CN116191666B - A data acquisition system and method based on photovoltaic power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a data acquisition system and a method based on photovoltaic power generation, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition module, an instruction generation module, a data monitoring module, a data analysis module and a node distribution module; the data monitoring module is used for searching, downloading and monitoring the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center and carrying out observation coefficient GC evaluation on the corresponding photovoltaic power station; the instruction generation module is used for determining the acquisition frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power station according to the observation coefficient GC, and reasonably arranging the monitoring resources; responding to the data acquisition instruction, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring photovoltaic power generation data of a plurality of photovoltaic modules and transmitting the photovoltaic power generation data to the management center for study and analysis by management staff; the data analysis module receives the photovoltaic power generation data, utilizes the node distribution module to analyze the abundant coefficients of the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and distributes corresponding quantity of analysis nodes according to the abundant coefficients to analyze; and the data analysis efficiency is improved.

Description

A data acquisition system and method based on photovoltaic power generation

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a data acquisition system and method based on photovoltaic power generation.

Background technique

Photovoltaic is an important field for the effective use of solar energy, and the use of photovoltaics is growing rapidly. At present, the instruments, methods, and accuracy required for online operation detection and measurement of key equipment in solar photovoltaic power stations are far from the international advanced level. For the actual operation performance evaluation methods, measurement equipment accuracy, and equipment The layout schemes are immature, and the method of data comparison analysis and actual operation performance evaluation is single, which makes it impossible to effectively evaluate the completed photovoltaic power plants.

The existing photovoltaic power generation data acquisition system cannot intelligently identify photovoltaic power stations with high observation coefficients, reasonably arrange monitoring resources, and improve monitoring efficiency; at the same time, with more and more types of photovoltaic equipment deployed in photovoltaic power stations, the data transmission volume is increasing. There is a problem that different numbers of analysis nodes cannot be allocated for analysis according to the rich coefficient of photovoltaic power generation data, which affects the overall data processing efficiency; based on the above shortcomings, the present invention proposes a data acquisition system and method based on photovoltaic power generation.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a data acquisition system and method based on photovoltaic power generation.

In order to achieve the above purpose, according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a data acquisition system based on photovoltaic power generation is proposed, including a data acquisition module, an instruction generation module, a data monitoring module, a data analysis module and a node allocation module;

The data acquisition module is connected to several photovoltaic modules, and is used to obtain photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules in response to data collection instructions, and transmit the photovoltaic power generation data to the management center for research and analysis by management personnel; the photovoltaic power generation data includes photovoltaic power generation data Voltage and current data of components;

The instruction generation module is used to generate data collection instructions according to preset rules, and send the data collection instructions to the data collection module; the preset rules are specifically: according to the observation coefficient GC, determine that the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power station is Hi;

The data monitoring module is used to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and perform observation coefficient GC evaluation on the corresponding photovoltaic power station;

The data analysis module is used to analyze according to the photovoltaic power generation data, so as to judge the fault condition of the photovoltaic module, and send a group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault situation; after the management center receives the group string cut-off command, the control and data acquisition module The connected photovoltaic modules are cut off;

The data analysis module includes several analysis nodes, and the node allocation module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center for enrichment coefficient analysis, and allocate a corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the enrichment coefficient FM for analysis.

Further, the specific monitoring steps of the data monitoring module are:

When it is detected that the photovoltaic power generation data is retrieved and downloaded, it will automatically count down, and the countdown time is T2, and T2 is the preset value; continue to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data during the countdown period;

When the photovoltaic power generation data or associated data is retrieved and downloaded again, the countdown will automatically return to the original value, and the countdown will be performed again according to T2; otherwise, the countdown will be reset to zero and the timing will stop; the associated data represents the photovoltaic power generation of the same photovoltaic power plant in different periods data;

The number of times the photovoltaic power generation data or associated data is retrieved and downloaded during the statistical countdown phase is the retrieval frequency P1, and the duration of the statistical countdown phase is the retrieval duration PT; use the formula GC=P1×r1+PT×r2 to calculate the observation coefficient of the corresponding photovoltaic power station GC; where r1 and r2 are coefficient factors;

The data monitoring module is used to time stamp the observation coefficient GC of the photovoltaic power plant and store it in the storage module.

