CN116165059A - Impact fatigue life testing method and system for strain control - Google Patents

Impact fatigue life testing method and system for strain control Download PDF

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CN116165059A
CN116165059A CN202310214859.1A CN202310214859A CN116165059A CN 116165059 A CN116165059 A CN 116165059A CN 202310214859 A CN202310214859 A CN 202310214859A CN 116165059 A CN116165059 A CN 116165059A
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impact
bullet
strain
fatigue life
experimental parameters
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惠煜中
沈将华
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control, which comprises the following steps: s1: optionally selecting a bullet with a specific length, performing trial-shooting by using the bullet with the specific length, and determining experimental parameters of the loading of the required strain rate and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet with the specific length; repeating impact fatigue test under the corresponding experimental parameters until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times are the impact fatigue life of the corresponding strain amplitude under the required strain rate; s2: replacing the bullet, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining experimental parameters which are generated under the impact of the replaced bullet and have the same strain rate as that in S1, and performing impact fatigue life test under the corresponding experimental parameters; s3: and replacing the bullet, repeating the step S2, and realizing the impact fatigue life test of other bullet lengths under the corresponding strain rate. The invention has important significance for the establishment of future impact fatigue experiment standards and the development of impact experiment machines.

Description

Impact fatigue life testing method and system for strain control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the research fields of impact fatigue life test, impact fatigue failure and the like, and can be used for testing the impact fatigue life of materials, particularly metal materials, which are controlled by strain. In particular to a method and a system for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control.
Background
In the fields of aerospace, weaponry, ocean engineering and the like, many structural members can bear the effect of repeated impact (impact fatigue) loads in the service period. Unlike conventional fatigue, impact fatigue has the characteristics of high loading speed, high strain rate, strain rate effect and the like. Furthermore, due to the stress wave effect, impact fatigue may cause the structural member to fail suddenly without significant crack initiation. It is therefore necessary to test the impact fatigue life of a material before it is used in an impact fatigue design. However, due to the complexity of the impact fatigue load and the effect of the strain rate of the material itself, the impact fatigue test has no mature test standard and method of the system. Based on the limitations of the current impact fatigue research field, the urgent demands on the research on the impact fatigue life and impact fatigue failure mechanism of materials are met. Development of a mature standard impact fatigue test method is particularly important.
In the field of conventional fatigue research, one typically employs means of strain control to test the fatigue life of a material, where the measurement of strain in fatigue load can be achieved by a contact extensometer. However, in the current impact fatigue research, the impact fatigue life of materials under different impact energies is mostly tested in a manner of controlling the impact energy, such as the impact fatigue life under different impact energies is realized by adjusting the height of a drop hammer, but according to the following method
Figure BDA0004114531250000011
(1) The drop weight impact speed calculation formula can show that the change of the drop weight height inevitably causes the change of the impact speed, so that the impact fatigue life measured under different impact energies has the influence of the material strain rate effect, particularly the material with relatively sensitive strain rate, and the testing method can not accurately reflect the impact fatigue failure behavior of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and provides a strain control impact fatigue life testing method and system, which are used for helping to establish standard and system impact fatigue life testing standards and further promoting the development of the impact fatigue research field, in particular to the development of impact fatigue failure mechanism, impact fatigue design and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a strain-controlled impact fatigue life testing method comprises the following steps:
s1: optionally selecting a bullet with a specific length, and performing trial shooting by using the bullet with the specific length to determine experimental parameters of the required strain rate loading and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet with the specific length; repeating impact fatigue test under the corresponding experimental parameters until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times are the impact fatigue life of the corresponding strain amplitude under the required strain rate;
s2: replacing the bullet, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining experimental parameters which are generated under the impact of the replaced bullet and have the same strain rate as those in the step S1, and performing impact fatigue life test under the corresponding experimental parameters;
s3: and (3) replacing the bullet, repeating the step (S2), and realizing the impact fatigue life test of other bullet lengths under the corresponding strain rate.
