CN116204003A - Multi-spectral vibration control method for rotary machine - Google Patents
Multi-spectral vibration control method for rotary machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multi-spectrum vibration control method for rotary machinery belongs to the technical field of rotary machinery control. The invention aims at solving the problems that the existing rotary machine vibration is absorbed by a damping shock absorber, the reduction amplitude of each frequency spectrum vibration is different, and the absorption effect on low-frequency vibration is poor. The method comprises the steps of arranging rotor magnetic steel and a stator exciting coil unit on a rotary machine; a rotating speed sensor is adopted to collect a rotating speed signal of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, and a corresponding reference frequency is obtained by the rotating speed signal; setting a multi-line spectrum excitation signal according to the reference frequency, wherein the parameters of each excitation signal comprise a set frequency, a set amplitude and a set phase; modulating the multi-spectrum excitation signals into corresponding driving currents through multiple channels to jointly drive the stator excitation coil units, so as to generate multi-spectrum electromagnetic force acting on the rotor magnetic steel; the multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force is synchronous with the vibration signal frequency of the rotary machine, opposite in phase and matched in amplitude; the invention is used for reducing the multi-line spectrum vibration of the rotary machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-spectrum vibration control method of rotary machinery, and belongs to the technical field of rotary machinery control.
Background
The working condition of the rotary machine is complex and changeable, the rotor system is not only subjected to exciting force with a single frequency, but also possibly subjected to excitation of a plurality of frequency components, and therefore, the vibration of the rotary machine is formed by compositely superposing the vibration with a plurality of frequencies. For example, the rotor generates unbalanced force of the same-frequency vibration due to mass eccentricity; the rotor misalignment fault may generate vibration of multiple frequency components such as doubling frequency; self-excited vibration such as oil film whirl and airflow excitation can cause the rotor to generate sub-frequency multiplication vibration; the rotor and the stator rub against each other, the base loosens, vibration of various frequency multiplication components can be generated, and the like. Vibration of the rotating machinery not only affects safe and stable operation of the power equipment, but also generates noise which pollutes the environment.
The traditional vibration control technology mainly adds a damping vibration absorber on a bearing seat to absorb vibration, which can effectively reduce the amplitude of the pass frequency of vibration, but the amplitude of the reduction of each frequency spectrum vibration is uneven, and particularly the low-frequency vibration cannot be effectively reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-spectrum vibration control method of a rotary machine, which aims at solving the problems that the existing rotary machine vibration is absorbed by a damping shock absorber, the reduction amplitude of each frequency spectrum vibration is different, and the absorption effect of low-frequency vibration is poor.
The invention relates to a multi-spectral vibration control method of rotary machinery, which comprises the following steps,
a pair of rotor magnetic steels are symmetrically arranged at two ends of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, each rotor magnetic steel is correspondingly provided with a stator exciting coil unit, and an air gap is arranged between each rotor magnetic steel and each stator exciting coil unit;
the control method comprises the following steps:
a rotating speed sensor is adopted to collect a rotating speed signal of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, and a corresponding reference frequency is obtained by the rotating speed signal; setting a multi-line spectrum excitation signal according to the reference frequency, wherein the parameters of each excitation signal comprise a set frequency, a set amplitude and a set phase; the set frequency is a multiple of the reference frequency;
the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is modulated into corresponding driving current through multiple channels to jointly drive the stator excitation coil unit, multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force acting on the rotor magnetic steel is generated, and the multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force is synchronous in frequency, opposite in phase and matched in amplitude with the vibration signal of the rotary machine, so that multi-line spectrum vibration of the rotary machine is reduced.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the signal conditioning module is used for conditioning the rotating speed signal of the rotary shaft of the rotary machine into the pulse signal or the square wave signal, and the vibration signal acquisition module is used for extracting the reference frequency of the rotating speed signal from the pulse signal or the square wave signal.
According to the multi-line spectrum vibration control method of the rotary machine, a processor is used for receiving a reference frequency signal and then transmitting the reference frequency signal to an upper computer through a network communication module, and the upper computer sets the set frequency, the set amplitude and the set phase of the multi-line spectrum vibration excitation signal according to the reference frequency and then transmits the multi-line spectrum vibration excitation signal to the processor through the network communication module for output.