Further, the specific working steps of the instruction generation module are:

According to the photovoltaic power station, the observation coefficient GC of the photovoltaic power station at the current moment is automatically obtained from the storage module; according to the observation coefficient GC, the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power station is determined as Hi; specifically: the mapping relationship between the observation coefficient range and the collection frequency is stored in the database Table; the instruction generation module is used to issue data collection instructions to the corresponding data collection module according to the collection frequency Hi.

Further, the specific allocation steps of the node allocation module are:

The size of the photovoltaic power generation data is marked as D1, the number of photovoltaic modules corresponding to the statistical photovoltaic power generation data is M1, and the collection time corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data is marked as T1;

Use the formula FM=D1×b1+M1×b2+T1×b3 to calculate the rich coefficient FM corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data, where b1, b2, and b3 are coefficient factors;

Determine the corresponding number of analysis nodes as MK according to the rich coefficient FM, specifically: the database stores a mapping relationship table between the rich coefficient range and the threshold value of the number of nodes;

The analysis coefficient KX of each analysis node is automatically obtained from the storage module, the analysis nodes are sorted according to the size of the analysis coefficient KX, and the analysis node of MK before sorting is selected as the target node to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data.

Further, the system also includes a node evaluation module, which is used to evaluate the analytical coefficient KX of each analysis node, and the specific evaluation steps are:

Obtain the number of access node connections of each analysis node at the current moment as Lt, set the maximum capacity of the corresponding analysis node to access the access node as L0, and the minimum capacity as L1; use the formula Lg=(L0-Lt)/(Lt- L1) calculate the access coefficient Lg of the analysis node;

The delay of data transmission from the management center to the analysis node is marked as Yi; the code rate of the data transmission from the management center to the analysis node is marked as Mi; where, i=1,...,n; where n represents the nth transmission , Yi corresponds to Mi one by one; use the formula CSi=(Mi×a1)/(Yi×a2) to calculate the transmission value CSi of the analysis node, where a1 and a2 are coefficient factors;

Comparing the transmission value CSi with the transmission threshold, calculate the transmission deviation coefficient SP of the analysis node; use the formula KX=(Lg×g5)/(SP×g6) to calculate the analysis coefficient KX of the analysis node, where g5 , g6 is a coefficient factor; the node evaluation module is used to time stamp the analytical coefficient KX of the analysis node and store it in the storage module.

Further, wherein, the specific calculation method of the transmission deviation coefficient SP is:

The proportion of the number of times CSi is less than the transmission threshold is Zb1; when CSi is less than the transmission threshold, the difference between CSi and the transmission threshold is obtained and summed to obtain the transmission difference CT;

Use the formula SP=Zb1×g3+CT×g4 to calculate the transmission deviation coefficient SP of the analysis node, where g3 and g4 are coefficient factors.

Further, a data acquisition method based on photovoltaic power generation, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and evaluate the observation coefficient GC of the corresponding photovoltaic power station;

Step 2: Determine the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power plant as Hi according to the observation coefficient GC; the instruction generation module is used to issue data collection instructions to the data collection module according to the collection frequency Hi;

Step 3: In response to the data collection instruction, the data collection module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules and transmit them to the management center for research and analysis by the management personnel;

Step 4: After the data analysis module receives the photovoltaic power generation data, use the node allocation module to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and allocate a corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the enrichment coefficient FM for analysis;

Step 5: The data analysis module is used to analyze according to the photovoltaic power generation data, so as to judge the fault condition of the photovoltaic module, and send a group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault condition;

After the management center receives the group string cut-off command, it controls the cut-off of the photovoltaic module connected to the data acquisition module; so as to remind the management personnel to carry out inspection and maintenance.

