CN116209938A - Optical device - Google Patents
Optical device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116209938A CN116209938A CN202080105328.3A CN202080105328A CN116209938A CN 116209938 A CN116209938 A CN 116209938A CN 202080105328 A CN202080105328 A CN 202080105328A CN 116209938 A CN116209938 A CN 116209938A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/0035—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having three lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/004—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having four lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/009—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras having zoom function
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/143—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only
- G02B15/1431—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only the first group being positive
- G02B15/143101—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only the first group being positive arranged +--
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/143—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only
- G02B15/1435—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only the first group being negative
- G02B15/143503—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only the first group being negative arranged -+-
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/144—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only
- G02B15/1445—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being negative
- G02B15/144513—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being negative arranged --++
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Abstract
There is provided an optical device comprising: a lens group (11, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106) including a plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3, L4); a moving unit (120) configured to move the plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3, L4); and a control unit (14) configured to control the moving unit (120) to change between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3, L4) are closest to each other so as to operate like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3, L4) are placed apart from each other.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an optical device, an apparatus, and a method for controlling the refractive power of a lens group in an optical device. For example, the device may be a mobile apparatus, such as a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer or a personal computer. Alternatively, the device may be a digital camera, digital video camera, security/surveillance camera, webcam, car/transportation camera, medical camera, etc.
Background
In general, as a method of realizing a zoom function and a focus function in an imaging apparatus, there is a method of changing the refractive power of a lens group including a plurality of lenses by moving the lenses relative to each other. Another known method is to change the refractive power by changing and controlling the curvature using a single lens of a liquid lens.
On the other hand, miniaturization of imaging devices may contribute to miniaturization of mobile devices equipped with imaging functions (such as smartphones, cell phones, tablet computers, and automobile recorders). Miniaturization also contributes to miniaturization of imaging devices such as web cameras, motion cameras, surveillance cameras, and small digital cameras. Further, the imaging device can be miniaturized by suppressing an increase in the size of the entire lens group forming the imaging lens.
The present disclosure can change the refractive power distribution while suppressing an increase in the lens group size.
Disclosure of Invention
In the above case, the embodiments disclosed below provide technical advantages. Embodiments provide an optical device, an apparatus, and a method for controlling the refractive power of a lens group in an optical device. The device may be a cell phone, smart phone, tablet, personal computer, digital camera, digital video camera, security/surveillance camera, web camera, car/transportation camera, medical camera, etc.
A first aspect of the embodiments provides an optical device.
In a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the optical device includes: a lens group including a plurality of lenses; a moving unit configured to move the plurality of lenses; and a control unit configured to control the moving unit to change between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses are closest to each other so as to operate like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses are placed apart from each other. According to a first embodiment of the first aspect, the optical power of the lens group may be changed between a first optical power corresponding to the closed position state and a second optical power corresponding to the open position state.
A second possible implementation of the first aspect provides: the apparatus according to a first possible implementation of the first aspect.
Wherein the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are configured to satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (1):
D min /φ < 0.2 (1)，
wherein D is min Indicating the distance between two adjacent lenses of the lens group, phi indicates the optical effective diameter of the lens group having the largest lens diameter. Alternatively, the plurality of lenses in the closed position state may satisfy the following condition provided by the following equation (1 a):
D min /φ<0.1(1a)。
a third possible implementation of the first aspect provides: the apparatus according to the first or second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the plurality of lenses includes a first lens and a second lens that are aspherical surfaces opposite to each other, wherein an image side surface of the first lens and an object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens have shapes represented by the following equations (2) and (3):
0.5 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 2.0 (2)，
wherein S is ob (h) Indicating the sag (sag) of the object-side surface of the second lens at a height h from the optical axis, S im (h) Indicating the sagging amount of the image side surface of the first lens at the height h, and
0.7 < R ob /R im < 1.3 (3)，
wherein R is ob Indicating the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the second lens, R im Indicating the radius of curvature of the image side of the first lens.
Alternatively, the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens may have shapes represented by the following equations (2 a) and (3 a):
0.7<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<1.8 (2 a)
0.8<R ob /R im <1.2(3a)。
Alternatively, the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens may have shapes represented by the following equation (3 b):
0.7<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<1.6(3b)。
a second aspect of the embodiments provides an apparatus.
In a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the apparatus includes: an optical device, an image sensor that receives light passing through the optical device, and a processor for generating image data based on an output signal from the image sensor, wherein the optical device comprises: a lens group including a plurality of lenses; a moving unit configured to move the plurality of lenses; and a control unit configured to control the moving unit to change between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses are closest to each other so as to operate like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses are placed apart from each other. According to a first embodiment of the first aspect, the optical power of the lens group may be changed between a first optical power corresponding to the closed position state and a second optical power corresponding to the open position state.
