an ejector, a galvanic pile, the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a hydrogen circulation pump;
The air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the air outlet of the ejector, the air outlet of the electric pile is connected with the air inlet of the water separator, the air outlet of the water separator is connected with the air inlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, the air outlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, and the air outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with the air inlet of the ejector;
the water separator and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator are respectively connected with an exhaust valve; the exhaust valve is divided into an exhaust valve I and an exhaust valve II; the exhaust valve connected with the water separator is an exhaust valve I, the exhaust valve connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is an exhaust valve II, and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is any one of the separators.
Further, a first switching valve is arranged between the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the water separator, and a second switching valve is arranged between the water separator and the hydrogen circulating pump;
the second switching valve is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the first switching valve in parallel;
the water separator comprises a water separation cavity; the water separation cavity comprises a first water separation cavity and a second water separation cavity, the first water separation cavity is positioned above the second water separation cavity, and an outlet of the first water separation cavity is connected with an inlet of the second water separation cavity;
The first water separation cavity comprises a filtering device and a mixed gas exhaust port, the mixed gas exhaust port is connected with a first switch valve, the filtering device is a water filter, the second water separation cavity is provided with a vapor exhaust port, and the vapor exhaust port is connected with a first exhaust valve;
the first exhaust valve is connected with the water inlet of the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the first exhaust valve;
the method for separating water vapor by the water separator comprises the following steps:
the mixed gas enters a first water separation cavity, water vapor passes through a water filter and enters a second water separation cavity, and the mixed gas stored in the first water separation cavity is discharged through a mixed gas exhaust port and flows to a first switch valve;
the vapor in the second water separation cavity is discharged from the first exhaust valve through the vapor discharge port;
an exhaust pipeline is arranged between the exhaust valve I and the water inlet of the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the exhaust pipeline.
Further, an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel are respectively connected to the air inlet and the air outlet of the electric pile;
a power sensor is arranged on an air outlet channel of the electric pile; the signal input end of the power sensor is connected with the electric signal output end of the electric pile;
one end of the power sensor is connected with the controller, and the signal output end of the power sensor is connected with the signal input end of the controller; the signal output end of the controller is respectively connected with the signal input ends of the first switch valve and the second switch valve.
Further, the controller controls the opening and closing of the first switch valve and the second switch valve according to the power signal collected by the power sensor, and the specific steps are as follows:
the controller collects power signals in the pile through the power sensor, and the controller comprises a digital signal processor;
the controller controls the first switch valve and the second switch valve through the power value acquired by the sensor, and the specific steps comprise: s1, dividing the range of a power signal by a digital signal processor of a controller to obtain a high-power interval and a low-power interval;
the high power interval is 20% of the maximum power of the electric pile to the maximum power of the electric pile; the low power interval is 0 to 20% of the maximum power of the galvanic pile;
s2, when the power of the electric pile is in a low power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
s3, the controller controls the first switching valve to be closed and the second switching valve to be opened; the mixed gas enters a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector after passing through the hydrogen circulating pump;
s4, when the power of the electric pile is in a high power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
S5, the controller controls the first switching valve to be opened and the second switching valve to be closed; the mixed gas enters a nitrogen-hydrogen separator after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector through a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by the nitrogen-hydrogen separator.