Further, the method further includes: using the node evaluation module to evaluate the analytical coefficient KX for each analysis node.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

In the present invention, the data monitoring module is used to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center, and evaluate the observation coefficient of the corresponding photovoltaic power station; the command generation module is used to determine the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power station according to the observation coefficient GC, and Generate data collection instructions; the data collection module is connected to several photovoltaic modules to respond to the data collection instructions, obtain the photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules, and transmit the photovoltaic power generation data to the management center for research and analysis by management personnel; the present invention can Intelligently identify photovoltaic power plants with high observation coefficients, rationally arrange monitoring resources, and improve monitoring efficiency;

In the present invention, the data analysis module is used to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data to judge the fault condition of the photovoltaic module, and send a group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault situation, so as to control the cut-off of the photovoltaic module connected with the data acquisition module, In order for management personnel to perform maintenance and improve power safety; the data analysis module includes several analysis nodes, and the node allocation module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center for enrichment coefficient analysis, and allocate corresponding quantities according to the enrichment coefficient FM The analysis node of the analysis node is analyzed; then the analysis node of MK before the analysis coefficient KX sorting is selected as the target node to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data to improve the efficiency of data analysis.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of a data acquisition system based on photovoltaic power generation in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a data acquisition method based on photovoltaic power generation in the present invention.

Implementation

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 2, a data acquisition system based on photovoltaic power generation includes a data acquisition module, a management center, an instruction generation module, a database, a data monitoring module, a storage module, a data analysis module, a node allocation module, and a node evaluation module;

The distributed connection between the data acquisition module and the management center is carried out through the Internet of Things nodes; the data acquisition module is connected to several photovoltaic modules, and is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules in response to data collection instructions, and transmit the photovoltaic power generation data to Management center for research and analysis by managers; photovoltaic power generation data includes voltage and current data of photovoltaic modules;

The instruction generation module is used to generate data collection instructions according to preset rules, and send the data collection instructions to the data collection module; the specific steps are as follows:

According to the photovoltaic power station, the observation coefficient GC of the photovoltaic power station from the current moment is automatically obtained from the storage module; according to the observation coefficient GC, the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power station is determined; specifically:

The database stores a mapping relationship table between the observation coefficient range and the collection frequency. The larger the observation coefficient, the greater the collection frequency, that is, the shorter the collection interval and the longer the corresponding collection time;

Obtain the observation coefficient GC corresponding to the photovoltaic power station, and determine the observation coefficient range interval where the GC is located in the corresponding mapping relationship table; obtain the corresponding acquisition frequency according to the observation coefficient range interval as Hi;

The instruction generation module is used to issue data acquisition instructions to the corresponding data acquisition module according to the acquisition frequency Hi;

The data monitoring module is used to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and evaluate the observation coefficient of the corresponding photovoltaic power station. The specific monitoring steps are:

When it is detected that the photovoltaic power generation data is retrieved and downloaded, it will count down automatically. The countdown time is T2, and T2 is the preset value; for example, the value of T2 is 2 hours;

Continue to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data during the countdown phase. When the photovoltaic power generation data or related data is retrieved and downloaded again, the countdown will automatically return to the original value, and the countdown will be performed again according to T2; otherwise, the countdown will return to zero and stop timing; The associated data is expressed as the photovoltaic power generation data of the same photovoltaic power station in different periods;

The number of times the photovoltaic power generation data or related data is retrieved and downloaded during the statistical countdown phase is the retrieval frequency P1, and the duration of the statistical countdown phase is the retrieval duration PT; the retrieval frequency and retrieval duration are normalized and their values are taken, using the formula GC=P1×r1+PT×r2 calculates the observation coefficient GC corresponding to the photovoltaic power station; where r1 and r2 are coefficient factors; the data monitoring module is used to time stamp the observation coefficient GC of the photovoltaic power station and store it in the storage module;

