CN116208193B - Method for wireless channel frequency hopping synchronization in PLC and RF integrated network - Google Patents
Method for wireless channel frequency hopping synchronization in PLC and RF integrated network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
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Abstract
A method of wireless channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network having a first node and a second node, and at least one PLC medium and an RF medium, the method comprising at least one of: the first node uses the PLC media to transmit first frequency hopping data, and after the second node receives the first frequency hopping data, the second node uses the first frequency hopping data to transmit or receive a packet in the RF media; the first node transmits second frequency hopping data by using the PLC media, and the second node transmits the second frequency hopping data in the PLC media after receiving the second frequency hopping data; and the first node transmits third frequency hopping data by using the RF media, and the second node transmits the third frequency hopping data on the PLC media after receiving the third frequency hopping data.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for synchronizing Frequency hopping of channels, and more particularly to a method for synchronizing Frequency hopping of channels in a power line communication (Power Line Communication, hereinafter abbreviated as PLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) integrated network.
Background
In the frequency hopping transmission scheme of the prior art RF network, the node changes its listening channel every fixed time. If the transmitting end wants to transmit a packet to the receiving end, the transmitting end firstly estimates the time point when the packet actually starts to be transmitted so as to estimate the answering channel where the receiving end should be located, and switches to the channel for transmission. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a receiving-end frequency hopping sequence recognized by a transmitting end and an actual frequency hopping sequence of the receiving end, wherein a sequence S1 shows the receiving-end frequency hopping sequence recognized by the transmitting end, and a sequence S2 shows the actual frequency hopping sequence of the receiving end. The arrow R indicates that the receiving end transmits a packet to the transmitting end for the last time, the packet includes the frequency hopping data of the receiving end, and the transmitting end can update the frequency hopping timing sequence of the receiving end recognized by the transmitting end after receiving the frequency hopping data. Arrow T represents that the transmitting end actually transmits a packet to the receiving end in channel Chan2, and the packet also includes the hop data of the transmitting end, so that the receiving end can update the recognized hop timing of the transmitting end.
Information transmission between the transmitting end and the receiving end may be temporarily disabled due to poor signal quality of the RF path. As the interruption time is accumulated, the frequency hopping timing of the receiving end perceived by the transmitting end gradually generates misalignment, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 shows the influence caused by the gradual expansion of the frequency hopping timing (timing S1) error of the receiving end perceived by the transmitting end; the transmitting end transmits a packet to the receiving end at the channel Chan8 according to the arrow T, and the receiving end is not able to successfully receive the packet because the receiving end is already at the channel Chan4 according to the frequency hopping time sequence.
Similarly, channel synchronization problems in conventional RF networks may also be faced in PLC and RF integrated networks. In a PLC and RF integrated network, RF communication between two nodes may experience temporary interruption situations, such as: temporary external disturbances or obstructions, etc.; in this case, although the PLC medium is another medium available for communication, when the RF medium communication resumes, the RF hopping timing of the counterpart perceived by the two nodes to each other may have a significant gap, and the two nodes may need to transmit additional control information on the RF medium to resynchronize the hopping timing of the counterpart, which may require additional delay, and may cause a change in routing to make the network unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that frequency channel mismatch is generated during RF frequency hopping due to overlong RF communication interruption period in a PLC and RF integrated network; the invention can also achieve that a plurality of nodes have consistent broadcast frequency hopping time sequence in the PLC and RF integrated network.
The invention discloses a wireless channel frequency hopping synchronization method in a PLC and RF integrated network, wherein a node can transmit frequency hopping data by a PLC medium for other receiving nodes to use, and the receiving node uses the frequency hopping data to transmit packets in an RF medium; the node can transmit the frequency hopping data by the PLC media for other receiving nodes to use, and the receiving nodes use the frequency hopping data to transmit the frequency hopping data on the RF media or the PLC media; the node can transmit the frequency hopping data by the PLC media for other receiving nodes to use, and the receiving nodes use the frequency hopping data to receive packets in the RF media; the node may receive the frequency-hopped data from the RF medium and use the frequency-hopped data to transmit the frequency-hopped data on the PLC medium.
