CN116162874A - Deformable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Deformable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116162874A CN116162874A CN202310129621.9A CN202310129621A CN116162874A CN 116162874 A CN116162874 A CN 116162874A CN 202310129621 A CN202310129621 A CN 202310129621A CN 116162874 A CN116162874 A CN 116162874A
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 37
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 24
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium;methane Chemical compound C.[Hf] WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of magnesium alloy forging, in particular to a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides a preparation method of a wrought magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating the deformed magnesium alloy at 350-550 ℃ and then aging to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy. The method provided by the invention can solve the problem of the reduction of the ignition point of the magnesium alloy after the deformation process is carried out, and the deformed magnesium alloy with high ignition point is obtained. Experiments show that the method provided by the invention successfully recovers the ignition point of the magnesium alloy after deformation processing, and the highest recovery quantity of the ignition point reaches 70 ℃. The invention designs a heat treatment process for reducing the influence of a low ignition point grain boundary region, so that the ignition point of the deformed magnesium alloy is effectively improved, and the deformed magnesium alloy obtained after heat treatment is suitable for preparing stamping, extruding, forging, rolling parts and the like of automobiles and trains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnesium alloy forging, in particular to a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As the lightest metal structural material, the magnesium alloy has a series of advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good vibration and noise reduction and electromagnetic shielding performance, strong dynamic impact load resistance, rich resources and the like, so that the magnesium alloy has great application prospect in national economy and national defense construction. However, the traditional magnesium alloy has lower ignition point and certain potential safety hazard, so the magnesium alloy is not suitable for being used as key materials of railway passenger car bodies, airplane parts and the like. Therefore, the research and development personnel respectively add a small amount of elements such as calcium (Ca), beryllium (Be) and the like into the alloy to improve the flame retardant property of the magnesium alloy, and the main principle is that the elements form a compact oxide film on the surface of the solid alloy or the liquid alloy to prevent the severe combustion caused by volatilization of magnesium atoms into gas. In addition, when some magnesium alloys are used as automobile or train parts, it is necessary to deform them. When the magnesium alloy is used as a part of an automobile or a train, once the automobile body is in fire, the magnesium alloy can be ignited and emits a large amount of combustion heat, and the disastrous result is generated. For this reason, researchers have prepared different kinds of flame retardant magnesium alloys by adding elements to raise the ignition point of the alloy.
Inventions using Ca, be, RE, etc. as flame retardant elements have been reported:
1. chinese patent, application number: 201611243957.4, filing date: 2016-12-29. The patent of the invention is named as 'a corrosion-resistant and high-temperature creep-resistant die-casting magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof', and describes a preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and high-temperature creep-resistant die-casting magnesium alloy. The cast magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:7.0 to 11.5wt.%, zn:0.5 to 2.0wt.%, mn:0.3 to 0.4wt.%, RE:0.2 to 2.5wt.%, yb:0.1 to 3.3wt.%, sm:0.1 to 5.8wt.%, sr:0.1 to 2.0wt percent, the balance being Mg and unavoidable impurity elements, RE being misch metal. The test shows that: under the condition of applying stress of 50MPa and testing temperature of 150 ℃, the magnesium alloy of the patent has a steady-state creep rate of 1.81 multiplied by 10 9s 1 for 100h and a creep strain of 0.18 percent for 100 h; after a neutral salt spray test of 5% NaCl at 35℃for 100 hours, the corrosion rate was 0.055mg/cm2day.
2. Chinese patent, application number: 201510869934.3, filing date: 2015-12-03. The invention relates to a rare earth magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, and discloses a rare earth magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the rare earth magnesium alloy contains 1-5% of RE, 0-1% of Sr, 0.2-2% of Zn, 0-1% of Zr and the balance of Mg, and the RE is one or more of Sm, la, ce and Y and has high heat conductivity, strength and high-temperature strength. The patent comprises the steps of proportioning raw materials, preheating, alloying and microalloying after smelting, carrying out component analysis and fracture inspection after refining and impurity removal, and die-casting and forming after qualification. The preparation method provided by the patent is simple and convenient to operate, and the prepared rare earth magnesium alloy is high in purity and suitable for industrial production.
3. Chinese patent, application No. 201710391621.0, filing date 2017.05.27. The patent of the invention relates to a magnesium alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a wear-resistant magnesium alloy, a magnesium alloy surfacing welding wire and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal materials and metallurgy. The magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 7.98 to 9.31 percent of Zn:0.19 to 1.52 percent, mn:0.10 to 0.61 percent, gd:0.80 to 1.89 percent, 0.4 to 1.49 percent. The balance being Mg. Under the dry friction and wear test condition at room temperature, the relative wear resistance of the Mg-Al-Zn-Gd-Y magnesium alloy welding wire after surfacing can reach 3.09.