The data analysis module is used to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data to judge the failure of the photovoltaic module, and send the group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault situation; after the management center receives the group string cut-off command, the control is connected with the data acquisition module Cut off the photovoltaic modules; so that the management personnel can carry out inspection and maintenance, and improve the power safety;

The data analysis module includes several analysis nodes. The node allocation module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center for rich coefficient analysis, and allocate the corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the rich coefficient FM for analysis; the specific allocation steps are:

The size of the photovoltaic power generation data is marked as D1, the number of photovoltaic modules corresponding to the statistical photovoltaic power generation data is M1, and the collection time corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data is marked as T1;

Use the formula FM=D1×b1+M1×b2+T1×b3 to calculate the rich coefficient FM corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data, where b1, b2, and b3 are coefficient factors;

According to the enrichment coefficient FM, determine the corresponding number of analysis nodes as MK, specifically:

The database stores a mapping relationship table between rich coefficient ranges and node number thresholds;

Determine the corresponding rich coefficient range according to the rich coefficient FM, and then determine the corresponding node number threshold as MK according to the rich coefficient range, that is, the corresponding analysis node number is MK;

Automatically obtain the analysis coefficient KX of each analysis node from the storage module, sort the analysis nodes according to the size of the analysis coefficient KX, select the analysis node of MK before sorting as the target node to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data, and improve the efficiency of data analysis;

The node evaluation module is connected with the data analysis module, and is used to evaluate the analytical coefficient KX of each analysis node. The specific evaluation steps are:

Obtain the number of access node connections of each analysis node at the current moment as Lt, set the maximum capacity of the corresponding analysis node to access the access node as L0, and the minimum capacity as L1; use the formula Lg=(L0-Lt)/(Lt- L1) calculate the access coefficient Lg of the analysis node;

The delay in data transmission from the management center to the analysis node is marked as Yi; the code rate of the data transmission from the management center to the analysis node is marked as Mi; where, i=1,...,n; where n represents the nth transmission, Yi and Mi One-to-one correspondence; use the formula CSi=(Mi×a1)/(Yi×a2) to calculate the transmission value CSi of the analysis node, where a1 and a2 are coefficient factors;

Comparing the transmission value CSi with the transmission threshold, the statistical ratio of the number of times CSi is smaller than the transmission threshold is Zb1. When CSi is smaller than the transmission threshold, the difference between CSi and the transmission threshold is obtained and summed to obtain the transmission difference CT; using the formula SP= Zb1×g3+CT×g4 is calculated to obtain the transmission deviation coefficient SP of the analysis node, where g3 and g4 are coefficient factors;

Normalize the access coefficient and transmission deviation coefficient and take their values, and use the formula KX=(Lg×g5)/(SP×g6) to calculate the analytical coefficient KX of the analysis node, where g5 and g6 are coefficient factors; The node evaluation module is used to time-stamp the analysis coefficient KX of the analysis node and store it in the storage module.

A method for collecting data based on photovoltaic power generation, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: Retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and evaluate the observation coefficient GC of the corresponding photovoltaic power station;

Step 2: Determine the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power plant as Hi according to the observation coefficient GC; the instruction generation module is used to issue data collection instructions to the corresponding data collection module according to the collection frequency Hi;

Step 3: In response to the data collection instruction, the data collection module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules and transmit them to the management center for research and analysis by the management personnel;

Step 4: After the data analysis module receives the photovoltaic power generation data, use the node allocation module to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and allocate a corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the enrichment coefficient FM for analysis;

Step 5: The data analysis module is used to analyze according to the photovoltaic power generation data to judge the fault condition of the photovoltaic module, and send a group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault condition;

After the management center receives the group string cut-off command, it controls the cut-off of the photovoltaic modules connected to the data acquisition module; so that the management personnel can perform maintenance and improve power safety;

The method also includes: using a node evaluation module to evaluate the analytical coefficient KX of each analysis node.