Further, a gas flow rate regulating valve is arranged between the first switching valve and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator;
one end of the gas flow rate regulating valve is provided with a gas flow rate sensor, one end of the gas flow rate regulating valve is also connected with a gas flow rate controller, and a signal output end of the gas flow rate sensor is connected with a signal input end of the gas flow rate controller; the gas flow rate is regulated as follows:
the gas flow rate sensor collects gas flow rate signals of the first switch valve, and sends the collected gas flow rate signals to the gas flow rate controller, wherein the gas flow rate controller is provided with a gas flow rate threshold;
when the gas flow rate value is larger than the gas flow rate threshold value, the gas flow rate controller sends a control signal to the gas flow rate regulating valve, and the gas flow rate regulating valve regulates down the gas flow rate;
when the gas flow rate value is smaller than the gas flow rate threshold value, the gas flow rate controller sends a control signal to the gas flow rate regulating valve, and the gas flow rate regulating valve regulates the gas flow rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises a plurality of separation units, wherein each separation unit comprises a mixed gas cavity, a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane, a cold cavity, a micro-channel group and a hot cavity, the mixed gas cavity is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane, the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane is connected with the cold cavity, the cold cavity is connected with the micro-channel group, and the micro-channel group is connected with the hot cavity, so that the separation efficiency of hydrogen is improved through the connection of each component; in the fuel cell hydrogen circulation system with the function of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, a plurality of separation units perform repeated preliminary filtration and deep filtration on the mixed gas, so that the separation efficiency of the mixed gas is improved, the nitrogen-hydrogen separator performs efficient separation on nitrogen and hydrogen, the recovery rate of hydrogen is improved, and waste is effectively avoided. When the switch valve is closed, the hydrogen content concentration is high, and the hydrogen directly participates in circulation, so that the energy consumption of the separator is reduced. The device of the membrane separation method has simple structure and quick start, and the membrane component has selective permeability to gas, has strong pertinence, and greatly improves the separation efficiency of the gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of a nitrogen-hydrogen separation unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a nitrogen-hydrogen separator separation unit in series;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal chamber temperature control composition connection;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a thermal runaway effect gas flow;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the water separation process components and water reuse of the water separator;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a pile power harvesting device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a gas flow rate adjustment assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the basic components of a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system with a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator function;
1, a mixed gas cavity; 2. a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane; 3. a cold chamber; 4. a microchannel group; 5. a thermal chamber; 6. a heater.
Detailed Description
The following description of specific embodiments of the invention will be presented in conjunction with the drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention, and are not restrictive of the invention.
The invention provides a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator, which comprises a nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a water separator; the air outlet of the water separator is connected with the air inlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator; the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises a plurality of separation units, and the air outlet of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the next separation unit in series; wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the plurality of separation units includes separation units 1 to N.
The separation unit comprises a preliminary filtering unit and a depth filtering unit; the air outlet of the preliminary filtering unit is connected with the air inlet of the depth filtering unit.
The preliminary filtration unit comprises a mixed gas cavity 1 and a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane 2; the depth filtration unit comprises a cold cavity 3, a micro-channel group 4 and a hot cavity 5;
the gas outlet of the mixed gas cavity 1 is connected with the gas inlet of the cold cavity 3 through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane 2, and the gas outlet of the cold cavity 3 is connected with the gas inlet of the hot cavity 5 through a micro-channel group;
the thermal cavity 5 comprises a shell, a heating device is arranged on the shell, and the air outlet of the thermal cavity 5 of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity 1 of the next separation unit;
the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity 1 is the air inlet of the separation unit.
The working principle of the technical scheme is that the nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator provided by the invention comprises a nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a water separator;
the water separator is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator in series, and the mixed gas enters the nitrogen-hydrogen separator after being separated by the water separator; the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises a plurality of separation units which are sequentially connected in series. Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the plurality of separation units includes separation units 1 to N.
The hot cavity air outlet of the separation unit is connected with the mixed gas cavity air inlet of the next separation unit, and the separated gas flows out from the hot cavity to enter the next mixed gas cavity and is repeatedly filtered by a plurality of separation units.
The separation unit comprises a preliminary filtering unit and a depth filtering unit; the preliminary filtering unit is connected with the depth filtering unit.
The preliminary filtration unit comprises a mixed gas cavity 1 and a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane 2; the depth filtration unit comprises a cold cavity 3, a micro-channel group 4 and a hot cavity 5;
the preliminary filtration unit performs preliminary filtration through a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane, and the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane adopts a hollow fiber membrane. At normal temperature, the hydrogen separation efficiency is higher than the nitrogen separation efficiency, and hydrogen passes through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane before nitrogen.
The cold cavity and the hot cavity of the depth filter unit are connected through a micro-channel group, and a heat transpiration effect occurs by utilizing a pressure difference formed by temperature change between gases.
The gas outlet of the mixed gas cavity is connected with the gas inlet of the cold cavity through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane, and the gas outlet of the cold cavity is connected with the gas inlet of the hot cavity through the micro-channel group; the mixed gas enters the cold cavity through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane and enters the hot cavity through the micro-channel group.
