CN116164037A - Spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing. The working surface is made of high-strength synthetic fibers and high-wear-resistance special engineering plastic reinforced modified elastic metal plastic tile material, and is formed by compounding at least four layers of materials, wherein the bottom layer is a steel substrate, a brazing layer is arranged on the steel substrate, a metal wire pad is arranged on the brazing layer, a surface layer is arranged on the metal wire pad, the brazing layer, the metal wire pad and the surface layer are used as the elastic metal plastic tile surface, the surface layer is made of modified polytetrafluoroethylene, and the surface layer can be divided into a surface friction layer and a connecting layer or is only a surface friction layer; the metal wire pad is used as a transition medium for combining the surface layer with the steel matrix; the brazing layer is used for ensuring firm combination of the composite material tile surface formed by the surface layer and the metal wire pad and the steel matrix, and the steel matrix provides structural strength and rigidity of the bearing. And a conductive layer is arranged between the metal wire pad and the surface layer and used for monitoring the end life in real time on line. The invention can meet the requirement of equipment enlargement.

Description

Spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of sliding bearings, in particular to a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The main action shaft of heavy machinery (such as cement machinery and mining machinery) is usually a low-speed heavy-duty working shaft, the linear speed of a journal is usually below 4m/s, the pressure of the journal is more than 10MPa, and a rolling bearing or a metal sliding bearing is adopted for a long time. Most of the rolling bearings adopt self-aligning roller bearings, four-row roller bearings and the like, and accidents such as inner ring damage, roller fracturing, cage fracture and the like often occur in the use process, and the bearing is too early in contact fatigue damage due to high pressure applied to the bearing, so that the service life of the bearing is greatly reduced, and the integral use performance of equipment is directly influenced. With the development of large-scale equipment, the linear speed of the journal is often lower, the pressure of the journal is higher, a larger rolling bearing is needed, the manufacturing materials and the process requirements of the large rolling bearing are higher, the manufacturing period is long, the cost is high, the quality cannot be ensured, and no large rolling bearing can be used. The conventional sliding bearing has the working surface of traditional Babbitt alloy, bronze alloy, zinc-based alloy and the like, and is subjected to impact load due to the characteristics of the material, so that the bearing is often burned and has low service life. And the maintenance is carried out by scraping the tiles regularly, the maintenance time is long, and the integrity rate of the equipment is reduced.

Chinese patent CN201811568124.4 discloses an adjustable sliding bearing, which comprises a shaft sleeve, a spherical bush forming a circumferential sliding friction pair with the shaft sleeve, wherein the wrap angle range of the spherical bush is 180 ° to 270 °, the opening end below the spherical bush is connected with the center line, the included angle between the spherical bush and the vertical center line is 30 ° to 90 °, the spherical bush is installed in a spherical seat, the spherical seat is installed in a bearing hole of a bearing seat, a stop block for limiting the movement of the spherical seat along the circumferential direction is respectively installed at two ends of the opening of the spherical seat in the bearing hole, a top block is fixedly installed at two ends of the opening of the spherical bush, the top block and the stop block form a line contact, the stop block and the top block form a sliding friction pair, the surface of the top block, which is contacted with the stop block, is a sliding surface, and the center lines of the sliding surfaces of the two top blocks are mutually perpendicular on the end surface of the shaft sleeve.

The spherical aligning sliding bearing disclosed by the patent has the characteristics of the existing sliding bearing, and has the advantages of simple manufacturing and processing, and large equipment without being limited by the bearing. However, the sliding bearing has poor adaptability to the change of the load of the working shaft, and the antifriction, wear-resisting, bearing capacity and impact load-resisting capacity of the sliding bearing are required to be improved, so that the development of the sliding bearing is needed to solve the problems.

The Chinese patent CN 106015337A discloses an aramid fiber modified polytetrafluoroethylene double-layer plastic composite material bearing bush and a production method thereof, wherein the double-layer powder composite material bearing bush comprises a steel shoe base, a brazing layer, a metal wire pad and an aramid fiber modified polytetrafluoroethylene double-layer powder plastic composite material layer, the composite material layer comprises a working layer (light yellow) and a bonding layer (reddish brown), and the weight percentages of the materials of the working layer are as follows: 0.5 to 3 percent of aramid fiber, 15 to 20 percent of polyphenyl ester and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene; the bonding layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 8-20% of pure copper powder, 2-5% of pure tin powder, the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene and the like. The invention greatly improves the bonding strength of the bonding layer and the metal wire pad, overcomes the defect of poor toughness of the working layer, overcomes the quality problem that the tile surface is easy to crack, and can judge the service life of the bearing bush by observing the color changes of the working layer and the bonding layer of the bearing bush in the tile removing and drawing inspection.