The invention discloses an embodiment, wherein if the node is a node with at least one PLC transceiver, the node comprises: the common MAC layer includes the frequency hopping data in the packets to be transmitted and analyzes the frequency hopping data transmitted by other nodes; the frequency hopping data updating unit is used for updating the frequency hopping data to be transmitted by the node; if the node includes both the PLC transceiver and the RF transceiver, the node further includes a media selector configured to select to use the PLC media to transmit the frequency hopping data, or the RF media to transmit the frequency hopping data, or to select both the PLC media and the RF media and transmit the frequency hopping data respectively.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows the transmission and reception of a prior art RF hopping network.
Fig. 2 shows the effect of the gradual expansion of the error in the frequency hopping timing (timing S1) of the receiving end perceived by the transmitting end of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows broadcast and unicast hopping sequences with multiple nodes in an RF hopping network.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the broadcast frequency hopping sequence that can also achieve full network synchronization in a PLC and RF integrated network according to the present invention.
Fig. 5A shows a schematic diagram of a node in an apparatus 100 for channel hopping synchronization in a PLC and RF integrated network according to the present invention.
Fig. 5B shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus 200 of a node having only a PLC transceiver in a PLC and RF integrated network in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6A shows the MAC packet format of IEEE 802.15.4.
Fig. 6B shows an MPDU format of the MAC of IEEE 1901.1.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the conversion from PLC transmission to RF transmission by two neighboring nodes using the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a prior art RF network having a plurality of channel hopping sequences of nodes, wherein each node includes a respective unicast hopping sequence and a broadcast hopping sequence of the entire network determined by a root node, and the unicast hopping sequences of the nodes must be prioritized by the broadcast hopping sequence when encountering the broadcast hopping sequence. The time interval of each channel in the unicast frequency hopping time sequence is of a fixed size and is called a unicast duration interval; likewise, the time interval of each channel in the broadcast hopping sequence is referred to as a broadcast duration interval.
Fig. 3 shows a time axis divided into time intervals 9, 10, … of fixed length, called broadcasting intervals (Broadcast Interval), and each broadcasting interval starts with a broadcasting duration (Broadcast Dwell Interval) D1-D4 for transmitting and receiving broadcasting packets, such as a diagonal line region. The remaining part of each broadcast interval after the broadcast duration interval is used for receiving and transmitting unicast packets, taking a broadcast interval 9 as an example, when the node 1-3 starts the broadcast duration interval D1, the node 1-3 switches to the channel Chan6 for monitoring at the same time, and if there is a broadcast packet to be transmitted, the broadcast duration interval D1 can be used for transmitting; immediately after the end of the broadcast duration D1, the nodes 1, 2 and 3 switch to the channels Chan6, chan4 and Chan3 to monitor the packets, respectively.
When transmitting unicast packets, the transmitting end takes the receiving end as a guide, namely, the transmitting end switches channels to channels monitored by the receiving end for transmission; the transmitting end can calculate and correct the frequency hopping time sequence of the receiving end perceived by the transmitting end through the information such as the frequency hopping data, the last receiving time, the current time and the like which are sent by the receiving end. The broadcasting frequency hopping time sequence of the whole network is determined by a root node; the child nodes of the root node synchronize their broadcast time sequences after receiving the broadcast frequency hopping data sent by the root node, and then send out updated broadcast frequency hopping data to synchronize their child nodes, and so on, the nodes of the whole network have synchronized broadcast frequency hopping time sequences.
The frequency hopping data described in this specification are part of the prior art and are used to illustrate the present invention and are not limited to the following. The frequency hopping data can be classified into unicast frequency hopping data and broadcast frequency hopping data. The unicast frequency hopping data includes a unicast duration size, or a unicast sequence interval duty cycle. The broadcast hopping data includes a broadcast duration size, a broadcast interval size, a broadcast time slot number, a broadcast interval offset, and the like. In addition, the unicast frequency hopping data and the broadcast frequency hopping data further comprise information such as respective frequency hopping functions, channel planning, channel spacing, start channel and the like. Embodiments of the present invention provide for the transmission of frequency hopping data by the nodes, and in one embodiment include all or a portion of the foregoing.
