CN116184555A - Visible band photon spin Hall device based on plasma super surface - Google Patents
Visible band photon spin Hall device based on plasma super surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a visible band photon spin Hall device based on a plasma super surface, which comprises: the anisotropic super-surface is designed based on PB geometric phase principle and is formed by periodically arranging super-cells; the supercell is formed by orderly rotating identical superatoms at intervals of p
Angularly arranged such that the last superatom of each supercell is rotated 180 ° relative to the first superatom; the super-atom is a half-wave plate working in a broadband visible light band, namely when left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light is incidentOn reaching the superatoms, the reflected light is converted into right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light; the super-surface device reflects circularly polarized light under the incidence of parallel circularly polarized light, and the reflected circularly polarized light follows the generalized Snell's law, and the left rotation and the right rotation are respectively reflected towards opposite directions, namely, the spin Hall effect of photons is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a visible band photon spin Hall device based on a plasma super surface.
Background
The in-plane dimensions of coded super-surface devices to date are in the millimeter or more range, significantly limiting their application in nanophotonics and compact optoelectronic devices. This can be solved by extending the encoded supersurface to optical frequencies, which can reduce the size of the device down to the micrometer scale. And the terahertz wave band is expanded to a visible light wave band or a near infrared wave band, so that the method has important scientific research significance and practical application value. The expansion from other bands to the visible band is faced mainly with several difficulties, such as contradictions between the operating wavelength, the artificial super-structure atomic size and the manufacturing process capability. The shorter the working wavelength, the smaller the artificial overdructure atom size, and the more difficult the preparation and processing.
On the other hand, the preparation and processing are difficult, and because of the requirement of single crystal materials and very demanding geometric requirements for the super-surface with advanced and powerful functions in most articles, the manufacturing is in fact in the limit of the current semiconductor process processing, and only a few laboratories in the world can process some single products. For example, the maximum aspect ratio (width 40nm, depth 600 nm) of the micro-nano structure of the titanium dioxide super-surface lens which is evaluated as one of ten technological breakthroughs worldwide in the year 2016 is as high as 15 (Science, 2016,352,1190-1194), and the minimum technological error requirement required by the traditional semiconductor technology cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the main technical problems of providing a photonic spin Hall device based on a plasma super surface, which can work in a visible light wave band, and has robustness on the incident angle of incident light, namely, the device can work normally when the incident light is incident within an angle range of +/-40 degrees relative to the normal direction of the device.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a visible band photon spin Hall device based on a plasma super surface, which comprises: the anisotropic super-surface is designed based on PB geometric phase principle and is formed by periodically arranging super-cells;
the supercell is formed by orderly rotating identical superatoms at intervals of p
Angularly arranged such that the last superatom of each supercell is rotated 180 ° relative to the first superatom; the super atom is a half-wave plate working in a broadband visible light wave band, namely, when left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light is incident on the super atom, reflected light is converted into right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light;
the super-surface device reflects circularly polarized light under the incidence of parallel circularly polarized light, and the reflected circularly polarized light follows the generalized Snell's law, and the left rotation and the right rotation are respectively reflected towards opposite directions, namely, the spin Hall effect of photons is generated.
In a preferred embodiment: the super atoms are formed by three layers of structures and are arranged on a silicon substrate, and the super atoms are respectively rectangular nanorods, a silicon dioxide layer and a gold layer from top to bottom;
in a preferred embodiment: the material of the nano rod is one of Au, ag, al, na.
In a preferred embodiment: the nanorod is made of Au, and the corresponding Drude model is as follows:
/>
wherein the dielectric constant epsilon ∞ Plasma frequency omega p The electron collision frequencies gamma are respectively set to 12,1.37 ×10 16 rad/s, and 1.05X10 14 s -1 。
In a preferred embodiment: the length, width and thickness of the nanorods were 190nm,60nm and 60nm, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment: the incidence and reflection law of the super surface is calculated by generalized Snell's law:
wherein θ is r Is the reflection angle of the reflected light, θ i Is the angle of incidence of the incident light,
is the rotation angle, k, between adjacent superatoms 0 P is the period of the super atomic arrangement;
when the first super-atomic phase is 0, the second super-atomic phase is
The nth super atomic phase is
In a preferred embodiment: the super surface device is designed according to the central wavelength of 632.8nm, and the period of the super atom is 258nm.
