CN116210727A - 一种巢脾的保存方法 - Google Patents
一种巢脾的保存方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116210727A CN116210727A CN202310255870.2A CN202310255870A CN116210727A CN 116210727 A CN116210727 A CN 116210727A CN 202310255870 A CN202310255870 A CN 202310255870A CN 116210727 A CN116210727 A CN 116210727A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- essential oil
- honeycomb
- plant
- preservation method
- preservation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 240000007232 Illicium verum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000008227 Illicium verum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000007297 Gaultheria procumbens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000227633 Ocotea pretiosa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000004263 Ocotea pretiosa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000951473 Schizonepeta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010664 perilla essential oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000004281 Eucalyptus maculata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013628 Lantana involucrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000006677 Monarda citriodora ssp. austromontana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000007673 Origanum vulgare Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000001238 Gaultheria procumbens Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 49
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 241000736246 Pyrola Species 0.000 description 12
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 6
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000209035 Ilex Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003325 Ilex Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000256846 Apis cerana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256843 Apis mellifera ligustica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004355 Borago officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007689 Borago officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000426499 Chilo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000426497 Chilo suppressalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001299553 Ilex chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003366 Ilex purpurea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255893 Pyralidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940092738 beeswax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K51/00—Appliances for treating beehives or parts thereof, e.g. for cleaning or disinfecting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/10—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae [Carrot family], e.g. parsley, caraway, dill, lovage, fennel or snakebed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
- A01P7/04—Insecticides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于蜜蜂养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种巢脾的保存方法。本发明提供了一种巢脾的保存方法,包括以下步骤:采用植物精油,将巢脾进行熏杀保存;所述植物精油包括八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油、丁香精油、茶树精油、荆芥精油、桉叶精油、紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种。本发明提供的巢脾保存方法采用植物精油,具有自然界取材广泛、对环境友好、对人畜低毒的优点,且巢脾保存效果好,能有效降低蜡螟蛀毁风险,减少巢脾浪费,提高蜂群繁殖和生产效率,对巢脾和蜂产品均无污染。同时,该保存方法步骤简便,操作安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于蜜蜂养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种巢脾的保存方法。