A second possible implementation of the second aspect provides: according to a first possible implementation of the second aspect, the device is configured such that the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are configured to satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (1):
D min /φ < 0.2 (1)，
wherein D is min Indicating the distance between two adjacent lenses of the lens group, phi indicates the optical effective diameter of the lens group having the largest lens diameter. Alternatively, the plurality of lenses in the closed position state may satisfy the following condition provided by the following equation (1 a):
D min /φ<0.1(1a)。
a third possible implementation of the second aspect provides: the apparatus according to the first or second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the plurality of lenses comprises a first lens and a second lens that are aspherical surfaces opposite to each other, wherein an image side surface of the first lens and an object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens have shapes represented by the following equations (2) and (3):
0.5 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 2.0 (2)，
wherein S is ob (h) Indicating the sagging amount of the object side surface of the second lens at a height h from the optical axis, S im (h) Indicating the sagging amount of the image side surface of the first lens at the height h, and
0.7 < R ob /R im < 1.3 (3)，
wherein R is ob Indicating the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the second lens, R im Indicating the radius of curvature of the image side of the first lens.
Alternatively, the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens may have shapes represented by the following equations (2 a) and (3 a):
0.7<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<1.8 (2 a)
0.8<R ob /R im <1.2(3a)。
Alternatively, the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens may have shapes represented by the following equation (3 b):
0.7<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<1.6(3b)。
a third aspect of the embodiments provides a method. In a first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, a method for controlling a refractive power of a lens group including a plurality of lenses, the method includes: the actuator moves the plurality of lenses between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses are closest to each other so as to function like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses are placed apart from each other. According to a first embodiment of the third aspect, the optical power of the lens group may be changed between a first optical power corresponding to the closed position state and a second optical power corresponding to the open position state.
A second possible implementation of the second aspect provides: according to a first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the method is configured such that the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are configured to satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (1):
D min /φ < 0.2 (1)，
wherein D is min Indicating the distance between two adjacent lenses of the lens group, phi indicates the optical effective diameter of the lens group having the largest lens diameter. Alternatively, the plurality of lenses in the closed position state may satisfy the following condition provided by the following equation (1 a):
D min /φ<0.1(1a)。
a fourth aspect of the embodiments provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program causing a processor to perform a method according to the first or second possible implementation manner of the third aspect. A fifth aspect of the embodiments provides a computer readable program causing a processor to perform the method according to the first or second possible implementation manner of the third aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an external view showing a hardware configuration example of a mobile device in which an imaging lens group according to each of the first to sixth embodiments can be implemented;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section along line II-II in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration example of a mobile device in which the imaging lens group according to each of the first to sixth embodiments can be implemented;
fig. 4A is a configuration diagram showing an example of an imaging lens group according to the first embodiment, and fig. 4B is a table showing the focal length of each lens constituting the imaging lens group according to the first embodiment and conditions satisfied by the lenses;
fig. 5 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting the imaging lens group according to the first embodiment;
fig. 6A is a configuration diagram showing an example of an imaging lens group according to the second embodiment, and fig. 6B is a table showing the focal length of each lens constituting the imaging lens group according to the second embodiment and conditions satisfied by the lenses;
fig. 7 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting an imaging lens group according to the second embodiment;
fig. 8A is a configuration diagram showing an example of an imaging lens group according to the third embodiment, and fig. 8B is a table showing the focal lengths of the respective lenses constituting the imaging lens group according to the third embodiment and conditions satisfied by the lenses;
fig. 9 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting an imaging lens group according to the third embodiment;
fig. 10A is a configuration diagram showing an example of an imaging lens group according to the fourth embodiment, and fig. 10B is a table showing the focal length of each lens constituting the imaging lens group according to the fourth embodiment and conditions satisfied by the lenses;
fig. 11 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting an imaging lens group according to the fourth embodiment;
fig. 12A is a configuration diagram showing an example of an imaging lens group according to the fifth embodiment, and fig. 12B is a table showing the focal lengths of the respective lenses constituting the imaging lens group according to the fifth embodiment and conditions satisfied by the lenses;
fig. 13 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting an imaging lens group according to the fifth embodiment;
fig. 14A is a configuration diagram showing an example of an imaging lens group according to the sixth embodiment, and fig. 14B is a table showing the focal lengths of the respective lenses constituting the imaging lens group according to the sixth embodiment and conditions satisfied by the lenses;
fig. 15 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting an imaging lens group according to the sixth embodiment;
fig. 16 is a table showing lens data of respective lenses constituting an imaging lens group according to the respective embodiments.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the embodiment will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the embodiments described below are not all embodiments of the present disclosure, but only a portion of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described below without making inventive efforts fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
A configuration example of a mobile device in which the imaging lens group according to each embodiment can be implemented will be described first, and then configuration examples of the imaging lens groups according to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiments, and characteristics of these imaging lenses will be described in order.