According to the multi-spectrum vibration control method of the rotary machine, multi-spectrum vibration excitation signals are output through the high-speed DAC modules arranged in the corresponding channels, and the vibration excitation signals are smoothly output through the low-pass filters included in the high-speed DAC modules; the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is modulated into driving current through a power amplification module to drive a stator excitation coil unit.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the processor is realized by adopting a singlechip, a DSP or an FPGA.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the processor is realized by adopting a dual-core microcontroller STM32H 745.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the stator exciting coil unit comprises stator magnetic steel, a stator magnetic steel support and a stator magnetic steel limiting ring, wherein an exciting winding is arranged on the stator magnetic steel, the stator magnetic steel is fixed on the inner ring surface of the stator magnetic steel support, and the stator magnetic steel support is fixed on the inner wall of a shell of the rotary machine; a stator magnetic steel limiting ring is arranged on the inner ring surface of the stator magnetic steel support and used for axially limiting the stator magnetic steel; the exciting winding is made of H-level self-adhesive enameled wires.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the stator magnetic steel comprises 12 teeth, wherein 4 big teeth are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and 2 small teeth are uniformly arranged between every two adjacent big teeth.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the rotor magnetic steel is arranged on the shaft neck of the rotary machine through the rotor magnetic steel support, the rotor magnetic steel is arranged on the outer ring surface of the rotor magnetic steel support, and the rotor magnetic steel limiting ring is arranged on the rotor magnetic steel support to axially limit the rotor magnetic steel.
According to the multi-spectral vibration control method of the rotary machine, the rotor magnetic steel is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, and the lamination coefficient is 0.98.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is suitable for online real-time control of vibration of the rotary mechanical system, can simultaneously reduce periodic multi-line spectrum vibration and noise of the rotary mechanical system, particularly can effectively reduce low-frequency line spectrum, and can solve the problem of prominent low-frequency line spectrum.
The method is different from the mode of passively absorbing vibration of the existing damping vibration absorber, actively controls the multi-frequency vibration of the rotor-bearing system, adopts the actuating mechanism to inhibit the rotor vibration on line in real time, can greatly reduce the vibration amplitude of each order of line spectrum from the source, does not need a complex feedback control system, has simple structure, small occupied space and high reliability, is suitable for the multi-frequency line spectrum vibration control of the rotary machinery, and has important significance for the long-period reliable operation of the large rotary machinery.
The multi-line spectrum excitation signal of the method is accurate in phase and amplitude, and has no overshoot risk; the method of the invention is implemented without a complex control loop, and is convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-spectral vibration control method for a rotary machine according to the present invention based on a rotary machine system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for generating a multi-line spectral excitation signal;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a program module preset by an upper computer to set excitation signals;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the rotational speed signal of the rotating machine shaft versus the conditioned square wave signal;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of four excitation signals output by the high-speed DAC module;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rotary machine having rotor and stator magnets disposed thereon;
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
In a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a multi-spectral vibration control method of a rotary machine, comprising,
a pair of rotor magnetic steels are symmetrically arranged at two ends of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, each rotor magnetic steel is correspondingly provided with a stator exciting coil unit, and an air gap is arranged between each rotor magnetic steel and each stator exciting coil unit;
the control method comprises the following steps:
a rotating speed sensor is adopted to collect a rotating speed signal of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, and a corresponding reference frequency is obtained by the rotating speed signal; setting a multi-line spectrum excitation signal according to the reference frequency, wherein the parameters of each excitation signal comprise a set frequency, a set amplitude and a set phase; the set frequency is a multiple of the reference frequency;
the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is modulated into corresponding driving current through multiple channels to jointly drive the stator excitation coil unit, multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force acting on the rotor magnetic steel is generated, and the multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force is synchronous in frequency, opposite in phase and matched in amplitude with the vibration signal of the rotary machine, so that multi-line spectrum vibration of the rotary machine is reduced.
In the embodiment, the amplitude and the phase of each line spectrum vibration of the rotating mechanical rotating shaft can be obtained by measurement; the stator exciting coil unit is driven by a high-frequency current signal.