Preferably, the method further comprises: according to actual demands, the bullet with any length is replaced to perform impact fatigue life tests under a plurality of impact fatigue strain amplitudes.
Preferably, the specific method of S1 includes:
s11: optionally selecting a bullet sample, and performing test-shooting on the bullet sample for a plurality of times to obtain incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves acquired by a data acquisition system;
s12: based on the incident wave, the reflected wave and the transmitted wave, processing data by using a three-wave method, and determining an impact strain amplitude and experimental parameters of repeated impact of the bullet sample at a required strain rate;
s13: and repeatedly impact loading the bullet sample according to the experimental parameters determined in the step S12 until the bullet sample breaks, wherein the total impact times is the impact fatigue life corresponding to the impact strain amplitude in the step S12.
Preferably, the specific method of S2 includes:
and replacing bullet samples with other lengths, and repeating the step S11 and the step S12 by adjusting experimental parameters to determine the impact fatigue strain amplitude of the bullet samples with other lengths, wherein the experimental parameters are the same as the strain rate in the step S12, and the impact fatigue strain amplitude corresponds to the bullet samples with other lengths.
Preferably, the specific method of S3 includes:
and (3) carrying out repeated impact loading according to the experimental parameters determined in the step (S2) to obtain the impact fatigue life of the impact fatigue strain amplitude determined in the step (S2).
Preferably, the method for determining the impact strain amplitude and the experimental parameters of repeated impacts of the bullet test piece at the required strain rate in S12 includes:
Figure BDA0004114531250000031
Figure BDA0004114531250000032
Figure BDA0004114531250000033
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure BDA0004114531250000034
Represents strain rate, t represents time, c B Indicating wave velocity in the rod, l s Representing the length of the gauge length section of the sample epsilon r Representing the reflected strain, ε (t) representing the strain, σ (t) representing the stress, E B Indicating the modulus of elasticity of the rod, A B Indicating the cross-sectional area of the rod, A s Represents the cross-sectional area epsilon of the gauge length section of the sample t Indicating the transmission strain.
The invention also provides a strain-controlled impact fatigue life testing system, which is used for realizing the strain-controlled impact fatigue life testing method, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a first fatigue life testing module, a second fatigue life testing module and a third fatigue life testing module;
the first fatigue life testing module is used for arbitrarily selecting a bullet with a specific length, performing trial run by using the bullet with the specific length, and determining experimental parameters of the required strain rate loading and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet with the specific length; repeating impact fatigue test under the corresponding experimental parameters until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times are the impact fatigue life of the corresponding strain amplitude under the required strain rate;
the second fatigue life testing module is used for replacing bullets, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining experimental parameters which are generated under the impact of the replaced bullets and have the same strain rate as those in the first fatigue life testing module, and performing impact fatigue life testing under the corresponding experimental parameters;
the third fatigue life testing module is used for replacing bullets, and repeating the second fatigue life testing module to realize impact fatigue life testing of other bullet lengths under corresponding strain rates.
Preferably, the system further comprises: according to actual demands, the bullet with any length is replaced to perform impact fatigue life tests under a plurality of impact fatigue strain amplitudes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention designs a method and a system for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control based on a conventional split Hopkinson pull rod experiment system. Because the strain rate effects of different degrees exist in the material, the strain rate is consistent during the impact fatigue life test of the strain control, so that the influence of the strain rate effect of the material on the impact fatigue life is avoided. The impact fatigue life test of strain control is realized by changing the length of bullets in the split Hopkinson pull rod system and keeping the peak speed of each bullet consistent when impact fatigue is loaded, i.e. the influence of the strain rate effect can be ignored. The invention has important significance for the establishment of future impact fatigue experiment standards and the development of impact experiment machines.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing impact fatigue life of strain control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of different length bullets equipped with a split Hopkinson tie according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing incident wave waveforms of stress waves at the same amplitude (and the same strain rate) for different bullets according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an impact fatigue life test for strain control by varying the bullet length in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a method for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control, which comprises the following steps:
s1: a specific bullet length is arbitrarily selected, and the bullet is used for trial run, so that the experimental parameters of the required strain rate loading and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet are determined. And repeating the impact fatigue test under the parameter until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times is the impact fatigue life of the corresponding bullet (namely the corresponding strain amplitude) under the strain rate.