(example implementation on a Mobile device)
A mobile device 10 in which one of imaging lens groups 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 according to first to sixth embodiments described below will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3. The mobile device 10 shown in fig. 1 and 2 is a smart phone, but is not limiting. The mobile device 10 is an example of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the device may be a cell phone, smart phone, tablet computer, personal computer, digital camera, digital video camera, security/surveillance camera, web camera, car/transportation camera, medical camera, etc.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of a smartphone 10 on which an imaging lens group according to each of the first to sixth embodiments can be mounted. In this configuration example, the smart phone includes three imaging units 31, 32, and 33. It should be noted that fig. 1 only shows the openings of each of the three imaging units arranged in the housing member 20 of the smartphone 10.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing a section along line II-II in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the imaging unit 31 of the smartphone 10 includes a main lens 15 forming an opening of the imaging unit 31, an imaging lens group (lens unit) 11 according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments described below, and an imaging device 16. At the time of imaging, light entering through the main lens 15 as an opening passes through the respective elements in the above-described order and reaches the imaging device 16. Further, the imaging unit 31 includes a moving unit 120 for moving the lens group for the imaging lens group 11, which will be described in the following portions of the embodiments. The moving unit 120 includes the actuator 12 (fig. 3) as its driving source.
The imaging device 16 includes an imaging element 170 such as a CCD or CMOS, and an AD conversion circuit (not shown) that converts an analog electric signal output from the imaging element into a digital image signal.
The imaging element 170 of the imaging device 16 is arranged at the position of the image plane. The imaging element has a plurality of pixels. For example, the imaging element includes a pixel that generates an electrical signal corresponding to the intensity of the red light component, a pixel that generates an electrical signal corresponding to the intensity of the blue light component, and a pixel that generates an electrical signal corresponding to the intensity of the green light component. As a modification, the imaging element may be another imaging element for monochromatic shooting, which includes a plurality of pixels that generate an electrical signal corresponding to the intensity of light.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of the smartphone 10 in which the imaging lens according to each of the first to sixth embodiments can be mounted, and mainly shows a control configuration associated with the imaging unit 31.
As shown in fig. 3, the control configuration of the smartphone 10 includes an actuator 12, a driver 13, and a CPU 14.
The CPU 14 executes a program stored in a memory (not shown) to control movement of lenses in the lens groups in the first to sixth embodiments described below. Specifically, the CPU 14 controls the driving of the actuator 12 via the driver 13, thereby controlling the movement of each lens in the imaging lens group 11. The actuator 12 and the driver 13 may be examples of a mobile unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the CPU 14 may be examples of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Further, a set of imaging lens group 11, actuator 12, and driver 13 may be examples of an optical device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-described configuration makes it possible to move and arrange lenses in the lens group of each embodiment described below.
First to sixth embodiments of the imaging lens group 11 in the smartphone 10 will be described below.
(first embodiment)
Fig. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an imaging lens group 101 of the first embodiment of the present disclosure, which imaging lens group 101 can be mounted as the imaging lens group 11 shown in the configuration example of the smartphone 10. Fig. 4A shows lens positions of the imaging lens group 101 in the closed position and the open position, respectively, and fig. 4B shows a table showing focal lengths and the like of the imaging lens group 101 in the closed position and the open position.
As shown in fig. 4A, the imaging lens group 101 of the present embodiment includes three lenses L1 to L3. In addition, AX denotes an optical axis, and S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6 denote surfaces of the lenses L1 to L3, respectively. For the imaging lens group 101, the closed position is a position where the respective lenses are close to each other, and conditional expressions (1) to (3) described later are satisfied. The open position is a position where the respective lenses of the imaging lens group 101 are separated from each other to achieve a predetermined refractive power. This makes it possible to reverse the positive and negative refractive powers provided at the closed and open positions. Further, for example, the open position may be determined to achieve a refractive power corresponding to the zoom and focus functions of the imaging device. Therefore, in the system of one lens group, the combination of the distances D1 and D2 between lenses described below with reference to fig. 5 is not limited to a single combination, and there may be a plurality of combinations, that is, there may be a plurality of open positions according to functions (such as the zoom function described above).
In fig. 4A, lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the imaging lens group 101 are arranged in order from the object side on the left side in fig. 4A to the image side on the right side in fig. 4A. That is, the lens L1 is located at the position closest to the object side, and the lens L3 is located at the position closest to the image side.
As shown in fig. 4A, the surfaces S1 and S2 are aspherical surfaces to achieve predetermined optical characteristics. The shape of the surfaces S1 and S2 allows the lens L1 to have positive refractive power.
The lens L2 is an aspherical lens. The shape of the surfaces S3 and S4 allows the lens L2 to have negative refractive power.
The object side surface S5 of the lens L3 is aspherical so that its shape approximates the shape of the image side surface S4 of the lens L2 adjacent thereto in the closed position and predetermined optical characteristics are achieved. The shape of the surfaces S5 and S6 allows the lens L3 to have negative refractive power.
As shown in the table of fig. 4B, the focal lengths of the lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the present embodiment are 22.8, -324.27, and-19.92, respectively. The total focal length of the entire imaging lens group 101 in the closed position and the open position is 29.14 and 23.94, respectively. The surface condition indicating the degree of approximation of the lens surface shape close to each other in the closed position is 0.84 for S2/S3 and 1.04 for S4/S5. Similarly, the radius condition indicating the approximation of the lens surface shapes close to each other in the closed position is 1.19 for S2/S3 and 0.96 for S4/S5. The distance condition shown in fig. 4B is a parameter in conditional expression (1) described later, indicating the distance between lenses when the lenses are closest to each other in the closed position. In the imaging lens group 101 of the present embodiment, the distance condition is 0.003.