The method can apply control signals with different frequencies and different phases to the stator exciting coil unit, thereby generating exciting force to balance the vibration of the unit.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a signal conditioning module is adopted to condition the rotating speed signal of the rotating shaft of the rotating machine into a pulse signal or a square wave signal, so that the frequency of the input signal can be conveniently collected by a subsequent module; the vibration signal acquisition module extracts the reference frequency of the rotating speed signal from the pulse signal or the square wave signal.
The processor is used for receiving the reference frequency signal and then transmitting the reference frequency signal to the upper computer through the network communication module, and the upper computer sets the set frequency, the set amplitude and the set phase of the multi-line spectrum excitation signal according to the reference frequency and then transmits the multi-line spectrum excitation signal to the processor through the network communication module for output. The processor is a core operation module of the multi-channel excitation signal generating device and is used for outputting the multi-channel excitation signal at a high sampling rate;
the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is output through a high-speed DAC module arranged corresponding to the channel, and the excitation signal is smoothly output through a low-pass filter included in the high-speed DAC module; the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is modulated into driving current through a power amplification module to drive a stator excitation coil unit.
In fig. 1, the multi-channel excitation signal generation apparatus may include a signal conditioning module, a vibration signal acquisition module, a processor, and a plurality of high-speed DAC modules. The multichannel excitation signal generating device generates a multi-line spectrum signal with corresponding amplitude and phase, and the multi-line spectrum signal is modulated and converted into driving current through the power amplification module; the current signal drives the stator exciting coil unit to generate multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force acting on the rotor magnetic steel, and multi-line spectrum vibration of the rotary machine is reduced.
As an example, the processor is a core operation module, and may be implemented by a single chip microcomputer, a DSP, or an FPGA.
As an example, the processor is implemented by adopting a dual-core microcontroller STM32H745, and high sampling rate output of the excitation signal is implemented by reasonably dividing work of dual cores.
In the embodiment, the multi-channel excitation signal generating device can send out multi-spectrum control signals which are synchronous with the frequency of the vibration signal of the mechanical system, opposite in phase and matched in amplitude on line in real time. Extracting real-time frequency conversion signals of the unit, generating multi-frequency excitation signals based on the acquired signals, modulating and converting the multi-frequency excitation signals into high-frequency current driving signals on line, and driving an actuator by differential signals to generate excitation force. The vibration signal acquisition module is used for acquiring frequency components of the output signal of the rotation speed sensor, such as an input capturing function of a singlechip; the multichannel excitation signal generating device can realize the function of outputting multiple channels of excitation signals based on the collected and input vibration signals.
The multi-channel excitation signal generating device can further comprise a power supply processing module, a network communication module and a state indication and input module, wherein the power supply processing module is used for processing a power supply. The processor is communicated with the upper computer through a network communication function, so that the frequency, amplitude, bias and phase setting of the multi-channel excitation signal can be realized; the network communication module receives the set values of the frequency, amplitude, bias and phase of the excitation signal of the upper computer and transmits the set values to the processor; the processor can realize real-time display of the frequency of the acquisition signal and control signal acquisition by interacting with the state indication and input module; the state indication and input module can be composed of an LCD display screen and keys and can be used for displaying all state information, including the frequency of the acquired input signals, the output state of excitation signals and the like; an operator controls the output of the excitation signal through a key;
in the present embodiment, the excitation signal phase is defined as a phase difference between the excitation signal and the input signal.
The power supply processing module is used for processing the input voltage signal into a digital signal used by the digital circuit and a reference voltage used by the high-speed DAC module. In the embodiment, the rated voltage of the power supply input is +/-24V, and the voltage range of normal operation is +/-18V to +/-36V; in this embodiment, the power input has a reverse connection protection function.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, this embodiment provides a four-channel excitation signal generation method, where the generated multiple channels of excitation signals are sine (cosine) signals.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an operation interface of the upper computer software, which has a parameter setting function of each excitation signal; for each channel, signal output enabling, amplitude setting, bias setting and phase setting can be realized, and the excitation signal output enabling function and the input signal frequency display function are realized; the frequency of the excitation signal and the frequency of the input signal are in a multiple relation, the frequency of the excitation signal can be set to be 1 time and 2 times of the frequency of the input signal to be 10 times, and each frequency multiplication can be independently enabled; the amplitude, bias and phase of each frequency component of each excitation signal can be independently set; the four-channel excitation signals are uniformly output enable/disable by the signal output enable keys of the upper computer software.
