CN116191170A - Method for transmitting terahertz radiation through light field - Google Patents
Method for transmitting terahertz radiation through light field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for emitting terahertz radiation by a light field, which comprises the following steps: s1: taking the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse modulated by the waveform as excitation pulse light, and guiding the excitation pulse light into a transmitting unit structure arranged in vacuum; the emission unit structure comprises an anode and a cathode; s2: driving a cathode to emit electrons by adopting an excitation pulse light, and generating a periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulse electron beam modulated by a waveform in vacuum under the action of the voltage of an anode; s3: the ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam emits from the cathode into vacuum, and simultaneously radiates periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves outwards, wherein the frequency and the output power of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves are synchronous with the excitation pulse light and the pulse electron beam. The technology of the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, high power, adjustable frequency, good radiation coherence and simple structure, does not need heating parts, does not need an external electron beam modulation device and a strong magnetic field, and is easy to realize miniaturization of devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum electronic high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, in particular to a terahertz radiation method for light field emission.
Background
With the development of new generation information technologies such as 6G wireless communication, high-resolution radar, unmanned, etc., the low-frequency microwave technology is difficult to meet the development needs of the emerging technologies. Compared with the low-frequency microwave, the millimeter wave and the sub-millimeter wave of the high-frequency band have the advantages of shorter wavelength, narrower wave beam, wider frequency band and stronger anti-interference performance, and become the electromagnetic wave spectrum band focused by the new generation of information technology, wherein terahertz waves are particularly interesting. Terahertz waves refer to electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 0.1 and 10THz, and the wavelengths of the electromagnetic waves are within the range of 0.03 to 3mm, and cover millimeter wave high frequency bands (0.1 to 0.3 THz), sub-millimeter wave frequency bands (0.3 to 3 THz) and far infrared light low frequency bands (3 to 10 THz). At present, microwave technology and infrared technology on two sides of a terahertz frequency spectrum are mature, but electromagnetic wave generation, regulation and detection technology of a terahertz frequency band is relatively weak, wherein in the aspect of electromagnetic wave generation, the biggest challenge is to develop a simple, efficient, high-performance and compact terahertz radiation generation technology.
In the terahertz electromagnetic wave radiation technology, the terahertz source with the frequency of 0.1-0.4 THz is mainly provided with two types of hot cathode vacuum electronic devices and semiconductor solid-state devices. The power of the semiconductor solid state device is smaller and still is in the order of mW. Hot cathode vacuum electronic devices such as klystrons (38 th IRMMW-THz, 2013:1-2), traveling wave tubes (IEEE Electron Device Lett 2019; 40:973-6) and gyrotrons (Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:015101) are large in size and long in preheating time due to the existence of cathode heating components and a high-frequency electron beam modulation system, and particularly due to the fact that a high-frequency structure and an operating wavelength have a common transition, the hot cathode vacuum electron terahertz radiation technology is limited to develop to higher frequencies. Terahertz sources with frequencies of 0.5-1 THz, which are in the region of the intersection of electronics and optics, currently have no sophisticated radiation source device solutions. The existing product utilizes a frequency multiplier/difference frequency device to convert the frequency into the frequency band, and has low gain and small power. The terahertz source with the frequency of 1-10 THz is mainly a quantum cascade laser, and the power is of ten mW level. Terahertz signal generation based on optical principles and techniques is limited by optical method limits, for example, for quantum cascade lasers, existing materials and structures cannot realize photon emission at lower frequencies, and radiation signal output below 1THz is difficult to realize. In summary, a new method and a new device and new technology are required to be developed for the terahertz electromagnetic wave radiation source.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the defects and the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a light field terahertz radiation emitting method, which has the advantages of high power, high efficiency, adjustable frequency, good radiation coherence and simple structure, and does not need a heating component, an electron beam modulation device and a strong magnetic field.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a method for emitting terahertz radiation by a light field comprises the following specific steps:
s1: taking the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse modulated by the waveform as excitation pulse light, and guiding the excitation pulse light into a transmitting unit structure arranged in vacuum; the emission unit structure comprises an anode and a cathode;
s2: driving a cathode to emit electrons by adopting an excitation pulse light, and generating a periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulse electron beam modulated by a waveform in vacuum under the action of the voltage of an anode;
s3: the ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam emits from the cathode into vacuum, and simultaneously radiates periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves outwards, wherein the frequency and the output power of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves are synchronous with the excitation pulse light and the pulse electron beam.