In the closed position, the lenses L1, L2, and L3 are close to each other and satisfy conditional expressions (1) to (3) described later. Then, in this state (positional relationship), the three lenses L1, L2, and L3 have the same refractive power as one lens in the entire lens group. On the other hand, the lenses L1, L2, and L3 are separated from each other in the open position. In this state (positional relationship), the lenses L1, L2, L3 have respective refractive powers, but the imaging lens group 101 as a whole has a refractive power different from that of the open position.
As described above, the lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the imaging lens group 101 are close to each other in the closed position, and the entire lens group has the same refractive power as that of the individual lenses. On the other hand, in the open position, the refractive powers of the respective lenses are combined so that the entire imaging lens group 101 has a refractive power different from that of the closed position. Then, since the lenses L1, L2, and L3 are set to the closed position and the open position in the positional (distance) relationship, the refractive power distribution can be generated according to the relationship.
Conditional expressions (1) to (3) that should be satisfied in order for the lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the imaging lens group 101 to generate the above-described refractive power distribution in the closed position will now be described.
Lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the imaging lens group 10 satisfy the following
D min /φ<0.2 conditional expression (1),
wherein D is min Is a lens distance between the respective lenses when the lenses L1, L2, and L3 are close to each other in the closed position, and Φ is an optical effective diameter of a lens having the largest lens diameter among the lenses L1, L2, and L3 constituting the imaging lens group 101. In the present embodiment, the lens distance is a value given in the distance condition shown in fig. 4B.
Further, those lens surfaces of the lenses L1, L2 and L3 which are opposed to each other have similar surface shapes, satisfying the following conditional expression (2), wherein S ob (h) Is the surface shape (sagging amount) of the object side surface at an arbitrary lens diameter height h, S im (h) Is the surface shape (sagging amount) of the image side surface. In this embodiment, the surface shape has the values given in the surface condition shown in fig. 4B.
0.5<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<2.0 conditional expression (2).
The radii of curvature R1 and R2, R3 and R4, and R5 and R6 of the lens surfaces opposing each other satisfy the following conditional expression, wherein R ob Is the radius of curvature of the object-facing side of the object, R im Is the radius of curvature of the image side. In the present embodiment, the radius of curvature has the value given in the radius condition shown in fig. 4B.
0.7<R ob /R im <1.3 conditional expression (3).
More preferable conditions are provided for conditional expressions (1) to (3) below.
In conditional expression (1), when D min When the value of/phi becomes 0.2 or more, the refractive powers of the individual lenses start to be affected individually, and when the respective lenses are in the closed position, it is difficult to treat the entire lens group approximately as a single lens. Therefore, the difference in the power arrangement of the refractive power at the closed position and the change in the power arrangement of the refractive power after separation of the lens becomes small, and the intended effect cannot be obtained. Thus, conditional expressionThe formula (1) is preferably:
D min /φ<0.1 conditional expression (4).
Further, when the lens surface shapes do not satisfy the conditional expressions (2) and (3), those lens surfaces of the lenses L1, L2, and L3 which are opposed to each other are affected by their own refraction action, so that it is difficult to treat the entire lens group approximately as a single lens since each lens is in the closed position. Therefore, the difference in power arrangement of the refractive power at the closed position and the change in power arrangement of the refractive power after separation of the lens becomes small, and the intended effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, more preferably, conditional expressions (2) and (3) should be maintained respectively:
0.7<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<1.8 conditional expression (5)
0.8<R ob /R im <1.2 conditional expression (6).
Further, more preferably, conditional expression (5) should hold:
0.7 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] <1.6 Conditional expression (7).
Next, conditions of parameters defining optical characteristics of lenses L1, L2, and L3 included in the imaging lens group 101 will be described with reference to fig. 5. RDN in fig. 5 shows parameters of respective surfaces S1 to S6 constituting respective lenses of the imaging lens group 101 according to the first embodiment, R is a radius of curvature of the lens surface, D is a distance between individual lenses, nd is a refractive index on each surface, vd is an Abbe number (Abbe number), and Φ is an optical effective diameter of each lens.
Here, D1 denotes a distance between the image side (S2) of the lens L1 and the object side (S3) of the lens L2, D2 denotes a distance between the image side (S4) of the lens L2 and the object side (S5) of the lens L3, and D1 and D2 show different values when the lens group is in the closed position and the open position. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, at the closed position D1:0.01 and D2:0.01, open position D1:1.23 and D2:1.69.
the "aspherical coefficient (Aspherical Coefficients)" in fig. 5 indicates an aspherical coefficient of a corresponding order.
Of the parameters shown in the RDN table of fig. 5, R, D, nd and Φ are designed to satisfy all of the conditional expressions (1) to (3) described above. The abbe number Vd is a value to correct axial chromatic aberration and chromatic aberration of magnification in a well-balanced manner.