In a preferred embodiment: the wavelength range of the incident visible light is 390-780nm, and the period range of the super-atom is 157-314nm.
In a preferred embodiment: the dimension S of the super surface is not less than (17λ) 2 λ refers to the wavelength of the incident light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a superatom in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a subsurface in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of incident light and reflected light in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 4:
a is a normalized reflection amplitude diagram of polarized light in the x direction and polarized light in the y direction after linearly polarized light is incident on a super atom in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
b is a schematic diagram of the phase of the x-direction polarized light and the y-direction polarized light and the phase difference between them in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
c is a relation diagram of rotation angles of each super atom and corresponding PB phase in a period in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an angle-resolved spectrogram of experimental observations;
FIG. 6 is a numerical simulation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the left and right optical rotations at an incident wavelength of 632.8nm and an incident angle ranging from-40 DEG to +40 DEG.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," configured to, "" engaged with, "" connected to, "and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example," connected to, "wall-mounted," connected to, removably connected to, or integrally connected to, mechanically connected to, electrically connected to, directly connected to, or indirectly connected to, through an intermediary, and may be in communication with each other between two elements, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, in view of the detailed description of the terms herein.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present embodiment provides a visible band photon spin hall device based on a plasma super surface, including: the anisotropic super-surface is designed based on PB geometric phase principle and is formed by periodically arranging super-cells;
the supercell is formed by orderly rotating identical superatoms at intervals of p
Angularly arranged such that the last superatom of each supercell is rotated 180 ° relative to the first superatom; the super atom is a half-wave plate working in a broadband visible light wave band, namely, when left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light is incident on the super atom, reflected light is converted into right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light;
the super-surface device reflects circularly polarized light under the incidence of parallel circularly polarized light, and the reflected circularly polarized light follows the generalized Snell's law, and the left rotation and the right rotation are respectively reflected towards opposite directions, namely, the spin Hall effect of photons is generated.
In this embodiment, the number of super atoms in one super-atom is 9, and the rotation angle between two adjacent super-atoms is 20 °. As can be seen from fig. 4c, by continuously rotating the nanorods on top of the superatoms at different positions, each 20 deg., 9 times in total, supercells of the supersurface are formed,
is the rotation angle between adjacent superatoms, and the numbers 0-8 represent phase encodings. From fig. 4, it can be seen that the relationship between the rotation angle and the phase response is the case with right and left optical normal incidence: i.e. per revolution of superatoms->
The left and right rotation will generate->
Is added with (a)The phase is PB phase.
Therefore, after the incident visible circularly polarized light is reflected by the anisotropic super-atoms, the generated reflected light obtains an extra geometric phase to form left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light, and further the effect of photon spin is obtained.
With further reference to fig. 5, fig. 5 is an experimentally measured angular resolved spectrum, and it can be seen that circular polarization is reflected in a wide spectrum visible light range from 600nm to 800nm, left and right optical rotations are reflected in different directions, respectively, and the circular polarization approaches 100%, demonstrating that the effect of photon spin can be obtained indeed.
Using a circular polarization degree calculation formula:
(I LCP –I RCP )/(I LCP +I RCP )
RCP, right-handed circular polarization, LCP, left-handed circular polarization, I LCP : intensity of left-handed circularly polarized light, I RCP : the intensity of the right-handed circularly polarized light can be calculated by simulation in the experimental environment shown in fig. 5, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 6. The simulation result is consistent with the experiment.
FIG. 7 shows that light with the wavelength of 632.8nm is incident on the super surface at different angles (-40 DEG to +40 DEG), and the photon spin Hall device can work normally. Therefore, the super-surface device has the robustness of incident light with a wide range of incident angles, namely, the device can work normally when parallel light is used for incidence within a range of +/-40 DEG in experiments.