As shown in fig. 4, the signal conditioning module conditions the input tacho signal 18 into a co-frequency pulse (square wave) signal 19; fig. 5 includes a first excitation signal 20, a second excitation signal 21, a third excitation signal 22, and a fourth excitation signal 23, where the amplitudes and phases of the four excitation signals are independent of each other, and the frequency is a multiple of the frequency of the input signal 18.
Still further, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the stator exciting coil unit includes a stator magnetic steel 25, a stator magnetic steel bracket 28 and a stator magnetic steel limiting ring 29, the stator magnetic steel 25 is provided with an exciting winding 40, the stator magnetic steel 25 is fixed on the inner ring surface of the stator magnetic steel bracket 28, and the stator magnetic steel bracket 28 is fixed on the inner wall of the rotary machine casing; a stator magnetic steel limiting ring 29 is arranged on the inner ring surface of the stator magnetic steel bracket and is used for axially limiting the stator magnetic steel 25; the field winding 40 is made of H-stage self-adhesive enameled wire. Coil specification: the number of turns is 58,6 for each layer, 10 turns. The coil designs a winding tool according to the magnetic pole size; during winding, the enameled wires are orderly arranged on the tool through an alcohol medium, and the teflon high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape is wound after the enameled wires are taken out; the coil is separated from the silicon steel sheet by a Teflon high-temperature-resistant adhesive tape (inner ring), a heat-resistant insulating elastic felt (groove bottom) and a groove wedge (groove top); the distance between the coil and the bottom of the tank is 3mm; the outgoing line is an AGR silicon rubber high-temperature line with the length of 4 meters and the bare line cross section of 1.5 square millimeters, silver welding is adopted, a double-layer high Wen Resu sleeve is sleeved at the welding part, and all outgoing lines are directly led out nearby.
The outer ring of the stator magnetic steel bracket 28 is embedded on the inner wall of the shell, meanwhile, the stator magnetic steel is arranged on the inner ring, and a fixed stator magnetic steel limiting ring 29 can be arranged on the left side of the stator as shown in combination with fig. 7, the right side of the stator is matched with the rotor magnetic steel limiting ring 27 by adopting threads, and is provided with a positioning pin, and 4 limiting pins are additionally arranged at the end part of the stator magnetic steel bracket 28 to prevent radial movement of the stator. The stator magnet steel stop collar 29 serves to fix the stator magnet steel 25, is threaded on its outer collar, and is provided with a positioning pin.
The stator magnetic steel is connected with a rotor system cylinder body or a bearing seat through a stator magnetic steel bracket, and the exciting winding is connected with the power amplification module.
The rotor magnetic steel and the stator magnetic steel form a complete magnetic loop to generate differential electromagnetic force.
As an example, the stator magnetic steel comprises 12 teeth, wherein 4 big teeth are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and 2 small teeth are uniformly arranged between every two adjacent big teeth.
The rotor magnet steel 24 is arranged on the shaft neck of the rotating machine through a rotor magnet steel bracket 26, the rotor magnet steel is arranged on the outer ring surface of the rotor magnet steel bracket, and a rotor magnet steel limiting ring 27 is arranged on the rotor magnet steel bracket to axially limit the rotor magnet steel.
In the embodiment, the silicon steel sheet of the rotor magnetic steel 24 is a cold-rolled electrical steel strip, and is cleaned and wiped by kerosene; then adopting a self-made lamination tool, positioning by using an outer circle, pressurizing and shaping, and maintaining the pressure for 2 hours; and then adopting high-temperature-resistant glue and a lamination tool, positioning by using an outer circle, and pressurizing and drying.
The rotor magnetic steel is made by laminating silicon steel sheets, and the lamination coefficient is 0.98.