S2: replacing the bullet, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining the experimental parameters of the bullet under the impact to generate the same strain rate as that in S1, and performing impact fatigue life test under the parameters.
S3: and (3) replacing the bullet, repeating the step S2, and realizing the impact fatigue life test of other bullet lengths under the corresponding strain rate. According to actual demands, bullets with any length can be replaced to perform impact fatigue life tests under a plurality of impact fatigue strain amplitudes.
In this embodiment, the specific method of S1 includes:
s11: optionally selecting a bullet, and performing trial shooting for several times by using the bullet to obtain incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves acquired by the data acquisition system;
s12: the data is processed by a three-wave method, so that the impact strain amplitude and repeated impact experimental parameters of the bullet under the required strain rate can be determined;
s13: and (3) repeatedly impact loading the sample according to the experimental parameters determined in the second step until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times is the corresponding impact fatigue life under the impact strain amplitude in the second step.
In this embodiment, the specific method of S2 includes:
the test parameters S11 and S12 are repeated by changing the other length of the bullet, so as to determine the test parameters and the impact fatigue strain amplitude corresponding to the bullet, which are the same as the strain rate in S12.
In this embodiment, the specific method of S3 includes:
and (3) repeating impact loading according to the experimental parameters determined in the step (S2), and obtaining the impact fatigue life under the impact fatigue strain amplitude.
The split Hopkinson pull rod is used for accelerating the bullet by high-pressure nitrogen in the cylinder, so that impact loading is realized. In this embodiment, pure titanium is taken as an example, and the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention are described in more complete and detailed manner, as shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of bullets with different lengths equipped with a split hopkinson pull rod system, and fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of bullets with 100mm,150mm and 210mm, and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated at a strain rate of 1000m/s is 0.045,0.053,0.070. FIG. 3 is a graph of the incident wave waveform generated by the 3 bullets of FIG. 2 at a peak strain rate of 1000/s. This embodiment is only a part of embodiments of the present invention and does not represent all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments that a person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain without making any inventive effort, such as impact fatigue life testing of wide strain rate by adjusting the air pressure and the bullet acceleration distance, etc., are all within the scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to examples and drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control, which comprises the following steps with reference to fig. 2, 3 and 4:
step 1, performing several test shots by using bullets with the length of 100mm, adjusting experimental parameters, calculating strain rate and stress strain curves according to formulas (2) - (4) according to incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves acquired by a data acquisition system, and obtaining corresponding experimental parameters (such as air pressure, bullet acceleration distance and the like) when the strain rate of the bullets with the length of 100mm is 1000/s and impact fatigue strain amplitude epsilon generated by the bullets with the length of 100mm 100 ；
Figure BDA0004114531250000071
Figure BDA0004114531250000072
Figure BDA0004114531250000073
Wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure BDA0004114531250000074
Represents strain rate, t represents time, c B Indicating the wave velocity in the rod,l s representing the length of the gauge length section of the sample epsilon r Representing the reflected strain, ε (t) representing the strain, σ (t) representing the stress, E B Indicating the modulus of elasticity of the rod, A B Indicating the cross-sectional area of the rod, A s Represents the cross-sectional area epsilon of the gauge length section of the sample t Indicating the transmission strain.