The thermal cavity 5 comprises a shell, a heating device is arranged on the shell, the heating device is used for controlling the temperature of the thermal cavity, and the air outlet of the thermal cavity 5 of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity 1 of the next separation unit;
The technical effect of the technical scheme is that the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises a plurality of separation units which are sequentially connected in series. The gas is repeatedly separated by a plurality of separation units, so that the separation efficiency of the hydrogen is greatly improved, the purity of the hydrogen is improved, and the waste of the hydrogen is greatly reduced.
The nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane adopts a hollow fiber membrane, the separation efficiency of hydrogen can be greatly improved by adopting the hollow fiber membrane, the material stability of the fiber membrane is high, and the replacement and maintenance cost can be reduced. At normal temperature, the hydrogen separation efficiency is higher than the nitrogen separation efficiency, and hydrogen passes through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane before nitrogen. The primary separation unit utilizes the characteristic of strong pertinence of the membrane separation technology, and improves the separation rate of hydrogen.
The cold cavity and the hot cavity of the depth filter unit are connected through the micro-channel group, and the heat transpiration effect is generated by utilizing the pressure difference formed by the temperature change between gases, so that the separation purity of the hydrogen is further improved.
The invention provides a heating device which comprises a heater 6, a temperature sensor and a temperature control switch;
the temperature sensor is arranged on the shell inside the thermal cavity 5; the shell is provided with a wire guide hole, and a wire penetrates through the wire guide hole;
The temperature control switch is arranged outside the shell, the temperature sensor is connected with the temperature control switch through a wire, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature control switch;
one end of the heater 6 is connected with one end of the temperature control switch;
the signal output end of the temperature control switch is connected with the signal input end of the heater 6;
the heating method of the heating device is as follows:
the temperature sensor acquires the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 in real time, and when the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 is larger than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater 6, and the heater 6 adjusts the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 to reduce the temperature in the thermal cavity;
when the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater 6, and the heater 6 adjusts the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 to increase the temperature in the thermal cavity;
when the temperature in the hot cavity 5 reaches a preset temperature threshold, the hot cavity 5 and the gas in the cold cavity 3 generate a heat runaway effect to deeply separate the gas.
According to the working principle of the technical scheme, the temperature sensor collects the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 in real time, when the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 is larger than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater 6, and the heater 6 adjusts the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 to reduce the temperature in the thermal cavity;
When the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater 6, and the heater 6 adjusts the temperature of the thermal cavity 5 to enable the temperature in the thermal cavity 5 to rise;
when the temperature in the hot cavity 5 reaches a preset temperature threshold, the hot cavity 5 and the gas in the cold cavity 3 generate a heat runaway effect to deeply separate the gas.
The technical effect of the technical proposal is that the heater is connected with a temperature sensor;
when the temperature reaches the maximum value, the temperature sensor sends a signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch controls the heater to reduce the temperature of the hot cavity, and the temperature sensor controls the temperature control switch to adjust the temperature, so that the flexibility of the temperature control process is greatly improved, and the degree of automation is enhanced.
The invention provides a micro-channel group which comprises a low-temperature gas channel, a high-temperature gas channel and a third gas channel, wherein the third gas channel is respectively connected with the low-temperature gas channel and the high-temperature gas channel side by side;
the cold chamber 3 comprises a condenser;
the condenser controls the temperature value of the refrigerating cavity 3, the temperature value of the refrigerating cavity 3 is set to be a minimum temperature value, the heater 6 sets the temperature value of the hot cavity 5, and the temperature value of the hot cavity 5 is set to be a temperature threshold;
Setting the characteristic size of the low-temperature gas channel smaller than the molecular mean free path of hydrogen and larger than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen;
setting the characteristic size of the high-temperature gas channel to be smaller than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen, and setting a nitrogen molecular sieve in the high-temperature gas channel;
a switch controller is arranged in the third gas channel, the gas inlet of the third gas channel is connected with the gas outlet of the cold cavity 3, and the gas outlet of the third gas channel is connected with the gas inlet of the hot cavity 5;
the air inlet and the air outlet of the third air channel are respectively provided with a switch valve, the switch controller is also connected with a pressure sensor, the signal input end of the switch controller is connected with the pressure signal output end of the pressure sensor, and the control signal output end of the switch controller is connected with the signal input end of the switch valve;
the switch controller is provided with a pressure threshold; the temperature threshold and the pressure threshold are determined by the operation condition in the specific implementation process.