The rotor magnetic steel bracket 26 is sleeved on the rotor in an inner ring, and the rotor magnetic steel 24 is arranged on the outer ring; as shown in fig. 7, the left end of the rotor is provided with a fixed oil retainer 30, and the right end of the rotor is matched with the rotor magnetic steel limiting ring 27 by adopting threads and is provided with a positioning pin. The rotor magnet steel limiting ring 27 plays a role of fixing the rotor magnet steel, is internally threaded, and is provided with a positioning pin.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-spectral vibration control method of a rotary machine is characterized by comprising the steps of,
a pair of rotor magnetic steels are symmetrically arranged at two ends of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, each rotor magnetic steel is correspondingly provided with a stator exciting coil unit, and an air gap is arranged between each rotor magnetic steel and each stator exciting coil unit;
the control method comprises the following steps:
a rotating speed sensor is adopted to collect a rotating speed signal of a rotating shaft of the rotary machine, and a corresponding reference frequency is obtained by the rotating speed signal; setting a multi-line spectrum excitation signal according to the reference frequency, wherein the parameters of each excitation signal comprise a set frequency, a set amplitude and a set phase; the set frequency is a multiple of the reference frequency;
the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is modulated into corresponding driving current through multiple channels to jointly drive the stator excitation coil unit, multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force acting on the rotor magnetic steel is generated, and the multi-line spectrum electromagnetic force is synchronous in frequency, opposite in phase and matched in amplitude with the vibration signal of the rotary machine, so that multi-line spectrum vibration of the rotary machine is reduced.
2. The method for controlling multi-spectral vibration of a rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein,
the rotating speed signal of the rotating shaft of the rotating machine is conditioned into a pulse signal or a square wave signal by adopting a signal conditioning module, and the reference frequency of the rotating speed signal is extracted from the pulse signal or the square wave signal by a vibration signal acquisition module.
3. The method for controlling multi-spectral vibration of a rotary machine according to claim 2, wherein,
the processor is used for receiving the reference frequency signal and then transmitting the reference frequency signal to the upper computer through the network communication module, and the upper computer sets the set frequency, the set amplitude and the set phase of the multi-line spectrum excitation signal according to the reference frequency and then transmits the multi-line spectrum excitation signal to the processor through the network communication module for output.
4. The multi-spectral vibration control method of a rotary machine according to claim 3, wherein the multi-spectral excitation signal is output through a high-speed DAC module provided in correspondence with the channel, and the high-speed DAC module includes a low-pass filter to smoothly output the excitation signal; the multi-line spectrum excitation signal is modulated into driving current through a power amplification module to drive a stator excitation coil unit.
5. The method for controlling multi-spectral vibration of a rotary machine according to claim 4, wherein,
the processor is realized by a singlechip, a DSP or an FPGA.
6. The method for controlling multi-spectral vibration of a rotary machine according to claim 4, wherein,
the processor is implemented by a dual-core microcontroller STM32H 745.
7. The multi-spectral vibration control method of a rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the stator exciting coil unit comprises stator magnet steel, a stator magnet steel support and a stator magnet steel limiting ring, wherein an exciting winding is arranged on the stator magnet steel, the stator magnet steel is fixed on an inner ring surface of the stator magnet steel support, and the stator magnet steel support is fixed on an inner wall of a shell of the rotary machine; a stator magnetic steel limiting ring is arranged on the inner ring surface of the stator magnetic steel support and used for axially limiting the stator magnetic steel; the exciting winding is made of H-level self-adhesive enameled wires.
8. The multi-spectral vibration control method of a rotary machine according to claim 7, wherein the stator magnetic steel comprises 12 teeth, wherein 4 large teeth are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and 2 small teeth are uniformly arranged between every two adjacent large teeth.
9. The multi-spectral vibration control method of a rotary machine according to claim 8, wherein the rotor magnet steel is arranged on a shaft journal of the rotary machine through a rotor magnet steel support, the rotor magnet steel is arranged on an outer ring surface of the rotor magnet steel support, and a rotor magnet steel limiting ring is arranged on the rotor magnet steel support to axially limit the rotor magnet steel.
10. The method for controlling multi-spectral vibration of a rotary machine according to claim 9, wherein,
the rotor magnetic steel is made by laminating silicon steel sheets, and the lamination coefficient is 0.98.
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