The invention discloses a wireless channel frequency hopping synchronization method in a PLC and RF integrated network, wherein a node sends out frequency hopping data from a selected medium according to the selected medium, and a node receiving the frequency hopping data uses the frequency hopping data for subsequent transmission or reception.
For more details, please refer to fig. 4. The node a and the node B in fig. 4 may be nodes having an RF transceiver, a PLC transceiver, or both the RF transceiver and the PLC transceiver, respectively; node a and node B may thus have different types of link types.
If node a transmits its unicast frequency-hopping data from the PLC medium to node B, node B may use the unicast frequency-hopping data as a subsequent option for RF medium to transmit packets to node a.
If node a transmits broadcast frequency hopping data from PLC media and node B is one of the receiving nodes, node B may adjust its broadcast frequency hopping timing according to the broadcast frequency hopping data for subsequent use in RF media broadcast transmission packets, which may include updated broadcast frequency hopping information.
If node a transmits broadcast frequency hopping data from the PLC medium and node B is one of the receiving nodes, node B may subsequently update the broadcast frequency hopping data and transmit the updated broadcast frequency hopping data from the PLC medium. In one embodiment, the broadcast frequency hopping data transmitted by the node B is derived from the broadcast frequency hopping data and the processing delay associated with the PLC medium.
If node a transmits broadcast frequency hopping data from the PLC medium and node B is one of the receiving nodes, node B may use the broadcast frequency hopping data to adjust its broadcast frequency hopping timing for receiving the broadcast packets on the RF medium.
If node a transmits broadcast frequency hopping data from the PLC medium and node B is one of the receiving nodes, node B may subsequently update the broadcast frequency hopping data and node B may transmit the updated broadcast frequency hopping data from the PLC medium.
Node a transmits broadcast frequency hopping data over RF media and node B is one of the receiving nodes, which may subsequently update the broadcast frequency hopping data and node B transmits the updated broadcast frequency hopping data over PLC media. In one embodiment, the broadcast frequency hopping data transmitted by the node B is derived from the broadcast frequency hopping data and the processing delay associated with the PLC medium.
Please refer to fig. 5A at the same time. Fig. 5A shows an apparatus 100 in a node according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the device 100 in the node is a device with a PLC and an RF transceiver, which includes: a medium access control layer (Media Access Control, hereinafter referred to as MAC layer) 101, a medium selector 102, a frequency hopping data updating unit 103, a PLC MAC layer 104, and a PLC PHY layer 105 and an RF PHY layer 106; wherein the MAC layer 101 is common to both PLC media and RF media.
The media selector 102 is configured to select at least one media transmission frequency hopping data; and a frequency hopping data updating unit 103 coupled to the media selector 102 for updating the frequency hopping data to be transmitted.
In one embodiment, the media selector 102 may be implemented in a variety of ways, for example: the node is configured in advance to fixedly use a certain medium for transmission; the use of some media for transmission may also be specified by an upper layer in the node; the transmission by using a certain medium can also be performed inside the medium selector 102, and the medium selector 102 is replaced by the PLC and the RF alternately according to the circulation rule; the transmission by using a certain medium can be converted to another medium after the certain medium fails for a plurality of times continuously; the transmission using some medium may also be selected for unicast or broadcast based on the packet, for example: if unicast, only one media transmission is selected at a time, and if broadcast, both PLC media and RF media are selected for transmission.
In one embodiment, if the node is a PLC transceiver only node, the device 100 may not be provided with the media selector 102.
The MAC layer 101 in fig. 5A is an IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and is shared by PLC and RF media, the packet format is as shown in fig. 6A, and the frequency hopping data can be added in the Header information elements (headers IEs) and Payload information elements (Payload IEs) fields. Where MHR is the frame header (MAC header), MAC Payload is the MAC Payload, and MFR is the MAC trailer (MAC footer).