However, as a result of the applicant's years of use, the dual-layer powder spring metal plastic tile of the primary design still presents a number of problems during use and manufacture. For example, the process is complicated, the elastic modulus of the elastic metal plastic tile is not uniform, the difference of the elastic modulus of the same tile surface is large (more than 30 percent), the tile surface with low bearing capacity (less than 10 MPa) can generate pits when running at high temperature, the whole service life of the bearing bush can be found when the tile is inspected, and real-time online monitoring can not be realized.

In view of the above, the applicant optimizes the primary double-layer powder elastic metal plastic tile in terms of technology, materials and the like through continuous research and development and design, and solves the defects of the primary product.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the technical problems set forth above, a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing for supporting a rotating shaft and a preparation method thereof are provided. The invention adopts the following technical means:

a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing is characterized in that a working surface of the spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing is made of high-strength synthetic fibers and high-wear-resistance special engineering plastic reinforced modified elastic metal plastic tile materials, and the spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing is formed by compounding four layers and more than four layers of materials, wherein a bottom layer is a steel substrate, a brazing layer is arranged on the steel substrate, a metal wire pad is arranged on the brazing layer, a surface layer is arranged on the metal wire pad, the brazing layer, the metal wire pad and the surface layer serve as an elastic metal plastic tile surface, the surface layer material is modified polytetrafluoroethylene, and the surface layer can be divided into a surface friction layer and a connecting layer or is only a surface friction layer; the metal wire pad is used as a transition medium for combining the surface layer with the steel matrix; the brazing layer is used for ensuring firm combination of the composite material tile surface formed by the surface layer and the metal wire pad and the steel matrix, and the steel matrix provides structural strength and rigidity of the bearing.

Further, a conductive layer is arranged between the metal wire pad and the surface layer, and the conductive layer has conductivity and is used for monitoring the end life in real time on line.

Further, the surface engineering plastic layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0 to 1.5 percent of aramid fiber, 13 to 17 percent of polyphenyl ester and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene;

the conductive layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0 to 20 percent of copper powder, 8 to 15 percent of graphite, 5 to 10 percent of carbon fiber, 0 to 10 percent of polyether-ether-ketone, 0 to 20 percent of glass fiber and 0 to 5 percent of conductive carbon nano tube; the balance being polytetrafluoroethylene.

As one of the technical schemes, the spherical sliding bearing adopts a splicing structure, and comprises a spherical tile seat, tile liners arranged in inner holes of the spherical tile seat, elastic metal plastic tile surfaces compounded on the inner diameter and the end surfaces of the tile liners, a plurality of oil guide grooves used for end surface lubrication are arranged on surface layers of the two end surfaces, the spherical seat is of an integral structure, the tile liners are divided into a plurality of blocks, oil inlet edges are arranged on the tile liners, each tile liner is combined on the spherical seat through bolts and spring washers, and a play-preventing flat key is arranged between the last tile liner in the rotation direction and the spherical tile seat and is positioned by the shoulder axially.

Further, the working journal of the spherical sliding bearing is 600mm < d < 1200mm.

As another technical scheme, the spherical sliding bearing adopts a multi-oil wedge structure and comprises a spherical tile seat, tile liners arranged in inner holes of the spherical tile seat, elastic metal plastic tile surfaces compounded on the inner diameter of the tile liners and two end faces, the spherical seat is of an integral structure, the tile liners are divided into a plurality of blocks, key grooves are formed in the corresponding spherical tile seats between the tile liners, the tile liners are positioned through T-shaped keys and are pressed on the spherical tile seats through the T-shaped keys and bolts, two ends of the tile liners are combined on the spherical seat through bolts and spring washers, and an anti-movement flat key is arranged between the last tile liner in the rotation direction and the spherical tile seat and is positioned axially by a shoulder.

Further, the working journal d of the spherical plain bearing is > 1200mm.

