CN116205085B - Research and development type building multi-combustible fire coupling result evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a research and development type building multi-combustible fire coupling result evaluation method, which belongs to the technical field of building risk evaluation and specifically comprises the following steps of: summarizing synergistic effect events of the research and development type building, wherein the synergistic effect events comprise two synergistic effect events of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire; qualitative description of synergistic effect events, namely two synergistic effects of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire disaster; quantitatively analyzing the synergistic effect of the multiple combustible fire accidents of the developed building; and constructing a Monte Carlo simulation model, and analyzing the fire coupling accident results of the multiple combustibles of the developed building. The invention constructs the coupling result evaluation model capable of realizing the coupling result evaluation of different combustible fire and toxic substance leakage accidents of the research-type building, realizes the accurate evaluation of the research-type building fire result, and has very important practical significance for planning the research-type building intrinsically safe layout and guiding the research-type building emergency evacuation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building risk assessment, and particularly relates to a research and development type building multi-combustible fire coupling result assessment method.
Background
With the vigorous development of the chemical industry in China, the aggregated development characteristics of a chemical industry park or a material science and technology park and the like are remarkable, and the chemical innovation research and development activities of a plurality of enterprises facing new materials and new processes become important technical engines for the growth of the enterprises. The research and development building has the characteristics of multifunction, flexibility, expansibility, high land utilization rate and the like. Due to the limitation of land scale, high-rise research and development type buildings are newly built, and the formation of research and development concentrated areas is a current mainstream measure.
In recent years, with the continuous popularization of various research and development carriers, laboratory fire accidents in the carriers frequently occur. In the field of safety production, china has achieved a certain result in the aspect of risk evaluation of common high-rise residential buildings or office buildings, but the risk criterion of research and development type buildings is not proposed yet. The traditional risk evaluation divides the relative qualitative of the severity of the consequences of the risk event into a plurality of stages, divides the relative qualitative of the probability of occurrence of the risk event into a plurality of stages, and then takes the severity as a table list and takes the probability as a table row to prepare a risk matrix table, but the determination of the risk probability and the severity of the consequences is too dependent on experience and has larger subjectivity. Therefore, the result of the research and development type building fire needs to be accurately evaluated, the severity of the result of the research and development type high-rise building fire accident is far greater than that of a common high-rise residential building or an office building, and the research and development type high-rise building fire result evaluation has important theoretical significance and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem in the field of evaluation of the possibility of occurrence of the current accident, the invention comprehensively utilizes the result index model and the disaster type trigger model of various fires and toxic substances leakage accidents to evaluate and predict the coupling accident result of the research-type building through the synergistic effect theory and the Monte Carlo simulation method, realizes the accurate evaluation of the fire result of the research-type building, and has very important practical significance for planning the intrinsic safety layout of the research-type building and guiding the emergency evacuation of the research-type building.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a research and development type building multi-combustible fire coupling result evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step S1: summarizing synergistic effect events of the research and development type building, wherein the synergistic effect events comprise two synergistic effect events of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire;
step S2: qualitative description of synergistic events two synergistic effects of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire: triggering and severity amplification;
step S3: quantitatively analyzing the synergistic effect of the multiple combustible fire accidents of the developed building;
step S4: and constructing a Monte Carlo simulation model, and analyzing the fire coupling accident results of the multiple combustibles of the developed building.
Specifically, the specific method in step S2 is as follows:
step S201: the specific description of triggering, during the triggering process, whether the element released by the initial event can trigger a secondary event;
step S202: detailed description of severity amplification the concept of severity is used to scale events to facilitate discussion of synergistic effects, the severity of which can be limited, the presence of which can alleviate these limitations and amplify the severity.
