CN116168855A - Reactor heat exchange shielding structure - Google Patents
Reactor heat exchange shielding structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116168855A CN116168855A CN202211656574.5A CN202211656574A CN116168855A CN 116168855 A CN116168855 A CN 116168855A CN 202211656574 A CN202211656574 A CN 202211656574A CN 116168855 A CN116168855 A CN 116168855A
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- heat
- heat exchange
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- pipe section
- shielding layer
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011551 heat transfer agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
- G21C11/02—Biological shielding ; Neutron or gamma shielding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
- G21C11/08—Thermal shields; Thermal linings, i.e. for dissipating heat from gamma radiation which would otherwise heat an outer biological shield ; Thermal insulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor heat exchange shielding structure, which can be used for a reactor pressure vessel, and comprises the following components: the heat pipe assembly is arranged outside the shielding layer, and the cold source is arranged outside the shielding layer; the heat pipe assembly comprises at least one heat pipe, wherein the heat pipe comprises a heat pipe section, a cold pipe section, a connecting section, a phase change heat exchange medium and a capillary structure, the heat pipe section is arranged outside the shielding layer and is tightly attached to the shielding layer, the cold pipe section is arranged in the cold source, the connecting section is used for connecting the heat pipe section and the cold pipe section, and the phase change heat exchange medium and the capillary structure are arranged in the heat pipe; the phase-change heat exchange medium in the hot pipe section absorbs the heat of the shielding layer, evaporates, flows into the cold pipe section, exchanges heat with the cold source to be condensed, and flows back to the hot pipe section through the capillary structure. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure can meet the functions of shielding rays and radiating heat of a shielding layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant system equipment and safety, in particular to a reactor heat exchange shielding structure.
Background
To accommodate the multipurpose development of nuclear energy, advanced compact deployment requirements are becoming mainstream. When the core begins to operate, the fuel in the core undergoes a fission reaction, which generates a large amount of neutrons, gamma rays, and beta rays. In order to ensure the safety of equipment, shielding layers are required to be arranged around the reactor, so that irradiation damage to equipment and instruments around the reactor pressure vessel is reduced.
In the shielding design, heat generation of shielding materials caused by radiation is also required to be considered, and in the traditional reactor design, heat dissipation of the shielding layers is generally ensured by reasonable arrangement modes such as arrangement of heat preservation layers and the like; in a compact arrangement reactor, the heat-insulating layer is arranged in such a way that the heat dissipation requirement of the shielding layer cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address at least one of the drawbacks of the related art mentioned in the background art above: in a compact-type reactor, the heat dissipation requirement of a shielding layer cannot be met by arranging a heat preservation layer and the like, and a reactor heat exchange shielding structure is provided.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a reactor heat exchange shielding structure usable with a reactor pressure vessel, the reactor heat exchange shielding structure comprising: the heat pipe assembly is arranged outside the shielding layer, and the cold source is arranged outside the shielding layer;
the heat pipe assembly comprises at least one heat pipe, wherein the heat pipe comprises a heat pipe section, a cold pipe section, a connecting section, a phase change heat exchange medium and a capillary structure, the heat pipe section is arranged outside the shielding layer and is tightly attached to the shielding layer, the cold pipe section is arranged in the cold source, the connecting section is used for connecting the heat pipe section and the cold pipe section, and the phase change heat exchange medium and the capillary structure are arranged in the heat pipe; the phase-change heat exchange medium in the hot pipe section absorbs the heat of the shielding layer, evaporates, flows into the cold pipe section, exchanges heat with the cold source to be condensed, and flows back to the hot pipe section through the capillary structure.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, the heat pipe assembly includes a plurality of the heat pipes arranged in parallel.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, a plurality of heat exchange fins are disposed on the periphery of the cold pipe section.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, the cold source includes a suppression pool provided at a lower side of the pressure vessel, and cooling water injected in the suppression pool; the cold pipe section is arranged in the cooling water.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, the cold source further includes a gas, and the cold pipe section is exposed to the gas.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, the shielding layer is a shielding layer for shielding neutrons and gamma rays.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to the present invention, the shielding layer is composed of a single shielding material or composed of a plurality of shielding materials.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, a heat conductive agent is disposed at a junction between the heat pipe section and the shielding layer.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, the heat pipe section is flat plate-shaped.
Preferably, in the reactor heat exchange shielding structure of the present invention, the connection section is made of heat insulation material.