The above formulas are calculated by removing the dimension and taking its numerical value. The formula is a formula that is closest to the real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation. The preset parameters and preset thresholds in the formula are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation Or obtain a large amount of data simulation.

Working principle of the present invention:

A data acquisition system and method based on photovoltaic power generation. During work, the data monitoring module is used to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and to evaluate the observation coefficient of the corresponding photovoltaic power station; the instruction generation module is used to According to the observation coefficient GC, the acquisition frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power plant is determined, and a data acquisition instruction is generated; the data acquisition module is connected to several photovoltaic modules to respond to the data acquisition instruction, obtain the photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules, and transmit the photovoltaic power generation data To the management center for research and analysis by management personnel; the invention can intelligently identify photovoltaic power plants with high observation coefficients, rationally arrange monitoring resources, and improve monitoring efficiency;

The data analysis module is used to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data to judge the failure of the photovoltaic module, and according to the failure situation, send a string cut-off command to the management center to control the cut-off of the photovoltaic module connected to the data acquisition module, so that the management personnel can carry out maintenance Maintenance and improvement of power security; the data analysis module includes several analysis nodes, and the node allocation module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center for rich coefficient analysis, and allocate the corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the rich coefficient FM for analysis; then select the analysis The analysis node of MK before the coefficient KX sorting is used as the target node to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data to improve the efficiency of data analysis.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example" and the like mean that specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment or example. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only to help illustrate the invention. The preferred embodiments do not exhaust all details nor limit the invention to only specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the contents of this specification. This description selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The invention is to be limited only by the claims, along with their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (3)