背景技术
蜡螟是蜜蜂尤其是东方蜜蜂(Apiscerana)最主要的敌害之一,给养蜂业造成巨大损失。蜡螟属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、螟蛾科(Pyralidae)、蜡螟亚科(Galleriinae)、蜡螟属(Galleria)昆虫,危害养蜂生产的蜡螟主要有大蜡螟(Galleriamellonella)和小蜡螟(Achroiagrisella),其中对养蜂生产危害最严重、造成较大经济损失的当属大蜡螟。蜡螟对蜜蜂的弱群、无王群和蜂少于脾的蜂群危害严重,是蜜蜂的主要敌害之一。另外,蜡螟极易蛀毁长时间存放不加处理的巢脾,造成大量蜂蜡、蜂粮等资源浪费。因此,蜡螟防控是养蜂生产中必不可少的管理措施之一。
春季蜂群快速繁殖阶段,意蜂蜂群由2脾蜂量快速发展成12~15脾的生产群,临时造脾时间上来不及,而且造脾还要消耗大量的蜂蜜和花粉,因此,蜂场需要常年备有大量空巢脾,而巢脾的安全保存成为当前养蜂生产上的一大挑战。目前,最为有效的巢脾保存方法仍是化学药物,如对二氯苯、磷化铝和硫磺等。对二氯苯和萘曾在国内外蜡螟防控中发挥重要作用,使用时间长达60年之久,因其亲脂性,易被蜂蜡吸收进入蜂蜜造成蜂产品污染,已在多国相继禁止使用。磷化铝通常是作为一种广谱性熏蒸杀虫剂,可以高效杀死蜡螟,在巢脾贮存中广泛使用,但因其吸水后会立即产生高毒磷化氢气体,对人有剧毒,我国也已经禁止销售和使用。目前,我国蜂场贮存巢脾应用最广泛的就是硫磺熏蒸,将抽出的巢脾摆放至空继箱密封处理后,在底部空隙点燃硫磺,一般使用5g/继箱,熏蒸24h以上;若长期贮存需每隔7~10d熏蒸1次,连续熏蒸3次。硫磺对卵无杀伤力,且使用过程中存在安全隐患,易引燃蜂箱和巢脾。在熏蒸过程中,大量二氧化硫气体以及相关有毒物质扩散在空气中,严重污染环境,对工作人员的身体健康造成一定的危害等。因此,现有硫磺熏蒸方法弊端渐显,亟需安全有效的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种巢脾的保存方法,本发明提供的保存方法对巢脾保存效果好且安全无害。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种巢脾的保存方法,包括以下步骤:
采用植物精油,将巢脾进行熏杀保存;
所述植物精油包括八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油、丁香精油、茶树精油、荆芥精油、桉叶精油、紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种。
优选地,当所述植物精油为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度为50μL/L以上。
优选地,当所述植物精油为茶树精油、荆芥精油和桉叶精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度为80μL/L以上。
优选地,当所述植物精油为紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度为120μL/L以上。
优选地,所述熏杀保存包括以下步骤:
将巢脾放置于继箱内,分次添加植物精油;
所述植物精油的单次添加量为3~10mL/继箱。
优选地,所述添加植物精油的次数为2~3次。
优选地,每次添加植物精油的间隔为10~20d。
优选地,所述巢脾的放置量为8~10张/继箱。
本发明提供了一种巢脾的保存方法,包括以下步骤:采用植物精油,将巢脾进行熏杀保存;所述植物精油包括八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油、丁香精油、茶树精油、荆芥精油、桉叶精油、紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种。本发明提供的巢脾保存方法采用植物精油,具有自然界取材广泛、对环境友好、对人畜低毒的优点,且巢脾保存效果好,能有效降低蜡螟蛀毁风险,减少巢脾浪费,提高蜂群繁殖和生产效率,对巢脾和蜂产品均无污染。同时,该保存方法步骤简便,操作安全。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为熏杀浓度为120μL/L时,植物精油对蜡螟5龄幼虫的48h熏杀死亡率数据图;
图2为熏杀浓度为70μL/L时,植物精油对蜡螟卵的48h熏杀死亡率数据图;
图3为实施例4与对比例1~2保存方法处理下的巢脾蛀毁率数据图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种巢脾的保存方法,包括以下步骤:
采用植物精油,将巢脾进行熏杀保存;
所述植物精油包括八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油、丁香精油、茶树精油、荆芥精油、桉叶精油、紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种。
在本发明中,若无特殊说明,所有原料组分均为本领域技术人员熟知的市售产品。
在本发明中,所述植物精油包括八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油、丁香精油、茶树精油、荆芥精油、桉叶精油、紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种,优选为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种或优选为茶树精油、荆芥精油和桉叶精油中的一种或多种,或优选为紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种,更优选为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种;当所述植物精油为上述具体选择中的两种以上时,本发明对所述植物精油的配比没有任何特殊的限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的配比即可。在本发明中,当所述植物精油为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度优选为50μL/L以上,更优选为80~120μL/L,最优选为90~110μL/L;当所述植物精油为茶树精油、荆芥精油和桉叶精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度优选为80μL/L以上,更优选为120~150μL/L,最优选为130~140μL/L;当所述植物精油为紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度优选为120μL/L以上,更优选为150~200μL/L,最优选为160~180μL/L。
在本发明中,所述植物精油的来源优选包括水蒸馏提取精油或市售产品;所述植物精油的纯度优选为80wt%以上,更优选为85~100wt%,最优选为90~100wt%。
在本发明中,所述熏杀保存包括以下步骤:
将巢脾放置于继箱内,分次添加植物精油;所述植物精油的单次添加量为3~10mL/继箱。