In one embodiment, the PLC MAC is the MAC of IEEE 1901.1, and the format of the MAC protocol data unit MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is shown in fig. 6B, which includes Frame Control (Frame Control) and Payload (Payload), and the PLC MAC layer 104 needs to perform simplification and modification of partial functions, where the retransmission mechanism and the delay (backoff) mechanism are instead determined by the common MAC layer 101, so as to update the frequency hopping data in the packet at a proper time; in one embodiment, the frame control length is 16 bits and the payload length is 72/136/264/520 bits.
If the medium selected by the medium selector 102 is included in the RF medium for transmission, the frequency-hopping data updating unit 103 can update the frequency-hopping data in the packet and calculate the reception channel of the transmission object according to the prior art. If the medium selected by the medium selector includes PLC, the frequency-hopping data updating unit 103 estimates the processing time delay required for the packet to pass through the PLC MAC layer 104 and the PLC PHY layer 105 from the time point and the processing time delay required for the packet to pass before actually being transmitted, so as to correctly update the frequency-hopping data in the packet. If the frequency hopping data comprises unicast frequency hopping data, calculating a unicast sequence interval duty ratio in the unicast frequency hopping data by using at least the delay; if the frequency-hopping data comprises broadcast frequency-hopping data, the delay is used to calculate a broadcast time slot number and a broadcast interval offset in the broadcast frequency-hopping data.
It should be noted that, after the processing of the data update unit 103 is finished, if the actual accumulated time is found in the PLC MAC layer 104 or the PLC PHY layer 105 to exceed the delay estimated by the original data update unit 103 by an allowable range, the packet should be discarded and the common MAC layer 101 should be notified to perform the subsequent processing.
In one embodiment, the common MAC layer 101 has a data-over-hop judging logic (not shown) that checks whether the data is or will be out of date during the processing before the node sends the data out; if it has become obsolete or will become obsolete, the node will re-update the frequency hopping data.
Fig. 5B shows a node device 200 with only a PLC transceiver in a PLC and RF integrated network according to the present invention, which is different from fig. 5A in that the node has no RF PHY layer, and only a PLC transceiver is provided, so that a media selector is not required, and the rest of the operation principles are the same as the above, and will not be repeated here.
Referring to fig. 7, the present embodiment initially shows that the transmission quality of the RF medium between the node 5 and the node 6 is poor (the black block indicates that the communication quality is low), and the transmission quality of the PLC medium is good (the white block indicates that the communication quality is high), at this time, the node 5 selects the PLC medium and the node 6 to transmit a data packet data, and the node 6 replies a MAC acknowledgement message (hereinafter referred to as MAC ACK) to the PLC after receiving the data packet data and the MAC ACK, and both the data packet data and the MAC ACK have unicast frequency hopping data of the sender so that the receiving end can synchronize with the data packet data and the MAC ACK. After a plurality of times, the transmission quality of the RF medium becomes good, and the transmission quality of the PLC medium decreases, and the node 5 does not receive the MAC ACK of the node 6 after sending a data packet data, and at this time, the node 5 selects to transmit the data packet with the RF medium; because the frequency hopping data of the RF medium is continuously subjected to frequency hopping data exchange on the PLC medium before the communication quality of the PLC medium is reduced, the node 5 still maintains the frequency hopping time sequence within the error tolerance range of the node 6, so that the data packet data is received by the node 6; after receiving the data packet data, the node 6 can transmit MAC ACK to the node 5 by using unicast frequency hopping information therein.
The invention can achieve the broadcasting frequency hopping time sequence of the whole network synchronization in a PLC and RF integrated network. It is assumed that node a and node B are two nodes having a relationship between a parent node and a child node in the PLC and RF integrated network, where node a is a parent node and node B is a child node, and at least one transceiver having the same medium exists between node a and node B for communication. If node a is a node with a broadcast frequency hopping sequence synchronized with the root node, node B may obtain broadcast frequency hopping data from node a and continue to transmit it to its underlying child nodes after updating, whether node a and node B exchange data via RF, PLC, or both. Note that the node a may also be a root node with only a PLC transceiver, which may still initiate a broadcast frequency hopping sequence.
