CN116173242A - 多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纳米诊疗技术领域,具体涉及一种多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂及其制备方法。该纳米诊疗剂包括铁基纳米材料氯化铁、吲哚菁绿和阿霉素。本发明的诊纳米诊疗剂具有自聚集诱导荧光猝灭、肿瘤微环境和热刺激的荧光恢复性能,其良好的猝灭效率、低背景信号和高检测灵敏度在肿瘤诊断领域具有很大的应用潜力。本发明的纳米诊疗剂可作为一种近红外光激活的药物定点释放平台,光控开关结合磁共振成像,使药物精准释放,有效防止对正常器官组织的损伤。本发明通过结合MRI和近红外荧光成像这两种成像技术,提高临床成像的特异性和敏感性,为更精确的肿瘤手术切除提供指导,并提供了一种有效的方法监测全身药物输送。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米诊疗技术领域,具体涉及一种多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
胶质瘤是中枢神经系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中胶质母细胞瘤(Glioblastoma,GBM)占所有胶质瘤的57.7%,预后极差,5年生存率低于5%。与许多其他恶性肿瘤一样,胶质母细胞瘤患者最常见的治疗策略仍然是手术后辅助放射治疗和化疗。然而,单一抗胶质瘤药物的治疗效率低,全身系统性毒性等副作用严重。联合治疗侧重于不仅通过装载的药物,还通过物理效应(如光热激活的药物输送系统)产生综合治疗效果,最大限度地提高杀死胶质瘤细胞的效率,在胶质瘤部位保持高浓度的治疗药物,提供多种治疗效果,并确保对周围正常脑组织的损伤。此外,以铁离子介导的芬顿反应用于化学动力学治疗进入大众视野,已成为胶质瘤联合治疗的重要补充。
磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)是GBM最常见的术前成像方式,MRI具有优异的软组织对比分辨率和无深度限制。但MRI具有一定的局限性,如分辨率差、灵敏度低、图像采集时间很长易产生运动伪影。作为MRI的理想补充,近红外(Near infrared,NIR)荧光成像由于其光散射减少、信噪比更高、穿透深度和图像分辨率相对更高等特性,其借助荧光探针对特定的生物组织进行显像,从而实时获取肿瘤组织的多种信息,正确显示肿瘤切缘。
将磁共振成像与荧光成像进行结合的双模态成像,能够克服传统单一成像方式的缺点,实现优势互补的协同成像效果。近年来,随着纳米技术向医学领域的渗透,纳米技术和诊疗一体化策略相结合的新型治疗试剂不仅可以利用成像等诊断方法实时监测纳米药物的治疗过程,反馈治疗效果,其自身还具有对疾病的治疗作用。因此,将造影剂和治疗药物融合成为一个纳米平台,并通过微环境和热激活的共同作用下,促进体系在肿瘤部位的荧光复燃和药物的定点释放,有利于肿瘤精准NIR/MRI成像,引导高效的特异性的化学动力学治疗/光热治疗/化疗,对于增强临床治疗效果和减小治疗过程中的副作用具有重要的意义。
申请公布号为CN 109833486 A的发明专利申请,公开了一种新型纳米载药系统,它包括ICG、Dox和TPGS;其中,ICG表示吲哚菁绿,Dox表示阿霉素,TPGS表示D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯,ICG和Dox通过静电作用、π-π堆积以及疏水作用,并且经TPGS进行乳化成乳化纳米药物。它采用联合治疗的方式进行治疗,并且在治疗的过程中利用多模态成像监控药物释放。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是开发一种结构简单且具有肿瘤微环境和近红外光双重响应的荧光恢复型智能纳米诊断剂,用于肿瘤如胶质母细胞瘤特异性成像,精准指导治疗。