The shape of the aspherical lens is given by an expression of the aspherical shape shown in the following expression (8), wherein Z represents the depth of the aspherical surface, Y represents the distance (height) from the optical axis to the lens surface, R represents the paraxial radius of curvature, K represents the conic constant, C 4 、C 6 、C 8 And C 10 And respectively represent the fourth order, sixth order, eighth order and tenth order aspheric coefficients.
Z＝(Y 2 /R)/[1-{1-(1+K)(Y 2 /R 2 )} 1/2 ]+C 4 Y 4 +C 6 Y 6 +C 8 Y 8 +C 10 Y 10 Conditional expression (8).
In the example shown in fig. 5, the lens L2 is an aspherical lens. Lenses L1 and L3 have an aspherical surface on one side and a spherical surface on the other side. At least one of the lenses L1, L2, and L3 may be a resin lens. For example, when the aspherical lens is constituted by a resin lens that is easy to process, the manufacturing cost of the imaging lens group 101 can be reduced.
The total focal length of the lens group in the table shown in fig. 4B was compared between a closed position of 29.14mm and an open position of 23.94mm. Therefore, by shifting the state from the closed position to the open position and changing the refractive power distribution, the three lenses L1, L2, and L3 are allowed to have the function of a zoom lens.
Further, it is to be understood that those in the table shown in fig. 4B, which express the values of conditional expressions (1) to (3), satisfy conditional expressions (4) to (6) providing more preferable conditions, and conditional expression (7) providing more preferable conditions. Thus, the lenses L1, L2, and L3 in the present embodiment appear as a single lens in the entire lens group at the closed position, and when separated toward the open position, the lenses can change the refractive power distribution of the entire lens group more than the value at the closed position due to the refractive power of each lens.
As described above, when a plurality of lenses are arranged to form a lens group and the arrangement relationship thereof does not satisfy conditional expressions (1) to (3), the plurality of lenses exist only alone to achieve respective optical characteristics. On the other hand, according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the arrangement relation of the plurality of lenses is set so that conditional expressions (1) to (3) are satisfied in the closed position, and the lenses have a predetermined refractive power in the open position. This allows the lens as the lens group to generate a refractive power distribution according to the positional relationship of the lens. Therefore, when the refractive power distribution is achieved, an increase in the size of the imaging apparatus can be prevented.
(second embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described. A detailed description of the contents repeated with the first embodiment will be omitted hereinafter.
Fig. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an imaging lens group 102 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, which imaging lens group 102 may be implemented as the imaging lens group 11 shown in the configuration example of the smartphone 10. Fig. 6A shows lens positions of the imaging lens group 102 in the closed position and the open position, respectively, and fig. 6B shows a table showing focal lengths and the like of the imaging lens group 102 in the closed position and the open position.
In fig. 6A, lenses L1, L2, L3, and L4 of the imaging lens group 102 according to the second embodiment are arranged in order from the object side on the left side in fig. 6A to the image side on the right side in fig. 6A. That is, the lens L1 is located at the position closest to the object side, and the lens L4 is located at the position closest to the image side.
The shape of the lenses L1, L2, L3, and L4 is shown in fig. 6A. In the imaging lens group 102, the lenses L1 and L2 have negative refractive power. The lenses L3 and L4 have positive refractive power. The lens L3 is an aspherical lens.
Each lens of the imaging lens group 102 satisfies the condition shown in fig. 6B, and the shape is defined by the lens parameters shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 7 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting the imaging lens group 102 according to the second embodiment. Fig. 6B is a table showing the focal lengths of lenses constituting the imaging lens group 102 according to the second embodiment, the total focal lengths of the entire lens group at the open position and the closed position, and the respective values of conditional expressions (1) to (3) of the lenses L1, L2, L3, and L4.
By setting the lens parameters of the respective lenses according to the conditions in fig. 6B, various aberrations can be corrected. Further, since the abbe number of each lens is set as shown in fig. 7, chromatic aberration can be corrected. In addition, the total focal length of the closed position and the open position were compared, the total focal length of the open position being 58.82mm, the total focal length of the closed position being 341.42mm, approximately 5.8 times the total focal length of the open position. Therefore, by shifting the state from the closed position to the open position and changing the refractive power distribution, the four lenses L1, L2, L3, and L4 of the imaging lens group 102 can be provided with the function of a zoom lens.
As shown in fig. 6A, the lenses L1 and L2, the lenses L2 and L3, and the lenses L3 and L4 have approximate shapes on opposite sides S2 and S3, S4 and S5, and S6 and S7, respectively, at least in the vicinity of the optical axis. Thus, the lenses in the closed position can be brought close to each other to satisfy the conditional expressions (1) to (3), and have the same refractive power as a single lens.
(third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described. A detailed description of the contents repeated with the first embodiment will be omitted hereinafter.