In this embodiment, the super atom includes a substrate and a nanorod disposed on an upper surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is an Au layer and an SiO layer sequentially disposed from bottom to top along a thickness direction 2 A layer. The nanorod is also made of Au, and the corresponding Drude model is as follows:
wherein the dielectric constant epsilon ∞ Plasma frequency omega p The electron collision frequencies gamma are respectively set to 12,1.37 ×10 16 rad/s, and 1.05X10 14 s -1 。
Length of nanorodsThe degree, width and thickness were 190nm,60nm and 60nm, respectively. Si0 2 The thicknesses of the layer and the Au layer were 70nm and 100nm, respectively, so that the period of the resulting super atom was 258nm and the center wavelength was 632.8nm. As a simple alternative to this embodiment, the generalized snell's law can be passed over the visible frequency
Calculating the incidence and reflection rule of the super surface: wherein θ is r Is the reflection angle of the reflected light, θ i Is the angle of incidence of the incident light,
is the rotation angle, k, between adjacent superatoms 0 For the free space wave vector, p is the period of the superatomic arrangement.
The results obtained were: when the first super-atomic phase is 0, the second super-atomic phase is
The nth super atomic phase is +.>
For period p, at a fixed angle of incidence of 0 °, the angle of reflection is 16 °, and the adjacent angle of rotation is 20 °. The period p-size variation range is: 157-314 (nm).
As a simple alternative of this embodiment, the material of the nanorods may be replaced by one of Ag, al, and Na. As transmission use, the materials of the Au layer and the nano-rod can be replaced by TiO 2 ，Si，SiO 2 。
In order to achieve the effect of photon spin, the dimension S of the super surface is equal to or greater than (17λ) 2 λ refers to the wavelength of the incident light.
As described above, the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any person skilled in the art, using the present invention, may make insubstantial changes to the present invention within the scope of the present invention, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A visible band photon spin hall device based on a plasma supersurface comprising: the anisotropic super-surface is designed based on PB geometric phase principle and is formed by periodically arranging super-cells;
the supercell is formed by orderly rotating identical superatoms at intervals of p
Angularly arranged such that the last superatom of each supercell is rotated 180 ° relative to the first superatom; the super atom is a half-wave plate working in a broadband visible light wave band, namely, when left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light is incident on the super atom, reflected light is converted into right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light;
the super-surface device reflects circularly polarized light under the incidence of parallel circularly polarized light, and the reflected circularly polarized light follows the generalized Snell's law, and the left rotation and the right rotation are respectively reflected towards opposite directions, namely, the spin Hall effect of photons is generated.
2. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 1, wherein: the super atom is composed of a three-layer structure and is arranged on a silicon substrate, and the super atom is respectively a rectangular nano rod, a silicon dioxide layer and a gold layer from top to bottom.
3. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 2, wherein: the material of the nano rod is one of Au, ag, al, na.
4. A photonic spin hall device in the visible band based on a plasma supersurface according to claim 3, wherein: the nanorod is made of Au, and the corresponding Drude model is as follows:
wherein the dielectric constant epsilon ∞ Plasma frequency omega p The electron collision frequencies gamma are respectively set to 12,1.37 ×10 16 rad/s, and 1.05X10 14 s -1 。
5. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 4, wherein: the length, width and thickness of the nanorods were 190nm,60nm and 60nm, respectively.
6. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 1, wherein: the incidence and reflection law of the super surface is calculated by generalized Snell's law:
wherein θ is r Is the reflection angle of the reflected light, θ i Is the angle of incidence of the incident light,
is the rotation angle, k, between adjacent superatoms 0 P is the period of the super atomic arrangement;
when the first super-atomic phase is 0, the second super-atomic phase is
The nth super atomic phase is
7. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 1, wherein: the super surface device is designed according to the central wavelength of 632.8nm, and the period of the super atom is 258nm.
8. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 1, wherein: the wavelength range of the incident visible light is 390-780nm, and the period range of the super-atom is 157-314nm.
9. The visible band photon spin hall device based on the plasma super surface according to claim 1, wherein: the dimension S of the super surface is not less than (17λ) 2 λ refers to the wavelength of the incident light.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117369028A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-01-09 | 重庆邮电大学空间通信研究院 | Sb based on geometric phase 2 Se 3 -SiO 2 Reconfigurable beam switching supersurface |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117369028A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-01-09 | 重庆邮电大学空间通信研究院 | Sb based on geometric phase 2 Se 3 -SiO 2 Reconfigurable beam switching supersurface |
| CN117369028B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-05-17 | 重庆邮电大学空间通信研究院 | Sb based on geometric phase2Se3-SiO2Reconfigurable beam switching supersurface |
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