在本发明中,所述植物精油的单次添加量为3~10mL/继箱;当所述植物精油为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种时,所述植物精油的单次添加量为3~5mL/继箱,更优选为4~5mL/继箱;当所述植物精油为茶树精油、荆芥精油和桉叶精油中的一种或多种时,所述植物精油的单次添加量为4~8mL/继箱,更优选为5~7mL/继箱;当所述植物精油为紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种时,所述植物精油的单次添加量为7~10mL/继箱,更优选为8~9mL/继箱。
在本发明中,所述植物精油的单次添加量设置在上述范围中,其作用是将植物精油的浓度维持在适宜范围,若浓度过高,增加应用成本,且巢脾使用时可能残留气味较多,影响蜜蜂对巢脾的接受率;若浓度过低,则起不到巢脾保护作用,蜡螟可在巢脾上繁殖。
在本发明中,所述添加植物精油的次数优选为2~3次,更优选为2次;每次添加植物精油的间隔时间优选为10~20d,更优选为14~16d,最优选为15d。
在本发明中,所述添加植物精油的载体优选包括棉球和/或滤纸。
在本发明中,所述巢脾的放置量优选为8~10张/继箱,更优选为9~10张/继箱。
在本发明中,所述待用巢脾使用前,还优选包括通风;所述通风的时间优选为2~5d,更优选为3d。
本发明提供的巢脾保存方法采用植物精油,具有自然界取材广泛、对环境友好、对人畜低毒的优点,且巢脾保存效果好,能有效降低蜡螟蛀毁风险,减少巢脾浪费,提高蜂群繁殖和生产效率,对巢脾和蜂产品均无污染。同时,该保存方法步骤简便,在密闭空间内直接加入即可,不用明火,操作安全。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明提供的巢脾的保存方法进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将30张巢脾摆放至标准朗氏箱的继箱内,每个继箱放10个巢脾,逐层摆放好,用塑料薄膜密封好。每个继箱添加八角茴香精油4mL至滤纸上,15d后更换滤纸再次添加一次八角茴香精油,继箱中精油浓度为73.58μL/L。巢脾保存完好,未见蜡螟危害。
实施例2
将60张巢脾摆放至标准朗氏箱的继箱内,每个继箱放10个巢脾,逐层摆放好,用塑料薄膜密封好。每个继箱添加茶树精油6mL至滤纸上,10d后更换载体再次添加一次茶树精油,继箱中精油浓度为110μL/L。所有巢脾保存完好,未见蜡螟危害。
实施例3
将60张巢脾摆放至标准朗氏箱的继箱内,每个继箱放10个巢脾,逐层摆放好,用塑料薄膜密封好。每个继箱添加紫苏精油8mL至滤纸上,10d后更换滤纸再次添加一次紫苏精油,继箱中精油浓度为147.15μL/L。所有巢脾保存完好,蜡螟危害小于5%。
实施例4
将30张巢脾摆放至标准朗氏箱的继箱内,每个继箱放10个巢脾,逐层摆放好,用塑料薄膜密封好。每个继箱添加冬青精油5mL至滤纸上,20d后更换滤纸再次添加一次冬青精油,继箱中精油浓度为92μL/L。
对比例1
将30张巢脾摆放至标准朗氏箱的继箱内,每个继箱放10个巢脾,逐层摆放好,用塑料薄膜密封好。不使用任何药物处理,作为空白对照组。
对比例2
将30张巢脾摆放至标准朗氏箱的继箱内,每个继箱放10个巢脾,逐层摆放好,用塑料薄膜密封好。按每个继箱添加硫磺5g点燃熏蒸,10d后再次添加一次硫磺熏蒸,作为阳性对照组。
测试例1
使用120μL/L熏杀浓度的植物精油对蜡螟5龄幼虫进行熏杀,48h熏杀死亡率见图1。
由图1可见,八角茴香、丁香、黄樟、荆芥、桉叶、冬青和茶树精油对蜡螟5龄幼虫的致死率较高,分别为100%、81.43%、93.33%、79.52%、90%、95%和75.71%,杀虫效果与对照组均差异显著(p<0.05);紫苏、薄荷和牛至精油对蜡螟5龄幼虫的杀虫效果中等,分别为67.14%、46%和55%,杀虫效果与对照组均差异显著(p<0.05)。
测试例2
使用70μL/L熏杀浓度的植物精油对蜡螟5龄幼虫进行熏杀,48h熏杀死亡率见图2。
由图2可见,植物精油浓度为70μL/L时,八角茴香、丁香、黄樟和冬青精油对蜡螟卵的48h熏杀死亡率较高,分别为94.21%、72.22%和99.42%,紫苏、荆芥和茶树精油对蜡螟卵的48h熏杀死亡率中等,分别为21.96%、37.10%和58.87%。
由图1和图2可知植物精油的有效浓度,因此,巢脾保存中植物精油的单次添加量为:当所述植物精油为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀的精油浓度为50μL/L以上;当所述植物精油为茶树精油、荆芥精油和桉叶精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀的精油浓度为80μL/L以上;当所述植物精油为紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀的精油浓度为120μL/L以上。
测试例3
以实施例4和对比例1~2所述保存方法处理下巢脾进行越冬期保存巢脾试验,30d、60d后查看巢脾的蛀毁情况,并统计,结果见图3。
由图3可见,空白对照组30d巢脾蛀毁率25%,60d巢脾蛀毁率达到83.88%;采用硫磺熏蒸保存30d、60d后巢脾蛀毁率5%;采用冬青精油熏杀保存30d后巢脾蜡螟蛀毁率1%,60d后巢脾蛀毁率3.33%。结果表明,冬青精油可以有效杀死蜡螟,保护巢脾不被蛀毁,相较于硫磺熏蒸法效果更优。
由上述实施例可见,本发明提供的巢脾保存方法采用植物精油,具有自然界取材广泛、对环境友好、对人畜低毒的优点,且巢脾保存效果好,能有效降低蜡螟蛀毁风险,减少巢脾浪费,提高蜂群繁殖和生产效率,对巢脾和蜂产品均无污染。同时,该保存方法步骤简便,在密闭空间内直接加入即可,不用明火,操作安全。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述,但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例,这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种巢脾的保存方法,包括以下步骤:
采用植物精油,将巢脾进行熏杀保存;
所述植物精油包括八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油、丁香精油、茶树精油、荆芥精油、桉叶精油、紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保存方法,其特征在于,当所述植物精油为八角茴香精油、冬青精油、黄樟精油和丁香精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度为50μL/L以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保存方法,其特征在于,当所述植物精油为茶树精油、荆芥精油和桉叶精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度为80μL/L以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的保存方法,其特征在于,当所述植物精油为紫苏精油、薄荷精油和牛至精油中的一种或多种时,所述熏杀保存的精油浓度为120μL/L以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的保存方法,其特征在于,所述熏杀保存包括以下步骤:
将巢脾放置于继箱内,分次添加植物精油;
所述植物精油的单次添加量为3~10mL/继箱。
6.根据权利要求5所述的保存方法,其特征在于,所述添加植物精油的次数为2~3次。