The characteristic size calculation formula of the high-temperature gas channel is as follows；
L 1 Is the characteristic dimension of a high-temperature gas channel, L 2 Is the characteristic dimension of the low-temperature gas channel, d 1 Is the effective diameter of hydrogen molecule, d 2 Is the effective diameter of nitrogen molecule, P 1 For hydrogen molecular pressure, P 2 Setting the average free path of nitrogen molecules as M for the nitrogen molecule pressure, and setting L 1 In the range of 0.8M<L 1 <M；
The working principle of the technical scheme is that the micro-channel group comprises a low-temperature gas channel, a high-temperature gas channel and a third gas channel, and through the arrangement of the gas channels, gas circulates according to a preset trend according to the characteristic size relation between the average free path of gas molecules and the channels.
Setting the characteristic size of the low-temperature gas channel smaller than the molecular mean free path of hydrogen and larger than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen;
the hydrogen enters the hot cavity from the cold cavity through the low-temperature gas channel, and the molecular mean free path of the nitrogen is smaller than the characteristic dimension of the low-temperature gas channel, so that the nitrogen frequently collides with molecules when passing through the low-temperature gas channel, and the nitrogen cannot pass through the low-temperature gas channel;
setting the characteristic size of the high-temperature gas channel to be smaller than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen, and setting a nitrogen molecular sieve in the high-temperature gas channel; hydrogen cannot pass through the nitrogen molecular sieve.
A switch controller is arranged in the third gas channel, the gas inlet of the third gas channel is connected with the gas outlet of the cold cavity 3, and the gas outlet of the third gas channel is connected with the gas inlet of the hot cavity 5;
The air inlet and the air outlet of the third air channel are respectively provided with a switch valve, the switch controller is also connected with a pressure sensor, the signal input end of the switch controller is connected with the pressure signal output end of the pressure sensor, and the control signal output end of the switch controller is connected with the signal input end of the switch valve;
the low-temperature gas channel and the high-temperature gas channel are not provided with switch valves, and an air inlet and an air outlet are not required to be arranged.
The characteristic size calculation formula of the high-temperature gas channel is as follows；
L 1 Is the characteristic dimension of a high-temperature gas channel, L 2 Is the characteristic dimension of the low-temperature gas channel, d 1 Is the effective diameter of hydrogen molecule, d 2 Is the effective diameter of nitrogen molecule, P 1 For hydrogen molecular pressure, P 2 Setting the average free path of nitrogen molecules as M for the nitrogen molecule pressure, and setting L 1 In the range of 0.8M<L 1 <M；
When the temperature sensor collects that the temperature in the thermal cavity 5 reaches a temperature threshold value, a heat flow escaping effect is generated; the method for generating the heat flow escape effect comprises the following steps:
when the mixed gas enters the deep separation unit, the micro-channel group is in an open state, and the mixed gas enters the hot cavity 5 from the cold cavity 3 through the micro-channel group;
when the pressure of the deep separation unit reaches a pressure threshold value, the pressure sensor sends a pressure signal to the switch controller, and the switch controller controls the switch valve of the third gas channel to be closed;
When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the hot cavity 5 reaches the temperature threshold, a temperature difference is formed between the temperature in the hot cavity 5 and the temperature in the cold cavity 3, the reaction condition of the heat flow escaping effect is met, and the heat flow escaping effect occurs.
The technical effect of the technical scheme is that the characteristic dimension is set, the nitrogen molecular sieve is added, so that gas can flow unidirectionally according to the property relationship, the gases are not affected after the reaction of the heat flow escape effect, the separation efficiency of the gases is improved, the purity of the gases is improved, the operation of the process is simpler and more convenient, the separation speed is high, and the flexibility is stronger. After separation, the separation efficiency of the hydrogen is more than 70 percent, and the filtration pressure loss is less than 10kpa.
The air inlet and the air outlet of the third air channel are respectively provided with a switch valve, the switch controller is also connected with a pressure sensor, the signal input end of the switch controller is connected with the pressure signal output end of the pressure sensor, and the control signal output end of the switch controller is connected with the signal input end of the switch valve; the switch valve is controlled by the switch controller, so that the flexibility is higher, the switch valve is closed, gas can only circulate through the low-temperature gas channel and the high-temperature gas channel, the heat transpiration effect is generated, and the separation rate of hydrogen is improved.
