CN116194739A - 用于向用户站、特别是机加工站供应低温流体的方法 - Google Patents
用于向用户站、特别是机加工站供应低温流体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于从低温流体储存罐向用户站供应比如液氮等低温流体的方法,其中,到达该用户站的液/气两相内容物是影响由所述站执行的操作的质量的因素,该罐在高于大气压力的储存压力下在该罐的底部处含有液相的该低温流体并且在该罐的顶部处含有气相的该低温流体,该罐适于向该站供应从该罐的底部抽取的液体、以及适于从外部被提供流体,其特征在于:i)设置了气/液相分离装置(6),例如脱气釜或相分离器,并且该气/液相分离装置从该罐被供应(20)低温流体并且将该低温流体的基本上液相和基本上气相(40)分离,该基本上液相(30)被引导到该用户站;j)例如在该用户站的每个操作阶段的过程中随时间通过以下来测量(8)到达该用户站的该液/气两相内容物的波动:‑提供来自该相分离装置的气体出口的气体流量的测量值并且测量所述气体流量随时间出现的任何偏差;或者‑获取由位于该相分离装置的气体出口处的流量传感器提供的信息、即0/1二进制类型的信息,从而使得能够检测到离开该分离装置的流量并且确定该传感器在给定的时间范围内的打开时间;k)根据j)中做出的这些确定的结果,采取一个或多个措施(2,10,……),以告知该用户站和/或修改所述用户站的操作条件。
Description
本发明总体上涉及使用比如液氮等低温液体的方法,其中,到达用户站的液/气两相内容物是重要因素(即,影响此产品的质量或此站的执行质量的重要因素),特别是在机械零件的低温机加工领域中,情况如此,例如对于配备有用于通过混合器的底部注入的喷嘴的食品级低温混合器而言,情况也如此。
将在下文讨论机加工的情况。
机加工是一种通过去除材料来成形工件的方法。机加工以及因此形成切屑所需的机械能几乎被完全转化为热量。尽管一些被机加工的材料和机加工材料具有良好的导热性质,但是切削流体的使用仍然是强制性的,以便确保:
-切削区的冷却和润滑;
-而且还从工作区域清除切屑。
这些切削流体主要是纯的或可溶性的矿物油或合成基油。切削区的中心处遭遇的温度(目前为+800℃至+1000℃)导致产生对外部环境有害的烟雾或气体,并且还导致切屑和被机加工的表面的化学污染,这样的化学污染甚至可能损害切屑和被机加工的表面的性质。
油由于其购买和回收成本、而且还有其管理成本而是一项主要支出。在这种背景下,被称为“微润滑”或“干润滑”的润滑方法减少或甚至消除切削流体的消耗。因此,机加工性能降低,并且出于此原因,这些方法仅应用于仅需要对切削区进行极少冷却的机加工情形(比如机加工铝基材料、高速机加工等)。
在其他机加工情形(即,那些需要对切削区进行大量冷却的情形)下,通过添加低温流体进行机加工(这在下文中将被称为“低温机加工”)是一种非常有吸引力的用于冷却和润滑切削区的解决方案,其结合了油的优点(切屑清除、传热流体等)和干式机加工的优点(尊重环境、所生成的表面没有污染、切屑回收、延长工具寿命等)。
这种低温流体可以是氮和CO2。
有大量的现有技术涉及借助于冷却流体(用于切削刀具、切削区等)、特别是借助于比如液氮等液体致冷剂来向这样的机床供应。
低温流体通常被理解为在大气压力下在远低于0℃的温度下为液体的流体。
传统上,这种低温液体(例如,液氮)从用于此流体的、连接到消费类设备项的低温流体罐供应给该消费类设备项,而不管该消费类设备项的类型如何,该罐在高于大气压力的储存压力下在该罐的底部处含有液相的低温流体并且在该罐的顶部处含有气相的低温流体,此罐被设计成既向消费类设备项供应从罐的底部抽取的液体、又从外部被供应流体。
在工业中最常用的是所谓的“低储存压力”罐(即,在罐的顶部达到的最大压力通常低于约4巴绝对压力的罐),但是,取决于预期应用,也发现了达到上至15巴的所谓的中压储存罐、或甚至达到上至30巴的高压储存罐。
因为罐的储存压力高于大气压力,所以在没有强制驱动装置的情况下,虽然管线(阀、弯曲部分等)上有压力损失,但打开被置于将罐连接到消费类设备项(例如,机床)的管道上的阀导致液体从其抽取点移动到其使用点。
为了确保不管罐中的液位如何低温液体的驱动都始终有效,罐的顶部处的气体压力通常会被调节成使得此压力保持基本上等于预定的固定值、例如约2巴到4巴(更广泛地,2巴到15巴)。
然而,罐的底部处的液体压力取决于罐内的液体高度而变化,使得随着液位下降,所抽取的液体的压力下降并且倾向于接近顶部处的气体压力。例如,在氮的情况下,约10米的液体高度意味着,罐的顶部处的气体压力与该罐的底部处的、抽取点处的液体压力之间的压力差为约0.7巴。
抽取点处的液体的这种压力变化必然导致所抽取的液体流量的变化,从而对位于下游的消费类设备项的操作造成干扰。在向罐重新供应流体期间会出现对称效应。
由于众所周知的原因、即在可利用的冷能方面较好的“低温质量”,文献和这些利用致冷剂的工业、特别是机加工工业已对用于向这些用户站供应纯的或基本上纯的液体、或过冷液体(即,处于降低的压力下并且温度比其处于较高压力下时的温度低的液体)的装置感兴趣。