Fig. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing an imaging lens group 103 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure, which imaging lens group 103 may be implemented as the imaging lens group 11 shown in the configuration example of the smartphone 10. Fig. 8A shows lens positions of the imaging lens group 103 in the closed position and the open position, respectively, and fig. 8B shows a table showing focal lengths and the like of the imaging lens group 103 in the closed position and the open position. The lens configuration of the imaging lens group 103 corresponds to the conditions in fig. 8B and the lens parameters in fig. 9, which will be described later.
As shown in fig. 8A, the imaging lens group 103 of the present embodiment includes two lenses L1 and L2. Lenses L1 and L2 are arranged in order from the object side on the left side of fig. 8A to the image side on the right side of fig. 8A. The lens L1 is located at a position closest to the object side, and the lens L2 is located at a position closest to the image side.
The shape of the lenses L1 and L2 is shown in fig. 8A. In the imaging lens group 103, the lens L1 has a negative refractive power. The lens L2 has positive refractive power. The lenses L1 and L2 are aspherical lenses.
Each lens of the imaging lens group 103 satisfies the condition shown in fig. 8B, and the shape is defined by the lens parameters shown in fig. 9.
Fig. 8B is a table showing the respective values of conditional expressions (1) to (3) of the focal length of the lenses constituting the imaging lens group 103 according to the third embodiment, the total focal length of the entire lens group in the open position and the closed position, and the lenses L1 and L2. Fig. 9 is a table showing lens parameters of respective lenses constituting the imaging lens group 103 according to the third embodiment.
By setting the lens parameters of the respective lenses according to the conditions in fig. 8B, various aberrations can be corrected. Further, since the abbe number of each lens is set as shown in fig. 9, chromatic aberration can be corrected. In addition, the total focal length of the closed position and the open position were compared, the total focal length of the open position being 13.48mm, the total focal length of the closed position being 89.97mm, approximately 6.7 times the total focal length of the open position. Therefore, by shifting the state from the closed position to the open position and changing the refractive power distribution, the two lenses L1 and L2 of the imaging lens group 103 can be provided with the function of a zoom lens.
As shown in fig. 8A, the lenses L1 and L2 have approximate shapes on the opposite sides S2 and S3 at least in the vicinity of the optical axis. Thus, the lenses in the closed position can be brought close to each other to satisfy the conditional expressions (1) to (3), and have the same refractive power as a single lens.
(fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. A detailed description of the contents repeated with the first embodiment will be omitted hereinafter.
Fig. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing an imaging lens group 104 according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, which imaging lens group 104 may be implemented as the imaging lens group 11 shown in the configuration example of the smartphone 10. Fig. 10A shows lens positions of the imaging lens group 104 in the closed position and the open position, respectively, and fig. 10B shows a table showing focal lengths and the like of the imaging lens group 104 in the closed position and the open position.
As shown in fig. 10A, the imaging lens group 104 of the present embodiment includes two lenses L1 and L2. Lenses L1 and L2 are arranged in order from the object side on the left side of fig. 10A to the image side on the right side of fig. 10A. The lens L1 is located at a position closest to the object side, and the lens L2 is located at a position closest to the image side.
The shape of the lenses L1 and L2 is shown in fig. 10A. In the imaging lens group 104, the lens L1 has a negative refractive power. The lens L2 has positive refractive power. The lens L1 is an aspherical lens.
Each lens of the imaging lens group 104 satisfies the condition shown in fig. 10B, and the shape is defined by the lens parameters shown in fig. 11.
Fig. 10B is a table showing the respective values of conditional expressions (1) to (3) of the focal length of lenses constituting the imaging lens group 104 according to the fourth embodiment, the total focal length of the entire lens group in the open position and the closed position, and the lenses L1 and L2. Fig. 11 is a table showing lens parameters of each lens constituting the imaging lens group 104 according to the fourth embodiment.
By setting the lens parameters of the respective lenses according to the conditions in fig. 10B, various aberrations can be corrected. Further, since the abbe number of each lens is set as shown in fig. 11, chromatic aberration can be corrected. In addition, the total focal length of the closed position and the open position were compared, the total focal length of the closed position taking a negative value of-60.40 mm, and the total focal length of the open position taking a positive value of 50.20mm. Therefore, by changing the state from the closed position to the open position and changing the refractive power distribution from negative to positive, the two lenses L1 and L2 of the imaging lens group 104 can be provided with the function of a zoom lens.
As shown in fig. 10A, the opposite sides S2 and S3 of the lenses L1 and L2 are close to each other with a slight gap therebetween at the closed position. However, even in this case, the lenses L1 and L2 satisfy conditional expressions (1) to (3) so that the lens in the closed position has the equivalent refractive power as a single lens.
(fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. A detailed description of the contents repeated with the first embodiment will be omitted hereinafter.
Fig. 12A and 12B are diagrams showing an imaging lens group 105 according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure, which imaging lens group 105 may be implemented as the imaging lens group 11 shown in the configuration example of the smartphone 10. Fig. 12A shows lens positions of the imaging lens group 105 in the closed position and the open position, respectively, and fig. 12B shows a table showing focal lengths and the like of the imaging lens group 105 in the closed position and the open position.