The invention provides a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen-water separation, comprising an ejector, a galvanic pile, a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a hydrogen circulation pump;
the electric pile is respectively connected with the ejector and the water separator, the other side of the water separator is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is also connected with the hydrogen circulating pump, and the other side of the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with the ejector;
the water separator and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator are respectively connected with an exhaust valve.
A first switching valve is added between the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the water separator, a second switching valve is added and connected in parallel with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the first switching valve, one end of the second switching valve is connected with the water separator, and the other end of the second switching valve is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump;
the water separator comprises a water separation cavity; the water separation cavity comprises a first water separation cavity and a second water separation cavity, the first water separation cavity is positioned above the second water separation cavity, and an outlet of the first water separation cavity is connected with an inlet of the second water separation cavity;
the first water separation cavity comprises a filtering device and a mixed gas exhaust port, the mixed gas exhaust port is connected with the first switching valve, water vapor enters the second water separation cavity through the filtering device, the second water separation cavity is provided with a water vapor exhaust port, the water vapor exhaust port is connected with an exhaust valve, and the water vapor is exhausted through the exhaust valve;
The exhaust valve is connected with the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the exhaust valve.
The working principle of the technical scheme is that the fuel cell hydrogen circulation system with the function of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises an ejector, a galvanic pile, the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a hydrogen circulation pump;
the electric pile is respectively connected with the ejector and the water separator, the other side of the water separator is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, mixed gas discharged from the gas outlet of the water separator enters the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is also connected with the hydrogen circulating pump, hydrogen discharged from the nitrogen-hydrogen separator enters the hydrogen removing circulating pump, and the other side of the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with the ejector; the hydrogen is recycled back to the stack by the eductor.
The water separator and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator are respectively connected with an exhaust valve. The vapor discharged by the water separator and the nitrogen discharged by the nitrogen-hydrogen separation gas are respectively discharged by the exhaust valve.
A first switching valve is added between the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the water separator, a second switching valve is added and connected in parallel with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the first switching valve, one end of the second switching valve is connected with the water separator, and the other end of the second switching valve is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump;
the water separator comprises a water separation cavity; the water separation cavity comprises a first water separation cavity and a second water separation cavity, the first water separation cavity is positioned above the second water separation cavity, and an outlet of the first water separation cavity is connected with an inlet of the second water separation cavity;
The first water separation cavity comprises a filtering device and a mixed gas exhaust port, the mixed gas exhaust port is connected with the first switching valve, water vapor enters the second water separation cavity through the filtering device, the second water separation cavity is provided with a water vapor exhaust port, the water vapor exhaust port is connected with an exhaust valve, and the water vapor is exhausted through the exhaust valve;
the exhaust valve is connected with the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the exhaust valve.
The method for separating water vapor by the water separator comprises the following steps:
the mixed gas enters a first water separation cavity, water vapor passes through a water filter and enters a second water separation cavity, and the mixed gas stored in the first water separation cavity is discharged through a mixed gas exhaust port and flows to a first switch valve;
the vapor in the second water separation cavity is discharged from the first exhaust valve through the vapor discharge port;
an exhaust pipeline is arranged between the exhaust valve I and the water inlet of the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the exhaust pipeline.
The technical scheme has the technical effects that a first switching valve is added between the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the water separator, a second switching valve is added and connected in parallel with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the first switching valve, one end of the second switching valve is connected with the water separator, and the other end of the second switching valve is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump; the switch valve can be adjusted to be opened or closed by monitoring the power change so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the gas flow direction.
The first water separation cavity comprises a filtering device and a mixed gas exhaust port, the mixed gas exhaust port is connected with the first switching valve, water vapor enters the second water separation cavity through the filtering device, the second water separation cavity is provided with a water vapor exhaust port, the water vapor exhaust port is connected with an exhaust valve, and the water vapor is exhausted through the exhaust valve; through using the water separation chamber, improved the separation efficiency of water, the water separator, it is efficient to go out water, and is volumetric, convenient operation.
The exhaust valve is connected with the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the exhaust valve. The water is heated by the heater to participate in regulating and controlling the temperature of the hot cavity, so that the recycling of the water is realized.