具体地说,考虑到机加工的示例,机加工区中的喷射压力越高,热交换系数越好。然而,当喷射致冷剂(例如,液氮)时,由于致冷剂膨胀而在喷射喷嘴处产生气体。所生成的气体的量与液氮的温度以及该液氮在喷嘴的上游的压力成正比。因此,将理解致力于具有过冷液体的优点。
在现有的大量文献中,应注意,某些研究已经建议,在将罐连接至消费类设备项的管线上使用相分离(脱气)装置;例如可以参考文件EP-2 347855。
其他解决方案已经提出,将两个罐联接,并且在填充和减压之后交替地使用这两个罐。这种解决方案的缺点非常明显,即,带来了非常大的操纵量,而且需要动用两个罐。
另一个解决方案是刚好在使用点的上游插入热交换器(例如,板式热交换器):待冷却液氮(典型地,最初为3巴并且温度为约-185℃)在交换器的路径中的一个路径(主回路)中循环,而减压氮(典型地,压力为约1巴并且温度较低、为约-196℃)在交换器的另一个路径中循环。正是这两条路径之间的顺流或逆流交换使得可以使主回路中的氮过冷。然而,在此,对温度进行控制是难以管理和难以稳定的,特别是在下游的消费类设备项不连续地操作而迫使交换器经历加热和再冷却等阶段时。
也可以参考本申请人所拥有的文献WO 2004/005791,该文献建议,取决于此罐的操作状态(下游用户设施的消耗阶段、待机阶段、或向罐供应低温液体的阶段)而改变罐的顶部处的气体压力,并且该文献根据其实施例之一理由充分地建议,在待机时段期间对罐进行排气。换句话说,当罐没有经受抽取操作并且将在相当长的一段时间内、例如若干个小时(例如,过夜)不会先验时,控制单元命令打开阀以对罐的顶部进行排气。于是,罐的顶部处的气体压力从储存值变为基本上等于大气压力的值(残余压力为几百克)。因此,通过以这种方式降低氮的储存压力,氮的焓的变化倾向于增加,这相当于流体的温度比该流体处于压力下时的温度低得多。因此,在不使用罐的这些时段期间如此储存的流体具有比通常低的温度,从而确保了在可利用的冷能方面较好的低温质量。事实上,快速再加压(使用例如其自身的常压加热器等)使得可以使用失稳(过冷)液体。
然而,这种解决方案并非没有缺点,这种排气必然会造成损失,并且此外,这种程序的矛盾之处在于需要再加压以便可以使用氮,并且因此使热量进入。这种解决方案的实验特别证明了所储存的体积中有4%到9%的体积汽化。因为没有利用这种汽化,所以成本对用户站点有直接影响。
总之,由此推断出这种排气解决方案的两个主要缺点:
1)使用无法被利用以进行再加压的氮。
2)使热气体进入储存罐中以进行减压并且产生热桥。
还考虑了直接从致冷剂储存罐以中压或高压向用户站(例如,机加工站)供应,但是之后观察到,在喷射喷嘴的出口处产生大量气体,这种气体减少了热交换。
最后,可以考虑从低压储存罐通过泵向机器供应,但是与操纵这样的泵相关联的困难是已知的,而且除这些困难之外,还无法以不同压力和低流量向单个站点的若干个机加工站供应。
本发明致力于提出一种用于在使用低温液体的操作(例如,机加工操作)中将操作条件控制和维持处于期望水平的技术解决方案,这些条件与所采用的致冷剂的温度、压力和两相内容物的特性相关。
为了简单起见,下文将非常特别地讨论机加工的情况,但是应了解,上文和下文论述的考虑涉及并且较广泛地适于使用低温液体的许多其他应用。
在此方面,如将在下文中更详细地示出的,本发明认为低温机加工(或类似机加工)方法不一定需要了解液体致冷剂(例如,液氮)中的两相内容物,而是需要例如在每次机加工操作期间对该两相内容物进行监测并且分析该两相内容物随时间出现的任何偏差。而且,提出采用这种新方法是本发明的优点和特点。
众所周知,许多研究已经尝试并且仍在尝试开发一种流量计,该流量计使得可以测量出液体致冷剂的流量并且测量出该液体致冷剂的两相内容物。迄今为止,所开发的系统并不令人满意,或者具有某些弱点(成本、大小、精度等),这些弱点对于低温机加工领域而言是禁止性的。
因此,本发明提出不测量低温液体中的气体内容物,而是利用简单且廉价的系统测量两相内容物的波动。
在此方面,测量脱气釜(或其他相分离器)的气体出口处的气体流量,并且测量此气体流量随时间出现的偏差,如将了解的,这些测量值与两相内容物的波动直接关联。
众所周知,脱气釜的特征在于最大流量取决于所提取的气体相对于液体的压力,并且不保证脱气釜的出口处是100%两相的。
为了说明,在低温机加工的一个实施方式示例的情况下,液氮的流量通常为约2l/min,因此,脱气釜的最大气体流量使得可以在10巴下“净化”约250l/min的氮气,并且因此足以净化任何配置下的气体部分。
因此,在注入模式下,脱气釜不会始终打开。
所附的[图1]呈现了用于实施本发明的设施的示例,从而使得可以较好地理解本技术方案。
图中的元件的命名如下:
-1:“FCV11”=用于(在压力下)调节流量的阀
-2:“PV13”=使得可以打开旁路PV14(因此,脱气在此处发生,而不是在下游用户过程中发生)的液体截止阀,此液体截止阀是所谓的“常闭”阀。
-3:“TT13”=温度变送器
-4:“PT12”=压力变送器