As shown in fig. 12A, the imaging lens group 105 of the present embodiment includes three lenses L1 to L3. Lenses L1, L2, and L3 are arranged in order from the object side on the left side of fig. 12A to the image side on the right side of fig. 12A. The lens L1 is located at a position closest to the object side, and the lens L3 is located at a position closest to the image side.
The shape of the lenses L1, L2, and L3 is shown in fig. 12A. In the imaging lens group 105, the lenses L1 and L3 have negative refractive power. The lens L3 is an aspherical lens. The lens L2 has positive refractive power.
Each lens of the imaging lens group 105 satisfies the condition shown in fig. 12B, and the shape is defined by the lens parameters shown in fig. 13.
Fig. 12B is a table showing the respective values of conditional expressions (1) to (3) of the focal length of lenses constituting the imaging lens group 105 according to the fifth embodiment, the total focal length of the entire lens group in the open position and the closed position, and the lenses L1, L2, and L3. Fig. 13 is a table showing lens parameters of each lens constituting the imaging lens group 105 according to the fifth embodiment.
By setting the lens parameters of the respective lenses according to the conditions in fig. 12B, various aberrations can be corrected. Further, since the abbe number of each lens is set as shown in fig. 13, chromatic aberration can be corrected. In addition, the total focal length of the closed position and the open position were compared, the total focal length of the closed position taking a negative value of-60.40 mm, and the total focal length of the open position taking a positive value of 50.20mm. Therefore, by changing the state from the closed position to the open position and changing the refractive power distribution from negative to positive, the three lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the imaging lens group 105 can be provided with the function of a zoom lens.
As shown in fig. 12A, the lenses L1 and L2 have approximate shapes on the opposite sides S2 and S3 at least in the vicinity of the optical axis. The same applies to lenses L2 and L3. Thus, the lenses in the closed position can be brought close to each other to satisfy the conditional expressions (1) to (3), and have the same refractive power as a single lens.
(sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment will be described. A detailed description of the contents repeated with the first embodiment will be omitted hereinafter.
Fig. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing an imaging lens group 106 according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure, which imaging lens group 106 may be implemented as the imaging lens group 11 shown in the configuration example of the smartphone 10. Fig. 14A shows lens positions of the imaging lens group 106 in the closed position and the open position, respectively, and fig. 14B shows a table showing focal lengths and the like of the imaging lens group 106 in the closed position and the open position.
As shown in fig. 14A, the imaging lens group 106 of the present embodiment includes three lenses L1 to L3. Lenses L1, L2, and L3 are arranged in order from the object side on the left side of fig. 14A to the image side on the right side of fig. 14A. The lens L1 is located at a position closest to the object side, and the lens L3 is located at a position closest to the image side.
The shape of the lenses L1, L2, and L3 is shown in fig. 14A. In the imaging lens group 106, the lenses L1 and L2 have negative refractive power. The lenses L1, L2, and L3 are aspherical lenses. The lens L3 has positive refractive power.
Each lens of the imaging lens group 106 satisfies the condition shown in fig. 14B, and the shape is defined by the lens parameters shown in fig. 15.
Fig. 14B is a table showing the respective values of conditional expressions (1) to (3) of the focal length of lenses constituting the imaging lens group 106 according to the sixth embodiment, the total focal length of the entire lens group in the open position and the closed position, and the lenses L1, L2, and L3. Fig. 15 is a table showing lens parameters of each lens constituting the imaging lens group 106 according to the sixth embodiment.
By setting the lens parameters of the respective lenses according to the conditions in fig. 14B, various aberrations can be corrected. Further, since the abbe number of each lens is set as shown in fig. 15, chromatic aberration can be corrected. In addition, the total focal length of the closed position and the open position were compared, the total focal length of the closed position taking a negative value of-60.40 mm, and the total focal length of the open position taking a positive value of 50.20mm. Therefore, the three lenses L1, L2, and L3 of the imaging lens group 106 can be provided with a function of a zoom lens by changing the state from the closed position to the open position and changing the refractive power distribution from negative to positive.
As shown in fig. 14A, the opposite sides S3, S4, and S5 of the lenses L1, L2, and L3 have a slight gap therebetween at the closed position. However, even in this case, the lenses L1, L2, and L3 satisfy conditional expressions (1) to (3) so that the lens in the closed position has the equivalent refractive power as a single lens.
Fig. 16 summarizes the values of conditional expressions (1) to (3) of each example. As can be seen from the values in the table, each example satisfies conditional expressions (1) to (3). Further, since conditional expressions (4) to (6) and (7) are satisfied in examples 1, 2 and 3, imaging lenses constituting examples 1, 2 and 3 have more preferable parameters.