The invention provides a controller for controlling the opening and closing of a first switch valve and a second switch valve according to a power signal acquired by a power sensor, which comprises the following specific steps:
the controller collects power signals in the pile through the power sensor, and the controller comprises a digital signal processor;
the controller controls the first switch valve and the second switch valve through the power value acquired by the sensor, and the specific steps comprise: s1, dividing the range of a power signal by a digital signal processor of a controller to obtain a high-power interval and a low-power interval;
The high power interval is 20% of the maximum power of the electric pile to the maximum power of the electric pile; the low power interval is 0 to 20% of the maximum power of the galvanic pile;
s2, when the power of the electric pile is in a low power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
s3, the controller controls the first switching valve to be closed and the second switching valve to be opened; the mixed gas enters a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector after passing through the hydrogen circulating pump;
s4, when the power of the electric pile is in a high power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
s5, the controller controls the first switching valve to be opened and the second switching valve to be closed; the mixed gas enters a nitrogen-hydrogen separator after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector through a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by the nitrogen-hydrogen separator.
A gas flow rate regulating valve is arranged between the first switching valve and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator;
one end of the gas flow rate regulating valve is provided with a gas flow rate sensor, one end of the gas flow rate regulating valve is also connected with a gas flow rate controller, and a signal output end of the gas flow rate sensor is connected with a signal input end of the gas flow rate controller; the gas flow rate is regulated as follows:
The gas flow rate sensor collects gas flow rate signals of the first switch valve, and sends the collected gas flow rate signals to the gas flow rate controller, wherein the gas flow rate controller is provided with a gas flow rate threshold;
when the gas flow rate value is larger than the gas flow rate threshold value, the gas flow rate controller sends a control signal to the gas flow rate regulating valve, and the gas flow rate regulating valve regulates down the gas flow rate;
when the gas flow rate value is smaller than the gas flow rate threshold value, the gas flow rate controller sends a control signal to the gas flow rate regulating valve, and the gas flow rate regulating valve regulates the gas flow rate.
The working principle of the technical scheme is that a digital signal processor of a controller divides the range of a power signal to obtain a high-power interval and a low-power interval;
the high power interval is 20% of the maximum power of the electric pile to the maximum power of the electric pile; the low power interval is 0 to 20% of the maximum power of the galvanic pile;
when the power of the electric pile is in a low power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
the controller controls the first switching valve to be closed and the second switching valve to be opened; the mixed gas enters a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector after passing through the hydrogen circulating pump;
When the power of the electric pile is in a high power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
the controller controls the first switching valve to be opened and the second switching valve to be closed; the mixed gas enters a nitrogen-hydrogen separator after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector through a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by the nitrogen-hydrogen separator.
The technical effect of the technical scheme is that the power is divided into a low power interval and a high power interval, so that the power of the electric pile can be monitored in real time;
the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal.
The first switch valve and the second switch valve are controlled to control the trend of the gas, and whether the gas is separated by the nitrogen-hydrogen separator or not is selected, so that the power of the separator can be saved, and the efficiency of hydrogen separation is enhanced.