本发明的另一目的是制备一种近红外光可控的药物释放平台,可在肿瘤部位实现药物的定点释放,确保药物最大化的富集在肿瘤部位,同时避免化疗药物的泄漏对机体统产生毒副作用。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种操作简单、快速实时、安全无害的诊疗一体化平台,实现磁共振成像/荧光成像指导下肿瘤的化学动力学治疗/光热治疗/化疗的联合治疗,使疗效达到最大化。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明的多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂,包括铁基纳米材料氯化铁(FeCl3)、吲哚菁绿(indocyanine green,ICG)和阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)。所述氯化铁、吲哚菁绿和阿霉素的质量比为1:1:1,且该纳米诊疗剂制备时,是用浓度均为1mg/mL氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液配制而成,最终制备的纳米诊疗剂中Fe的浓度为0.9mM,哚菁绿和阿霉素的浓度分别为100μg/mL和750μg/mL。
上述纳米诊疗剂的制备方法,具体为:
(1)制备浓度均为1mg/mL的氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液,具体方法如下:
将质量为1mg氯化铁加入体积为1mL的超纯水中,室温下旋涡振荡仪振荡10 min,使其均匀溶解,得到氯化铁水溶液;
将质量为1mg吲哚菁绿加入体积为1 mL的超纯水中,室温下旋涡振荡仪振荡5min,使其均匀溶解,得到吲哚菁绿水溶液;
将质量为1mg的阿霉素加入体积为1mL的超纯水中,使其均匀溶解,得到阿霉素水溶液。
(2)制备纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs:将氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液以1:1:1质量比混合,28 ℃,避光振荡12 h,振荡时振荡仪转速为300转/时。
(3)纯化、除菌:收集步骤(2)制备出的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs,采用10 KD超速离心管,反复离心清洗三次,除去游离的分子。超速离心机的工作参数设置如下;温度为37℃,转速为4000转,时间为20分钟。然后利用滤膜过滤,得到纯化无菌的纳米诊疗剂,将其避光保存。
铁基纳米材料具有较好的生物相容性和低成本优势,归因于铁基纳米材料优异的物理化学性质,如超顺磁性性能,铁基纳米材料可以通过磁共振成像实现对肿瘤的精确诊断,此外,铁基纳米材料的另一个优点是铁介导的化学动力学治疗作用,铁基诊疗剂已被开发用于癌症的诊断和治疗。
ICG是一种用于临床的近红外有机染料,利用其在病变组织和正常组织的灌注及血管通透性不同,从而非特异地累积在病变部位,不仅适用于非侵入性荧光成像,还可将吸收的近红外光转化为热量用于光热治疗。但ICG的使用受到各种特性的限制,特别是不稳定性、快速体内清除和缺乏靶向性。
DOX是一种能与DNA相互作用导致细胞凋亡的蒽环类药物,是一种广泛使用的抗癌剂,用于治疗多种癌症。但单独的DOX具有系统性毒性和多药耐药性以及对正常组织损伤等副作用。
基于此,本发明将FeCl3、ICG和DOX三种组分整合到一个纳米系统,克服了上述限制。通过ICG中的阴离子磺酸基和Fe3+离子之间的离子交联,形成Fe3+–ICG的络合物,在铁离子的帮助以及静电、π–π堆叠或疏水相互作用,三种药物分子共同组装成均匀的纳米颗粒,合成的金属−有机纳米药物(FeID NDs)是一种不需要载体的多药系统,具有高药物装载效率、固有肿瘤微环境敏感性和良好的生物相容性,是一种集双模态成像和三种治疗方式一体的诊疗剂,具有巨大的潜力。
基于上述内容,本发明的纳米诊疗剂具有肿瘤微环境和近红外光双重响应,因此可应用于肿瘤特异性成像,以及近红外光激活的针对肿瘤部位的药物定点释放。
另外,本发明的纳米诊疗剂可在磁共振成像和荧光成像指导下用于肿瘤的诊疗。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的诊纳米诊疗剂具有自聚集诱导荧光猝灭、肿瘤微环境和热刺激的荧光恢复性能,其良好的猝灭效率、低背景信号和高检测灵敏度在肿瘤诊断领域具有很大的应用潜力。
(2)本发明的纳米诊疗剂可作为一种近红外光激活的药物定点释放平台,光控开关结合磁共振成像,使药物精准释放,有效防止对正常器官组织的损伤。
(3)本发明的纳米诊疗剂合成步骤简单、成分简单、结构简单、实现超高的药物装载,在体内无明显毒性。
(4)本发明通过结合MRI和近红外荧光成像这两种成像技术,提高临床成像的特异性和敏感性,为更精确的肿瘤手术切除提供指导,并提供了一种有效的方法监测全身药物输送。
附图说明
图1A为将FeCl3先与ICG混合3h后,再加入DOX继续混合后所制备的纳米材料的TEM图。