The above disclosure discloses exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments, as well as all or part of other embodiments and modifications derived from the scope of the claims of the invention, are of course within the scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. An optical device, comprising:
a lens group including a plurality of lenses;
a moving unit configured to move the plurality of lenses; and
a control unit configured to control the moving unit to change between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses are closest to each other so as to function like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses are placed apart from each other.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are configured to satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (1):
D min /φ < 0.2 (1)，
wherein D is min Two adjacent lenses indicative of the lens groupAnd phi indicates the optical effective diameter of the lens having the largest lens diameter in the lens group.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the plurality of lenses includes a first lens and a second lens that are aspherical surfaces opposite to each other, wherein an image side surface of the first lens and an object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens have shapes represented by the following equations (2) and (3):
0.5 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 2.0 (2)，
wherein S is ob (h) Indicating the sag of the object side surface of the second lens at a height h from the optical axis, S im (h) Indicating an amount of sag of the image side surface of the first lens at the height h, an
0.7 < R ob /R im < 1.3 (3)，
Wherein R is ob Indicating a radius of curvature, R, of the object side surface of the second lens im Indicating a radius of curvature of the image side of the first lens.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are specifically configured to satisfy the condition provided by the following equation (4):
D min /φ < 0.1 (4)。
5. the apparatus of claim 3, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens are specifically configured to have shapes represented by the following equations (5) and (6):
0.7<abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)]<1.8 (5)
0.8 < R ob /R im < 1.2 (6)。
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens are specifically configured to have a shape represented by the following equation (7):
0.7 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 1.6 (7)。
7. an apparatus, comprising:
an optical device, an image sensor that receives light passing through the optical device, and a processor for generating image data based on an output signal from the image sensor, wherein the optical device comprises:
a lens group including a plurality of lenses;
a moving unit configured to move the plurality of lenses; and
a control unit configured to control the moving unit to change between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses are closest to each other so as to function like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses are placed apart from each other.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are configured to satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (8):
D min /φ < 0.2 (8)，
wherein D is min Indicating the distance between two adjacent lenses of the lens group, phi indicating the optical effective diameter of the lens group having the largest lens diameter.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein,
the plurality of lenses includes a first lens and a second lens that are aspherical surfaces opposite to each other, wherein an image side surface of the first lens and an object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens have shapes represented by the following equations (9) and (10):
0.5 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 2.0 (9)，
wherein S is ob (h) Indicating the sag of the object side surface of the second lens at a height h from the optical axis, S im (h) Indicating an amount of sag of the image side surface of the first lens at the height h, an
0.7 < R ob /R im < 1.3 (10)，
Wherein R is ob Indicating a radius of curvature, R, of the object side surface of the second lens im Indicating a radius of curvature of the image side of the first lens.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the plurality of lenses in the closed position state are specifically configured to satisfy the condition provided by the following equation (11):
D min /φ < 0.1 (11)。
11. the apparatus of claim 9, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens are specifically configured to have shapes represented by the following equations (12) and (13):
0.7 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 1.8 (12)，
0.8 < R ob /R im < 1.2 (13)。
12. the apparatus of claim 11, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,
the image side surface of the first lens and the object side surface of the second lens facing the image side surface of the first lens are specifically configured to have a shape represented by the following equation (14):
0.7 < abs[S ob (h)/S im (h)] < 1.6 (14)。
13. a method for controlling the optical power of a lens group comprising a plurality of lenses, comprising:
an actuator moves the plurality of lenses between a closed position state in which the plurality of lenses are closest to each other so as to function like one lens, and an open position state in which the plurality of lenses are placed apart from each other.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of determining the position of the probe is performed,
the closed position state is configured as a state in which the plurality of lenses satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (15):
D min /φ < 0.2 (15)，
wherein D is min Indicating the distance between two adjacent lenses of the lens group, phi indicating the optical effective diameter of the lens group having the largest lens diameter.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of providing the first information comprises,
the closed position state is specifically configured as a state in which the plurality of lenses satisfy a condition provided by the following equation (16):
D min /φ < 0.1 (16)。
16. a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, characterized in that it stores a program that causes a processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 13 to 15.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2020/116344 WO2022056889A1 (en) | 2020-09-19 | 2020-09-19 | Optical apparatus |
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| CN116209938A true CN116209938A (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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| EP (1) | EP4204884A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2023541982A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN116209938A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022056889A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3681132B2 (en) | 1996-03-22 | 2005-08-10 | フジノン株式会社 | Zoom finder |
| KR100547999B1 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-02-01 | 삼성테크윈 주식회사 | Zoom lens barrel |
| JP4777018B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2011-09-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | Zoom lens and imaging apparatus having the same |
| JP2010008746A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-01-14 | Hoya Corp | Barrier mechanism for lens barrel |
| JP5719989B2 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2015-05-20 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Lens barrel and imaging device |
| JP5464922B2 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2014-04-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | Lens barrel and imaging device |
| JP2011002743A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-01-06 | Hoya Corp | Zoom lens barrel including variable aperture stop mechanism |
| KR101289797B1 (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-07-26 | 삼성테크윈 주식회사 | Zoom illuminating system and imaging apparatus employing the same |
| CN204575972U (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-19 | 杭州映墨科技有限公司 | A kind of optical lens structure presenting the wearable virtual implementing helmet of three-dimensional scenic |
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2020
- 2020-09-19 EP EP20953747.1A patent/EP4204884A4/en active Pending
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| WO2022056889A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
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