Further, a forced oil spraying pipe is arranged above the T-shaped key, the upper end of the oil spraying pipe is 10-15mm away from the working layer on the surface of the tile lining, a plurality of oil spraying holes are arranged on the oil spraying pipe, and the diameter of each oil spraying hole is 2-5 mm; each lining tile is provided with an oil inlet wedge along the radial direction.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing, which comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing a proper amount of metal wires according to a proportion, covering the metal wires on a working layer, applying preset pressure, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time to obtain a metal wire pad;

s2, weighing and mixing the materials in the conductive layer according to the proportion, covering the materials on the metal wire pad, and pressing the materials with a metal plate until the materials are smooth;

s3, weighing and mixing the materials in the friction layer according to the proportion, covering the friction layer on the conductive layer, applying preset pressure, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile surface blank;

s4, placing the elastic metal plastic tile surface blank in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering and plasticizing, wherein the sintering temperature is 370-390 ℃, the sintering time is 30-60 min, and cooling to 100-60 ℃ along with the furnace to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile surface;

s5, immersing the tile surface of the elastic metal plastic tile into a liquid solder container to fill the liquid solder into the gaps of the metal wire pads;

s6, brazing the tile surface of the elastic metal plastic tile obtained in the step S5 to a steel tile base to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile;

s7, machining the elastic metal plastic tile to obtain a finished bearing bush;

s8, configuring an insulating backing plate with the same size at the bottom of the elastic metal plastic tile steel substrate in the step S8.

The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing has low friction and high wear resistance, has a spherical kinematic pair and unique self-adjustability, and meanwhile, the elastic composite material sliding bearing has a plastic layer on the surface layer and is connected with a steel matrix by adopting an elastic wire pad, so that the elastic modulus is low, self-adjustment can be realized, the stress condition of a bearing bush under variable load is effectively improved, the thinning or damage of an oil film of the bearing bush due to mechanical deformation and temperature deformation is avoided, and the safety margin is large; the heat-resistant performance is certain, and the thermal deformation of the matrix is reduced; the bearing capacity is high, which is improved by more than 20% compared with the conventional sliding bearings such as Babbitt metal, and the like, the design size of the whole machine can be reduced, and the cost is reduced; the lubricating oil is suitable for thin oil lubrication and grease lubrication, and can still work normally under the working condition of oil-water mixed lubrication; the anti-seizure performance is achieved, and the occurrence of sticking burning accidents is avoided; the tile surface is not required to be scraped during installation and maintenance, and the installation and maintenance time is saved. The spherical sliding bearing with the working journal with the diameter of 600mm more than or equal to 1200mm adopts a splicing structure, so that the size range of the bearing is enlarged, the bearing after overhaul is convenient to replace, only the bushing is replaced, the maintenance cost of equipment is reduced, and the maintenance period is shortened; the spherical sliding bearing with the working journal d more than 1200 adopts a multi-oil wedge structure, the size range of the bearing is enlarged, the requirement of equipment enlargement is met, the maintenance cost of the equipment is reduced, and by adding an oil injection structure and an oil inlet wedge, the adequate oil inlet quantity of each tile is ensured, and the cold and hot oil is fully exchanged; the lubricating oil with certain pressure can drain the grinding generated by the friction surface, prevent the oil inlet side from being blocked, reduce the running distance of the lubricating oil for the multi-oil wedge bearing, reduce the temperature rise of an oil film, improve the safety margin of the running of the bearing and avoid the occurrence of the tile burning accident due to insufficient lubrication.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a working surface layer of a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic composite sliding bearing in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the working surface layer of a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic composite sliding bearing in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a spherical plain bearing with a working journal 600mm < d.ltoreq.1200 mm.

FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a spherical plain bearing with a working journal 600mm < d.ltoreq.1200 mm.

Fig. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of a spherical plain bearing with a working journal d > 1200.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a fuel injection device between spherical plain bearing pads with a working journal d > 1200.