The gas flow rate is controlled, so that the heat transpiration effect is facilitated, the gas pressure in the deep separation unit can be controlled by controlling the gas flow rate, and the gas separation rate is greatly enhanced.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. A nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator, characterized in that the nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator comprises a nitrogen-hydrogen separator and a water separator; the air outlet of the water separator is connected with the air inlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator; the nitrogen-hydrogen separator comprises a plurality of separation units, and the air outlet of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the next separation unit in series;
wherein the plurality of separation units includes separation units 1 to N;
wherein the separation unit comprises a preliminary filtering unit and a depth filtering unit; the air outlet of the preliminary filtering unit is connected with the air inlet of the depth filtering unit;
the depth filtration unit comprises a cold cavity (3), a micro-channel group (4) and a hot cavity (5);
the thermal cavity (5) comprises a shell, and a heating device is arranged on the shell;
the heating device comprises a heater (6), a temperature sensor and a temperature control switch;
The micro-channel group comprises a low-temperature gas channel, a high-temperature gas channel and a third gas channel, and the third gas channel is respectively connected with the low-temperature gas channel and the high-temperature gas channel side by side;
the cold chamber (3) comprises a condenser;
the condenser controls the temperature value of the refrigerating cavity (3), the temperature value of the refrigerating cavity (3) is set to be a minimum temperature value, the heater (6) sets the temperature value of the hot cavity (5), and the temperature value of the hot cavity (5) is set to be a temperature threshold;
setting the characteristic size of the low-temperature gas channel smaller than the molecular mean free path of hydrogen and larger than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen;
setting the characteristic size of the high-temperature gas channel to be smaller than the molecular mean free path of nitrogen, and setting a nitrogen molecular sieve in the high-temperature gas channel;
a switch controller is arranged in the third gas channel, an air inlet of the third gas channel is connected with an air outlet of the cold cavity (3), and an air outlet of the third gas channel is connected with an air inlet of the hot cavity (5);
the air inlet and the air outlet of the third air channel are respectively provided with a switch valve, the switch controller is also connected with a pressure sensor, the signal input end of the switch controller is connected with the pressure signal output end of the pressure sensor, and the control signal output end of the switch controller is connected with the signal input end of the switch valve;
The switch controller is provided with a pressure threshold;
the characteristic size calculation formula of the high-temperature gas channel is as follows；
L 1 Is the characteristic dimension of a high-temperature gas channel, L 2 Is the characteristic dimension of the low-temperature gas channel, d 1 Is the effective diameter of hydrogen molecule, d 2 Is the effective diameter of nitrogen molecule, P 1 For hydrogen molecular pressure, P 2 Setting the average free path of nitrogen molecules as M for the nitrogen molecule pressure, and setting L 1 In the range of 0.8M<L 1 <M。
2. A nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the preliminary filtration unit comprises a mixed gas chamber (1) and a nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane (2);
the gas outlet of the mixed gas cavity (1) is connected with the gas inlet of the cold cavity (3) through the nitrogen-hydrogen separation membrane (2), and the gas outlet of the cold cavity (3) is connected with the gas inlet of the hot cavity (5) through the micro-channel group;
the air outlet of the hot cavity (5) of each separation unit is connected with the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity (1) of the next separation unit;
the air outlet of the thermal cavity (5) is the air outlet of the separation unit, and the air inlet of the mixed gas cavity (1) is the air inlet of the separation unit.
3. A nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature sensor is arranged on the housing inside the thermal chamber (5); the shell is provided with a wire guide hole, and a wire penetrates through the wire guide hole;
The heater (6) and the temperature control switch are arranged outside the shell, and one end of the heater (6) is connected with one end of the temperature control switch;
the temperature sensor is connected with the temperature control switch through a wire, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature control switch;
the signal output end of the temperature control switch is connected with the signal input end of the heater (6);
the heating method of the heating device is as follows:
the temperature sensor collects the temperature of the thermal cavity (5) in real time, and when the temperature of the thermal cavity (5) is larger than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater (6), and the heater (6) adjusts the temperature in the thermal cavity (5) to reduce the temperature in the thermal cavity (5);
when the temperature of the thermal cavity (5) is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value, the temperature sensor sends an electric signal to the temperature control switch, the temperature control switch sends a control signal to the heater (6), and the heater (6) adjusts the temperature in the thermal cavity (5) to enable the temperature in the thermal cavity (5) to rise;
when the temperature in the hot cavity (5) reaches a preset temperature threshold, the hot cavity (5) and the gas in the cold cavity (3) generate a heat transpiration effect to deeply separate the gas.
4. The fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on the nitrogen-hydrogen-water separation is characterized by comprising an ejector, a galvanic pile, a nitrogen-hydrogen-water separator and a hydrogen circulation pump;
the air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the air outlet of the ejector, the air outlet of the electric pile is connected with the air inlet of the water separator, the air outlet of the water separator is connected with the air inlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator, the air outlet of the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, and the air outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with the air inlet of the ejector;
the water separator and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator are respectively connected with an exhaust valve; the exhaust valve is divided into an exhaust valve I and an exhaust valve II; the exhaust valve connected with the water separator is an exhaust valve I, the exhaust valve connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is an exhaust valve II, and the nitrogen-hydrogen separator is any one of the separators in claims 1-3.