Specifically, the specific method in step S3 is as follows:
step S301: when a fire disaster occurs in a high-rise research and development building, dangerous chemical inflammable substances are firstly ignited after leaking, and the dangerous chemical fire disaster occurs in a pool fire mode, wherein flame temperatures at different positions in the building are characterized by a temperature rise curve model of any inflammable substances at any time in the building at any position in a fire scene. The expression is as follows:
wherein,,
time of presentation->
In the time space->
The temperature of the location in degrees Celsius (C)>
Indicating the current ambient temperature in degrees Celsius (C)>
Indicates the right above the fire source->
The highest temperature of the location in degrees Celsius (C)>
Function of the fire growth coefficient representing the temperature history, +.>
A regression function representing the distance is provided,
wherein,,
wherein->
The power of the fire source is MW +.>
Representing the height of a large-space building in m #>
Representing the area of a building in m 2 ，
，/>
Indicating the fire pattern of increase->
In which, in the process,
，/>
represents the effective radius of the fire source, the unit is m, & lt & gt>
Form factor indicating floor area and ceiling height determination +.>
Represents the area of the fire source, and the unit is m 2 ；
Step S302: determining whether or not a general building combustible is ignited during flame propagation depends on the ignition point of the general building combustible
Temperature of radiation from dangerous chemicals it receives at this location +.>
In contrast, when the dangerous chemical received at the place where the combustible material is located radiates out above the ignition point of the combustible material of a general building, i.e.)>
Time of day，The combustible is ignited, < >>
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,,
representing the temperature received by the target, and calculating the temperature according to the space coordinates of the heated object; />
Is the atmospheric transmittance, determined by the relative humidity of the air; />
Is a visual field factor, and is determined by the geometric relationship between the flame and the target;
step S303: the toxic material leakage depends on the temperature of the yield limit of the storage tank
And the received temperature->
Ratio of->
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: />
，/>
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Specifically, the specific method in step S4 is as follows:
step S401: when combustible materials of a general building are ignited and toxic materials leak, relevant influencing factors of the smoke concentration and the toxic gas concentration appear at key points of evacuation;
step S402: the reduction of the visibility of the fire scene caused by the smoke mass concentration influences the escape speed of people in a building, and simultaneously the absorption and scattering effects of fire smoke on light reduce the visibility of the fire scene, influence the visible range of people, influence the selection of the exit of people, and the relationship between the visibility of a luminous object in the fire scene and the dimming coefficient is as follows:
wherein,,
indicating the visibility of the fire field,/->
Representing the dimming coefficient;
step S403: toxic gas leaks and spreads to the surrounding space, and the concentration of the toxic gas
Over time->
Is changed and three directions->
The relationship expression between the diffusivity values above is:
under the static wind environment, calculating the concentration of poison in poison leakage
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,,
indicating the quality of the reading->
Represents the diffusion coefficient, is determined by the stability of the atmosphere,
when poison leaks, delay influence is caused on the intervention time of the fire department, a Monte Carlo simulation model is built, and the delay proportion is calculated;
step S404: when the fire disaster of multiple combustible substances and the leakage of toxic substances occur, the risk factor index value of the key evacuation point is calculated by the following formula:
step S405: according to the coupling result evaluation model of different combustible fire and toxic substance leakage accidents of the research and development type building, accurate evaluation of the research and development type building fire results is achieved, when the concentration of toxic gas after the fire reaches 800ppm, people can be dizzy, when the temperature of an area where the people are located reaches more than 120 ℃, the people can suffer irreversible injury after 1 minute, the visibility safety value of the space in the building is 5m, and when the visibility is lower than the safety value, the path can not be recognized when the people evacuate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a Monte Carlo simulation method, which is based on an empirical formula model of fire hazard parameters, and a coupling result evaluation model for different combustible fire hazards and toxic substance leakage accidents of a research-type building is constructed, so that the accurate evaluation of the fire results of the research-type building can be realized.
2. According to the invention, through simulation experiment data, the risk factor index value of the key evacuation point is obtained when the multi-combustible fire and toxic substances leak, the risk factor index value can provide theoretical basis for personnel escape and firefighter rescue, and the rescue efficiency and the probability of rescuing trapped personnel can be effectively improved.
3. The invention has very important practical significance for planning the safety layout of the research-type building and guiding the emergency evacuation of the research-type building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating fire coupling results of multiple combustibles in a building according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-combustible fire coupling process for a building according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention is provided: a research and development type building multi-combustible fire coupling result evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step S1: summarizing synergistic effect events of the research and development type building, wherein the synergistic effect events comprise two synergistic effect events of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire;
step S2: qualitative description of synergistic events two synergistic effects of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire: triggering and severity amplification;
step S3: quantitatively analyzing the synergistic effect of the multiple combustible fire accidents of the developed building;
step S4: and constructing a Monte Carlo simulation model, and analyzing the fire coupling accident results of the multiple combustibles of the developed building.