In the figure: 1. a surface layer; 2. a wire mat; 3. a brazing layer; 4. a steel substrate; 5. a conductive layer; 6. a spherical tile seat; 7. a flat key; 8. a composite material layer; 9. a spring washer; 10. a closing bolt; 11. an oil guiding groove; 12. a T-bond; 13. tile lining A; 14. an oil injection pipe; 15. tile lining B; 16. an oil injection hole; 17. and (5) oil inlet wedge.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the cement industry field, the bearings adopted on the roller press are double-row self-aligning roller bearings, and due to the fact that the bearing load is large, premature fatigue damage often occurs, so that the service life of the bearings is greatly reduced; on the other hand, with the demand for increasing cement production, roller presses are also developed to high-capacity models, but are limited by the current processing capacity, carrying capacity and manufacturing level of large-size bearings, and the development of roller presses to large models is limited.

Under the background, the embodiment of the invention adopts elastic metal plastic tiles to replace rolling bearings through optimal design and calculation, and the project bearing operates in the installation of a cement plant in Sichuan.

The elastic metal plastic tile is adopted to improve the bearing capacity of the bearing, so that the service life is greatly prolonged; the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the possibility of enlargement of the bearing is increased; the traditional rolling bearing can only be scrapped for complete replacement after being damaged, and the sliding bearing can only replace parts in the rolling bearing, so that the use cost and the maintenance cost are greatly saved.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing, the working surface of which is made of four layers or more than four layers of materials by compounding high-strength synthetic fiber and high-wear-resistance special engineering plastic reinforced modified elastic metal plastic tile materials, wherein the bottom layer is a steel matrix 4, a brazing layer 3 is arranged on the steel matrix, a metal wire pad 2 is arranged on the brazing layer, a surface layer 1 is arranged on the metal wire pad, the brazing layer, the metal wire pad and the surface layer are used as elastic metal plastic tile surfaces, the surface layer material is modified polytetrafluoroethylene, and the surface layer can be divided into a surface friction layer and a connecting layer or is only a surface friction layer; the metal wire pad is used as a transition medium for combining a surface layer and a steel matrix, and the surface friction layer comprises a connecting layer or a plurality of layers of engineering plastics; the brazing layer is used for ensuring firm combination of the composite material tile surface formed by the surface layer and the metal wire pad and the steel matrix, and the steel matrix provides structural strength and rigidity of the bearing.

In order to realize the on-line monitoring of the end life of the elastic metal plastic tile, as shown in fig. 2, a conductive layer 5 is further arranged between the metal wire pad and the surface layer on the basis of fig. 1, and the conductive layer has conductivity and is used for monitoring the end life in real time on line. The main characteristics of the material are as follows: low friction, high wear resistance; the self-adjusting performance is unique, the stress condition of the bearing bush under variable load is effectively improved, the thinning or damage of an oil film of the bearing bush surface caused by mechanical deformation and temperature deformation is avoided, and the safety margin is large; the heat-resistant performance is certain, and the thermal deformation of the matrix is reduced; the bearing capacity is high, which is improved by more than 20% compared with the conventional sliding bearings such as Babbitt metal, and the like, the design size of the whole machine can be reduced, and the cost is reduced; the lubricating oil is suitable for thin oil lubrication and grease lubrication, and can still work normally under the working condition of oil-water mixed lubrication; the anti-seizure performance is achieved, and the occurrence of sticking burning accidents is avoided; the tile surface is not required to be scraped during installation and maintenance, so that the installation and maintenance time is saved; only the tile surface needs to be replaced when the shaft tile is replaced, so that the cost and the maintenance time are reduced; the bonding layer is conductive, so that the end life of the thrust tile can be monitored on line in real time, and the abrasion condition is not required to be checked by frequently disassembling the machine.

The surface engineering plastic layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0 to 1.5 percent of aramid fiber, 13 to 17 percent of polyphenyl ester and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene;

the conductive layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0 to 20 percent of copper powder, 8 to 15 percent of graphite, 5 to 10 percent of carbon fiber, 0 to 10 percent of polyether-ether-ketone, 0 to 20 percent of glass fiber and 0 to 5 percent of conductive carbon nano tube; the balance being polytetrafluoroethylene.

Aiming at the working condition of the bearing and the existing production and processing capacity, the sliding structure forms of the spherical aligning bearing adopted by working shafts with different diameters are different, and the lubrication modes are also different, specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the spherical sliding bearing can adopt a splicing structure, and comprises a spherical tile seat 6, a tile lining arranged in an inner hole of the spherical tile seat, elastic metal plastic tile faces 8 compounded on the inner diameter and the end faces of the tile lining, a plurality of oil guide grooves 11 used for end face lubrication are arranged on the surface layers of the two end faces, the spherical seat is of an integral structure, the tile lining is divided into a plurality of tiles, oil inlet contracts are arranged on the tile lining, each tile lining is combined on the spherical seat through a bolt 10 and a spring washer 9, and a play preventing flat key 7 is arranged between the last tile lining in the rotation direction and the spherical tile seat and is axially positioned against a shoulder. The tile lining is a steel matrix.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the spherical sliding bearing can also adopt a multi-oil wedge structure, and comprises a spherical bushing seat, bushing liners arranged in inner holes of the spherical bushing seat, elastic metal plastic bushing surfaces compounded on the inner diameter and two end surfaces of the bushing liners, wherein the spherical bushing seat is of an integral structure, the bushing liners are divided into a plurality of blocks, key grooves are formed in the corresponding spherical bushing seats between the bushing liners, the bushing liners A13 and the bushing liners B15 are positioned through T-shaped keys 12 and are pressed on the spherical bushing seat through the T-shaped keys and bolts, two ends of the bushing liners are clamped on the spherical bushing seat through bolts and spring washers, and a play-preventing flat key is arranged between the last bushing liner in the rotating direction and the spherical bushing seat and is positioned axially by a shoulder.

The splicing structure and the multi-oil wedge structure can be selected according to actual conditions, and as an alternative implementation mode, the splicing structure is adopted for the spherical sliding bearing with the working journal diameter of 600mm less than d less than or equal to 1200mm, and the multi-oil wedge structure is adopted for the spherical sliding bearing with the working journal diameter of d more than 1200.

A forced oil spraying pipe 14 is arranged above the T-shaped key, the upper end of the oil spraying pipe is 10-15mm away from the working layer on the surface of the tile lining, a plurality of oil spraying holes 16 are arranged on the oil spraying pipe, and the diameter of each oil spraying hole is 2-5 mm; the two ends of each lining tile along the radial direction are provided with oil inlet wedge 17.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing,

the friction layer, the conductive layer and the metal wire pad are formed by cold pressing-sintering, and then are formed by brazing with a steel matrix after tin immersion, and an insulating layer is sprayed on the matrix or an insulating backing plate is added at the bottom of the matrix.

The friction layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: aramid fiber: 1%, polyphenyl ester: 15%, polytetrafluoroethylene: 84%.

The conductive layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: copper powder: 10%, graphite: 10%, carbon fiber: 10% and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing a proper amount of metal wires according to a proportion, covering the metal wires on a working layer, applying preset pressure, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time to obtain a metal wire pad; in this example, a pressure of 50MPa is applied for 15min.

S2, weighing and mixing the materials in the conductive layer according to the proportion, covering the materials on the metal wire pad, and pressing the materials with a metal plate until the materials are smooth;

s3, weighing and mixing the materials in the friction layer according to the proportion, covering the friction layer on the conductive layer, applying preset pressure, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile surface blank; s1, S2 and S3 finish cold press molding in a mold pressing mold; in this example, a pressure of 50MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes.

S4, placing the elastic metal plastic tile surface blank in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering and plasticizing, wherein the sintering temperature is 370-390 ℃, the sintering time is 30-60 min, and cooling to 100-60 ℃ along with the furnace to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile surface; in this example, the sintering temperature was 380℃and the sintering time was 30min, and the furnace was cooled to 90℃and discharged.

S5, immersing the tile surface of the elastic metal plastic tile into a liquid solder container to fill the liquid solder into the gaps of the metal wire pads;

s6, brazing the tile surface of the elastic metal plastic tile obtained in the step S5 to a steel tile base to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile;

s7, machining the elastic metal plastic tile to obtain a finished bearing bush;

s8, configuring an insulating backing plate with the same size at the bottom of the elastic metal plastic tile steel substrate in the step S8.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing is characterized in that a working surface of the bearing is made of high-strength synthetic fibers and high-wear-resistance special engineering plastic reinforced modified elastic metal plastic tile materials, the bearing is formed by compounding four layers and more than four layers of materials, wherein a bottom layer is a steel substrate, a brazing layer is arranged on the steel substrate, a metal wire pad is arranged on the brazing layer, a surface layer is arranged on the metal wire pad, the brazing layer, the metal wire pad and the surface layer serve as elastic metal plastic tile surfaces, the surface layer is made of modified polytetrafluoroethylene, and the surface layer can be divided into a surface friction layer and a connecting layer or is only a surface friction layer; the metal wire pad is used as a transition medium for combining the surface layer with the steel matrix; the brazing layer is used for ensuring firm combination of the composite material tile surface formed by the surface layer and the metal wire pad and the steel matrix, and the steel matrix provides structural strength and rigidity of the bearing.

2. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein a conductive layer is further arranged between the metal wire pad and the surface layer, and the conductive layer has conductivity and is used for monitoring the end life in real time on line.

3. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 2, wherein the weight percentage of each material in the surface engineering plastic layer is as follows: 0 to 1.5 percent of aramid fiber, 13 to 17 percent of polyphenyl ester and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene;

the conductive layer comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0 to 20 percent of copper powder, 8 to 15 percent of graphite, 5 to 10 percent of carbon fiber, 0 to 10 percent of polyether-ether-ketone, 0 to 20 percent of glass fiber and 0 to 5 percent of conductive carbon nano tube; the balance being polytetrafluoroethylene.

4. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein the spherical sliding bearing adopts a splicing structure and comprises a spherical tile seat, a tile liner arranged in an inner hole of the spherical tile seat, elastic metal plastic tile surfaces compounded on the inner diameter and the end faces of the tile liner, a plurality of oil guide grooves used for end face lubrication are arranged on surface layers of two end faces, the spherical seat is of an integral structure, the tile liner is divided into a plurality of blocks, oil inlet wedge is arranged on the tile liner, each tile liner is matched on the spherical seat through a bolt and a spring washer, and a tamper-proof flat key is arranged between the last tile liner in the rotation direction and the spherical tile seat and is axially positioned by a shoulder.

5. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 4, wherein the working journal of the spherical sliding bearing is 600mm < d < 1200mm.

6. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein the spherical sliding bearing adopts a multi-oil wedge structure and comprises a spherical tile seat, tile liners arranged in inner holes of the spherical tile seat, elastic metal plastic tile surfaces compounded on the inner diameters and two end faces of the tile liners, the spherical seat is of an integral structure, the tile liners are divided into a plurality of blocks, key grooves are formed in the corresponding spherical tile seats between the tile liners, the tile liners are positioned through T-shaped keys and pressed on the spherical tile seat through the T-shaped keys and bolts, two ends of the tile liners are clamped on the spherical seat through the bolts and spring washers, and a tamper-proof flat key is arranged between the last tile liner in the rotating direction and the spherical tile seat and is positioned axially by a shoulder.

7. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 6, wherein the working journal d of the spherical sliding bearing is more than 1200mm.

8. The spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to claim 6, wherein a forced oil injection pipe is arranged above the T-shaped key, the upper end of the oil injection pipe is 10-15mm away from a working layer on the surface of the bushing, a plurality of oil injection holes are arranged on the oil injection pipe, and the diameter of the oil injection holes is 2-5 mm; each lining tile is provided with an oil inlet wedge along the radial direction.

9. A method for preparing a spherical aligning multi-oil wedge elastic metal plastic sliding bearing according to any one of claims 2 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, weighing a proper amount of metal wires according to a proportion, covering the metal wires on a working layer, applying preset pressure, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time to obtain a metal wire pad;

s2, weighing and mixing the materials in the conductive layer according to the proportion, covering the materials on the metal wire pad, and pressing the materials with a metal plate until the materials are smooth;

s3, weighing and mixing the materials in the friction layer according to the proportion, covering the friction layer on the conductive layer, applying preset pressure, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile surface blank;

s4, placing the elastic metal plastic tile surface blank in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering and plasticizing, wherein the sintering temperature is 370-390 ℃, the sintering time is 30-60 min, and cooling to 100-60 ℃ along with the furnace to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile surface;

s5, immersing the tile surface of the elastic metal plastic tile into a liquid solder container to fill the liquid solder into the gaps of the metal wire pads;

s6, brazing the tile surface of the elastic metal plastic tile obtained in the step S5 to a steel tile base to obtain the elastic metal plastic tile;

s7, machining the elastic metal plastic tile to obtain a finished bearing bush;

s8, configuring an insulating backing plate with the same size at the bottom of the elastic metal plastic tile steel substrate in the step S8.

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