5. The hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell based on the separation of nitrogen and hydrogen according to claim 4, wherein a first switch valve is arranged between the nitrogen and hydrogen separator and the water separator, and a second switch valve is arranged between the water separator and the hydrogen circulation pump;
The second switching valve is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen separator and the first switching valve in parallel;
the water separator comprises a water separation cavity; the water separation cavity comprises a first water separation cavity and a second water separation cavity, the first water separation cavity is positioned above the second water separation cavity, and an outlet of the first water separation cavity is connected with an inlet of the second water separation cavity;
the first water separation cavity comprises a filtering device and a mixed gas exhaust port, the mixed gas exhaust port is connected with a first switch valve, the filtering device is a water filter, the second water separation cavity is provided with a vapor exhaust port, and the vapor exhaust port is connected with a first exhaust valve;
the first exhaust valve is connected with the water inlet of the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the first exhaust valve;
the method for separating water vapor by the water separator comprises the following steps:
the mixed gas enters a first water separation cavity, water vapor passes through a water filter and enters a second water separation cavity, and the mixed gas stored in the first water separation cavity is discharged through a mixed gas exhaust port and flows to a first switch valve;
the vapor in the second water separation cavity is discharged from the first exhaust valve through the vapor discharge port;
an exhaust pipeline is arranged between the exhaust valve I and the water inlet of the heating device, and water vapor enters the heating device through the exhaust pipeline.
6. The hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell based on the separation of nitrogen and hydrogen according to claim 5, wherein an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel are respectively connected to the air inlet and the air outlet of the electric pile;
a power sensor is arranged on an air outlet channel of the electric pile; the signal input end of the power sensor is connected with the signal output end of the electric pile;
one end of the power sensor is connected with the controller, and the signal output end of the power sensor is connected with the signal input end of the controller; the signal output end of the controller is respectively connected with the signal input ends of the first switch valve and the second switch valve.
7. The hydrogen circulation system of fuel cell based on separation of nitrogen and hydrogen according to claim 6, wherein the controller controls the opening and closing of the first switch valve and the second switch valve according to the power signal collected by the power sensor, and the specific steps are as follows:
the controller collects power signals in the pile through the power sensor, and the controller comprises a digital signal processor;
the controller controls the first switch valve and the second switch valve through the power value acquired by the sensor, and the specific steps comprise: s1, dividing the range of a power signal by a digital signal processor of a controller to obtain a high-power interval and a low-power interval;
The high power interval is 20% of the maximum power of the electric pile to the maximum power of the electric pile; the low power interval is 0 to 20% of the maximum power of the galvanic pile;
s2, when the power of the electric pile is in a low power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
s3, the controller controls the first switching valve to be closed and the second switching valve to be opened; the mixed gas enters a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector after passing through the hydrogen circulating pump;
s4, when the power of the electric pile is in a high power interval, the power sensor sends a digital signal to the controller, and the controller sends a control signal to the first switch valve and the second switch valve after receiving the digital signal;
s5, the controller controls the first switching valve to be opened and the second switching valve to be closed; the mixed gas enters a nitrogen-hydrogen separator after being separated by a water separator, and enters an ejector through a hydrogen circulating pump after being separated by the nitrogen-hydrogen separator.
8. The hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell based on the separation of nitrogen and hydrogen according to claim 7, wherein a gas flow rate regulating valve is arranged between the first switching valve and the nitrogen and hydrogen separator;
One end of the gas flow rate regulating valve is provided with a gas flow rate sensor, one end of the gas flow rate regulating valve is also connected with a gas flow rate controller, and a signal output end of the gas flow rate sensor is connected with a signal input end of the gas flow rate controller; the gas flow rate is regulated as follows:
the gas flow rate sensor collects gas flow rate signals of the first switch valve, and sends the collected gas flow rate signals to the gas flow rate controller, wherein the gas flow rate controller is provided with a gas flow rate threshold;
when the gas flow rate value is larger than the gas flow rate threshold value, the gas flow rate controller sends a control signal to the gas flow rate regulating valve, and the gas flow rate regulating valve regulates down the gas flow rate;
when the gas flow rate value is smaller than the gas flow rate threshold value, the gas flow rate controller sends a control signal to the gas flow rate regulating valve, and the gas flow rate regulating valve regulates the gas flow rate.
CN202310502762.0A 2023-05-06 2023-05-06 Nitrogen-hydrogen water separator and fuel cell hydrogen circulation system based on nitrogen-hydrogen water separation Active CN116212599B (en)

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