7.根据权利要求6所述的保存方法,其特征在于,每次添加植物精油的间隔时间为10~20d。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的保存方法,其特征在于,所述巢脾的放置量为8~10张/继箱。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310255870.2A CN116210727A (zh) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | 一种巢脾的保存方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310255870.2A CN116210727A (zh) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | 一种巢脾的保存方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116210727A true CN116210727A (zh) | 2023-06-06 |
Family
ID=86590996
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310255870.2A Pending CN116210727A (zh) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | 一种巢脾的保存方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN116210727A (zh) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1227465A (zh) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-09-01 | 维塔(欧洲)有限公司 | 控制蜜蜂群落感染的方法 |
JP2004182704A (ja) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-07-02 | S T Chem Co Ltd | 穀物・乾物用防虫剤及び穀物・乾物害虫の防虫方法 |
US20100221238A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-09-02 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Protein mixtures for maize insect control |
CN105343189A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江大学 | 一种防治蜜蜂蜂螨的混合精油 |
US20170035820A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2017-02-09 | Paul Edward Stamets | Integrative fungal solutions for protecting bees and overcoming colony collapse disorder (CCD) |
WO2017091915A1 (es) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | Universidad De Chile | Composicion, metodo y uso para el control de la infeccion fungal del hongo de nosema ceranae en colonias de abejas apis mellifera que comprende la aplicacion como jarabe (pj- cd14) y aerosol (pa-cd14) de una cantidad eficaz de un aceite esencial (cd14) obtenido desde las hojas de cryptocaria alba, (n.v. peumo) |
-
2023
- 2023-03-13 CN CN202310255870.2A patent/CN116210727A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1227465A (zh) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-09-01 | 维塔(欧洲)有限公司 | 控制蜜蜂群落感染的方法 |
US20170035820A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2017-02-09 | Paul Edward Stamets | Integrative fungal solutions for protecting bees and overcoming colony collapse disorder (CCD) |
JP2004182704A (ja) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-07-02 | S T Chem Co Ltd | 穀物・乾物用防虫剤及び穀物・乾物害虫の防虫方法 |
US20100221238A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-09-02 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Protein mixtures for maize insect control |
CN105343189A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江大学 | 一种防治蜜蜂蜂螨的混合精油 |
WO2017091915A1 (es) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | Universidad De Chile | Composicion, metodo y uso para el control de la infeccion fungal del hongo de nosema ceranae en colonias de abejas apis mellifera que comprende la aplicacion como jarabe (pj- cd14) y aerosol (pa-cd14) de una cantidad eficaz de un aceite esencial (cd14) obtenido desde las hojas de cryptocaria alba, (n.v. peumo) |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
AYMAN A. OWAYSS ET AL: ""Potential efficacy of certain plant volatile oils and chemicals against greater wax moth,Galleria mellonella L.(Lepidoptera: pyralide)"", 《BULL. ENT. SOC. EGYPT,ECON.SER.》, no. 33, 31 January 2007 (2007-01-31), pages 67 - 75 * |