By implementing the invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
the reactor heat exchange shielding structure can meet the functions of shielding rays and radiating heat of a shielding layer.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat exchange shield structure of a reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a reactor heat exchange shield structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a heat exchange shield structure of a reactor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or chemically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a reactor heat exchange shielding structure that can be used for a reactor pressure vessel, the reactor heat exchange shielding structure comprising: the heat pipe comprises a shielding layer 1 arranged on the periphery of the pressure container, a heat pipe assembly arranged on the outer side of the shielding layer 1 and a cold source 3;
the heat pipe assembly comprises at least one heat pipe 2, wherein the heat pipe 2 comprises a heat pipe section 21, a cold pipe section 23, a connecting section 22, a phase change heat exchange medium and a capillary structure, wherein the heat pipe section 21 is arranged on the periphery of the shielding layer 1 and is tightly attached to the shielding layer 1, the cold pipe section 23 is arranged in the cold source 3, the connecting section 22 is used for connecting the heat pipe section 21 and the cold pipe section 23, and the phase change heat exchange medium and the capillary structure are arranged in the heat pipe; the phase-change heat exchange medium in the heat pipe section 21 absorbs and vaporizes the heat of the shielding layer 1, flows into the cold pipe section 23 to exchange heat with the cold source 3 for condensation, and flows back to the heat pipe section 21 through a capillary structure. Preferably, the phase change heat exchange medium of the present invention may be an absorption liquid.
The heat exchange principle of the heat pipe 2 of the reactor heat exchange shielding structure is that the pipe shell of the heat pipe section 21 transfers heat to the phase-change heat exchange medium in the heat pipe, the phase-change heat exchange medium absorbs heat and is vaporized, the heat flows to the cold pipe section 23 in the cavity of the heat pipe 2 and is transferred to the cold source 3 outside the heat pipe 2 through the pipe shell, and the phase-change heat exchange medium flows back to the heat pipe section 21 under the action force of the capillary structure after being condensed, so that the closed circulation in the heat pipe 2 is formed. Heat dissipation and heat exchange are performed through the evaporation-condensation process in the heat pipe 2.
According to the invention, under the condition of meeting the radiation shielding design requirement, the temperature of the shielding layer 1 can be effectively controlled through the heat pipe assembly, so that the primary shielding design requirement of compact arrangement is met.
Specifically:
the material of the shielding layer 1 is selected according to shielding requirements. According to the strong radiation source and the ray type of the reactor pressure vessel under the conditions of power operation and shutdown and the shielding performance of different shielding materials, the shielding design is developed by combining the set shielding design targets, such as the gamma dose rate target after shielding, and the like, including determining the type, thickness, installation position and the like of the shielding materials. Firstly, a proper shielding material type is selected according to a shielding object of the shielding layer 1, and when the reactor core starts to operate, fuel in the reactor core undergoes a fission reaction, so that a large amount of neutrons, gamma rays and beta rays can be generated. Where neutrons and gamma rays may penetrate the walls of the pressure vessel. In order to ensure the safety of equipment, the shielding layer 1 is arranged on the periphery of the pressure vessel, and the shielding layer 1 is used for shielding neutrons and gamma rays, so that neutrons and gamma rays penetrating through the wall surface of the pressure vessel can be shielded, and irradiation damage of irradiation to equipment and instruments around the pressure vessel of the reactor is reduced. Next, the main structure of the shielding layer 1 is determined, and the shielding layer 1 may be composed of a single shielding material or composed of a plurality of shielding materials as long as it is satisfied that neutrons and gamma rays can be shielded. Finally, the mounting position of the shielding layer 1 is determined, and the reactor heat exchange shielding structure can be arranged, for example, above the pressure vessel top cover, at the periphery of the pressure vessel flange surface, etc., according to shielding requirements, and preferably can be fixed at the designed mounting position by means of a support bracket.
And according to the radiation source and the radiation type of the reactor pressure vessel under the conditions of power operation and shutdown, carrying out the calculation of the heating value of the shielding layer 1, and according to the heating value, the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe 2 and the temperature limit of the shielding layer 1, determining the installation positions of the heat pipe sections 21 and the number of the heat pipes 2.
Since the shielding layer 1 is arranged in a place closer to the pressure vessel, heat in the shielding layer 1 is brought out timely and effectively in order to ensure the effect of the shielding layer 1. The heat pipe 2 may be arranged outside the shielding layer 1, and inside the shielding layer 1 is a pressure vessel. According to the heat generation of the shielding layer 1 and the heat exchange performance of the heat pipe 2, a proper contact area with the shielding layer 1 is determined, so as to meet the requirement of controlling the temperature of the shielding layer 1, the temperature of the shielding layer 1 can be uniformly distributed as far as possible, and the heat pipe section 21 can be designed into a flat plate shape so as to increase the contact area with the shielding layer 1. The outer envelope of the cold leg 23 may be designed as a light pipe or fin type, depending on the heat dissipation requirements of the shielding layer 1 and the heat dissipation conditions outside the cold leg 23, preferably the cold leg 23 is provided with a number of heat exchanging fins at its periphery.