The specific method of the step S2 is as follows:
step S201: the specific description of triggering, during the triggering process, whether the element released by the initial event can trigger a secondary event;
detailed description of the steps: for example, if the initial event is a hazardous chemical leak fire, the ambient temperature will rise rapidly as the combustion propagates. This heat may cause surrounding furniture or office supplies to ignite, resulting in a potentially toxic and complex environment. The high temperatures can damage nearby tanks and containers, resulting in leakage of toxic substances.
Step S202: detailed description of severity amplification the concept of severity is used to scale events to facilitate discussion of synergistic effects, the severity of which can be limited, the presence of which can alleviate these limitations and amplify the severity.
Detailed description of the steps: such as the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the event of a fire. However, the presence of synergistic effects may alleviate these limitations and amplify the severity. For example, the spread of fire may result in a fire in a normal building that has not burned in the initial event. Also, the high temperature environment from the spread of fire can rupture a tank that survives the initial accident. The resulting high temperatures and heat radiation may cause nearby combustibles to ignite and other tanks to rupture, thereby accelerating fire spread and poison leakage. Thus, the synergistic effect may also accelerate the triggering process, resulting in an amplification of the severity.
The qualitative matrix of the synergy is shown in table 1:
table 1 qualitative matrix of synergistic effects
The specific method of the step S3 is as follows:
step S301: when a fire disaster occurs in a high-rise research and development building, dangerous chemical inflammable substances are firstly ignited after leaking, and the dangerous chemical fire disaster occurs in a pool fire mode, wherein flame temperatures at different positions in the building are characterized by a temperature rise curve model of any inflammable substances at any time in the building at any position in a fire scene. The expression is as follows:
wherein,,
time of presentation->
In the time space->
The temperature of the location in degrees Celsius (C)>
Indicating the current ambient temperature in degrees Celsius (C)>
Indicates the right above the fire source->
The highest temperature of the location in degrees Celsius (C)>
Function of the fire growth coefficient representing the temperature history, +.>
A regression function representing the distance is provided,
wherein,,
wherein->
The power of the fire source is MW +.>
Representing the height of a large-space building in m #>
Representing the area of a building in m 2 ，
，/>
Indicating the fire pattern of increase->
In which, in the process,
，/>
represents the effective radius of the fire source, the unit is m, & lt & gt>
Form factor indicating floor area and ceiling height determination +.>
Represents the area of the fire source, and the unit is m 2 ；
Detailed description of the steps: beta=0.004, 0.003, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively ultrafast fire, fast fire, medium fire, slow fire.
Step S302: determining whether or not a general building combustible is ignited during flame propagation depends on the ignition point of the general building combustible
Temperature of radiation from dangerous chemicals it receives at this location +.>
In contrast, when the temperature of the dangerous chemical radiation received by the place where the combustible is located is higher than the ignition point of the combustible in a general building, namely +.>
Time of day，The combustible is ignited, < >>
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,,
representing the temperature received by the target, and calculating the temperature according to the space coordinates of the heated object; />
Is the atmospheric transmittance, determined by the relative humidity of the air; />
Is a visual field factor, and is determined by the geometric relationship between the flame and the target;
step S303: the toxic material leakage depends on the temperature of the yield limit of the storage tank
And the received temperature->
Ratio of->
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: />
，/>
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
The specific method of the step S4 is as follows:
step S401: when combustible materials of a general building are ignited and toxic materials leak, relevant influencing factors of the smoke concentration and the toxic gas concentration appear at key points of evacuation;
step S402: the reduction of the visibility of the fire scene caused by the smoke mass concentration influences the escape speed of people in a building, and simultaneously the absorption and scattering effects of fire smoke on light reduce the visibility of the fire scene, influence the visible range of people, influence the selection of the exit of people, and the relationship between the visibility of a luminous object in the fire scene and the dimming coefficient is as follows:
wherein,,
indicating the visibility of the fire field,/->
Representing the dimming coefficient;
detailed description of the steps: visibility refers to the unit of furthest distance the human eye can observe in the atmosphere is meters. The visibility of the fire scene is of course influenced by factors such as absorption and scattering coefficients of the smoke, lighting conditions in the building, the lighting conditions of the identified objects, and the wavelength of the light, as well as by the vision of the evacuated person and its adaptation of his eyes to the light intensity. In fire research, the influence of smoke concentration on visibility is expressed by a dimming coefficient in m -1 。