Step 2, repeatedly impact loading is carried out on the sample by using the experimental parameters determined in the step 1 until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact frequency is that the impact fatigue strain amplitude is epsilon when the strain rate is 1000/s 100 Corresponding impact fatigue life N 100 ；
Step 3, repeating step 1 by replacing a bullet with 150mm length, and determining experimental parameters corresponding to the 150mm bullet with the strain rate of 1000/s and the impact fatigue strain amplitude epsilon corresponding to the 150mm bullet with the strain rate of 1000/s 150 ；
Step 4, repeatedly impact loading is carried out on the sample by using the experimental parameters determined in the step 3 until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact frequency is that the impact fatigue strain amplitude is epsilon when the strain rate is 1000/s 2 Corresponding impact fatigue life N 150 ；
Step 5, replacing 210mm, and repeating the contents of the step 3 and the step 4 to obtain the impact fatigue strain amplitude epsilon when the strain rate is 1000/s 210 Corresponding impact fatigue life N 210 。
As shown in FIG. 3, 100mm,150mm and 210mm bullets were incident carrier waves at a strain rate of about 1000/s. Since the peak strain rates are the same, the test does not have the problem of the strain rate effect of the material affecting the impact fatigue life. In the practical test, the impact fatigue life test with a wider impact fatigue strain range can be realized by adjusting the length of the bullet and experimental parameters. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the impact fatigue life test for realizing the strain control by changing the bullet length in the present embodiment.
Example two
The invention also provides a strain-controlled impact fatigue life testing system, comprising: the device comprises a first fatigue life testing module, a second fatigue life testing module and a third fatigue life testing module;
the first fatigue life testing module is used for arbitrarily selecting a bullet with a specific length, performing trial-striking by using the bullet with the specific length, and determining experimental parameters of the required strain rate loading and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet with the specific length; repeating impact fatigue test under the corresponding experimental parameters until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times are the impact fatigue life of the corresponding strain amplitude under the required strain rate;
the second fatigue life testing module is used for replacing bullets, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining experimental parameters which are generated under the impact of the replaced bullets and have the same strain rate as those in the first fatigue life testing module, and performing impact fatigue life testing under the corresponding experimental parameters;
and the third fatigue life testing module is used for replacing bullets, repeating the second fatigue life testing module and realizing the impact fatigue life testing of other bullet lengths under the corresponding strain rate.
In this embodiment, the system further includes: according to actual demands, the bullet with any length is replaced to perform impact fatigue life tests under a plurality of impact fatigue strain amplitudes.
In this embodiment, the specific working process of the first fatigue life testing module includes:
step 1, selecting a bullet, and performing trial shooting for several times by using the bullet to obtain incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves acquired by a data acquisition system;
step 2, processing data by using a three-wave method, and determining the impact strain amplitude and repeated impact experimental parameters of the bullet at the required strain rate;
and step 3, repeatedly impact loading is carried out on the sample according to the experimental parameters determined in the second step until the sample breaks, and the total impact times is the corresponding impact fatigue life under the impact strain amplitude in the second step.
In this embodiment, the specific working process of the second fatigue life testing module includes:
replacing bullets with other lengths, and repeating the step 1 and the step 2 in the specific working process of the first fatigue life testing module by adjusting experimental parameters so as to determine the experimental parameters which enable the bullets to generate the same strain rate as in the step 2 and the impact fatigue strain amplitude corresponding to the bullets.
In this embodiment, the specific working process of the second fatigue life testing module includes:
and repeating impact loading according to experimental parameters determined in the specific working process of the second fatigue life testing module, so that the impact fatigue life under the impact fatigue strain amplitude can be obtained.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains are made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The impact fatigue life testing method for strain control is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: optionally selecting a bullet with a specific length, and performing trial shooting by using the bullet with the specific length to determine experimental parameters of the required strain rate loading and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet with the specific length; repeating impact fatigue test under the corresponding experimental parameters until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times are the impact fatigue life of the corresponding strain amplitude under the required strain rate;
s2: replacing the bullet, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining experimental parameters which are generated under the impact of the replaced bullet and have the same strain rate as those in the step S1, and performing impact fatigue life test under the corresponding experimental parameters;
s3: and (3) replacing the bullet, repeating the step (S2), and realizing the impact fatigue life test of other bullet lengths under the corresponding strain rate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of,
the method further comprises the steps of: according to actual demands, the bullet with any length is replaced to perform impact fatigue life tests under a plurality of impact fatigue strain amplitudes.
3. The method for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of S1 comprises:
s11: optionally selecting a bullet sample, and performing test-shooting on the bullet sample for a plurality of times to obtain incident waves, reflected waves and transmitted waves acquired by a data acquisition system;
s12: based on the incident wave, the reflected wave and the transmitted wave, processing data by using a three-wave method, and determining an impact strain amplitude and experimental parameters of repeated impact of the bullet sample at a required strain rate;
s13: and repeatedly impact loading the bullet sample according to the experimental parameters determined in the step S12 until the bullet sample breaks, wherein the total impact times is the impact fatigue life corresponding to the impact strain amplitude in the step S12.
4. The method for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control according to claim 3, wherein the specific method of S2 comprises:
and replacing bullet samples with other lengths, and repeating the step S11 and the step S12 by adjusting experimental parameters to determine the impact fatigue strain amplitude of the bullet samples with other lengths, wherein the experimental parameters are the same as the strain rate in the step S12, and the impact fatigue strain amplitude corresponds to the bullet samples with other lengths.
5. The method for testing the impact fatigue life of strain control according to claim 4, wherein the specific method of S3 comprises:
and (3) carrying out repeated impact loading according to the experimental parameters determined in the step (S2) to obtain the impact fatigue life of the impact fatigue strain amplitude determined in the step (S2).
6. The method for testing the fatigue life under impact of strain control according to claim 3,
the method of determining the impact strain amplitude and the experimental parameters of repeated impacts of the bullet test piece at the required strain rate in S12 comprises:
Figure FDA0004114531240000021
Figure FDA0004114531240000022
Figure FDA0004114531240000023
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure FDA0004114531240000024
Represents strain rate, t represents time, c B Indicating wave velocity in the rod, l s Representing the length of the gauge length section of the sample epsilon ｒ Representing the reflected strain, ε (t) representing the strain, σ (t) representing the stress, E B Indicating the modulus of elasticity of the rod, A B Indicating the cross-sectional area of the rod, A S Represents the cross-sectional area epsilon of the gauge length section of the sample t Indicating the transmission strain.
7. A strain-controlled impact fatigue life testing system for implementing a strain-controlled impact fatigue life testing method according to any of claims 1-6, comprising: the device comprises a first fatigue life testing module, a second fatigue life testing module and a third fatigue life testing module;
the first fatigue life testing module is used for arbitrarily selecting a bullet with a specific length, performing trial run by using the bullet with the specific length, and determining experimental parameters of the required strain rate loading and the impact fatigue strain amplitude generated by the bullet with the specific length; repeating impact fatigue test under the corresponding experimental parameters until the sample breaks, wherein the total impact times are the impact fatigue life of the corresponding strain amplitude under the required strain rate;
the second fatigue life testing module is used for replacing bullets, adjusting experimental parameters through trial striking, determining experimental parameters which are generated under the impact of the replaced bullets and have the same strain rate as those in the first fatigue life testing module, and performing impact fatigue life testing under the corresponding experimental parameters;
the third fatigue life testing module is used for replacing bullets, and repeating the second fatigue life testing module to realize impact fatigue life testing of other bullet lengths under corresponding strain rates.
8. The strain controlled impact fatigue life testing system according to claim 7, wherein,
the system further comprises: according to actual demands, the bullet with any length is replaced to perform impact fatigue life tests under a plurality of impact fatigue strain amplitudes.
CN202310214859.1A 2023-03-08 2023-03-08 Impact fatigue life testing method and system for strain control Pending CN116165059A (en)

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