-5:“PSV12”=过压释放阀
-6:“TG12”=相分离器(例如,脱气釜)
-7:“FE”=流量计或流量传感器(能够提供能够用于控制设施的其他元件的信号)
-8:“FT12”=流量计或流量传感器(能够提供能够用于控制设施的其他元件的信号),能够提供气体流量的测量值(因此是两相流量的测量值)
-9:“PCV12”=用于确保脱气釜中的背压并且用于促进对气体流量的更可靠的测量的背压调节器,此背压调节器表示根据本发明的有利选项。
-10:“PV14”=旁路上的截止阀,此阀是所谓的“常开”阀;此阀是冷却阀,可以(而且可选的是)控制此阀用于观察两相内容物的改变。
-20:致冷剂进入
-30:低温液体离开并且被引导朝向用户站
-40:相分离器的气体出口。
借助于此设施、经由气体流量或传感器“FT12”对两相内容物进行测量,使得可以采取例如以下措施中的一个或多个措施:
-告知用户站到达机加工站的流体的两相内容物的变化;
-如果用户决定停止,那么经由对液体截止阀PV13的动作来停止该方法;
-经由调节阀FCV11调整流量,如有必要,则增加流量,以便保持冷能的量恒定(因此,对于这种类型的阀来说,压力增加);
-重复脱气阶段(并且因此再冷却),以便经由旁路上的阀PV14消除两相过量。
如对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的,来自流量计或流量传感器8的原始信号是不可用的,因为分离器/脱气釜经由其浮子进行的操作使流量不恒定、而且特征在于颠振。
因此,有利地,由控制器对此信号执行后处理:
●在对管线进行冷却期间,质量流量不是恒定的(热液体、不稳定的气体/液体百分比等)。
●在用户站(例如,下游机加工站)的生产模式下,流量经历如在所附的[图2]中可以(示意性地)看出的类型的变化,这些变化对应于工具更换以及由同一网络供应的机器数量(可变流量)。
因此,由控制器执行的后处理可以将例如以下标准中的一个或多个标准考虑在内:
●生产循环(例如,在单个给定的持续时间内的两次工具更换(由控制器收集的关于循环开始和结束的信息)之间的机加工循环)内的脱气釜的打开循环次数/周期数。
●每当脱气釜被打开时该脱气釜的打开持续时间:打开持续时间的值、此打开持续时间随时间出现的变化,该打开持续时间是恒定的、或变化的。
●在每个机加工循环期间测量到的气体流量的积分。可以计算出整个低温流体使用期间两相内容物的平均值。
如将容易理解的,液体致冷剂(例如,液氮)的流量将取决于针对机加工操作所选择的程序(并且因此,例如取决于通向机加工区中的入口阀的下游的压力)以及对应于各个机加工阶段(粗加工阶段、精加工阶段、材料阶段、深度阶段等)的注入孔的直径,同时,如将了解的,根据本发明的方法不执行对液氮流量的测量并且不供应该液氮流量的测量值。
●对2次生产循环之间的上述标准进行比较,并且如果(在通向机加工区中的入口处的液氮压力条件和注入孔的液氮压力条件对于这2次循环而言相同的条件下)观察到变化,则输出警报
●待机模式将通过收集从机器朝向控制器等的正在进行的机加工信号而与计算分开进行。
在机加工操作期间对两相内容物进行修改的起因可以被认为是以下几点:
-脱气釜的浮子的堵塞(这点的影响非常大)
-当若干个设备项从同一储存罐抽取时,这些设备项中的一个或多个设备项的停止可能会对本身仍在操作中的其他设备项有影响
-在机加工操作正在进行的同时出现对液氮储存罐的填充
-液氮流体网络的成员发生泄漏。
因此,本发明涉及一种用于从低温流体储存罐向用户站供应比如液氮等低温流体的方法,其中,到达该用户站的液/气两相内容物是影响由此站执行的操作的质量的因素,该罐在高于大气压力的储存压力下在该罐的底部处含有液相的该低温流体并且在该罐的顶部处含有气相的该低温流体,所述罐被设计成向所述站供应从该罐的底部抽取的液体并且从外部被供应流体,其特征在于:
i)设置了气/液相分离装置,例如脱气釜或相分离器,该气/液相分离装置从所述罐被供应该低温流体并且对所述低温流体执行基本上液相和基本上气相的分离,所述基本上液相被引导朝向该用户站;
j)例如在该用户站的每个操作阶段期间随时间通过以下来测量到达该用户站的该液/气两相内容物的波动:
-获取从该相分离装置的气体出口输出的气体流量的测量值并且测量此气体流量随时间出现的任何偏差;或者
-获取由位于该相分离装置的气体出口处的流量传感器提供的信息,此信息是0/1二进制类型的,从而使得可以检测到该分离装置的出口处存在流量并且可以确定该传感器在给定的时间间隔内的打开时间;
k)根据j)中做出的确定的结果,采取一个或多个措施,以便告知该用户站和/或修改此用户站的操作条件。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于从低温流体储存罐向用户站、特别是作为执行机加工操作的站的用户站供应比如液氮等低温流体的方法,其中,到达该用户站的液/气两相内容物是影响由此站执行的操作的质量的因素,该罐在高于大气压力的储存压力下在该罐的底部处含有液相的该低温流体并且在该罐的顶部处含有气相的该低温流体,所述罐被设计成向所述站供应从该罐的底部抽取的液体并且从外部被供应流体,其特征在于:
i)设置了气/液相分离装置(6),例如脱气釜或相分离器,该气/液相分离装置从所述罐被供应(20)低温流体并且对所述低温流体执行基本上液相和基本上气相(40)的分离,所述基本上液相(30)被引导朝向该用户站;
j)例如在该用户站的每个操作阶段期间随时间通过以下来测量(8)到达该用户站的该液/气两相内容物的波动:
-获取如由流量计提供的从该相分离装置的气体出口输出的气体流量的测量值并且测量此气体流量随时间出现的任何偏差;或者
-获取由位于该相分离装置的气体出口处的流量传感器提供的信息,此信息是0/1二进制类型的,从而使得能够检测到该分离装置的出口处存在流量并且能够确定该传感器在给定的时间间隔内的打开时间;
k)根据j)中做出的这些确定的结果,采取一个或多个措施(2,10等),以便告知该用户站和/或修改此用户站的操作条件。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,由该流量计或该流量传感器供应的该信号是由控制器进行过后处理的,这种后处理将例如以下标准中的一个或多个标准考虑在内:
●在该用户站的生产循环内、例如在同一给定的持续时间内的两次工具更换之间的机加工循环内的该相分离装置的打开周期数/循环次数,
●每当该相分离装置被打开时该相分离装置的打开持续时间,以便将特别是该打开持续时间的值、和/或此打开持续时间随时间出现的变化考虑在内,该打开持续时间是恒定的、或变化的,
●在该用户站的每个生产循环期间测量到的气体流量的积分。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,该用户站执行机加工操作。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,该用户站是食品级低温混合器,该食品级低温混合器配备有用于通过该混合器的底部注入该低温流体的喷嘴。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FRFR2010131 | 2020-10-05 | ||
FR2010131A FR3114765B1 (fr) | 2020-10-05 | 2020-10-05 | « Procédé d'alimentation en fluide cryogénique d’un poste utilisateur, notamment d'une machine d'usinage » |
PCT/EP2021/074971 WO2022073716A1 (fr) | 2020-10-05 | 2021-09-10 | Procédé d'alimentation en fluide cryogénique d'un poste utilisateur, notamment d'une machine d'usinage |
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CN116194739A true CN116194739A (zh) | 2023-05-30 |
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CN202180064379.0A Pending CN116194739A (zh) | 2020-10-05 | 2021-09-10 | 用于向用户站、特别是机加工站供应低温流体的方法 |
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US (1) | US20240019082A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4226128A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2023544006A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN116194739A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3194899A1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR3114765B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2022073716A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3623420A1 (de) * | 1986-07-11 | 1988-01-14 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Vorrichtung fuer die zufuhr eines kryogenen kaeltemittels an die bearbeitungszone eines roboters |