Step S403: toxic gas leaks and spreads to the surrounding space, and the concentration of the toxic gas
Over time->
Is changed and three directions->
The relationship expression between the diffusivity values above is:
under the static wind environment, calculating the concentration of poison in poison leakage
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,,
indicating the quality of the reading->
Represents the diffusion coefficient, is determined by the stability of the atmosphere,
when poison leaks, delay influence is caused on the intervention time of the fire department, a Monte Carlo simulation model is built, and the delay proportion is calculated;
detailed description of the steps: and (3) constructing a Monte Carlo simulation model, wherein the intervention time of the fire department accords with a lognormal distribution rule with the maximum value of 5min, and determining the initial intervention time of the fire department in the simulation process by inserting a pseudo-random number. And establishing a single disaster seed consequence model without a synergistic effect by importing an empirical formula. The numerical value generated by the random number method is compared with the synergistic effect triggering probability, and whether the dangerous chemical fire disaster in the high-rise research and development building triggers other disaster species such as general building fire disaster and toxic material leakage is judged. Under the condition of triggering other disaster species, the single disaster species output is adjusted according to the triggering time through a synergistic effect interaction model, if toxic substances are triggered to leak, the intervention time of a fire department is correspondingly delayed to process and store data, and the severity of the single disaster species is converted into a percentage value through comparison with the death critical value of each dangerous factor. And (3) carrying out numerical treatment on the severity of the output risk factor result, outputting the obtained result when the preset fire department intervention time or the severity of any risk factor reaches 1, and calculating the random value of the delay proportion between 10% and 50%.
Step S404: when the fire disaster of multiple combustible substances and the leakage of toxic substances occur, the risk factor index value of the key evacuation point is calculated by the following formula:
step S405: according to the coupling result evaluation model of different combustible fire and toxic substance leakage accidents of the research and development type building, accurate evaluation of the research and development type building fire results is achieved, when the concentration of toxic gas after the fire reaches 800ppm, people can be dizzy, when the temperature of an area where the people are located reaches more than 120 ℃, the people can suffer irreversible injury after 1 minute, the visibility safety value of the space in the building is 5m, and when the visibility is lower than the safety value, the path can not be recognized when the people evacuate.
Detailed description of the steps: the risk indices and the mortality threshold matrix for each risk index are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Risk indices and a critical value matrix for mortality for Risk indices
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing description is a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described, and that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, for the purposes of those skilled in the art. Modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The research and development type building multi-combustible fire coupling result evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: summarizing synergistic effect events of the research and development type building, wherein the synergistic effect events comprise two synergistic effect events of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire;
step S2: qualitative description of synergistic effect events, namely two synergistic effects of visibility reduction and poison leakage caused by fire disaster;
step S3: quantitatively analyzing the synergistic effect of the multiple combustible fire accidents of the developed building;
step S4: constructing a Monte Carlo simulation model, and analyzing the fire coupling accident results of the multiple combustibles of the developed building;
the specific method of the step S3 is as follows:
step S301: according to flame temperature characterization fire scene of different positions in the building, the temperature rise curve model of any combustible material at any time in any position in the building has the following expression:
wherein T (x, z, T) represents the temperature of the (x, z) position in space at time T in degrees Celsius, T 0 The current ambient temperature is indicated in units of,
the highest temperature in z position directly above the fire source in degrees celsius, f (beta) a function of the fire growth coefficient of the temperature history, k a regression function of the distance,
wherein,,
wherein Q represents the power of a fire source, the unit is MW, H represents the height of a large-space building, the unit is m, A represents the area of the building, and the unit is m 2 ，f(β)＝1-0.8e (-βt) -0.2e (-0.1βt) Beta represents the fire behavior growth mode, k=η+ (1- η) e (r-x)/7 In which, in the process,