Preferably, the periodic ultra-fast and ultra-short light pulse is a laser pulse with any repetition frequency of pulse width, rising edge and falling edge in the time range of 1 fs-10 ps.
Preferably, the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse is subjected to waveform modulation, specifically, the emergent light of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse is further compressed and widened through the compensation grating, so that the pulse width, rising edge and falling edge acting on the cathode are regulated and controlled within the time range of 1 fs-10 ps.
Preferably, the anode is a conductive structure, and the voltage applied to the anode is a direct current voltage or a pulse voltage.
Further, the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam is subjected to excitation pulse light modulation applied to a cathode; the pulse width, rising edge and falling edge of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam are in the time range of 1 fs-10 ps and are synchronous with the frequency of the excitation pulse light.
Preferably, the frequency range of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic wave is 0.1-10 THz.
Preferably, the cathode is a cold cathode, or photocathode which emits electrons by excited pulse photoexcitation.
Preferably, the structure of the cathode is a single-point electron source structure, or a micro-nano electron source structure, or a thin film electron source structure, or an array electron source structure.
Preferably, the preparation material of the cathode is metal and metal oxide, metal sulfide, or alkali metal and alkali metal oxide, alkali metal sulfide, or diamond and diamond-like film, or carbon-based nano structure and film array thereof, two-dimensional atomic crystal material, silicon-based and III-V compound-based semiconductor, excimer enhancement nano structure and composite material thereof.
Preferably, the correspondence between the periodic pulsed terahertz electromagnetic wave and the periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulsed electron beam: the output power of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the light field emission is in direct proportion to the electron emission current and has a linear relation; the output power of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the light field emission directly receives the modulation of the current amplitude of the pulse electron beam, and correspondingly, the output power is also modulated by the light intensity of the excitation pulse light.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method directly acts the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse on the cathode, and the obtained periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam comprises pulse width, rising edge and falling edge of femtosecond to subpicosecond time scale, and then the terahertz electromagnetic wave is rapidly radiated by current of the femtosecond to subpicosecond time scale in an oscillating way. The technology can break through the bottleneck that the hot cathode vacuum electronic device technology is difficult to realize the radiation source with the frequency of 1THz and above, meanwhile, the technology does not need a heating component, does not need a high-frequency modulation device such as speed reduction, deflection, rotation and the like for electron injection, does not need a high-frequency electric field and a high-intensity magnetic field, and has a simple structure and is easy to miniaturize.
2. The output frequency of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the invention can realize flexible modulation by compressing and expanding the exciting pulse light and the response electronic pulse waveform, and can obtain the narrow-band terahertz electromagnetic wave with accurate target frequency and concentrated radiation energy; the output power can be enhanced by increasing the excitation light intensity and the anode electric field so as to further improve the amplitude of the rapidly-changing pulse electron beam current and the electric charge quantity, and the terahertz radiation output with high power, high energy and high efficiency can be obtained.
3. The invention can generate the ultra-fast ultra-short periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic wave synchronous with the excitation pulse light and the electron emission pulse, and has important technical value for the emerging application fields of terahertz wireless communication, terahertz radar and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of a method for transmitting terahertz radiation in the optical field of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the optical field of the present invention emitting terahertz radiation.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a scanning electron microscope of a cold cathode material of an upstanding carbon nanotube film for generating sub-millimeter wave radiation by light field emission of the carbon nanotube in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a radiation detection experiment system for generating sub-millimeter wave radiation by light field emission of carbon nanotubes in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of amplified signal test data of radiation detection phase-locked emission of sub-millimeter wave radiation generated by optical field emission of carbon nanotubes according to an embodiment of the present invention: (a) emitting a current; (b) radiated signal phase locking results; (c) a radiation power detection voltage.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correspondence between electron beam average (pulse) current and femtosecond light average (pulse) power applied to a cold cathode for generating sub-millimeter wave radiation by light field emission of a carbon nanotube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between (a) average radiation power and electron beam average current and (b) pulse radiation power and electron beam pulse current for the sub-millimeter wave radiation generated by the carbon nanotube optical field emission according to the present invention;
fig. 8 illustrates the effect of modulating radiation power of sub-millimeter wave radiation generated by light field emission of carbon nanotubes according to an embodiment of the present invention: (a) the effect of the average power of the laser on the average radiation power; (b) effect of laser pulse power on pulsed radiation power; (c) the effect of vacuum gap voltage on average radiated power; (d) effect of local surface electric field on pulsed radiation power.
In the figure: 1-a housing; 2, a vacuum cavity; 3-cathode; 4-anode; 5-an input window; 6-an output window; 7-periodic ultrafast ultrashort light pulses; 8-periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam; 9-periodically pulsing terahertz electromagnetic waves.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a method for emitting terahertz radiation by a light field comprises the following specific steps:
s1: taking the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse modulated by the waveform as excitation pulse light, and guiding the excitation pulse light into a transmitting unit structure arranged in vacuum; the emission unit structure comprises an anode and a cathode;
s2: driving a cathode to emit electrons by adopting an excitation pulse light, and generating a periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulse electron beam modulated by a waveform in vacuum under the action of the voltage of an anode;
s3: the ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam emits from the cathode into vacuum, and simultaneously radiates periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves outwards, wherein the frequency and the output power of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves are synchronous with the excitation pulse light and the pulse electron beam.
In a specific embodiment, the periodic ultrafast ultrashort optical pulse is a laser pulse with any repetition frequency of pulse width, rising edge and falling edge in the time range of 1 fs-10 ps.
In a specific embodiment, the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse is subjected to waveform modulation, specifically, the emergent light of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse is further compressed and widened through the compensation grating, so that the pulse width, rising edge and falling edge acting on the cathode are regulated and controlled within the time range of 1 fs-10 ps.
In a specific embodiment, the anode is a conductive structure, and the voltage applied to the anode is a direct current voltage, or a pulse voltage.
In a specific embodiment, the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulsed electron beam is modulated by an excitation pulse applied to a cathode; the pulse width, rising edge and falling edge of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam are in the time range of 1 fs-10 ps and are synchronous with the frequency of the excitation pulse light.
In a specific embodiment, the frequency range of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic wave is 0.1-10 THz.
In a specific embodiment, the cathode is a cold cathode, or photocathode that emits electrons upon photoexcitation by an excitation pulse.
In a specific embodiment, the cathode structure is a single point electron source structure, or a micro-nano electron source structure, or a thin film electron source structure, or an array electron source structure.
In a specific embodiment, the cathode is made of metal and metal oxide, metal sulfide, or alkali metal and alkali metal oxide, alkali metal sulfide, or diamond and diamond-like film, or carbon-based nanostructures and their thin film arrays, two-dimensional atomic crystal materials, silicon-based and III-V compound-based semiconductors, excimer-enhanced nanostructures and their composites.
In a specific embodiment, the correspondence between the periodic pulsed terahertz electromagnetic wave and the periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulsed electron beam: the output power of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the light field emission is in direct proportion to the electron emission current and has a linear relation; the output power of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the light field emission directly receives the modulation of the current amplitude of the pulse electron beam, and correspondingly, the output power is also modulated by the light intensity of the excitation pulse light.
Example 2
Based on the method for emitting terahertz radiation by the optical field of embodiment 1, the embodiment also provides an optical field emitting terahertz radiation structure, as shown in fig. 2, which comprises an emitting unit structure, a shell 1, a vacuum cavity 2 arranged in the shell 1, an input window 5 for inputting periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulses 7 generated by a femtosecond laser into the vacuum cavity 2, and an output window 6 for outputting periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves 9 radiation to the vacuum cavity 2;
wherein the emission unit structure is arranged in the vacuum cavity 2;
the emission unit structure comprises an anode 4 and a cathode 3, wherein the anode 4 and the cathode 4 are oppositely arranged, and a vacuum gap is reserved between the anode 4 and the cathode 3;
the input window 5 and the output window 6 are arranged in the shell 1;
the periodic ultra-fast and ultra-short light pulse 7 generated by the femtosecond laser is radiated on the cathode 3 through the input window 5 as excitation pulse light to drive the cathode 3 to emit electrons;
the anode 4 is applied with voltage;
the cathode 3 emits electrons, and under the voltage of the anode 4, a periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam modulated by a waveform is generated in vacuum.
Example 3
The method for emitting terahertz radiation by the light field described in embodiment 1 and the structure for emitting terahertz radiation by the light field described in embodiment 2 are specifically described in detail as follows:
s1: taking the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse modulated by the waveform as excitation pulse light, and guiding the excitation pulse light into a transmitting unit structure arranged in vacuum; the emission unit structure comprises an anode and a cathode.
Specifically, the present embodiment is implemented in a light field emission terahertz radiation unit structure. A femtosecond laser with the wavelength of 800nm, the repetition frequency of 1kHz and the initial pulse width of 35fs is adopted to generate periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulses as excitation pulse light. The method comprises the steps of actively modulating the emergent light waveform of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse by adopting a compensation grating technology, enabling the emergent light waveform to pass through an input window, and enabling the emergent light waveform to serve as excitation pulse light to be excited to act on a cathode, wherein the pulse width of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse is 150fs. The time domain waveform of the femtosecond optical pulse carries high frequency component information with the highest frequency of 5.36THz through Fourier spectrum analysis.
S2: and driving the cathode to emit electrons by adopting an excitation pulse light, and generating a periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulse electron beam modulated by a waveform in vacuum under the action of the voltage of the anode.
Specifically, the embodiment adopts the cold cathode of the vertical carbon nanotube film as a cathode, and the scanning electron microscope diagram of the cold cathode material of the vertical carbon nanotube film is shown in fig. 3. The cathode material is prepared by adopting a thermal chemical vapor deposition method, has vertical orientation and dense arrangement, and the single carbon nano tube has ultrahigh length-diameter ratio and geometric field enhancement factor (5000). A spherical metal copper electrode with high conductivity is used as an anode, and voltage of 0 to 500V is applied to the anode through an external direct-current voltage source, so that a vacuum gap electric field controlled by anode voltage is formed between the cathode and the anode (800 mu m). Considering the field enhancement factor (5000) of the carbon nanotube, the intensity of the local electrostatic field acting on the surface of the cold cathode of the carbon nanotube reaches 0 to 3.125GV m -1 。
The cathode, anode and vacuum gap together form an electron emission diode structure in a high vacuum environment (-7.5X10) -9 torr), a periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam is generated in optical synchronization with the excitation pulse of the excitation cathode.
S3: the ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam emits from the cathode into vacuum, and simultaneously radiates periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves outwards, wherein the frequency and the output power of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves are synchronous with the excitation pulse light and the pulse electron beam.
Specifically, the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic wave generated in this embodiment is synchronized with the excitation pulse light and the pulse electron beam, the repetition frequency is 1kHz, and radiation propagation is performed from the vacuum chamber to the outside through the output window.
Fig. 4 shows a structural diagram of an experimental system for excitation pulsed light and anode voltage driving, electronic pulse testing, and terahertz radiation detection in this embodiment. Wherein, adopt vacuum cavity and serial pump package to provide high vacuum environment. Measuring the average laser power acting on the surface of the cathode by adopting an optical power meter, and calculating the power of the excitation pulse light through the width and the duty ratio of the modulated excitation pulse light; further, the local light field intensity is calculated by the Potentilla vector theorem and the tip light field enhancement factor (4) of the carbon nanotube cold cathode. The direct current voltage source is adopted to provide anode voltage and vacuum gap electric field for the electron emission diode structure, and the picoampere meter is adopted to accurately record the average current of the pulse electron beam under different light excitation and anode voltage conditions, so that the current of the pulse electron beam is further calculated. The commercial thermopile detector is combined with the silicon lens, output power detection is carried out on the generated terahertz electromagnetic wave, and the terahertz electromagnetic wave is recorded in a detection voltage mode and converted into a power parameter; the frequency window of detection is 0.3 to 60THz, and considering that the highest frequency component of the actually generated radiation is lower than 5.36THz, the frequency range of the actually generated electromagnetic radiation of the embodiment is 0.3 to 5.36THz, is in the terahertz frequency range, and covers sub-millimeter waves (0.3 to 3 THz). A phase-locked testing method is adopted to verify the synchronism of the generated terahertz electromagnetic wave and the excitation pulse light; adding a chopping signal with the frequency of 72Hz into an incident optical path, and monitoring the phase synchronism of the chopped excitation pulse optical signal and the terahertz electromagnetic wave generation signal.
Fig. 5 shows experimental test recorded data including average emission current, phase-locked condition, terahertz radiation detection voltage at an anode voltage of 500V, an average power of 24 to 43mW of excitation pulse light in this embodiment. The following conclusions can be drawn: when no excitation pulse light excitation exists, no pulse electron beam emission current is generated, the radiation detection voltage is 0, and the phase is not locked with the optical signal; when the excitation pulse light is excited and the intensity is gradually increased, the pulse electron beam current is generated and gradually increased, the terahertz radiation signal is generated and the radiation power is gradually increased, and the synchronous phase signal is always locked, so that the terahertz electromagnetic wave is proved to be synchronous with the light pulse.
Fig. 6 shows the correspondence between the pulsed electron beam average (pulse) current measured in this example and the femtosecond optical average (pulse) power applied to the cold cathode: under the action of the average laser power of 24-43 mW and the laser pulse power of 0.16-0.29 GW, when the vacuum gap voltage is 500V, the average current of the corresponding generated pulse electron beam is 1.9-2.3 nA, and the corresponding electron beam pulse current reaches 12.7-15.3A.
Fig. 7 shows the correspondence between the terahertz electromagnetic wave average (pulse) radiation power and the pulsed electron beam average (pulse) current measured in this example: the terahertz radiation power generated by light field emission is proportional to the electron emission current, and has a linear relation, which indicates that the terahertz radiation emitted by the light field is directly and synchronously generated in the process of emitting the ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam by the cathode, and the radiation power is directly modulated by the current amplitude of the pulse electron beam; accordingly, the generated terahertz radiation power is also subjected to light intensity modulation of the ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse as the excitation source.
Fig. 8 shows the power modulation effect of the terahertz radiation emitted by the optical field measured in this embodiment: the laser average (pulse) power proves to have obvious proportional relation influence on terahertz radiation average (pulse) power, and under the action of the average laser power of 24-43 mW and the laser pulse power of 0.16-0.29 GW, when the vacuum gap voltage is 500V, the corresponding generated radiation average power is 12.6-16.4 mu W, and the radiation pulse power reaches 84-110 kW; furthermore, the vacuum gap voltage (surface localized electrostatic field) has also been shown to have a proportional effect on the radiation power.
Through experimental measurement, the optical field emission terahertz radiation technology based on the carbon nanotube cold cathode can generate sub-millimeter wave terahertz pulse radiation with the repetition frequency of 1kHz, the output pulse power of 110kW and the output frequency range of 0.3 to 5.36 THz.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for emitting terahertz radiation by a light field is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: taking the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short light pulse modulated by the waveform as excitation pulse light, and guiding the excitation pulse light into a transmitting unit structure arranged in vacuum; the emission unit structure comprises an anode and a cathode;
s2: driving a cathode to emit electrons by adopting an excitation pulse light, and generating a periodic ultrafast ultrashort pulse electron beam modulated by a waveform in vacuum under the action of the voltage of an anode;
s3: the ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam emits from the cathode into vacuum, and simultaneously radiates periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves outwards, wherein the frequency and the output power of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic waves are synchronous with the excitation pulse light and the pulse electron beam.
2. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the periodic ultra-fast and ultra-short light pulse is a laser pulse with any repetition frequency of pulse width, rising edge and falling edge within the time range of 1 fs-10 ps.
3. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the steps of carrying out waveform modulation on periodic ultra-fast ultra-short optical pulses, specifically, further compressing and expanding emergent light of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short optical pulses through a compensation grating, and realizing the regulation and control of pulse width, rising edge and falling edge acting on a cathode within a time range of 1 fs-10 ps.
4. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the anode is of a conductive structure, and the voltage applied to the anode is direct current voltage or pulse voltage.
5. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 2, wherein: the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam is subjected to excitation pulse light modulation acted on a cathode; the pulse width, rising edge and falling edge of the periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulse electron beam are in the time range of 1 fs-10 ps and are synchronous with the frequency of the excitation pulse light.
6. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the frequency range of the periodic pulse terahertz electromagnetic wave is 0.1-10 THz.
7. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the cathode is a cold cathode or photocathode which emits electrons by excited pulse light excitation.
8. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the cathode structure is a single-point electron source structure, or a micro-nano electron source structure, or a thin film electron source structure, or an array electron source structure.
9. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: the preparation materials of the cathode are metal and metal oxide, metal sulfide, alkali metal and alkali metal oxide, alkali metal sulfide, diamond and diamond-like film, carbon-based nano structure and film array thereof, two-dimensional atomic crystal material, silicon-based and III-V compound-based semiconductor, excimer enhancement nano structure and composite material thereof.
10. The light field emission terahertz radiation method of claim 1, wherein: correspondence between periodic pulsed terahertz electromagnetic waves and periodic ultra-fast ultra-short pulsed electron beams: the output power of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the light field emission is in direct proportion to the electron emission current and has a linear relation; the output power of the terahertz electromagnetic wave generated by the light field emission directly receives the modulation of the current amplitude of the pulse electron beam, and correspondingly, the output power is also modulated by the light intensity of the excitation pulse light.
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