FR2841963B1 (fr) | 2002-07-05 | 2005-07-01 | Air Liquide | Procede de regulation en pression d'un reservoir de fluide cryogenique, et reservoir correspondant |
FR2951242B1 (fr) * | 2009-10-08 | 2015-04-03 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation d'alimentation d'un poste utilisateur en liquide cryogenique sous-refroidi |
SI2347855T1 (sl) | 2010-01-26 | 2012-09-28 | University Of Ljubljana | Sistem in postopek za dovajanje tekočega kriogenega fluida obdelovalnim orodjem |
FR2975772B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-25 | 2014-02-28 | Air Liquide | Debimetre pour fluides diphasiques gaz/liquide cryogeniques |
FR2998665B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-27 | 2015-01-16 | Air Liquide | Debitmetre pour fluide diphasique avec variation de pression |
FR3044071B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-05-11 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede et installation de stockage d'un melange gazeux liquefie, en particulier d'air liquefie |
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2020
- 2020-10-05 FR FR2010131A patent/FR3114765B1/fr active Active
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2021
- 2021-09-10 EP EP21777466.0A patent/EP4226128A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-09-10 WO PCT/EP2021/074971 patent/WO2022073716A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-09-10 US US18/030,379 patent/US20240019082A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-10 JP JP2023519060A patent/JP2023544006A/ja active Pending
- 2021-09-10 CN CN202180064379.0A patent/CN116194739A/zh active Pending
- 2021-09-10 CA CA3194899A patent/CA3194899A1/en active Pending
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WO2022073716A1 (fr) | 2022-04-14 |
US20240019082A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
EP4226128A1 (fr) | 2023-08-16 |
JP2023544006A (ja) | 2023-10-19 |
FR3114765B1 (fr) | 2022-08-19 |
FR3114765A1 (fr) | 2022-04-08 |
CA3194899A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
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