r represents the effective radius of the fire source, the unit is m, eta represents the shape factor determined by the floor area and the ceiling height, A f Represents the area of the fire source, and the unit is m 2 ；
Step S302: determining whether or not a general building combustible is ignited during flame propagation depends on the ignition point T of the general building combustible Ip With the temperature T of the radiation of the hazardous chemical it receives at this location Bm In contrast, when the dangerous chemical received by the position of the combustible material radiates out to be higher than the ignition point of the combustible material of the general building, namely T Bm ≥T IP When the combustible is ignited, T Bm The calculation formula is as follows:
T Bm ＝τFT Lsr ，
wherein T is Lsr Representing the temperature received by the target, and calculating the temperature according to the space coordinates of the heated object; τ is the atmospheric transmittance, determined by the relative humidity of the air; f is a visual field factor, which is determined by the geometrical relationship between the flame and the target;
step S303: the toxic material leakage is dependent on the temperature Y of the yield limit of the storage tank and the received temperature T St Ratio of T St The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: t (T) St ＝τFT Lsr The calculation formula of Y is:
Y＝12.54-1847((-1.128)lnQ-2.667×10 -5 v+ 9.877), wherein Q represents the thermal radiation received by the toxic material reservoir, V represents the volume of the toxic material reservoir, when the received temperature is greater than the damage limit of the toxic material reservoir, i.e. T St And when the temperature is not less than Y, toxic substances leak.
2. The method for evaluating the fire coupling consequences of a plurality of combustible buildings according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step S4 is as follows:
step S401: when combustible materials of a general building are ignited and toxic materials leak, relevant influencing factors of the smoke concentration and the toxic gas concentration appear at key points of evacuation;
step S402: the relationship between the visibility of the luminescent object in the fire and the extinction coefficient is as follows:
S＝8/λ，
wherein S represents the visibility of a fire field, and lambda represents the dimming coefficient;
step S403: the toxic gas leaks and spreads to the surrounding space, and the concentration C of the toxic gas changes along with the time t and changes along with three directions (O x ,O y ,O z ) The relationship expression between the diffusivity values above is:
in a static wind environment, calculating the concentration C (r) of poison in poison leakage, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein m represents the mass of the read, sigma z Represents the diffusion coefficient, is determined by the stability of the atmosphere,
when poison leaks, delay influence is caused on the intervention time of the fire department, a Monte Carlo simulation model is built, and the delay proportion is calculated;
step S404: when the fire disaster of multiple combustible substances and the leakage of toxic substances occur, the risk factor index value of the key evacuation point is calculated by the following formula:
wherein T is s Maximum temperature value T representing key evacuation point position G The temperature value T of key evacuation points when combustible materials of a general building are combusted C When the dangerous chemical is combusted, the temperature value of the key evacuation point is represented, S s Represents the maximum visibility of the key evacuation point location, S G The visibility of key evacuation points when combustible matters of a general building are combusted is shown, S C The visibility of key evacuation points when dangerous chemicals are combusted is shown, C s Representing the concentration of toxic substances at key evacuation points;
step S405: according to the coupling result evaluation model of different combustible fire and toxic substance leakage accidents of the research and development type building, the accurate evaluation of the research and development type building fire results is realized.
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| KR20110133254A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-12 | 지에스건설 주식회사 | Fire damage evaluating system and method for simulating individual evacuation behavior and casualty and recording medium thereof |
| CN106096829A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江大学 | A kind of petroleum chemical enterprise accident risk loss appraisal method |
| CN113821991A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Tank area emergency disposal full-factor simulation system and modeling method thereof |
| CN115081359A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-09-20 | 南京南工应急科技有限公司 | Dangerous chemical fire thermal radiation damage analysis system |
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| KR20110133254A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-12 | 지에스건설 주식회사 | Fire damage evaluating system and method for simulating individual evacuation behavior and casualty and recording medium thereof |
| CN106096829A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江大学 | A kind of petroleum chemical enterprise accident risk loss appraisal method |
| CN113821991A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Tank area emergency disposal full-factor simulation system and modeling method thereof |
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