CN116188041A

CN116188041A - Food information tracing method, device and system based on block chain

Info

Publication number: CN116188041A
Application number: CN202310319030.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢宏; 谢新荣; 杨喆炜; 蔡璐燕
Original assignee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd ICBC
Current assignee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd ICBC
Priority date: 2023-03-29
Filing date: 2023-03-29
Publication date: 2023-05-30

Abstract

The invention provides a food information tracing method, device and system based on a block chain, which relate to the technical field of block chains and comprise the following steps: receiving traceability data, traceability pictures and traceability videos written by food traceability participants, wherein the food traceability participants comprise raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, storage units and sellers; storing a tracing picture and a tracing video into a file server under a chain, and executing data creation intelligent contract to store the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a storage node of a tracing block chain; receiving a traceable query request sent by a consumer; and executing the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete food information tracing. The method and the device can combine on-chain and under-chain to finish information storage management of food in links such as production, processing, storage, transportation and sales, ensure safe and reliable storage of food information, and meet the food traceability requirement in a real scene.

Description

Food information tracing method, device and system based on block chain

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a food information tracing method, device and system based on block chains.

Background

With the development of internet finance, banking and other finance industries are further guaranteeing the body of staff, and more attention is paid to food safety. Food tracing is an important index for guaranteeing food safety, and ensures that various quality index information of food can be traced in the circulation process of the food, so that the food information is guaranteed to be under control of safety. The traditional food tracing adopts a centralized storage mechanism, and the information is usually subjected to the problems of asymmetric acquisition, easy tampering and damage, unsafe data storage, privacy guarantee of each related organization in data exchange and the like. The blockchain technology is a non-tamperable decentralized distributed account book, has a safe data consensus and privacy protection mechanism, and can ensure the integrity, reliability and consistency of data, so that the technology of tracing by using the blockchain appears. However, in terms of food tracing, the following technical problems still need to be solved: how each participant in the food circulation link interacts and transacts; how the privacy of the data transaction of each participant is protected; because the block chain has smaller data storage quantity, how to ensure the storage of the food tracing data file; how to update and upgrade the traceable intelligent contract more conveniently and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a method, apparatus and system for tracing food information based on blockchain to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a blockchain-based food information tracing method, the method comprising: receiving traceability data, traceability pictures and traceability videos written by food traceability participants, wherein the food traceability participants comprise raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units and sellers; storing the tracing picture and the tracing video into a file server under a chain, and executing a data creation intelligent contract to store the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a storage node of a tracing block chain; receiving a traceable query request sent by a consumer; and executing the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete food information tracing.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a blockchain-based food information traceability device, the device comprising: the data receiving unit is used for receiving the traceability data, the traceability pictures and the traceability video written by the food traceability participants, wherein the food traceability participants comprise raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units and sellers; the storage unit is used for storing the tracing pictures and the tracing videos into a file server under a chain, executing data creation intelligent contracts and storing the tracing data, the hash values of the tracing pictures and the hash values of the tracing videos into storage nodes of a tracing block chain; the query request receiving unit is used for receiving a traceable query request sent by a user; and the tracing unit is used for executing the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete food information tracing.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a blockchain-based food information traceability system, the system comprising: the system comprises a physical layer, a data layer, a platform layer and an application layer, wherein the physical layer comprises a plurality of hardware devices for acquiring food information by means of the Internet of things technology; the data layer comprises an under-chain relational database, an under-chain file server and a storage node of a tracing block chain, wherein the under-chain relational database is used for storing non-tracing data, the under-chain file server is used for storing tracing pictures and videos, and the storage node of the tracing block chain is used for storing tracing data, tracing picture hash values and tracing video hash values; the platform layer is used for carrying out account and authority management, log management, enterprise management, traceability node management and data analysis of food traceability participants; the application layer is used for establishing an interactive interface with a third party user or organization.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on said memory and executable on said processor, the processor implementing the steps of the above method when executing said computer program.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the above method.

According to the technical scheme, the food information tracing method and system based on the block chain can be combined with the on-chain and off-chain to finish information storage management of food in links such as production, processing, storage, transportation and sales, ensure safe and reliable storage of food information and meet food tracing requirements in a real scene.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a food information tracing method based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of contract invocation provided by the present embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a food trace participant writing data to a blockchain storage node according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a consumer querying the traceability block chain for traceability data according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an improved four-tier smart contract model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for tracing food information based on a blockchain according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of network deployment of a food information tracing system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of completing a cross-link traceability query request by using cross-link interaction combining a notary mode and a relay link mode according to the embodiment;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based food information tracing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based food information tracing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a system for tracing food information based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an upgrade flow of a logic contract provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a food tracing cross-chain platform interface according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 14 is a schematic flow chart of tracing food information by a consumer according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a system configuration of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions herein are for the purpose of explaining the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The application provides a food tracing scheme meeting the requirement of a real scene around the research of the related technology of the blockchain in the aspect of food tracing, and realizes an extensible food tracing system model with high performance.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a block chain-based food information tracing method according to an embodiment of the present application, where the embodiment is described from a tracing block chain side, and the method includes the following steps:

step S101: and receiving the traceability data, the traceability pictures and the traceability video written by the food traceability participants, wherein the food traceability participants comprise raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units and sellers.

For convenience of description, the units of the raw material provider, the producer, the transportation unit, the storage unit and the seller that provide the food traceability data are referred to as food traceability participants in this embodiment, and it can be understood that the broad sense of food traceability participants may also include institutions where consumer users and other third parties have regulatory responsibility for food circulation.

The traceability data herein refers to a small amount of traceability information required by traceability regulations, such as lot numbers, traceability results, production places, inspection dates, and the like. For example, for raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units, and sellers, the content stored in the blockchain may be distributed as shown in tables 1-5:

TABLE 1 raw materials data sheet

Field name	Meaning of field	Field code
			material_id	Raw material identification	1000
material_name	Raw material name	1001
			material_place	Raw material producing area	1002
responsible_person	Responsible person	1003
			hash_certificate	Related certificate hash value	1004

Table 2 manufacturer data sheet

Field name	Meaning of field	Field code
			material_id	Food raw material label	1000
food_id	Food label	2000
			food_name	Food name	2001
responsible_person	Production responsibility person	2002
			manufacturer	Manufacturer(s)	2003
producter_date	Date of production	2004
			producter_place	Production area	2005
hash_certificate	Related certificate hash value	2006

TABLE 3 vendor data sheet

Field name	Meaning of field	Field code
			food_id	Food label	2000
retailer_id	Sales mark	3000
			retailer_place	Sales and salesCommercial address	3001
retailer_date	Sales time	3002
			responsible_person	Sales responsibility person	3003
hash_certificate	Related certificate hash value	3004

Table 4 logistics data table

Field name	Meaning of field	Field code
			product_id	Product identification	4000
product_name	Product name	4001
			vehicle_id	Logistics vehicle identification	4002
vehicle_date	Transit time	4004
			vehicle_line	Logistics route	4005
responsible_person	Responsible person	4003

Table 5 warehouse data table

Field name	Meaning of field	Field code
			product_id	Product identification	5000
in_time	Warehouse time	5001
			out_time	Time of delivery	5002
warehouse	Warehouse information	5003
			responsible_person	Responsible person	5004

Step S102: and storing the tracing picture and the tracing video into a file server under a chain, and executing a data creation intelligent contract to store the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a storage node of a tracing block chain.

The traceable blockchain of the embodiment includes a link-down relational database, a link-down file server and a blockchain storage node in terms of storage, and because food traceable data has more files such as pictures and videos, and the data storage of a blockchain network is limited, the application designs a mode of combining link-up data and link-down data, specifically: the under-chain relational database may be used to store non-traceable data, the under-chain file server may be used to store traceable pictures and videos, and the blockchain storage nodes may be used to store traceable data (the data of tables 1-5 above), traceable picture hash values, and traceable video hash values.

Step S103: and receiving a traceable query request sent by the consumer.

The consumer can initiate a traceable query request through an application on the personal terminal, and can input a food number, which is an identification of the food, and then click a query button, so that the traceable query request of the corresponding food can be sent, wherein the food number is generally the same batch of foods, and the same foods with the same production time can be numbered the same.

Step S104: and executing the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete food information tracing.

The intelligent contract is the key for completing the block chain data processing logic, and the operations of writing, inquiring and the like of data can be realized by calling the intelligent contract.

In this embodiment, the api may be provided by a shim (shim. Com/hyperridge/fabric-char-code-go/shim) package to access its state variables, transaction context, and invoke other smart contracts. The food tracing intelligent contract algorithm flow based on the block chain is mainly as follows:

input: (fcn, peers, chaincodeName, channelName, args, token); and (3) outputting: x, specifically, comprises the following steps:

step1: checking whether the access identity information token is correct or not;

step2: determining nodes needing endorsement according to the block chain network node peers parameters;

step3: locating to a specified contract method according to a channel name, an intelligent contract chain code name chaincodeName and a method name fcn defined in the Fabric network;

step4: checking intelligent contract method parameters args;

step5: performing logic operations according to contract methods and parameters;

step6: and outputting an execution return result X.

The input parameters fcn are names of intelligent contract methods, peers are peer node information in the Fabric blockchain network, chaincodeName is a deployed intelligent contract chain code name, and the chain code is commonly used for processing business logic commonly accepted by members in the Fabric blockchain network, namely an intelligent contract commonly called by people. The channel name is the name of the block chain network channel defined in Fabric, the args is the request parameter of the intelligent contract method, and the token is the user identity information.

According to the description, the food information tracing method based on the blockchain can simultaneously combine the upper part and the lower part of the chain to finish information storage management of food in links such as production, processing, storage, transportation, sales and the like, ensure safe and reliable storage of food information, and meet food tracing requirements in a real scene.

As an embodiment of the present invention, a hierarchical smart Contract model is proposed, which separates functional Logic and Data in a smart Contract, stores Data (Data Contract) using a separate Contract, and implements business Logic (Logic Contract) using a separate Contract.

Specifically, the present embodiment splits an intelligent contract into an agent contract, a data contract and a logic contract, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of contract call provided in the present embodiment, where:

agent contracts: the consumer or third party entity interacts with the contract through proxy contracts. The proxy contract records the address of the data contract, forwards the address to the logic contract for processing through the proxy call, and modifies the data contract data according to the business logic. The proxy contract also records the address and version of the logical contract, knowing to which version the logical contract process is forwarded.

Data contract: the storage structure of the contract cannot be changed in charge of storing data, and the table in the analog database cannot be easily modified once set; and an interface for accessing and modifying data, wherein other contracts cannot directly access the data of the current contract, and the external function is required to access and modify the data so as to realize the CURD of the storage contract.

In this embodiment, the data contract mainly stores the data that the food traceable participant needs to upload to the Fabric blockchain, and may include raw material provider data, manufacturer data, transportation unit data, warehouse unit data, and vendor data, and the specific data structure is as follows:

(1) Raw material provider

type Material struct{

Material_id string' json: "Material_id"// raw Material identification

Material_name string' json: "Material_name"// raw Material name

Material_place string' json: "Material_place"// raw Material origin

Response_person string' json: "response_person"// raw material Responsible person

Hash_ certificate string' json: "hash_certificate"// related certificate Hash value

Time string' json: "Time"// data upload Time

}

(2) Manufacturer (S)

type Producter struct{

Material_id string' json: "Material_id"// raw Material identification

Food_id string' json: "food_id"// Food identification

Food_name string' json: "food_name"// Food name

Manufacturer string' json: "mangafacter"// manufacturer information

Product_date string' json: "product_date"// date of manufacture

Product_place string' json: "product_place"// place of origin

Response_person string 'json: "response_person"// production liability person Hash certificate string' json: "hash_verification"// related certificate Hash value

Time string' json: "Time"// data upload Time

}

(3) Transport unit

type Transport struct{

Product_id string' json: "product_id"// Product identification

Product_name string' json: "product_name"// Product name

Vehicle_id string' json: "Vehicle_id"// Logistics Vehicle identification

Vehicle_date string' json: "Vehicle_date"// transit time

Vehicle_line string' json: "Vehicle_line"// flow route

Response_person string' json: "response_person"// Responsible person

Time string' json: "Time"// data upload Time

}

(4) Storage unit

type Warehouse struct{

Product_id string' json: "product_id"// Product identification

In_time string' json: "in_time"// warehouse-In time

Out_time string' json: "out_time"// Out-of-stock time

Warehouse string' json: "Warehouse"// Warehouse information

Response_person string' json: "response_person"// Responsible person

Time string' json: "Time"// data upload Time

}

(5) Selling merchant

type Retailer struct{

Food_id string' json: "food_id"// Food identification

Retailer_id string' json: "retailer_id"// vendor identification

Retailer_place string' json: "Retailer_place"// sales address

Retailer_date string' json: "retailer_date"// sales time

Response_person string' json: "response_person"// sales Responsible person

Time string' json: "Time"// data upload Time

}

Logic contracts: is responsible for handling contract logic, and implements complex logic by combining the CURD of the data contract.

The above logical contracts may mainly include logical contract functions as shown in the following table 6:

TABLE 6 logic contract function

Function name	Function
		createMaterial()	Creation of food raw material information
createProducter()	Creating food processing information
		createRetailer()	Creating food sales information
createTransport()	Creating food transport information
		createWarehouse()	Creating food storage information
queryProduct()	Food tracing

Based on the above-mentioned intelligent contract setting, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of writing data into the blockchain storage node by the food tracing participant according to the present embodiment:

step S301: the food trace participants invoke the proxy contract to begin performing the data creation step.

Step S302: the proxy contract delegates to the logic contract for data creation processing.

Step S303: and the logic contract acquires a data contract address from the proxy contract, and modifies the data contract based on the data contract address to finish the operation of storing the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a blockchain storage node.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of querying traceability data of a traceability blockchain by a consumer according to the present embodiment:

step S401: and calling an agent contract according to the traceable query request to start executing the food information traceable query step.

Step S402: the agent contract delegates to the logic contract to perform the food information tracing inquiry.

Step S403: the logic contract obtains a data contract address from the proxy contract and queries trace data of the data contract based on the data contract address.

Step S404: the logic contract returns the trace data to the proxy contract.

Step S405: and the proxy contract displays the traceable data to the consumption user.

Through the intelligent contract three-layer model, the limit of the contract size can be solved, and the complex function is realized. In addition, the intelligent contracts can be updated only by upgrading the logic contracts, and the functional contracts are packaged into the universal contracts, so that repeated deployment contracts are reduced.

However, the transformation of the logic contracts at any time may cause a problem of logic non-variability, and for this problem, the application proposes a further improved four-layer intelligent contract model, which is shown in fig. 5, by adding a rights layer to ensure the security operation of contract modification upgrade and call.

The upgrade of the logic contract is limited by the authority contract, and the logic contract upgrade can be triggered after the signing agreement of more than the preset number of food tracing participants. Meanwhile, the intelligent contract is controllable, a permission switch for suspending business can be added on the logic contract, and when a problem occurs, an administrator account can close the operation of the key logic contract to ensure normal execution of the contract.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the food information tracing method based on the blockchain in the embodiment may further include the following steps:

step S105: and receiving a cross-chain traceable query request of the third party mechanism.

Such third party institutions may include those that have regulatory responsibilities for food circulation, and the system may interact with systems of such institutions, including but not limited to food detection institutions data management systems, food information collection management systems, enterprise data management systems, etc., across chains, i.e., with blockchains in which such institutions reside.

Step S106: and completing the cross-chain traceability query request based on cross-chain interaction of the combination of the notary mode and the relay chain mode.

It should be noted that although fig. 6 illustrates the steps in a sequential manner, those skilled in the art should appreciate that steps S105 and S106 and steps S103 and S104 may be performed simultaneously, i.e. the traceable queries of the consuming user or the third party authority may be received simultaneously.

In this embodiment, a Fabric blockchain network is formed by using raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units and sellers in the food tracing participants as network nodes, as shown in fig. 7, which is a network deployment schematic diagram of a food information tracing system provided in this embodiment of the application, as can be seen in fig. 7, each food tracing participant in the Fabric blockchain network is formed by two peer nodes, and the Fabric blockchain network further includes a sorting service network, where the sorting service network is formed by five sorting nodes through a consensus mechanism.

Aiming at the dual technology of the notary mode and the relay mode, the embodiment uses the notary credibility in Fabric and the flexibility of relay to facilitate the data verification and conversion between the blockchains.

The notary mechanism is naturally compatible with the ecology of Fabric, because the sequencing nodes in Fabric can be just used as notary, firstly, the sequencing nodes are selected and generated by organization members in a alliance chain together, the notary mechanism has relative stability, and a notary list does not need to be updated continuously. However, the reliability of the sorting nodes is also problematic, because the sorting nodes are selected by Fabric, and the confidence of the sorting nodes cannot influence other chains, so that the authenticity of the cross-chain data is questioned. The relay mode can conveniently solve the problem of data structure conversion among different chains, does not consume the resources on the original chain additionally, can perform data verification and state synchronization through the relay chain, and improves the credibility of data sources.

Fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of completing a cross-link traceability query request by using cross-link interaction combining a notary mode and a relay link mode according to the present embodiment:

s801: after the notary executes the multiple signatures, the transaction is sent to a relay chain for data verification;

S802: after the relay chain is successfully verified, converting the data structure, and converting the data structure of the traceability block chain into the data structure of the private chain of the third party mechanism;

s803: and carrying out multiple signatures on the transaction by the notary, and transferring to the private chain of the third party institution.

Preferably, compared to establishing channels for each special relationship, the present embodiment uses a manner of defining a plurality of private data sets to realize sharing of private data, specifically, the present embodiment shares private data with each other by defining private data sets between the raw material provider and the manufacturer, between the seller and the manufacturer, between the warehouse unit, between the manufacturer and the seller.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the method for tracing food information based on blockchain provided in this embodiment solves the problem of modification and upgrade of intelligent contracts in real scenes, designs a multi-chain technology according to different application scenes by researching and analyzing different blockchain technologies, completes transmission and exchange of information among multiple blockchains, ensures privacy and security of data, and solves the problem of single blockchain island. Finally, the method and the device can simultaneously combine the on-chain and off-chain information storage management in links such as production, processing, storage, transportation and sales of food, ensure safe and reliable storage of food information, and meet the food traceability requirement in a real scene.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a block-chain-based food information tracing device according to an embodiment of the present application, where the device includes: the data receiving unit 910, the storage unit 920, the query request receiving unit 930, and the tracing unit 940 are sequentially connected therebetween.

The data receiving unit 910 is configured to receive traceability data, traceability pictures and traceability videos written by food traceability participants, where the food traceability participants include a raw material provider, a producer, a transportation unit, a warehouse unit and a seller.

The storage unit 920 is configured to store the traceable picture and the traceable video in an under-chain file server, and execute a data creation intelligent contract to store the traceable data, the hash value of the traceable picture, and the hash value of the traceable video in a storage node of a traceable blockchain.

The query request receiving unit 930 is configured to receive a traceable query request sent by a user.

The tracing unit 940 is configured to perform data query on the smart contract according to the tracing query request to complete tracing of food information.

Preferably, the storing unit 920 executing the data creation intelligent contract to store the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture, and the hash value of the tracing video into the storage node of the tracing blockchain may specifically include: invoking the proxy contract to start executing the data creation step; the proxy contract delegates the logic contract to perform data creation processing; and the logic contract acquires a data contract address from the proxy contract, and modifies the data contract based on the data contract address to finish the operation of storing the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a blockchain storage node.

Preferably, the tracing unit 940 may execute the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete tracing of the food information, which specifically includes: calling an agent contract to start executing the food information tracing inquiry step according to the tracing inquiry request; the agent contract delegates to the logic contract to perform food information tracing inquiry; the logic contract obtains a data contract address from the proxy contract and inquires the tracing data of the data contract based on the data contract address; the logic contract returns the traceability data to the proxy contract; the proxy contract presents the traceable data to the consuming user.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the upgrade of the logic contract is limited by the rights contract, and the logic contract upgrade can be triggered only after a preset number of food trace participants sign agreements.

Preferably, in this embodiment, private data is shared with each other by defining a private data set between the raw material provider and the manufacturer, between the seller and the manufacturer, and between the warehouse unit, the manufacturer and the seller.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 10, the food information tracing device of this embodiment further includes:

A cross-link request receiving unit 950, configured to receive a cross-link tracing query request of a third party mechanism;

the cross-link request completing unit 960 is configured to complete the cross-link traceability query request based on cross-link interaction that combines a notary mode and a relay mode.

Preferably, the notary is acted by the food traceability participants to select the sorting node together, and the cross-chain request completing unit 960 is specifically configured to: after the notary executes the multiple signatures, the transaction is sent to a relay chain for data verification; after the relay chain is successfully verified, converting the data structure, and converting the data structure of the traceability block chain into the data structure of the private chain of the third party mechanism; and carrying out multiple signatures on the transaction by the notary, and transferring to the private chain of the third party institution.

The detailed description of each unit may be referred to the corresponding description in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the food information tracing device based on blockchain provided in this embodiment solves the problems of modification and upgrade of intelligent contracts in real scenes, designs a multi-chain technology according to different application scenes by researching and analyzing different blockchain technologies, completes transmission and exchange of information among a plurality of blockchains, ensures privacy and security of data, and solves the single blockchain island problem. Finally, the method and the device can simultaneously combine the on-chain and off-chain information storage management in links such as production, processing, storage, transportation and sales of food, ensure safe and reliable storage of food information, and meet the food traceability requirement in a real scene.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a food information traceability system based on a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present application, where the architecture of the system includes: the physical layer 110, the data layer 120, the platform layer 130, and the application layer 140 are each separately described below in the architecture.

The physical layer 110 includes a plurality of hardware devices for acquiring food information according to the internet of things technology, and can acquire various information related to food, for example, the hardware devices can include a radio frequency device, an article and fingerprint identification device, various application sensors, various information acquisition terminals or other internet of things application devices, and the like.

The data layer 120 includes an under-chain relational database, an under-chain file server and a blockchain storage node, and since there are more pictures, videos and other large files in the food tracing data, and the blockchain network has limited data storage, the present application designs a mode of combining on-chain and under-chain data, specifically: the link-down relational database is used for storing non-traceable data, the link-down file server is used for storing traceable pictures and videos, and the blockchain storage node is used for storing traceable data (a small amount of traceable information required by traceability regulations, such as batch numbers, traceable results, production places, inspection dates and the like), traceable picture hash values and traceable video hash values.

For example, the content stored in the blockchain for the raw material provider, producer, shipping unit, warehousing unit, and seller can be distributed as shown in tables 1-5 above.

The under-chain certificate picture data table of the under-chain file server is shown in table 7, and the hash value of the under-chain certificate picture data table is stored in the blockchain for data verification by storing related original data such as certificate photos, shipment, processed video and the like with larger capacity under the chain, so that the data can be prevented from being tampered.

TABLE 7 under-chain certificate Picture data Table

Field name	Meaning of field	Field type
			id	Main key	int
participant_id	Participant identity	varchar
			photo	Certificate picture	longblob

The platform layer 130 is mainly used for performing account and authority management, log management, enterprise management, traceability node management and data analysis of food traceability participants, and in practical application, a food traceability platform can be constructed to incorporate all parties involved in the whole circulation link of food into the platform management.

The application layer 140 is used to establish an interactive interface with a third party user or institution. The third party user is mainly a consumer who needs to perform food traceability query, and the platform can build a traceability consumer information query system to provide a query path for the consumer. The third party organization may include an organization associated with regulatory responsibilities for food circulation, and the system may interact with systems of the organizations across chains, i.e., with blockchains where the organizations are located, including, but not limited to, food detection organization data management systems, food information collection management systems, enterprise data management systems, etc.

Preferably, the food tracing participants in the food information tracing system of the embodiment include: raw material suppliers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units, sellers and consumer customers. The raw material provider, the producer, the transportation unit, the storage unit and the seller in the food traceability participant are used as network nodes to form a Fabric blockchain network (see fig. 7), each food traceability participant in the Fabric blockchain network is composed of two peer nodes, and the Fabric blockchain network further comprises a sorting service network which is composed of five sorting nodes through a consensus mechanism.

As one embodiment of the invention, all the nodes described above run on the third party virtual machine ubuntu18 version 64-bit operating system. The virtual machine is allocated Intel (R) Core (TM) i7-7700HQ CPU@2.80GHz and 32GB of memory. Nodes of individual participants are deployed and maintained using a Docker container, which is a Fabric-supporting container environment. The specific steps of the Fabric block chain network creation are as follows in step 1 to step 5:

step 1: participant identity encryption material is created. Different participants in the blockchain network include peer nodes, ordering nodes, client applications, administrators, etc., each participant (active elements within or outside the network that can use services) has a digital identity encapsulated in an x.509 digital certificate. The configuration file crypto-config. Yaml defines basic information such as ordering service nodes, organization nodes, etc. The encrypted digital identity information is generated by using a cryptogen binary command.

Step 2: generating the century block. The first block in the blockchain is called the creative block. Although it does not contain any user transactions, it is the starting point for the ledger. The creation block contains a configuration transaction that contains network initialization configuration information. Through a configtx.yaml configuration file, endorsement policies, ordering service information, etc. may be configured.

Step 3: the network is started. The network is started through a Docker container, and a configuration file Docker-composition.yaml defines information such as images and the like required by each node in the network.

Step 4: create a channel and join. The peer and ordering nodes are now running on the machine, and a path can be created between the organizations by peer channel create command. A channel is a private layer of communication between specific network members. Each channel has a separate blockchain ledger.

Step 5: issuing a chain code (smart contract) to the channel. The chain code is first installed on an organization's nodes and then deployed into the channel, which can be used to endorse transactions and interact with the blockchain ledger. Before deploying the chain code to the channel, the channel members need to agree on a chain code definition that establishes chain code management. When the required number of organizations agree, the chain code definition may be submitted to the channel and then the chain code may be used.

In the Fabric blockchain network, five organizations exist in food circulation, and the relationship between them is: the raw material suppliers send raw materials to production processors; the production and processing manufacturers need to process, produce and store food; the transport party is responsible for transporting food and goods between the participants; the warehouse side needs to store food; the seller purchases and sells the products from the processor. The manufacturer may wish to conduct a private transaction with the raw material provider to keep the transaction terms secret from the seller (so as not to expose the added value they charge). The seller may also wish to establish a separate private data relationship with the manufacturer because it charges a price less than the sales price. The warehouse party may also want to establish private data relationships with the production processor and the vendor.

In the Fabric blockchain network, compared with the method of establishing each channel for each special relation, the method adopts a mode of defining a plurality of private data sets to realize sharing of private data, and specifically, a first private data set can be defined between a raw material provider and a producer in the Fabric blockchain network; defining a second set of private data for the vendor and the manufacturer; defining a third private data set for the warehousing unit, the manufacturer and the seller; the food trace participants may share private data with each other in the private data collection. Private data, by using collections among members in the channel, achieves the same privacy capabilities as the channel and without creating and maintaining separate channels, reducing the complexity of the overall transaction.

Tables 8-10 below exemplify the data structures of the first, second, and third private data sets:

TABLE 8 manufacturer and raw Material supplier private data sheet

Field name	Meaning of field	Field type
			producer	Manufacturer (S)	varchar
supplier	Raw material supplier	varchar
			material	Raw material information	varchar
price	Raw material unit price	double
			time	Transaction time	date

TABLE 9 vendor and manufacturer private data sheet

Field name	Meaning of field	Field type
			retailer	Selling merchant	varchar
producer	Manufacturer (S)	varchar
			commodity	Commodity information	varchar
price	Commodity unit price	double
			time	Transaction time	date

TABLE 10 warehouse Unit, manufacturer and vendor private data sheet

In the Fabric blockchain network, the intelligent contract is the key for completing the blockchain data processing logic, and the application can use the Go language to write the intelligent contract, and the application divides the intelligent contract into an agent contract, a data contract, a logic contract and a permission contract. The proxy contract records the address of the data contract and the logic, and forwards the user transaction to the logic contract for processing through the proxy call.

In this embodiment, the api may be provided by a shim (shim. Com/hyperlecher/fabric-char-code-go/shim) package to access its state variables, transaction context, and invoke other smart contracts. The process of the food traceability contract algorithm based on the block chain is mainly as follows, wherein the input parameter fcn is the name of an intelligent contract method, peers is peer node information in a Fabric block chain network, chaincodeName is the name of a deployed intelligent contract chain code, and the chain code is commonly used for processing business logic commonly accepted by members in the Fabric block chain, namely the intelligent contract. The channel name is the name of the block chain network channel defined in Fabric, the args is the request parameter of the intelligent contract method, and the token is the user identity information.

Algorithm 1: intelligent contract calling flow

Input: (fcn, peers, chaincodeName, channelName, args, token)

And (3) outputting: x is X

step4: checking intelligent contract method parameters args;

step6: and outputting an execution return result X.

In this embodiment, the intelligent contract in the Fabric blockchain network is divided into a proxy contract, a data contract and a logic contract, so that modularization of the whole contract is realized, decoupling is realized, and each part can be called mutually. The proxy contract is responsible for providing calls to the outside, calling the logic processing contract inside, the logic contract is responsible for completing the processing work of the data, and the data contract is responsible for storing the data to be actually stored. Because the embodiment decouples the contracts, even if only part of the logic contracts is upgraded, the functions of other contract modules are not affected, and thus the expansion is provided for subsequent contract upgrades.

Wherein the upgrade of the logic contract includes operations as shown in FIG. 12:

step S1201: packaging the new logic contract code into a new intelligent contract package through a command peer lifecycle chaincode package in Fabric;

step S1202: installing the new logical contract onto a peer node through peer lifecycle chaincode install;

step S1203: the organization of the food traceability participant initiates a consent permission command through peer lifecycle chaincode approveformyorg;

step S1204: the logical contract upgrade operation is completed by submitting the contract through peer lifecycle chaincode commit.

In this embodiment, since the food information tracing system needs to meet the requirement of checking by other authorities with administrative responsibility, the food information tracing system of this embodiment further includes a cross-chain platform connecting a plurality of blockchain networks to the Fabric blockchain network, and as shown in fig. 13, the food tracing cross-chain platform interface provided in this embodiment of the present application relates to a structural schematic diagram. The applicant discovers that a cross-chain platform can meet the basic data transmission of a cross-chain only by comprising an initialization interface, a read interface and a write interface through abstract condensation of the cross-chain behavior, but carries the tasks of cross-chain trusted verification and cross-chain transaction assurance on the basis of cross-chain access besides acquiring and sending data, and the functions of block head synchronization, cross-chain transaction verification, cross-chain event monitoring and the like are relied on. Therefore, the applicant further abstracts the condensation based on the cross-chain interaction process, so that the cross-chain platform of the embodiment further comprises the following interaction interfaces: the method comprises the steps of acquiring a block high interface, acquiring the block high interface and registering a time interface. Wherein: the initialization interface is used for initializing the cross-chain resources; the read interface is used for acquiring information on a chain when facing a read-only scene; the write interface is used for updating on-chain data when a transaction scene is initiated to cross-chain; the block height obtaining interface is used for inquiring the current block height to complete block head synchronization; the block acquisition interface is used for inquiring block header information to finish cross-chain transaction verification; the registration event interface is used for monitoring the cross-chain event.

By the aid of the 6 interfaces for interaction between the upper layer service and the bottom layer, information links between the service layer and the blockchains can be opened, meanwhile, differences of different blockchain platforms in interface access protocols are shielded for cross-chain applications, and interaction with multiple blockchains can be completed through unified data protocols and calling formats.

Preferably, based on the food information tracing system, as shown in fig. 14, a consumer can trace food information as follows:

step S1401: the consumer inputs the food number through the traceability application and clicks the traceability query;

step S1402: the traceability application submits transactions to the Fabric blockchain network through the SDK and calls intelligent contracts, and the endorsement node runs the intelligent contracts in a specified container;

the traceability application can be developed based on the Fabric node.js SDK, and in addition, when a user accesses the blockchain intelligent contract through the Fabric node.js SDK, the user needs to have digital identity information packaged in X.509, and the creation of the identity information needs to pass the agreement of an organization in the blockchain, namely, the user needs to use the identity encryption material of the organization to perform authentication. When a user sends a request, the user identity is first verified to be correct, and then the specified intelligent contract method can be accessed through the identity information, the channel name and the method name.

Step S1403: the tracing application sends the transaction to the ordering node after receiving enough endorsements;

step S1404: the ordering node packages the transaction request and then broadcasts the transaction request to other nodes in the network;

step S1405: the node performs final inspection on the transaction, and writes the transaction into an account book after the transaction passes.

As can be seen from the above description, the food information traceability system provided by the application solves the problems of modification and upgrading of intelligent contracts in a real scene, designs a multi-chain technology according to different application scenes by researching and analyzing different block chain technologies, completes transmission and exchange of information among a plurality of block chains, ensures privacy and safety of data, and solves the problem of single block chain island. Finally, the method and the device can simultaneously combine the on-chain and off-chain information storage management in links such as production, processing, storage, transportation and sales of food, ensure safe and reliable storage of food information, and meet the food traceability requirement in a real scene.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a food information tracing method, which comprises the following steps: consumer customers and regulatory authorities perform food information traceability through the food information traceability system described above.

The embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the method when executing the program.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product comprising a computer program/instruction which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the above method.

As shown in fig. 15, the electronic device 600 may further include: a communication module 110, an input unit 120, an audio processor 130, a display 160, a power supply 170. It is noted that the electronic device 600 need not include all of the components shown in fig. 15; in addition, the electronic device 600 may further include components not shown in fig. 15, to which reference is made to the related art.

As shown in fig. 15, the central processor 100, sometimes also referred to as a controller or operational control, may include a microprocessor or other processor device and/or logic device, which central processor 100 receives inputs and controls the operation of the various components of the electronic device 600.

The memory 140 may be, for example, one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or other suitable device. The information about failure may be stored, and a program for executing the information may be stored. And the central processor 100 can execute the program stored in the memory 140 to realize information storage or processing, etc.

The input unit 120 provides an input to the central processor 100. The input unit 120 is, for example, a key or a touch input device. The power supply 170 is used to provide power to the electronic device 600. The display 160 is used for displaying display objects such as images and characters. The display may be, for example, but not limited to, an LCD display.

The memory 140 may be a solid state memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), random Access Memory (RAM), SIM card, or the like. But also a memory which holds information even when powered down, can be selectively erased and provided with further data, an example of which is sometimes referred to as EPROM or the like. Memory 140 may also be some other type of device. Memory 140 includes a buffer memory 141 (sometimes referred to as a buffer). The memory 140 may include an application/function storage 142, the application/function storage 142 for storing application programs and function programs or a flow for executing operations of the electronic device 600 by the central processor 100.

The memory 140 may also include a data store 143, the data store 143 for storing data, such as contacts, digital data, pictures, sounds, and/or any other data used by the electronic device. The driver storage 144 of the memory 140 may include various drivers of the electronic device for communication functions and/or for performing other functions of the electronic device (e.g., messaging applications, address book applications, etc.).

The communication module 110 is a transmitter/receiver 110 that transmits and receives signals via an antenna 111. A communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is coupled to the central processor 100 to provide an input signal and receive an output signal, which may be the same as in the case of a conventional mobile communication terminal.

Based on different communication technologies, a plurality of communication modules 110, such as a cellular network module, a bluetooth module, and/or a wireless local area network module, etc., may be provided in the same electronic device. The communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is also coupled to a speaker 131 and a microphone 132 via an audio processor 130 to provide audio output via the speaker 131 and to receive audio input from the microphone 132 to implement usual telecommunication functions. The audio processor 130 may include any suitable buffers, decoders, amplifiers and so forth. In addition, the audio processor 130 is also coupled to the central processor 100 so that sound can be recorded locally through the microphone 132 and so that sound stored locally can be played through the speaker 131.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based food information tracing method, the method comprising:

receiving traceability data, traceability pictures and traceability videos written by food traceability participants, wherein the food traceability participants comprise raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units and sellers;

Storing the tracing picture and the tracing video into a file server under a chain, and executing a data creation intelligent contract to store the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a storage node of a tracing block chain;

receiving a traceable query request sent by a consumer;

and executing the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete food information tracing.

2. The blockchain-based food information tracing method of claim 1, wherein the executing the data creation smart contract stores the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture, and the hash value of the tracing video in a blockchain storage node comprises:

invoking the proxy contract to start executing the data creation step;

the proxy contract delegates the logic contract to perform data creation processing;

and the logic contract acquires a data contract address from the proxy contract, and modifies the data contract based on the data contract address to finish the operation of storing the tracing data, the hash value of the tracing picture and the hash value of the tracing video into a blockchain storage node.

3. The method for tracing the food information based on the blockchain as in claim 1, wherein executing the intelligent contract for data query according to the tracing query request to trace the food information comprises:

Calling an agent contract to start executing the food information tracing inquiry step according to the tracing inquiry request;

the agent contract delegates to the logic contract to perform food information tracing inquiry;

the logic contract obtains a data contract address from the proxy contract and inquires the tracing data of the data contract based on the data contract address;

the logic contract returns the traceability data to the proxy contract;

the proxy contract presents the traceable data to the consuming user.

4. A blockchain-based food information tracing method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the upgrade of the logic contract is limited by a rights contract, the logic contract upgrade being triggered after a predetermined number of food tracing participants have signed consent.

5. The blockchain-based food information traceability method of claim 1, wherein private data is shared among the raw material provider and the manufacturer, the seller and the manufacturer by defining a private data set among the warehousing unit, the manufacturer and the seller.

6. The blockchain-based food information traceability method of claim 1, further comprising:

Receiving a cross-chain traceability query request of a third party mechanism;

and completing the cross-chain traceability query request based on cross-chain interaction of the combination of the notary mode and the relay chain mode.

7. The blockchain-based food information tracing method of claim 6, wherein notary is acted by the food tracing participants to select ordering nodes together, wherein the cross-chain interaction based on a combination of notary mode and relay chain mode completes the cross-chain tracing query request comprises:

after the notary executes the multiple signatures, the transaction is sent to a relay chain for data verification;

after the relay chain is successfully verified, converting the data structure, and converting the data structure of the traceability block chain into the data structure of the private chain of the third party mechanism;

and carrying out multiple signatures on the transaction by the notary, and transferring to the private chain of the third party institution.

8. A blockchain-based food information traceability device, the device comprising:

the data receiving unit is used for receiving the traceability data, the traceability pictures and the traceability video written by the food traceability participants, wherein the food traceability participants comprise raw material providers, manufacturers, transportation units, warehousing units and sellers;

The storage unit is used for storing the tracing pictures and the tracing videos into a file server under a chain, executing data creation intelligent contracts and storing the tracing data, the hash values of the tracing pictures and the hash values of the tracing videos into storage nodes of a tracing block chain;

the query request receiving unit is used for receiving a traceable query request sent by a user;

and the tracing unit is used for executing the data query intelligent contract according to the tracing query request to complete food information tracing.

9. A blockchain-based food information traceability system, the system comprising:

the system comprises a physical layer, a data layer, a platform layer and an application layer, wherein the physical layer comprises a plurality of hardware devices for acquiring food information by means of the Internet of things technology; the data layer comprises an under-chain relational database, an under-chain file server and a storage node of a tracing block chain, wherein the under-chain relational database is used for storing non-tracing data, the under-chain file server is used for storing tracing pictures and videos, and the storage node of the tracing block chain is used for storing tracing data, tracing picture hash values and tracing video hash values; the platform layer is used for carrying out account and authority management, log management, enterprise management, traceability node management and data analysis of food traceability participants; the application layer is used for establishing an interactive interface with a third party user or organization.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-7 when the computer program is executed by the processor.

11. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-7.