1. A data acquisition system based on photovoltaic power generation, characterized in that, comprises a data acquisition module, an instruction generation module, a data monitoring module, a data analysis module and a node assignment module; The data acquisition module is connected to several photovoltaic modules, and is used to obtain photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules in response to data collection instructions, and transmit the photovoltaic power generation data to the management center for research and analysis by management personnel; the photovoltaic power generation data includes photovoltaic power generation data Voltage and current data of components; The instruction generation module is used to generate data collection instructions according to preset rules, and send the data collection instructions to the data collection module; the preset rules are specifically: According to the photovoltaic power station, the observation coefficient GC of the photovoltaic power station from the current moment is automatically obtained from the storage module; according to the observation coefficient GC, the acquisition frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power station is determined as Hi; specifically: The database stores a mapping relationship table between the observation coefficient range and the acquisition frequency; the instruction generation module is used to issue data acquisition instructions to the corresponding data acquisition module according to the acquisition frequency Hi; The data monitoring module is used for retrieving, downloading and monitoring the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and evaluating the observation coefficient GC of the corresponding photovoltaic power station; the specific monitoring steps are: When it is detected that the photovoltaic power generation data is retrieved and downloaded, it will automatically count down, and the countdown time is T2, and T2 is the preset value; continue to retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data during the countdown period; When the photovoltaic power generation data or associated data is retrieved and downloaded again, the countdown will automatically return to the original value, and the countdown will be performed again according to T2; otherwise, the countdown will be reset to zero and the timing will stop; the associated data represents the photovoltaic power generation of the same photovoltaic power plant in different periods data; The number of times the photovoltaic power generation data or associated data is retrieved and downloaded during the statistical countdown phase is the retrieval frequency P1, and the duration of the statistical countdown phase is the retrieval duration PT; use the formula GC=P1×r1+PT×r2 to calculate the observation coefficient of the corresponding photovoltaic power station GC; where r1 and r2 are coefficient factors; The data monitoring module is used to time stamp the observation coefficient GC of the photovoltaic power station and store it in the storage module; The data analysis module is used to analyze according to the photovoltaic power generation data, so as to judge the fault condition of the photovoltaic module, and send a group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault situation; after the management center receives the group string cut-off command, the control and data acquisition module The connected photovoltaic modules are cut off; The data analysis module includes several analysis nodes, and the node evaluation module is used to evaluate the analytical coefficient KX of each analysis node, and the specific evaluation steps are: Obtain the number of access node connections of each analysis node at the current moment as Lt, set the maximum capacity of the corresponding analysis node to access the access node as L0, and the minimum capacity as L1; use the formula Lg=(L0-Lt)/(Lt- L1) calculate the access coefficient Lg of the analysis node; The delay of data transmission from the management center to the analysis node is marked as Yi; the code rate of the data transmission from the management center to the analysis node is marked as Mi; where, i=1,...,n; where n represents the nth transmission , Yi corresponds to Mi one by one; use the formula CSi=(Mi×a1)/(Yi×a2) to calculate the transmission value CSi of the analysis node, where a1 and a2 are coefficient factors; Compare the transmission value CSi with the transmission threshold; count the number of times CSi is smaller than the transmission threshold as Zb1; when CSi is smaller than the transmission threshold, obtain the difference between CSi and the transmission threshold and sum to obtain the transmission difference CT; use the formula SP= Zb1×g3+CT×g4 is calculated to obtain the transmission deviation coefficient SP of the analysis node, where g3 and g4 are coefficient factors; Utilize the formula KX=(Lg×g5)/(SP×g6) to calculate the analytical coefficient KX of the analysis node, wherein g5 and g6 are coefficient factors; the node evaluation module is used to mark the analytical coefficient KX of the analysis node with time Stamp and store to the storage module; The node allocation module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data cached by the management center to analyze the enrichment coefficient FM, and allocate a corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the enrichment coefficient FM for analysis; the specific allocation steps of the node allocation module are: Mark the size of the photovoltaic power generation data as D1, count the number of photovoltaic modules corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data as M1, and mark the collection time corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data as T1; Use the formula FM=D1×b1+M1×b2+T1×b3 to calculate the rich coefficient FM corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation data, where b1, b2, and b3 are coefficient factors; Determine the corresponding number of analysis nodes as MK according to the rich coefficient FM, specifically: the database stores a mapping relationship table between the rich coefficient range and the threshold value of the number of nodes; The analysis coefficient KX of each analysis node is automatically obtained from the storage module, the analysis nodes are sorted according to the size of the analysis coefficient KX, and the analysis node of MK before sorting is selected as the target node to analyze the photovoltaic power generation data. 2. A data collection method based on photovoltaic power generation, applied to a kind of data collection system based on photovoltaic power generation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: Step 1: Retrieve, download and monitor the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and evaluate the observation coefficient GC of the corresponding photovoltaic power station; Step 2: Determine the collection frequency of the corresponding photovoltaic power plant as Hi according to the observation coefficient GC; the instruction generation module is used to issue data collection instructions to the data collection module according to the collection frequency Hi; Step 3: In response to the data collection instruction, the data collection module is used to obtain the photovoltaic power generation data of several photovoltaic modules and transmit them to the management center for research and analysis by the management personnel; Step 4: After the data analysis module receives the photovoltaic power generation data, use the node allocation module to perform enrichment coefficient FM analysis on the photovoltaic power generation data cached in the management center, and allocate a corresponding number of analysis nodes according to the enrichment coefficient FM for analysis; Step 5: The data analysis module is used to analyze according to the photovoltaic power generation data, so as to judge the fault condition of the photovoltaic module, and send a group string cut-off command to the management center according to the fault condition; After the management center receives the group string cut-off command, it controls the cut-off of the photovoltaic module connected to the data acquisition module; so as to remind the management personnel to carry out inspection and maintenance. 3. A photovoltaic power generation-based data collection method according to claim 2, characterized in that the method further comprises: using a node evaluation module to evaluate the analytical coefficient KX of each analysis node.