In order to increase the heat exchange efficiency, the heat pipe assembly comprises a plurality of heat pipes 2 arranged in parallel. The heat pipe section 21 and the shielding layer 1 are tightly attached to ensure that the thermal resistance between the heat pipe 2 and the shielding layer 1 meets the design requirement, and if necessary, a heat conducting agent can be smeared at the joint of the heat pipe section 21 and the shielding layer 1 so as to reduce the contact thermal resistance between the evaporation section and the shielding layer 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the compact arrangement core bottom is typically provided with a hold-down tank 31 for stabilizing the primary loop pressure and accident water level injection. The cold source 3 comprises a pressure suppressing tank 31 arranged at the lower side of the pressure vessel and cooling water 32 injected into the pressure suppressing tank; the cold pipe section 23 is disposed in the cooling water 32. Preferably, the cold leg 23 is guaranteed to be below the level of the hold-down tank 31.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the cold source 3 further comprises a gas, and the cold leg 23 is exposed to the gas. Preferably, the condensing section is mounted within the large containment space 5. In order to ensure that the cold pipe section 23 is below the water level of the suppressing pool or is installed in a large space of the containment, the connection section 22 is used as the connection between the hot pipe section 21 and the cold pipe section 23, the connection section 22 needs to be reasonably arranged, and the connection section 22 needs to pass through the concrete structure of the pit, preferably, the connection section 22 is made of heat insulation material.
The heat exchange process of the reactor heat exchange shielding structure comprises the following steps: under the action of neutrons and gamma rays, the temperature of the shielding layer 1 gradually rises. At this time, the radiation heat generated by the shielding layer 1 transfers heat to the phase-change heat-exchange medium in the heat pipe 2 through the shell of the heat pipe section 21, the phase-change heat-exchange medium absorbs heat and evaporates, under the action of natural circulation driving force, flows from the heat pipe section 21 to the cold pipe section 22 in the cavity of the heat pipe 2, transfers heat to the air outside the heat pipe 2 through the shell of the cold pipe section 22, and returns to the heat pipe section 21 under the action of capillary force after the heat-release condensation of the phase-change heat-exchange medium, so as to form a closed circulation in the heat pipe 2. Through the evaporation-condensation process in the heat pipe 2, the radiation heat generated by the heat pipe 2 and the shielding layer 1 is effectively led out, and the temperature of the shielding layer 1 is further controlled. When the heat release amount of the shielding layer 1 is reduced, the temperature of the shielding material is gradually reduced, when the temperature is lower than a certain threshold value, the phase change heat medium in the heat pipe 2 is not evaporated, the natural circulation in the heat pipe 2 is interrupted, and the shielding material is not cooled continuously until the temperature of the shielding material is further increased.
By implementing the invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
the reactor heat exchange shielding structure can meet the functions of shielding rays and radiating heat of a shielding layer.
It is to be understood that the above examples only represent preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, the above embodiments or technical features may be freely combined, and several variations and modifications may be made, without departing from the spirit of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention, i.e. the embodiments described in "some embodiments" may be freely combined with any of the above and below embodiments; therefore, all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (10)
1. A reactor heat exchange shielding structure usable with a reactor pressure vessel (4), the reactor heat exchange shielding structure comprising: the heat pipe comprises a shielding layer (1) arranged on the periphery of the pressure container, a heat pipe assembly arranged on the outer side of the shielding layer (1) and a cold source (3);
the heat pipe assembly comprises at least one heat pipe (2), wherein the heat pipe (2) comprises a heat pipe section (21) which is arranged on the periphery of the shielding layer (1) and is tightly attached to the shielding layer (1), a cold pipe section (23) which is arranged in the cold source (3), a connecting section (22) which connects the heat pipe section (21) and the cold pipe section (23), a phase change heat exchange medium and a capillary structure which are arranged in the heat pipe; the phase-change heat exchange medium in the hot pipe section (21) absorbs heat of the shielding layer (1), is vaporized, flows into the cold pipe section (23), exchanges heat with the cold source (3) to be condensed, and flows back to the hot pipe section (21) through the capillary structure.
2. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe assembly comprises a plurality of the heat pipes (2) arranged side by side.
3. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold pipe section (23) is peripherally provided with a number of heat exchange fins.
4. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein the cold source (3) includes a suppression pool (31) provided at a lower side of the pressure vessel, and cooling water (32) injected in the suppression pool (31); the cold pipe section (23) is arranged in the cooling water (32).
5. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein the cold source (3) comprises a gas, and the cold pipe section (23) is exposed to the gas.
6. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein the shielding layer (1) is a shielding layer (1) shielding neutrons and gamma rays.
7. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the shielding layer (1) consists of a single shielding material or of a plurality of shielding materials.
8. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the junction of the hot pipe section (21) and the shielding layer (1) is provided with a heat transfer agent.
9. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hot pipe section (21) is plate-like.
10. The reactor heat exchange shielding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the connection section (22) is of a thermally insulating material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211656574.5A CN116168855A (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2022-12-22 | Reactor heat exchange shielding structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211656574.5A CN116168855A (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2022-12-22 | Reactor heat exchange shielding structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116168855A true CN116168855A (en) | 2023-05-26 |
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ID=86412374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211656574.5A Pending CN116168855A (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2022-12-22 | Reactor heat exchange shielding structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116168855A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-12-22 CN CN202211656574.5A patent/CN116168855A/en active Pending
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