刘琪 等: "混配精油纳米乳液制备及其对大蜡螟生物活性", 《浙江农业科学》, vol. 62, no. 2, 11 February 2021 (2021-02-11), pages 378 - 380 * |
刘琪: "植物精油活性组分对大蜡螟的生物活性及作用机制研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库(电子期刊) 工程科技I辑》, no. 1, 15 January 2021 (2021-01-15), pages 016 - 1472 * |
姚陈霞: "松油烯-4-醇及复配精油对大蜡螟和豆蚜的毒杀作用", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库(电子期刊) 农业科技辑》, no. 3, 15 March 2019 (2019-03-15), pages 046 - 14 * |
苏晓玲: "大蜡螟防控技术研究进展", 《环境昆虫学报》, vol. 43, no. 3, 5 May 2021 (2021-05-05), pages 651 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Mutinelli | The spread of pathogens through trade in honey bees and their products (including queen bees and semen): overview and recent developments | |
Beck et al. | Losses and reproduction in reintroduced golden lion tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia | |
Chapman et al. | Fragmentation and Alteration of Seed Dispersal Processes: An Initial Evaluation of Dung Beetles, Seed Fate, and Seedling Diversity1 | |
Springett | Aspects of the relationship between burying beetles, Necrophorus spp. and the mite, Poecilochirus necrophori Vitz | |
Zeweil et al. | Comparing the effectiveness of egg disinfectants against bacteria and mitotic indices of developing chick embryos | |
Hund et al. | A review of available methods and description of a new method for eliminating ectoparasites from bird nests | |
Yildirim et al. | The use of oregano (Origanum vulgare L) essential oil as alternative hatching egg disinfectant versus formaldehyde fumigation in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) | |
CN109329702A (zh) | 植物提取物复方减菌剂及其制备方法 | |
CN116210727A (zh) | 一种巢脾的保存方法 | |
de Portugal-Araújo | A contribution to the bionomics of Lestrimelitta cubiceps (Hymenoptera, Apidae) | |
Yamauchi et al. | Exterminating effect of wood vinegar to red mites and its safety to chickens | |
Jaenike | Intraspecific variation for resource use in Drosophila | |
Martini et al. | Mating disruption of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in isolated pine stands | |
Holck et al. | Attractant enhanced ovitraps for the surveillance of container breeding mosquitoes | |
Negi et al. | Incidence and management of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella | |
IBAÑEZ et al. | Lichens in the nests of European starling Sturnus vulgaris serve a mate attraction rather than insecticidal function | |
KR101470477B1 (ko) | 모기 기피용 조성물 | |
CN109874810B (zh) | 一种荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫期与卵期协同防控方法 | |
Shimanuki | Controlling the greater wax moth: a pest of honeycombs | |
Genchev | Suppression of oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations using the sterile insect technique | |
Cook et al. | The native anthocorid bug (Orius armatus) as a field predator of Frankliniella occidentalis in Western Australia | |
Pestaña et al. | Mutual benefit interactions between banded pine weevil Pissodes castaneus and blue‐stain fungus Leptographium serpens in maritime pine | |
CN110612943A (zh) | 一种蜜蜂绵虫综合防治方法 | |
Eischen et al. | Natural products smoke and its effect on Acarapis woodi and honey bees | |
Main et al. | Effects of fire on Florida's wildlife and wildlife habitat |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |