CN116187605A - Bus network line selection method based on GIS technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A bus network route selection method based on GIS technology comprises the following steps: obtaining and calculating basic data, measuring and calculating public traffic technical indexes, constructing an urban traffic network, determining a current bus corridor, predicting a bus corridor in the coming year, optimizing a bus network and evaluating a bus effect; the bus network route selection method can provide reasonable network structure and network layout adjustment scheme for the current bus network conveniently, can obtain the bus corridor of the next year according to the traveling demands of residents in the future, can make the bus network layout of the next stage in advance, and can perform staged index evaluation on the bus network layout, so that the public can be served better, and the public resource utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Bus network line selection method based on GIS technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of urban public transportation planning, in particular to a bus network route selection method based on a GIS technology.

Background

In recent years, with the development of economy and society and the acceleration of urban process, the problems of urban traffic jam, inconvenient mass travel and the like are increasingly highlighted, and the preferential development of public traffic is the necessary requirement for relieving the traffic jam and converting the urban traffic development mode. An important carrier of the urban public system is a public transportation network, and how to scientifically analyze the conventional public transportation network, so that optimization suggestions are provided, and the urban public system has important significance for improving the running efficiency of the conventional public transportation and improving the attraction of the conventional public transportation. The public transportation of the developed city needs to optimize the public transportation network, and the matching condition of the public transportation network arrangement and the traveling demand among cells is an important index for evaluating the public transportation network, which directly reflects whether the configuration of public transportation resources is reasonable. At present, the existing bus network route selection mode is high in acquisition difficulty and high in cost. The traditional public transportation network layout method is limited by experience and subjective preference of planners, and is not applicable to the current big data age.

For the reasons, a bus network route selection method based on GIS technology is developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a bus network route selection method based on a GIS technology, which can provide a reasonable network structure and network layout adjustment scheme for the current bus network conveniently, can obtain a bus corridor of the coming year according to the traveling demands of residents in the coming year, can make the bus network layout of the next stage in advance, and can evaluate the stage indexes of the bus network layout, so that the public service masses can be better, and the public resource utilization efficiency is improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a bus network route selection method based on GIS technology comprises the following steps: basic data acquisition and calculation, measurement and calculation of public transportation technical indexes, construction of an urban traffic network, determination of a current bus corridor, prediction of a bus corridor in the future year, optimization of a bus network and bus effect evaluation.

Basic data acquisition and calculation:

step one, administrative area data acquisition: polygonal geographic space data of a planning administrative area required by the visual platform of the Arian cloud data are downloaded, the file is in a GeoJson format, and the QGIS is used for converting the GeoJson format file into a shp format file;

Secondly, obtaining road network data: opening an OSM (open service model) functional network, clicking the export of the upper left corner, then, generating a functional frame, clicking the Geofabrib downloading option on the left side of the clicking functional frame, clicking Asia on the next page, listing all Asian country data items, selecting a China, shp.zip format by country, and clicking for downloading; cutting the road network data based on administrative division by using a cutting tool, wherein input elements are road network data downloaded by an OSM (open system management), and cutting elements are downloaded planning administrative division data;

thirdly, acquiring bus data: applying a Key Key at a Goldweb end on a Golddevelopment platform, crawling a Goldbus line and a station by using a Python tool, analyzing by using BeautiffulSoup by using a requests request, acquiring required station data, acquiring longitude and latitude coordinates of the station by using a Goldapi after the required bus station is obtained, analyzing json files by using a pandas, and converting a GoldMars coordinate system into a wgs coordinate system; converting the acquired public transportation csv file into shp by using ARCGIS, and acquiring related data such as lines, shifts, passenger traffic, bus stops, bus lanes and the like with a bus company;

fourth, subway data are acquired: applying for a Web service Key Key on a Gaode development platform, crawling the name, longitude and latitude information of each site of each line by using Python, exporting the name and longitude and latitude information to a text file, and calling an Arcpy function to generate an SHP file;

Fifth, obtaining POI data: applying for Web service Key Key in Golddevelopment platform, downloading Goldmap POI classification and editingCode tableThe method comprises the steps of classifying and coding POIs, modifying a city coding table, modifying a result output path in the code, the position of the POI classifying and coding table, an API_KEY of a Goldmap, the name of the city of the POI to be searched, the name of the county of the POI to be searched, and then running; converting the acquired bus xls file into an SHP file by using ARCGIS;

screening important suction sources according to the crawled POI data, and selecting important hospitals, markets, schools, communities and scenic spots as main suction sources;

sixth, obtaining the population density of the current situation: downloading world population density map of WorldPop, cutting the downloaded TIF file in ARCGIS, selecting a planning area range in the cutting range, selecting colors in 'color bands', and re-plotting;

seventh, the current land utilization is obtained: the method comprises the steps of obtaining in local related departments, natural resource department officials or obtaining in resource environment science and data centers, geospatial data clouds, globeLand30 and OSM Landuse Landcover scientific data websites;

eighth, population post calculation: after the current land utilization map is obtained, according to the land utilization property, calculating land population by adopting a land planning population quantity = building area/household building area-household population quantity formula; calculating the post people-average building area, and checking by combining with the actual planning area; according to population and GDP data of each region, a TRANSCAD model is adopted for prediction, and population post of 3-5 years in the future is predicted;

Calculating bus technical indexes:

firstly, calculating the wire mesh density: integrating all bus lines into a central line of a road by using an integrating tool in ARCGIS, merging repeated bus lines by using an integrating tool to obtain a bus network, cutting the bus lines according to the range of each administrative area by using a cutting tool, counting the network length of each administrative area, and calculating the network density of each administrative area according to the formula bus network density = bus network length/area;

secondly, calculating a net repetition coefficient: cutting the obtained public transportation line network and the original public transportation line, calculating line network repetition coefficients and average repetition coefficients of each administrative area according to the formula line network repetition coefficient = line total length/line total length, and analyzing the repetition degree of the public transportation line by using tool line density analysis;

thirdly, calculating non-linear coefficients: adding an X coordinate field, calculating a line starting point X coordinate by adopting a calculation geometry, calculating a starting point Y coordinate and a finishing point X, Y coordinate, calculating a line straight line length by using the calculated starting point Y coordinate, and calculating non-straight line coefficients of each bus line by adopting a formula non-straight line coefficient=line length/line straight line length;

fourth, calculating the line length: newly building a file geographic database in ARCGIS, importing the crawled bus route and bus station SHP files by a right key, selecting a ground 2000 projection coordinate system by coordinates, and newly adding length and area fields into an attribute table;

Fifthly, calculating site coverage rate: selecting 300 meters and 500 meters of distances by adopting a tool multi-ring buffer area to generate a bus station service range, fusing all station buffer rings into a whole by adopting a fusion tool, and calculating 300 meters and 500 meters of station coverage according to the formula station coverage = station total area/built-up area;

sixthly, bus and rail connection conditions: selecting subway stations by using a position-based selection tool, selecting bus stations by using a target layer, selecting 500 meters by using a search range, primarily screening subway connection bus stations, optimizing the names and positions of the stations of the selected bus stations, counting the connection bus lines of each subway station, counting the number of each bus line and the subway connection stations, and counting the parallel condition of the bus lines;

building an urban traffic network:

the first step, breaking the road, the subway line and the bus line: breaking the road at the intersection, starting to edit the road, selecting the road completely, and selecting a high-grade editing tool and a broken intersection tool from more editing tools; breaking the subway line at the subway station, and breaking the road and the subway line at the subway station by using a point parting line tool; breaking a bus line at a bus stop, and breaking the bus line by using a tool point dividing line;

Secondly, creating a virtual subway, a bus station, a subway and a bus transfer chain: creating a virtual subway station and a virtual subway transfer chain so as to connect a subway network and a road network; adding field uniqueness in a subway station attribute table, marking, adding a start point X coordinate and a terminal point Y coordinate, calculating X, Y coordinates of each subway station by using calculation geometry, creating a virtual subway station by using a neighbor analysis and XY event layer creating tool, combining tool operations of the two tools by using an ARCGIS model constructor, creating a neighbor creating tool newly, and importing the tool operations into a file database after the creation is completed; newly adding an end point X coordinate and an end point Y coordinate in the virtual subway station, creating a virtual subway transfer chain by using an XY line transferring tool, and creating a virtual bus station and a bus transfer chain;

thirdly, breaking the road again: breaking the road at the virtual subway station and the virtual bus station by using the point parting line;

fourth, calculating the transit time of roads, subways and buses:

adding running time in min to roads, subways and buses, and calculating by using a formula

Adding transfer time in min to a virtual subway transfer chain and a bus transfer chain, and calculating by using a formula

Fifthly, newly creating an element data set: in a file geographic database, newly creating an element data set, selecting a ground 2000 projection coordinate system according to coordinates, and importing processed road network, subway lines, subway stations, virtual subway transfer chains, bus lines, bus stations, virtual bus stations and virtual bus transfer chain related elements;

sixth, constructing a multi-mode traffic network: in the element data set, a network data set is newly built by a right key, all the participated elements are selected, a turning model selects general turning, which means that all intersections turn randomly, seven groups are required to be arranged when connectivity is arranged, after the networks are grouped, the networks in each group are relatively independent, namely, traffic flows cannot flow from one group to the other group unless two groups share a punctiform network element, and at the moment, the traffic flows can be transmitted between the groups only through the shared element; wherein connectivity policy-connectivity at the intersection, i.e. the element has a higher connectivity right, it does not follow the connectivity properties of the intersection, either [ road ] or [ subway ], it connects to the edges of the sets of networks at any coinciding node; adding a time attribute, clicking an assigner, changing the type into a field, changing the value into the vehicle time or the transfer time, temporarily not establishing the driving direction, and completing the next step; setting a one-way road: some roads are unidirectional roads, which need to be set independently, a new field is created in road elements, the data type is short integer, and the default value is 0; selecting a symbology in the attribute, changing the style into [ Arrow Right Mid-dle ], displaying the driving direction of the road, and assigning 1 or-1 to the one-way road Oneway field, wherein 1 only allows the traffic along the direction of the road Arrow, and-1 only allows the traffic along the opposite direction of the road Arrow;

Road restriction is required to be added in the network attribute, and the use type is [ restriction ], namely the attribute is to restrict network traffic; collusion [ default use ], which defaults to all network analytics

Selecting an assigner, and setting the types of the roads from one to one and from one to one as fields; right click [ from one to two ], select [ value ] → [ attribute. ], reveal [ field assigner ]; the column carries [ value= [ restricted ];

column input of [ pre-logic VB script code ]:

restricted＝False

If[Oneway]＝-1Then restricted＝True

similarly, the method comprises the following steps of; right click [ to one self ], select [ value → [ attribute. ], reveal [ field assigner ]; the column carries [ value= [ restricted ];

column input of [ pre-logic VB script code ]:

restricted＝False

If[Oneway]＝1Then restricted＝True

adding forbidden turns:

newly creating turning element types, setting the names of turning at the intersections, selecting the turning elements of the names, selecting the network data sets of the turning element types, and selecting the traffic network;

a turning element is compiled, and left turning is forbidden when a small road from north to south enters a main road; utilizing the capturing, clicking a small road and an intersection in sequence, and then double clicking a main road to draw a left-turning traffic track;

drawing turning elements, and prohibiting the main road from turning around; utilizing the capturing to click the main road and the turning-around place in sequence, then click the main road again after turning around, and drawing a turning-around passing track;

Right click [ traffic network → [ attribute. ] to [ network dataset attribute ] → [ turn ];

because the element class belongs to the traffic network when being created, if not, a turning element class is added to the network by clicking the add button, the attribute is selected to participate in all network analysis by default, the turn limit is selected to the value of the assigner, the type of the turn of the intersection is set as a constant, and the value is set as the limit, namely the position where the element exists is not turned in the element direction;

adding crossing red light time: step 1, right click [ traffic network ] → [ attribute. ] to [ network dataset attribute ]; step 2, cutting [ attribute ] → [ vehicle running time ] → [ assigner ]; step 3, cutting the attribute of turning to the general turning delay;

setting average passing time in each direction in seconds, wherein the step of (straight from place to place without passing through any road) means that two roads are connected end to end, no road port exists at the joint, and the passing time is generally 0;

Adding a highway: adding an F_Elev (starting point height) and a T_Elev (end point height) elevation field on a road, setting a high-speed road section to be 1, setting one end of a high-speed entrance road section to be 1, and setting the rest routes to be 0;

determining the current bus corridor:

firstly, inputting bus data: information such as passenger flow in recent years, up-and-down passenger flow of each station, shift, peak departure interval, flat departure interval and the like of a public transport line is recorded;

secondly, analyzing bus data: taking the passenger volume of a bus stop as the passenger volume of a section of the previous bus stop, counting the annual passenger volume of each section of a bus line, mapping the annual passenger volume of the bus section onto a road by using a space connection tool, and counting the bus passenger volume of each road;

according to the method, the operation quantity, the shift situation and the driver situation of the public transportation lines of each road are determined, the total operation situation of the public transportation lines of each road is determined by adopting a weighted average method, the weight is determined by adopting an expert evaluation method, so as to determine the current public transportation corridor,

predicting bus hallways in the coming year: predicting future travel demands through a trans cad software based on GIS secondary development by using a four-stage traffic demand prediction method, selecting a bus passenger flow distribution method based on traffic cells, and determining a bus corridor of the coming year according to distribution flow after traffic distribution;

Firstly, establishing a bus route system: establishing a traffic cell layer, a road layer, a walking network layer, a bus route layer, a bus stop layer and attribute information of the traffic cell layer, the road layer, the walking network layer, the bus route layer and the bus stop layer;

secondly, adding bus attribute data: activating the route system as a current layer, opening a data window, and filling fields of 'Mode', 'Headway', 'Variance', 'fire', 'xfire', 'capability' respectively;

thirdly, site layer relaxation node layer association: ensuring that a "Nearode" field has been established to store node numbers at the line site level prior to operation; executing a Transit-Tag Stops to Node command; selecting a 'Nearnode' field In a 'Store In' drop-down list frame, setting a Search Distance In a 'Search Distance' text frame, and automatically filling a single machine 'OK' and 'Nearnode', wherein the site layer and the node layer are associated;

fourth, establishing a walking network selection set: 1) Activating a road network layer as a current layer, executing a Select-Select by Location command, and opening a dialog box; 2) Selecting a Route stop Layer in a Layer drop-down list frame, setting a bus station attraction range in a Select Street features list frame, inputting a Walking Links in a Selection Set list frame, and storing a single machine OK; 3) Activating the road node layer as the current layer, executing a Select-Select by Location command, and opening a dialog box; 4) Selecting a Route Stops Layer in a Layer drop-down list frame, setting an attraction range of a walking network node in a Select Node features list frame, selecting a Walk Nodes in a Selection Set drop-down list frame, clicking OK, storing and completing the establishment of a walking network Selection Set;

Fifthly, creating a public transport network, 1) activating a public transport route layer as a current layer, executing a Transit-Create Transit Network command, and opening a dialog box; 2) In the "Network Variables" list, select "IVTT" in the "Stop Fields" list, select all Fields in the "Route Fields" list, select "Nearode" in the "Stop Fields" list, select "Nearode" in the "Using Node IDs in" list, select "Walking Links" in the "Non-Transit Links" list, click "OK", pop up the network setup dialog; 3) In a network setting dialog box, setting network parameters including cost, parking transfer, waiting time and the like according to actual public transport data, selecting a radio button of 'Create Centroids from selection set' in a 'Centroids' list box, selecting a corresponding centroid point in a pull-down list box, and clicking 'OK', so that public transport network creation is completed;

step six, bus passenger flow distribution, 1) opening a bus route system and a bus O-D matrix file, activating a bus route layer as a current layer, executing a Transit-Transit Assignment command, and opening a dialog box; 2) Selecting a user balanced distribution Method in a drop-down list frame of a Method, selecting an O-D Matrix in a Matrix File list frame, and selecting a Based on Node Layer radio button to identify that the bus O-D is based on a road node layer; a single machine 'Network' button, in which a generalized impedance function and related parameters can be set, and an 'Options' button is clicked; 3) In the dialog box, check boxes of 'Compute Boarding Counts', 'Create Flow Themes', 'Variables' are checked, the up and down passenger flow is calculated respectively, a bus distribution flow diagram is created to calculate primary bus operation indexes, in the 'shimming' list box, the index quantity required to be calculated can be selected, and 'OK' is clicked; 4) After the distribution is completed, the result is information such as passenger flow on and off buses, passenger flow on sections and the like, and bus corridors in the coming year are determined according to the information;

Optimizing a public transportation network:

step one, grading a public transportation network: carrying out fast line, main line, branch line and microcirculation classification on the current public transport network;

in the attribute table, select [ select by attribute ], fast line filter code:

line length > =20000 AND line length < = 30000AND nonlinear coefficient < = 1.4AND average inter-station distance > = 1200AND average inter-station distance < = 1800 average operation speed > = 25AND peak full rate > = 0.3AND peak full rate < = 0.8AND peak departure interval > = 5AND peak departure interval < = 10;

other bus class screening is as above;

secondly, planning a bus lane and determining: according to future bus corridor and future population post distribution predicted by TC model, determining planned bus lane; the TC predicted data can be exported as SHP files and imported into ARCGIS for analysis;

thirdly, planning a bus station: according to a pre-constructed multi-mode traffic Network, carrying out current bus station position analysis, selecting a new position allocation from a Network analysis, guiding current bus stations into a facility point, guiding each bus station into a request point, solving and analyzing the attraction condition of each bus station to each bus station;

Selecting a new service area, solving the coverage range of each bus station, and guiding which places are areas uncovered by the bus station, so that new bus stations are needed;

fourth, optimizing the public transport network: dividing a central city into 9 large service areas according to city function centers, population post distribution and suction source distribution conditions, and grading to optimize bus routes; when the express line is optimized, the advantage of the special bus track is mainly brought into play according to the realization of the rapid and direct arrival of each large-scale area and large-scale hub, the bus operation efficiency is improved, the coverage of the express line network of the main area of the urban area is enhanced, and the distant view such as the cultivation of passenger flow for the bus main line network can be adjusted; fully covering a suction source, utilizing a bus lane, and then optimizing a line, and determining the shortest path between service areas by selecting a new path so as to guide the line optimization;

other levels of bus route optimization methods are shown according to the steps, the functions of buses at all levels are positioned differently, and the main bus is mainly connected with main urban areas and large passenger flow collecting and distributing points, serves for long-distance travel, and covers main passenger flow corridor of the city and most of suction sources; the branch lines are mainly used for main service center urban resident commuting, and are mainly arranged in main and secondary trunk roads and other secondary passenger flow galleries for the middle-short distance travel demands scattered by hospitals, parks, businesses and institutions, and have the main effects that: the bus service blank is strengthened, and the rail service blank is made up; the micro buses are mainly connected with passenger flow suction sources of living, market, business, employment areas, scenic spots and subway stations, and are mainly arranged on scattered passenger flow passages such as secondary trunk roads, branches and the like, and have the main functions of: connecting the rail, the bus express bus and the bus line with passenger flow, and performing bus travel in the service group;

Fifthly, optimizing the bus station: the method comprises the steps of selecting a new service area, importing a virtual bus station, selecting 300 meters and 10 minutes according to the cost of the new service area, analyzing and setting, and determining the service capacity of the bus station and the coverage condition, wherein the bus station is required to be added in a blank area, and the bus station is required to be reduced in a place with too many bus stations for station setting;

and (3) bus effect evaluation:

firstly, evaluating bus route effect and bus overall network: carrying out multi-mode network construction on the optimized bus route and bus station, and calculating the time cost and the distance cost of the mass centers of all the cells before and after optimization so as to evaluate the overall operation condition of the bus network;

selecting a new OD cost matrix, importing cell centroids from a starting point and a destination point, and solving the total time and distance cost for comparison; calculating bus technical indexes, repeating coefficients and nonlinear coefficients,

and (3) evaluating a single bus line: comparing the technical indexes of the single line;

secondly, evaluating bus stop effects: according to the method of creating a service area, comparing the service range of 10 minutes of a bus station with the coverage range of 300 meters and 500 meters; and calculating the bus stop distance of each line so as to compare the bus stop effect.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the bus network route selection method can provide reasonable network structure and network layout adjustment scheme for the current bus network conveniently, can obtain the bus corridor of the next year according to the traveling demands of residents in the future, can make the bus network layout of the next stage in advance, and can perform staged index evaluation on the bus network layout, so that the public can be served better, and the public resource utilization efficiency is improved.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and embodiments:

example 1

Basic data acquisition and calculation:

step one, administrative area data acquisition: polygonal geographic space data of a planning administrative area required by the visual platform of the Arian cloud data are downloaded, the file is in a GeoJson format, and the QGIS is used for converting the GeoJson format file into a shp format file;

secondly, obtaining road network data: opening an OSM (open service model) functional network, clicking the export of the upper left corner, then, generating a functional frame, clicking the Geofabrib downloading option on the left side of the clicking functional frame, clicking Asia on the next page, listing all Asian country data items, selecting a China, shp.zip format by country, and clicking for downloading; cutting the road network data based on administrative division by using a cutting tool, wherein input elements are road network data downloaded by an OSM (open system management), and cutting elements are downloaded planning administrative division data;

Thirdly, acquiring bus data: applying a Key Key at a Goldweb end on a Golddevelopment platform, crawling a Goldbus line and a station by using a Python tool, analyzing by using BeautiffulSoup by using a requests request, acquiring required station data, acquiring longitude and latitude coordinates of the station by using a Goldapi after the required bus station is obtained, analyzing json files by using a pandas, and converting a GoldMars coordinate system into a wgs coordinate system; converting the acquired public transportation csv file into shp by using ARCGIS, and acquiring related data such as lines, shifts, passenger traffic, bus stops, bus lanes and the like with a bus company;

fourth, subway data are acquired: applying for a Web service Key Key on a Gaode development platform, crawling the name, longitude and latitude information of each site of each line by using Python, exporting the name and longitude and latitude information to a text file, and calling an Arcpy function to generate an SHP file;

fifth, obtaining POI data: applying for Web service Key Key in Golddevelopment platform, downloading Goldmap POI classification and editingCode tableThe method comprises the steps of classifying and coding POIs, modifying a city coding table, modifying a result output path in the code, the position of the POI classifying and coding table, an API_KEY of a Goldmap, the name of the city of the POI to be searched, the name of the county of the POI to be searched, and then running; converting the acquired bus xls file into an SHP file by using ARCGIS;

Screening important suction sources according to the crawled POI data, and selecting important hospitals, markets, schools, communities and scenic spots as main suction sources;

sixth, obtaining the population density of the current situation: downloading world population density map of WorldPop, cutting the downloaded TIF file in ARCGIS, selecting a planning area range in the cutting range, selecting colors in 'color bands', and re-plotting;

seventh, the current land utilization is obtained: the method comprises the steps of obtaining in local related departments, natural resource department officials or obtaining in resource environment science and data centers, geospatial data clouds, globeLand30 and OSM Landuse Landcover scientific data websites;

eighth, population post calculation: after the current land utilization map is obtained, according to the land utilization property, calculating land population by adopting a land planning population quantity = building area/household building area-household population quantity formula; calculating the post people-average building area, and checking by combining with the actual planning area; according to population and GDP data of each region, a TRANSCAD model is adopted for prediction, and population post of 3-5 years in the future is predicted;

calculating bus technical indexes:

firstly, calculating the wire mesh density: integrating all bus lines into a central line of a road by using an integrating tool in ARCGIS, merging repeated bus lines by using an integrating tool to obtain a bus network, cutting the bus lines according to the range of each administrative area by using a cutting tool, counting the network length of each administrative area, and calculating the network density of each administrative area according to the formula bus network density = bus network length/area;

Secondly, calculating a net repetition coefficient: cutting the obtained public transportation line network and the original public transportation line, calculating line network repetition coefficients and average repetition coefficients of each administrative area according to the formula line network repetition coefficient = line total length/line total length, and analyzing the repetition degree of the public transportation line by using tool line density analysis;

thirdly, calculating non-linear coefficients: adding an X coordinate field, calculating a line starting point X coordinate by adopting a calculation geometry, calculating a starting point Y coordinate and a finishing point X, Y coordinate, calculating a line straight line length by using the calculated starting point Y coordinate, and calculating non-straight line coefficients of each bus line by adopting a formula non-straight line coefficient=line length/line straight line length;

fourth, calculating the line length: newly building a file geographic database in ARCGIS, importing the crawled bus route and bus station SHP files by a right key, selecting a ground 2000 projection coordinate system by coordinates, and newly adding length and area fields into an attribute table;

fifthly, calculating site coverage rate: selecting 300 meters and 500 meters of distances by adopting a tool multi-ring buffer area to generate a bus station service range, fusing all station buffer rings into a whole by adopting a fusion tool, and calculating 300 meters and 500 meters of station coverage according to the formula station coverage = station total area/built-up area;

Sixthly, bus and rail connection conditions: selecting subway stations by using a position-based selection tool, selecting bus stations by using a target layer, selecting 500 meters by using a search range, primarily screening subway connection bus stations, optimizing the names and positions of the stations of the selected bus stations, counting the connection bus lines of each subway station, counting the number of each bus line and the subway connection stations, and counting the parallel condition of the bus lines;

building an urban traffic network:

the first step, breaking the road, the subway line and the bus line: breaking the road at the intersection, starting to edit the road, selecting the road completely, and selecting a high-grade editing tool and a broken intersection tool from more editing tools; breaking the subway line at the subway station, and breaking the road and the subway line at the subway station by using a point parting line tool; breaking a bus line at a bus stop, and breaking the bus line by using a tool point dividing line;

secondly, creating a virtual subway, a bus station, a subway and a bus transfer chain: creating a virtual subway station and a virtual subway transfer chain so as to connect a subway network and a road network; adding field uniqueness in a subway station attribute table, marking, adding a start point X coordinate and a terminal point Y coordinate, calculating X, Y coordinates of each subway station by using calculation geometry, creating a virtual subway station by using a neighbor analysis and XY event layer creating tool, combining tool operations of the two tools by using an ARCGIS model constructor, creating a neighbor creating tool newly, and importing the tool operations into a file database after the creation is completed; newly adding an end point X coordinate and an end point Y coordinate in the virtual subway station, creating a virtual subway transfer chain by using an XY line transferring tool, and creating a virtual bus station and a bus transfer chain;

Thirdly, breaking the road again: breaking the road at the virtual subway station and the virtual bus station by using the point parting line;

fourth, calculating the transit time of roads, subways and buses:

adding running time in min to roads, subways and buses, and calculating by using a formula

Adding transfer time in min to a virtual subway transfer chain and a bus transfer chain, and calculating by using a formula

Fifthly, newly creating an element data set: in a file geographic database, newly creating an element data set, selecting a ground 2000 projection coordinate system according to coordinates, and importing processed road network, subway lines, subway stations, virtual subway transfer chains, bus lines, bus stations, virtual bus stations and virtual bus transfer chain related elements;

sixth, constructing a multi-mode traffic network: in the element data set, a network data set is newly built by a right key, all the participated elements are selected, a turning model selects general turning, which means that all intersections turn randomly, seven groups are required to be arranged when connectivity is arranged, after the networks are grouped, the networks in each group are relatively independent, namely, traffic flows cannot flow from one group to the other group unless two groups share a punctiform network element, and at the moment, the traffic flows can be transmitted between the groups only through the shared element; wherein connectivity policy-connectivity at the intersection, i.e. the element has a higher connectivity right, it does not follow the connectivity properties of the intersection, either [ road ] or [ subway ], it connects to the edges of the sets of networks at any coinciding node; adding a time attribute, clicking an assigner, changing the type into a field, changing the value into the vehicle time or the transfer time, temporarily not establishing the driving direction, and completing the next step; setting a one-way road: some roads are unidirectional roads, which need to be set independently, a new field is created in road elements, the data type is short integer, and the default value is 0; selecting a symbology in the attribute, changing the style into [ Arrow Right Mid-dle ], displaying the driving direction of the road, and assigning 1 or-1 to the one-way road Oneway field, wherein 1 only allows the traffic along the direction of the road Arrow, and-1 only allows the traffic along the opposite direction of the road Arrow;

Road restriction is required to be added in the network attribute, and the use type is [ restriction ], namely the attribute is to restrict network traffic; collusion [ default use ], which defaults to all network analytics

Selecting an assigner, and setting the types of the roads from one to one and from one to one as fields; right click [ from one to two ], select [ value ] → [ attribute. ], reveal [ field assigner ]; the column carries [ value= [ restricted ];

column input of [ pre-logic VB script code ]:

restricted＝False

If[Oneway]＝-1Then restricted＝True

similarly, the method comprises the following steps of; right click [ to one self ], select [ value → [ attribute. ], reveal [ field assigner ]; the column carries [ value= [ restricted ];

column input of [ pre-logic VB script code ]:

restricted＝False

If[Oneway]＝1Then restricted＝True

adding forbidden turns:

newly creating turning element types, setting the names of turning at the intersections, selecting the turning elements of the names, selecting the network data sets of the turning element types, and selecting the traffic network;

a turning element is compiled, and left turning is forbidden when a small road from north to south enters a main road; utilizing the capturing, clicking a small road and an intersection in sequence, and then double clicking a main road to draw a left-turning traffic track;

drawing turning elements, and prohibiting the main road from turning around; utilizing the capturing to click the main road and the turning-around place in sequence, then click the main road again after turning around, and drawing a turning-around passing track;

Right click [ traffic network → [ attribute. ] to [ network dataset attribute ] → [ turn ];

because the element class belongs to the traffic network when being created, if not, a turning element class is added to the network by clicking the add button, the attribute is selected to participate in all network analysis by default, the turn limit is selected to the value of the assigner, the type of the turn of the intersection is set as a constant, and the value is set as the limit, namely the position where the element exists is not turned in the element direction;

adding crossing red light time: step 1, right click [ traffic network ] → [ attribute. ] to [ network dataset attribute ]; step 2, cutting [ attribute ] → [ vehicle running time ] → [ assigner ]; step 3, cutting the attribute of turning to the general turning delay;

setting average passing time in each direction in seconds, wherein the step of (straight from place to place without passing through any road) means that two roads are connected end to end, no road port exists at the joint, and the passing time is generally 0;

Adding a highway: adding an F_Elev (starting point height) and a T_Elev (end point height) elevation field on a road, setting a high-speed road section to be 1, setting one end of a high-speed entrance road section to be 1, and setting the rest routes to be 0;

determining the current bus corridor:

firstly, inputting bus data: information such as passenger flow in recent years, up-and-down passenger flow of each station, shift, peak departure interval, flat departure interval and the like of a public transport line is recorded;

secondly, analyzing bus data: taking the passenger volume of a bus stop as the passenger volume of a section of the previous bus stop, counting the annual passenger volume of each section of a bus line, mapping the annual passenger volume of the bus section onto a road by using a space connection tool, and counting the bus passenger volume of each road;

according to the method, the operation quantity, the shift situation and the driver situation of the public transportation lines of each road are determined, the total operation situation of the public transportation lines of each road is determined by adopting a weighted average method, the weight is determined by adopting an expert evaluation method, so as to determine the current public transportation corridor,

predicting bus hallways in the coming year: predicting future travel demands through a trans cad software based on GIS secondary development by using a four-stage traffic demand prediction method, selecting a bus passenger flow distribution method based on traffic cells, and determining a bus corridor of the coming year according to distribution flow after traffic distribution;

Firstly, establishing a bus route system: establishing a traffic cell layer, a road layer, a walking network layer, a bus route layer, a bus stop layer and attribute information of the traffic cell layer, the road layer, the walking network layer, the bus route layer and the bus stop layer;

secondly, adding bus attribute data: activating the route system as a current layer, opening a data window, and filling fields of 'Mode', 'Headway', 'Variance', 'fire', 'xfire', 'capability' respectively;

thirdly, site layer relaxation node layer association: ensuring that a "Nearode" field has been established to store node numbers at the line site level prior to operation; executing a Transit-Tag Stops to Node command; selecting a 'Nearnode' field In a 'Store In' drop-down list frame, setting a Search Distance In a 'Search Distance' text frame, and automatically filling a single machine 'OK' and 'Nearnode', wherein the site layer and the node layer are associated;

fourth, establishing a walking network selection set: 1) Activating a road network layer as a current layer, executing a Select-Select by Location command, and opening a dialog box; 2) Selecting a Route stop Layer in a Layer drop-down list frame, setting a bus station attraction range in a Select Street features list frame, inputting a Walking Links in a Selection Set list frame, and storing a single machine OK; 3) Activating the road node layer as the current layer, executing a Select-Select by Location command, and opening a dialog box; 4) Selecting a Route Stops Layer in a Layer drop-down list frame, setting an attraction range of a walking network node in a Select Node features list frame, selecting a Walk Nodes in a Selection Set drop-down list frame, clicking OK, storing and completing the establishment of a walking network Selection Set;

Fifthly, creating a public transport network, 1) activating a public transport route layer as a current layer, executing a Transit-Create Transit Network command, and opening a dialog box; 2) In the "Network Variables" list, select "IVTT" in the "Stop Fields" list, select all Fields in the "Route Fields" list, select "Nearode" in the "Stop Fields" list, select "Nearode" in the "Using Node IDs in" list, select "Walking Links" in the "Non-Transit Links" list, click "OK", pop up the network setup dialog; 3) In a network setting dialog box, setting network parameters including cost, parking transfer, waiting time and the like according to actual public transport data, selecting a radio button of 'Create Centroids from selection set' in a 'Centroids' list box, selecting a corresponding centroid point in a pull-down list box, and clicking 'OK', so that public transport network creation is completed;

step six, bus passenger flow distribution, 1) opening a bus route system and a bus O-D matrix file, activating a bus route layer as a current layer, executing a Transit-Transit Assignment command, and opening a dialog box; 2) Selecting a user balanced distribution Method in a drop-down list frame of a Method, selecting an O-D Matrix in a Matrix File list frame, and selecting a Based on Node Layer radio button to identify that the bus O-D is based on a road node layer; a single machine 'Network' button, in which a generalized impedance function and related parameters can be set, and an 'Options' button is clicked; 3) In the dialog box, check boxes of 'Compute Boarding Counts', 'Create Flow Themes', 'Variables' are checked, the up and down passenger flow is calculated respectively, a bus distribution flow diagram is created to calculate primary bus operation indexes, in the 'shimming' list box, the index quantity required to be calculated can be selected, and 'OK' is clicked; 4) After the distribution is completed, the result is information such as passenger flow on and off buses, passenger flow on sections and the like, and bus corridors in the coming year are determined according to the information;

Optimizing a public transportation network:

step one, grading a public transportation network: carrying out fast line, main line, branch line and microcirculation classification on the current public transport network;

in the attribute table, select [ select by attribute ], fast line filter code:

line length > =20000 AND line length < = 30000AND nonlinear coefficient < = 1.4AND average inter-station distance > = 1200AND average inter-station distance < = 1800 average operation speed > = 25AND peak full rate > = 0.3AND peak full rate < = 0.8AND peak departure interval > = 5AND peak departure interval < = 10;

other bus class screening is as above;

secondly, planning a bus lane and determining: according to future bus corridor and future population post distribution predicted by TC model, determining planned bus lane; the TC predicted data can be exported as SHP files and imported into ARCGIS for analysis;

thirdly, planning a bus station: according to a pre-constructed multi-mode traffic Network, carrying out current bus station position analysis, selecting a new position allocation from a Network analysis, guiding current bus stations into a facility point, guiding each bus station into a request point, solving and analyzing the attraction condition of each bus station to each bus station;

Selecting a new service area, solving the coverage range of each bus station, and guiding which places are areas uncovered by the bus station, so that new bus stations are needed;

fourth, optimizing the public transport network: dividing a central city into 9 large service areas according to city function centers, population post distribution and suction source distribution conditions, and grading to optimize bus routes; when the express line is optimized, the advantage of the special bus track is mainly brought into play according to the realization of the rapid and direct arrival of each large-scale area and large-scale hub, the bus operation efficiency is improved, the coverage of the express line network of the main area of the urban area is enhanced, and the distant view such as the cultivation of passenger flow for the bus main line network can be adjusted; fully covering a suction source, utilizing a bus lane, and then optimizing a line, and determining the shortest path between service areas by selecting a new path so as to guide the line optimization;

other levels of bus route optimization methods are shown according to the steps, the functions of buses at all levels are positioned differently, and the main bus is mainly connected with main urban areas and large passenger flow collecting and distributing points, serves for long-distance travel, and covers main passenger flow corridor of the city and most of suction sources; the branch lines are mainly used for main service center urban resident commuting, and are mainly arranged in main and secondary trunk roads and other secondary passenger flow galleries for the middle-short distance travel demands scattered by hospitals, parks, businesses and institutions, and have the main effects that: the bus service blank is strengthened, and the rail service blank is made up; the micro buses are mainly connected with passenger flow suction sources of living, market, business, employment areas, scenic spots and subway stations, and are mainly arranged on scattered passenger flow passages such as secondary trunk roads, branches and the like, and have the main functions of: connecting the rail, the bus express bus and the bus line with passenger flow, and performing bus travel in the service group;

Fifthly, optimizing the bus station: the method comprises the steps of selecting a new service area, importing a virtual bus station, selecting 300 meters and 10 minutes according to the cost of the new service area, analyzing and setting, and determining the service capacity of the bus station and the coverage condition, wherein the bus station is required to be added in a blank area, and the bus station is required to be reduced in a place with too many bus stations for station setting;

and (3) bus effect evaluation:

firstly, evaluating bus route effect and bus overall network: carrying out multi-mode network construction on the optimized bus route and bus station, and calculating the time cost and the distance cost of the mass centers of all the cells before and after optimization so as to evaluate the overall operation condition of the bus network;

selecting a new OD cost matrix, importing cell centroids from a starting point and a destination point, and solving the total time and distance cost for comparison; calculating bus technical indexes, repeating coefficients and nonlinear coefficients,

and (3) evaluating a single bus line: comparing the technical indexes of the single line;

secondly, evaluating bus stop effects: according to the method of creating a service area, comparing the service range of 10 minutes of a bus station with the coverage range of 300 meters and 500 meters; and calculating the bus stop distance of each line so as to compare the bus stop effect.

Claims (2)

1. A bus network route selection method based on GIS technology is characterized in that: the flow steps are as follows: basic data acquisition and calculation, measurement and calculation of public transportation technical indexes, construction of an urban traffic network, determination of a current bus corridor, prediction of a bus corridor in the future year, optimization of a bus network and bus effect evaluation.

2. The bus network route selection method based on the GIS technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

basic data acquisition and calculation:

step one, administrative area data acquisition: polygonal geographic space data of a planning administrative area required by the visual platform of the Arian cloud data are downloaded, the file is in a GeoJson format, and the QGIS is used for converting the GeoJson format file into a shp format file;

secondly, obtaining road network data: opening an OSM (open service model) functional network, clicking the export of the upper left corner, then, generating a functional frame, clicking the Geofabrib downloading option on the left side of the clicking functional frame, clicking Asia on the next page, listing all Asian country data items, selecting a China, shp.zip format by country, and clicking for downloading; cutting the road network data based on administrative division by using a cutting tool, wherein input elements are road network data downloaded by an OSM (open system management), and cutting elements are downloaded planning administrative division data;

Thirdly, acquiring bus data: applying a Key Key at a Goldweb end on a Golddevelopment platform, crawling a Goldbus line and a station by using a Python tool, analyzing by using BeautiffulSoup by using a requests request, acquiring required station data, acquiring longitude and latitude coordinates of the station by using a Goldapi after the required bus station is obtained, analyzing json files by using a pandas, and converting a GoldMars coordinate system into a wgs coordinate system; converting the acquired public transportation csv file into shp by using ARCGIS, and acquiring related data such as lines, shifts, passenger traffic, bus stops, bus lanes and the like with a bus company;

fourth, subway data are acquired: applying for a Web service Key Key on a Gaode development platform, crawling the name, longitude and latitude information of each site of each line by using Python, exporting the name and longitude and latitude information to a text file, and calling an Arcpy function to generate an SHP file;

fifth, obtaining POI data: applying for Web service Key Key in Golddevelopment platform, downloading Goldmap POI classification and editingCode tableThe method comprises the steps of classifying and coding POIs, modifying a city coding table, modifying a result output path in the code, the position of the POI classifying and coding table, an API_KEY of a Goldmap, the name of the city of the POI to be searched, the name of the county of the POI to be searched, and then running; converting the acquired bus xls file into an SHP file by using ARCGIS;

Screening important suction sources according to the crawled POI data, and selecting important hospitals, markets, schools, communities and scenic spots as main suction sources;

sixth, obtaining the population density of the current situation: downloading world population density map of WorldPop, cutting the downloaded TIF file in ARCGIS, selecting a planning area range in the cutting range, selecting colors in 'color bands', and re-plotting;

seventh, the current land utilization is obtained: the method comprises the steps of obtaining in local related departments, natural resource department officials or obtaining in resource environment science and data centers, geospatial data clouds, globeLand30 and OSM Landuse Landcover scientific data websites;

eighth, population post calculation: after the current land utilization map is obtained, according to the land utilization property, calculating land population by adopting a land planning population quantity = building area/household building area-household population quantity formula; calculating the post people-average building area, and checking by combining with the actual planning area; according to population and GDP data of each region, a TRANSCAD model is adopted for prediction, and population post of 3-5 years in the future is predicted;

calculating bus technical indexes:

firstly, calculating the wire mesh density: integrating all bus lines into a central line of a road by using an integrating tool in ARCGIS, merging repeated bus lines by using an integrating tool to obtain a bus network, cutting the bus lines according to the range of each administrative area by using a cutting tool, counting the network length of each administrative area, and calculating the network density of each administrative area according to the formula bus network density = bus network length/area;

Secondly, calculating a net repetition coefficient: cutting the obtained public transportation line network and the original public transportation line, calculating line network repetition coefficients and average repetition coefficients of each administrative area according to the formula line network repetition coefficient = line total length/line total length, and analyzing the repetition degree of the public transportation line by using tool line density analysis;

thirdly, calculating non-linear coefficients: adding an X coordinate field, calculating a line starting point X coordinate by adopting a calculation geometry, calculating a starting point Y coordinate and a finishing point X, Y coordinate, calculating a line straight line length by using the calculated starting point Y coordinate, and calculating non-straight line coefficients of each bus line by adopting a formula non-straight line coefficient=line length/line straight line length;

fourth, calculating the line length: newly building a file geographic database in ARCGIS, importing the crawled bus route and bus station SHP files by a right key, selecting a ground 2000 projection coordinate system by coordinates, and newly adding length and area fields into an attribute table;

fifthly, calculating site coverage rate: selecting 300 meters and 500 meters of distances by adopting a tool multi-ring buffer area to generate a bus station service range, fusing all station buffer rings into a whole by adopting a fusion tool, and calculating 300 meters and 500 meters of station coverage according to the formula station coverage = station total area/built-up area;

Sixthly, bus and rail connection conditions: selecting subway stations by using a position-based selection tool, selecting bus stations by using a target layer, selecting 500 meters by using a search range, primarily screening subway connection bus stations, optimizing the names and positions of the stations of the selected bus stations, counting the connection bus lines of each subway station, counting the number of each bus line and the subway connection stations, and counting the parallel condition of the bus lines;

building an urban traffic network:

the first step, breaking the road, the subway line and the bus line: breaking the road at the intersection, starting to edit the road, selecting the road completely, and selecting a high-grade editing tool and a broken intersection tool from more editing tools; breaking the subway line at the subway station, and breaking the road and the subway line at the subway station by using a point parting line tool; breaking a bus line at a bus stop, and breaking the bus line by using a tool point dividing line;

secondly, creating a virtual subway, a bus station, a subway and a bus transfer chain: creating a virtual subway station and a virtual subway transfer chain so as to connect a subway network and a road network; adding field uniqueness in a subway station attribute table, marking, adding a start point X coordinate and a terminal point Y coordinate, calculating X, Y coordinates of each subway station by using calculation geometry, creating a virtual subway station by using a neighbor analysis and XY event layer creating tool, combining tool operations of the two tools by using an ARCGIS model constructor, creating a neighbor creating tool newly, and importing the tool operations into a file database after the creation is completed; newly adding an end point X coordinate and an end point Y coordinate in the virtual subway station, creating a virtual subway transfer chain by using an XY line transferring tool, and creating a virtual bus station and a bus transfer chain;

Thirdly, breaking the road again: breaking the road at the virtual subway station and the virtual bus station by using the point parting line;

fourth, calculating the transit time of roads, subways and buses:

adding running time in min to roads, subways and buses, and calculating by using a formula

Adding transfer time in min to a virtual subway transfer chain and a bus transfer chain, and calculating by using a formula

Fifthly, newly creating an element data set: in a file geographic database, newly creating an element data set, selecting a ground 2000 projection coordinate system according to coordinates, and importing processed road network, subway lines, subway stations, virtual subway transfer chains, bus lines, bus stations, virtual bus stations and virtual bus transfer chain related elements;

sixth, constructing a multi-mode traffic network: in the element data set, a network data set is newly built by a right key, all the participated elements are selected, a turning model selects general turning, which means that all intersections turn randomly, seven groups are required to be arranged when connectivity is arranged, after the networks are grouped, the networks in each group are relatively independent, namely, traffic flows cannot flow from one group to the other group unless two groups share a punctiform network element, and at the moment, the traffic flows can be transmitted between the groups only through the shared element; wherein connectivity policy-connectivity at the intersection, i.e. the element has a higher connectivity right, it does not follow the connectivity properties of the intersection, either [ road ] or [ subway ], it connects to the edges of the sets of networks at any coinciding node; adding a time attribute, clicking an assigner, changing the type into a field, changing the value into the vehicle time or the transfer time, temporarily not establishing the driving direction, and completing the next step; setting a one-way road: some roads are unidirectional roads, which need to be set independently, a new field is created in road elements, the data type is short integer, and the default value is 0; selecting a symbology in the attribute, changing the style into [ Arrow Right Mid-dle ], displaying the driving direction of the road, and assigning 1 or-1 to the one-way road Oneway field, wherein 1 only allows the traffic along the direction of the road Arrow, and-1 only allows the traffic along the opposite direction of the road Arrow;

Road restriction is required to be added in the network attribute, and the use type is [ restriction ], namely the attribute is to restrict network traffic; collusion [ default use ], which defaults to all network analytics

Selecting an assigner, and setting the types of the roads from one to one and from one to one as fields; right click [ from one to two ], select [ value ] → [ attribute. ], reveal [ field assigner ]; the column carries [ value= [ restricted ];

column input of [ pre-logic VB script code ]:

restricted＝False

If[Oneway]＝-1Then restricted＝True

similarly, the method comprises the following steps of; right click [ to one self ], select [ value → [ attribute. ], reveal [ field assigner ]; the column carries [ value= [ restricted ];

column input of [ pre-logic VB script code ]:

restricted＝False

If[Oneway]＝1Then restricted＝True

adding forbidden turns:

newly creating turning element types, setting the names of turning at the intersections, selecting the turning elements of the names, selecting the network data sets of the turning element types, and selecting the traffic network;

a turning element is compiled, and left turning is forbidden when a small road from north to south enters a main road; utilizing the capturing, clicking a small road and an intersection in sequence, and then double clicking a main road to draw a left-turning traffic track;

drawing turning elements, and prohibiting the main road from turning around; utilizing the capturing to click the main road and the turning-around place in sequence, then click the main road again after turning around, and drawing a turning-around passing track;

Right click [ traffic network → [ attribute. ] to [ network dataset attribute ] → [ turn ];

because the element class belongs to the traffic network when being created, if not, a turning element class is added to the network by clicking the add button, the attribute is selected to participate in all network analysis by default, the turn limit is selected to the value of the assigner, the type of the turn of the intersection is set as a constant, and the value is set as the limit, namely the position where the element exists is not turned in the element direction;

adding crossing red light time: step 1, right click [ traffic network ] → [ attribute. ] to [ network dataset attribute ]; step 2, cutting [ attribute ] → [ vehicle running time ] → [ assigner ]; step 3, cutting the attribute of turning to the general turning delay;

setting average passing time in each direction in seconds, wherein the step of (straight from place to place without passing through any road) means that two roads are connected end to end, no road port exists at the joint, and the passing time is generally 0;

Adding a highway: adding an F_Elev (starting point height) and a T_Elev (end point height) elevation field on a road, setting a high-speed road section to be 1, setting one end of a high-speed entrance road section to be 1, and setting the rest routes to be 0;

determining the current bus corridor:

firstly, inputting bus data: information such as passenger flow in recent years, up-and-down passenger flow of each station, shift, peak departure interval, flat departure interval and the like of a public transport line is recorded;

secondly, analyzing bus data: taking the passenger volume of a bus stop as the passenger volume of a section of the previous bus stop, counting the annual passenger volume of each section of a bus line, mapping the annual passenger volume of the bus section onto a road by using a space connection tool, and counting the bus passenger volume of each road;

according to the method, the operation quantity, the shift situation and the driver situation of the public transportation lines of each road are determined, the total operation situation of the public transportation lines of each road is determined by adopting a weighted average method, the weight is determined by adopting an expert evaluation method, so as to determine the current public transportation corridor,

predicting bus hallways in the coming year: predicting future travel demands through a trans cad software based on GIS secondary development by using a four-stage traffic demand prediction method, selecting a bus passenger flow distribution method based on traffic cells, and determining a bus corridor of the coming year according to distribution flow after traffic distribution;

Firstly, establishing a bus route system: establishing a traffic cell layer, a road layer, a walking network layer, a bus route layer, a bus stop layer and attribute information of the traffic cell layer, the road layer, the walking network layer, the bus route layer and the bus stop layer;

secondly, adding bus attribute data: activating the route system as a current layer, opening a data window, and filling fields of 'Mode', 'Headway', 'Variance', 'fire', 'xfire', 'capability' respectively;

thirdly, site layer relaxation node layer association: ensuring that a "Nearode" field has been established to store node numbers at the line site level prior to operation; executing a Transit-Tag Stops to Node command; selecting a 'Nearnode' field In a 'Store In' drop-down list frame, setting a Search Distance In a 'Search Distance' text frame, and automatically filling a single machine 'OK' and 'Nearnode', wherein the site layer and the node layer are associated;

fourth, establishing a walking network selection set: 1) Activating a road network layer as a current layer, executing a Select-Select by Location command, and opening a dialog box; 2) Selecting a Route stop Layer in a Layer drop-down list frame, setting a bus station attraction range in a Select Street features list frame, inputting a Walking Links in a Selection Set list frame, and storing a single machine OK; 3) Activating the road node layer as the current layer, executing a Select-Select by Location command, and opening a dialog box; 4) Selecting a Route Stops Layer in a Layer drop-down list frame, setting an attraction range of a walking network node in a Select Node features list frame, selecting a Walk Nodes in a Selection Set drop-down list frame, clicking OK, storing and completing the establishment of a walking network Selection Set;

Fifthly, creating a public transport network, 1) activating a public transport route layer as a current layer, executing a Transit-Create Transit Network command, and opening a dialog box; 2) In the "Network Variables" list, select "IVTT" in the "Stop Fields" list, select all Fields in the "Route Fields" list, select "Nearode" in the "Stop Fields" list, select "Nearode" in the "Using Node IDs in" list, select "Walking Links" in the "Non-Transit Links" list, click "OK", pop up the network setup dialog; 3) In a network setting dialog box, setting network parameters including cost, parking transfer, waiting time and the like according to actual public transport data, selecting a radio button of 'Create Centroids from selection set' in a 'Centroids' list box, selecting a corresponding centroid point in a pull-down list box, and clicking 'OK', so that public transport network creation is completed;

step six, bus passenger flow distribution, 1) opening a bus route system and a bus O-D matrix file, activating a bus route layer as a current layer, executing a Transit-Transit Assignment command, and opening a dialog box; 2) Selecting a user balanced distribution Method in a drop-down list frame of a Method, selecting an O-D Matrix in a Matrix File list frame, and selecting a Based on Node Layer radio button to identify that the bus O-D is based on a road node layer; a single machine 'Network' button, in which a generalized impedance function and related parameters can be set, and an 'Options' button is clicked; 3) In the dialog box, check boxes of 'Compute Boarding Counts', 'Create Flow Themes', 'Variables' are checked, the up and down passenger flow is calculated respectively, a bus distribution flow diagram is created to calculate primary bus operation indexes, in the 'shimming' list box, the index quantity required to be calculated can be selected, and 'OK' is clicked; 4) After the distribution is completed, the result is information such as passenger flow on and off buses, passenger flow on sections and the like, and bus corridors in the coming year are determined according to the information;

Optimizing a public transportation network:

step one, grading a public transportation network: carrying out fast line, main line, branch line and microcirculation classification on the current public transport network;

in the attribute table, select [ select by attribute ], fast line filter code:

line length > =20000 AND line length < = 30000AND nonlinear coefficient < = 1.4AND average inter-station distance > = 1200AND average inter-station distance < = 1800 average operation speed > = 25AND peak full rate > = 0.3AND peak full rate < = 0.8AND peak departure interval > = 5AND peak departure interval < = 10;

other bus class screening is as above;

secondly, planning a bus lane and determining: according to future bus corridor and future population post distribution predicted by TC model, determining planned bus lane; the TC predicted data can be exported as SHP files and imported into ARCGIS for analysis;

thirdly, planning a bus station: according to a pre-constructed multi-mode traffic Network, carrying out current bus station position analysis, selecting a new position allocation from a Network analysis, guiding current bus stations into a facility point, guiding each bus station into a request point, solving and analyzing the attraction condition of each bus station to each bus station;

Selecting a new service area, solving the coverage range of each bus station, and guiding which places are areas uncovered by the bus station, so that new bus stations are needed;

fourth, optimizing the public transport network: dividing a central city into 9 large service areas according to city function centers, population post distribution and suction source distribution conditions, and grading to optimize bus routes; when the express line is optimized, the advantage of the special bus track is mainly brought into play according to the realization of the rapid and direct arrival of each large-scale area and large-scale hub, the bus operation efficiency is improved, the coverage of the express line network of the main area of the urban area is enhanced, and the distant view such as the cultivation of passenger flow for the bus main line network can be adjusted; fully covering a suction source, utilizing a bus lane, and then optimizing a line, and determining the shortest path between service areas by selecting a new path so as to guide the line optimization;

other levels of bus route optimization methods are shown according to the steps, the functions of buses at all levels are positioned differently, and the main bus is mainly connected with main urban areas and large passenger flow collecting and distributing points, serves for long-distance travel, and covers main passenger flow corridor of the city and most of suction sources; the branch lines are mainly used for main service center urban resident commuting, and are mainly arranged in main and secondary trunk roads and other secondary passenger flow galleries for the middle-short distance travel demands scattered by hospitals, parks, businesses and institutions, and have the main effects that: the bus service blank is strengthened, and the rail service blank is made up; the micro buses are mainly connected with passenger flow suction sources of living, market, business, employment areas, scenic spots and subway stations, and are mainly arranged on scattered passenger flow passages such as secondary trunk roads, branches and the like, and have the main functions of: connecting the rail, the bus express bus and the bus line with passenger flow, and performing bus travel in the service group;

Fifthly, optimizing the bus station: the method comprises the steps of selecting a new service area, importing a virtual bus station, selecting 300 meters and 10 minutes according to the cost of the new service area, analyzing and setting, and determining the service capacity of the bus station and the coverage condition, wherein the bus station is required to be added in a blank area, and the bus station is required to be reduced in a place with too many bus stations for station setting;

and (3) bus effect evaluation:

firstly, evaluating bus route effect and bus overall network: carrying out multi-mode network construction on the optimized bus route and bus station, and calculating the time cost and the distance cost of the mass centers of all the cells before and after optimization so as to evaluate the overall operation condition of the bus network;

selecting a new OD cost matrix, importing cell centroids from a starting point and a destination point, and solving the total time and distance cost for comparison; calculating bus technical indexes, repeating coefficients and nonlinear coefficients,

and (3) evaluating a single bus line: comparing the technical indexes of the single line;

secondly, evaluating bus stop effects: according to the method of creating a service area, comparing the service range of 10 minutes of a bus station with the coverage range of 300 meters and 500 meters; and calculating the bus stop distance of each line so as to compare the bus stop effect.