图1B为将FeCl3、ICG、DOX一起混合后所制备的纳米材料(即本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeIDNDs)的TEM图。
图1C为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs的粒径图。
图1D为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs以及FeCl3、ICG、DOX的UV− vis−NIR吸收曲线图。
图2A为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs在不同pH下的UV−vis−NIR吸收曲线图。
图2B为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs在不同条件下降解亚甲基蓝(methyleneblue,MB)的效果图。
图3A为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs在不同条件下的荧光成像效果图。
图3B为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs的磁共振成像效果图。
图4为本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs在不同条件下的药物释放图。
图5为倒置荧光显微镜下本发明的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs的入胞效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明进行更加详细的说明,以便于对本发明技术方案的理解,但并不用于对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中的多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂,具有良好的生物相容性,三种成分FeCl3、ICG和DOX均达到分析级标准,无需进一步纯化,整个过程使用超纯水。
实施例1
多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先,制备氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液:
将质量为1mg氯化铁加入体积为1mL的超纯水中,室温下旋涡振荡仪振荡10 min,使其均匀溶解,得到氯化铁水溶液,备用。
将质量为1mg吲哚菁绿加入体积为1 mL的超纯水中,室温下旋涡振荡仪振荡5min,使其均匀溶解,得到吲哚菁绿水溶液,备用。
将质量为1mg的阿霉素加入体积为1mL的超纯水中,使其均匀溶解,得到阿霉素水溶液,备用。
(2)制备纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs:
方案一:将氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液以1:1质量比混合3 h,再加入阿霉素水溶液,最终1:1:1在28℃避光下振荡直至12 h;
方案二:将氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液以1:1:1质量比混合,28℃,避光振荡12 h。
本实例恒温振荡仪的工作参数设置为28℃、300转/时。
然后采用锡箔纸包裹进行避光。
(3)纯化、除菌:
收集步骤(2)制备出的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs,采用10 KD超速离心管,反复离心清洗三次,除去游离的分子。超速离心机的工作参数设置如下;温度为37℃,转速为4000转,时间为20分钟。然后利用滤膜过滤,得到纯化无菌的纳米诊疗剂,将其避光保存,进行后续的材料表征,如透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、紫外-可见-近红外漫反射光谱(UV−vis−NIR)吸收等和生物应用。
本实施例中滤膜的尺寸为0.22μm。
(4)最终确定纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs中铁、吲哚菁绿和阿霉素的含量:
铁的含量测定采用方法如下:以4:1体积比配置含有浓硝酸和双氧水混合物的消解液,将500微升消解液与20微升FeIDNDs加入离心管中,在通风橱中消解72小时,每隔一个小时手动摇晃离心管。测试前用0.22um的滤膜过滤样品,并用超纯水定容至8毫升。将标准品硫酸亚铁铵按照200 ng/mL~0 ng/mL倍数稀释7个浓度,使用电感耦合质谱(ICP-MS)检测,并根据稀释倍数计算元素Fe的含量,合成的纳米诊疗剂中Fe的浓度为0.9mM。
此外,需分别确定最终吲哚菁绿和阿霉素的含量。采用方法如下:配置25μg/mL、50μg/mL、100μg/mL、200μg/mL、500μg/mL和750μg/mL阿霉素溶液,以及2.5μg/mL、5μg/mL、25μg/mL、50μg/mL、75μg/mL和100μg/mL吲哚菁绿溶液,分别测定其在480nm和780nm波长下的吸收值,得出阿霉素溶液和吲哚菁绿的标准曲线。用同样的方法得出步骤(3)中得到的FeIDNDs在780nm和480nm波长下的吸收值,分别带入标准曲线得到吲哚菁绿和阿霉素的浓度,合成的纳米诊疗剂中所含吲哚菁绿和阿霉素的浓度分别为100μg/mL和750μg/mL。
需要说明的是,以上列举的具体实验参数,仅仅作为本发明的一个例子进行说明,实际实验中应当根据实际需要将振荡时间、离心时间等实施合理的变化。
图1A、B为本实施例两种方案制备的FeID NDs的TEM图,图1C为根据本实施例制备的FeID NDs的粒度分析图,图1D为根据本实施例制备的FeID NDs的UV− vis−NIR吸收图。
结合图1可知,FeCl3、ICG和Dox可以自组装成一个完整的纳米药物结构,且通过改变合成方式,纳米药物的分布和尺寸随之改变,从TEM和粒径可以看出,当FeCl3和ICG先混合3h,再加入DOX,最终以1:1:1质量比形成的纳米药物,其大小不均匀,如图1A所示,尺寸从几纳米到几百纳米,不利于后续生物应用。当FeCl3、ICG和DOX水溶液直接以1:1:1质量比形成的纳米诊疗剂,从图1B和图1C可以看出,FeID NDs分散更加均匀,呈均一的球形结构形态更加规则,在水溶液中的平均粒径为78.2 nm,其稳定结构的形成应归因于铁离子的帮助,使药物混合更加均匀,为进一步的生物应用提供了保证。图1D为根据本实施例制备的FeIDNDs以及ICG、DOX、FeCl3的紫外吸收曲线图,从图中可以看出,FeID NDs在480nm和780nm处有明显的紫外吸收,说明FeID NDs具有肿瘤微环境的酸性响应能力。
本实施例方案二的纳米诊疗剂FeID NDs在不同pH下的UV−vis−NIR吸收曲线如图2A所示,图2B为根据方案二制备的FeID NDs在pH 3.2、pH 5.4、pH 6.8、pH 7.4以及pH 5.4+激光照射下,降解MB的能力,以证明其羟基自由基的产生情况。通过MB的吸收曲线图可以看出,FeID NDs在pH 5.4和H2O2存在下,产生大量的羟基自由基,降解MB,当加入激光后,MB吸光度显著降低,这意味着产生了更多的•OH,表明外加能量场促进了FeID NDs产生羟基自由基的能力,这归因于热促进了芬顿反应,证明了FeID NDs具有优异的化学动力学治疗和光热治疗协同能力。
图3A、3B分别为根据本实施例制备的FeID NDs的荧光和磁共振成像图。根据图3A可知,FeID NDs在pH 7.4下,荧光成像效果很弱,几乎没有荧光效果,这可能是自组装下自聚集诱导荧光猝灭,由于肿瘤微环境为弱酸性并富含过氧化氢(H2O2),发明人进一步研究了在不同条件下荧光的变化情况,在pH 5.4下,FeID NDs的荧光成像效果有所增强,但当在pH5.4和H2O2都存在的条件下,FeID NDs的荧光成像效果达到最佳,说明在肿瘤酸性微环境与H2O2共同作用,促进体系在肿瘤部位的荧光恢复,更重要的是,近红外激光对该纳米诊疗剂的荧光特性还展现出了重要影响,通过采用808nm、5min的激光照射FeID NDs,其荧光复燃达到最大强度,这可能是激光产生的温度升高进一步影响了纳米纳米材料的形态,促进了荧光染料的释放,这对近红外荧光成像在肿瘤部位的精准成像及引导热疗意义重大。MRI成像中,在T2加权成像时,水溶液表现出高信号,随着FeID NDs中铁浓度的增加,T2加权信号变化更加明显,表面FeID NDs具有优异的MRI成像效果。
图4为根据本实施例制备的FeID NDs在不同条件下药物释放情况。考虑到激光加热能力、FeID NDs的肿瘤酸性微环境响应,发明人研究了不同条件体系中阿霉素的释放行为。从图4A可以看出,当温度一定时,pH5.4时FeID NDs具有更快的药物释放速率。当温度从37℃升高到55℃时,释放速率显著加快,呈现温度依赖性释放。
为了证明NIR光激发药物释放行为,发明人发现当pH保持一定时,有近红外光照射时,药物释放速率明显增加,如图4B所示。这证明FeID NDs的肿瘤酸性环境和近红外光激发的药物释放行为,结合磁共振成像,给予外源近红外光刺激,可以实现药物的可控释放,以达到疗效最大化和副作用最小化。
实施例2 FeID NDs在肿瘤细胞上的应用
本实例中的肿瘤细胞选择胶质母细胞瘤 U87细胞。
将实施例1方案二制备的FeID NDs和U87细胞一起孵育12h;对照组中仅有U87细胞,未加入FeID NDs一起孵育。
FeID NDs被U87细胞摄取的情况如图5所示。从图5可以看出,U87细胞对FeID NDs有很好的摄取。相比于对照组,FeID NDs与U87细胞共孵育之后,U87细胞细胞对药物表现出优越的摄取,DOX在细胞质和细胞核中分布,为DOX发挥抗肿瘤作用提供保证,证明FeID NDs的化学动力学治疗/化疗/光热治疗的联合治疗前景。
本发明制备的FeID NDs,成分安全、合成简单,自载体实现极高载药量。与传统的单一成像和治疗模式相比,本发明结合磁共振成像,以及肿瘤微环境双响应和近红外光激活的荧光恢复在肿瘤诊断领域具有广泛的应用场景。同时,近红外光触发的药物释放实现了药物的可控释放,药物在肿瘤部位的高浓度富集和对正常组织的最小毒副作用,在肿瘤治疗领域意义重大。
以上所述之实施例,只是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非限制本发明的实施范围,故凡依本发明专利范围所述的构造、特征及原理所做的等效变化或修饰,均应包括于本发明申请专利范围内。
Claims (10)
1.多重响应型双模态成像指导联合治疗的肿瘤纳米诊疗剂,其特征在于,包括铁基纳米材料氯化铁、吲哚菁绿和阿霉素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米诊疗剂,其特征在于,所述纳米诊疗剂制备时,是用浓度均为1mg/mL氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液配制而成,且制备时氯化铁、吲哚菁绿和阿霉素的质量比为1:1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米诊疗剂,其特征在于,纳米诊疗剂中Fe的浓度为0.9mM,哚菁绿和阿霉素的浓度分别为100μg/mL和750μg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米诊疗剂,其特征在于,所述肿瘤为胶质母细胞瘤。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述的纳米诊疗剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)制备浓度均为1mg/mL的氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液;
(2)将氯化铁水溶液、吲哚菁绿水溶液和阿霉素水溶液以1:1:1质量比混合均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合物进行纯化、除菌,得到纳米诊疗剂。
6.根据权利要5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)具体为:
将质量为1mg氯化铁加入体积为1mL的超纯水中,室温下旋涡振荡仪振荡10 min,得到氯化铁水溶液;
将质量为1mg吲哚菁绿加入体积为1 mL的超纯水中,室温下旋涡振荡仪振荡5 min,得到吲哚菁绿水溶液;
将质量为1mg的阿霉素加入体积为1mL的超纯水中,得到阿霉素水溶液。
7.根据权利要5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,混合是在28℃,避光振荡12h,振荡时振荡仪转速为300转/时。
8.根据权利要5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,收集步骤(2)制备的混合物,采用超速离心的方式离心清洗,除去游离的分子,超速离心的参数如下;温度为37℃,转速为4000转,时间为20分钟;然后利用滤膜过滤,得到纯化无菌的纳米诊疗剂。
9.权利要求1~4任一项所述的纳米诊疗剂在肿瘤特异性成像中的应用和/或作为近红外光激活的针对肿瘤部位的药物释放平台的应用。
10.权利要求1~4任一项所述的纳米诊疗剂在肿瘤的诊疗中的应用,其特征在于,所述诊疗在磁共振成像和荧光成像指导下进行。
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