Claims (12)
1. A method for wireless channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network, wherein the network has a first node and a second node, and at least one PLC medium and an RF medium, the method comprising at least one of:
the first node uses the PLC media to transmit first frequency hopping data, and after the second node receives the first frequency hopping data, the second node uses the first frequency hopping data to transmit or receive a packet in the RF media;
the first node transmits second frequency hopping data by using the PLC media, and the second node transmits the second frequency hopping data through the PLC media after receiving the second frequency hopping data; and
the first node transmits third frequency hopping data by using the RF media, and the second node transmits the third frequency hopping data through the PLC media after receiving the third frequency hopping data;
wherein the first node and the second node have a common MAC layer and a frequency hopping data updating unit.
2. The method of wireless channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network according to claim 1, wherein when the first node transmits the first hopping data using the PLC medium, the first hopping data is a unicast hopping data, and the second node transmits the packet to the first node by the RF medium after updating the hopping timing of the first node recognized by the second node using the unicast hopping data.
3. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network according to claim 1, wherein when the first node transmits the first hopping data using the PLC medium, the first hopping data is a broadcast hopping data, and the second node transmits or receives a broadcast packet from the RF medium after updating a broadcast hopping timing using the broadcast hopping data.
4. The method of wireless channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second node transmits a broadcast packet from the RF medium comprising: the broadcast packet transmitted by the second node through the RF medium includes the updated broadcast frequency hopping data.
5. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network according to claim 1, wherein when the first node transmits the second hopping data using the PLC medium, the second hopping data is a broadcast hopping data, and the second node transmits the updated broadcast hopping data from the PLC medium.
6. The method of wireless channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network as claimed in claim 5, wherein the updated broadcast hopping data transmitted by the second node is derived from the received second hopping data and a processing delay associated with the PLC medium.
7. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first node transmits the third hopping data as a broadcast hopping data using the RF medium, and the second node transmits the updated broadcast hopping data from the PLC medium.
8. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network as set forth in claim 7, wherein the broadcast hopping data transmitted by the second node is derived from the received third hopping data and a processing delay associated with the PLC medium.
9. The method of wireless channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein if the first node and the second node are a node having at least one PLC transceiver, the node having at least one PLC transceiver comprises:
the common MAC layer includes the first frequency hopping data, the second frequency hopping data, or the third frequency hopping data in the packet to be transmitted and analyzes the first frequency hopping data, the second frequency hopping data, or the third frequency hopping data transmitted by other nodes; and
the frequency hopping data updating unit is used for updating the first frequency hopping data, the second frequency hopping data or the third frequency hopping data to be transmitted by the node provided with at least one PLC transceiver;
if the node with at least one PLC transceiver includes both the PLC transceiver and an RF transceiver, the node with at least one PLC transceiver further includes a media selector configured to select to transmit the first frequency hopping data, the second frequency hopping data, the third frequency hopping data, the RF medium, or both the PLC medium and the RF medium and to transmit the first frequency hopping data, the second frequency hopping data, the third frequency hopping data, or both the first frequency hopping data and the third frequency hopping data, respectively.
10. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first hopping data, or the second hopping data, or the third hopping data, can be appended by the common MAC layer to the header information element field and the payload information element field of the packet.
11. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network according to claim 10, wherein the hopping data updating unit estimates a processing time delay that the packet needs to pass after updating the first hopping data, the second hopping data, or the third hopping data, and before the packet is actually transmitted, in order to correctly update the first hopping data, the second hopping data, or the third hopping data in the packet.
12. The method of radio channel hopping synchronization in a combined PLC and RF network according to claim 9, wherein the common MAC layer has a data-on-date judging logic for checking whether the first, second, or third frequency hopping data has been or will be out of date during a process before the node having at least one PLC transceiver transmits the first, second, or third frequency hopping data, and if so, the node having at least one PLC transceiver will update the first, second, or third frequency hopping data.
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| US10772095B1 (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-08 | Landis+Gyr Innovations, Inc. | Optimized unicast and broadcast communication in TSCH primary and secondary networks |
| CN110839269A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Broadband frequency hopping clustering multilevel self-organizing network waveform design method |
| CN111541528A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市科思科技股份有限公司 | Carrier sense access network frequency hopping method, device and readable storage medium |
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