4. Chinese patent, grant No.: 201410409421.X, filing date: 2014-08-19. The patent entitled "a magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy composite material, and method for producing the same" describes a magnesium alloy composite material comprising: a magnesium alloy; a corrosion-resistant layer compounded on the surface of the magnesium alloy; the magnesium alloy includes: more than 0 and less than or equal to 2wt% of Zn, more than 0 and less than or equal to 2wt% of Ca, more than 0 and less than or equal to 2wt% of Sm, more than 0 and less than or equal to 6wt% of Y and the balance of Mg; the corrosion resistant layer contains hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide or zirconium carbide. The magnesium alloy has high mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance; the corrosion-resistant layer has high hardness, strong corrosion resistance and good combination with magnesium alloy. Experimental results show that the tensile strength of the magnesium alloy composite material provided by the patent is above 400MPa, the yield strength is above 280MPa, the elongation is greater than 7%, the surface Vickers hardness Hv0.2 is greater than 102, and the bonding strength of the corrosion-resistant layer and the magnesium alloy is above 5B grade (ASTM).
5. Chinese patent, application number: 201710509827.9, filing date: 2017-06-28. The invention provides a sand casting magnesium alloy, which is provided with the following components: 4-5 wt% of Sm;0.5 to 3wt% of Nd;0.2 to 0.5wt% of Yb;0.5 to 0.8wt% of Zn;0.4 to 0.6wt% of Zr; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. The light rare earth Sm and Nd in the patent can play roles of fine crystal strengthening, solid solution strengthening and precipitation second phase strengthening; and Sm, nd and Mg can form a second phase with good thermal stability, and the second phase can effectively block dislocation movement and grain boundary sliding at high temperature, so that the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy is effectively improved. The patent adds trace Yb element with larger atomic radius into the sand casting magnesium alloy, can reduce the stacking fault energy, promote twin crystal and generate strong solid solution strengthening effect; under the comprehensive actions of Sm, nd and Yb, the sand casting magnesium alloy with good comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained.
6. Chinese patent, application number: 201710509847.6 application date: 2017-06-28. The invention provides a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 4-5 wt% of Sm; 0.75-3 wt% of Yb;0.5 to 0.8wt% of Zn;0.4 to 0.6wt% of Zr; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. The patent adds Sm and Yb in the deformed magnesium alloy with Mg, zn and Zr components, the Sm and Yb have synergistic effect, can reduce the solid solubility of the alloy, have the effects of refining grains, strengthening solid solution and strengthening precipitation and precipitation of second phase strengthening, and can form intermetallic compounds Mg3Sm, mg24 (Sm, yb) 5 and Mg5 (Sm, yb) with high relative melting point and good thermal stability. The second phases with good stability can effectively block dislocation movement and grain boundary movement under the high temperature condition, so that the mechanical property and heat resistance of the wrought magnesium alloy are improved. The patent also provides a preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy.
On the one hand, according to the existing researches and reports, the additive elements in the in-service flame-retardant magnesium alloy are mostly single effects of elements such as calcium (Ca), beryllium (Be), rare Earth (RE) and the like; on the other hand, most of the active flame-retardant magnesium alloy parts are cast parts, but not deformed alloys, and the main reason is that the ignition point of the deformed flame-retardant alloy is obviously reduced. This is due to the change in microstructure of the alloy during deformation, which results in a large number of low melting grain boundary regions in the alloy.
In summary, the existing flame-retardant magnesium alloy increases the ignition point of the alloy by adding single Ca, be, RE and other elements, most of the existing flame-retardant magnesium alloy is cast, and after the alloy is prepared into a wrought alloy part, the flame-retardant performance is greatly reduced, so that the application of the alloy is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method provided by the present invention can solve the problem of the reduction of the ignition point of the magnesium alloy after the magnesium alloy is subjected to the deformation process, and obtain the wrought magnesium alloy with high ignition point.
The invention provides a preparation method of a wrought magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
heating the deformed magnesium alloy at 350-550 ℃ and then aging to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
The inventors of the present application have creatively found that the ignition point of the deformed magnesium alloy can be recovered by heat-treating the deformed magnesium alloy in a specific temperature range.
Firstly, heating the deformed magnesium alloy at 350-550 ℃; specifically, the invention heats the deformed magnesium alloy to 350-550 ℃ step by step. In certain embodiments of the invention, the heating is preferably at a temperature of 400 ℃ to 500 ℃, more preferably 400 ℃ to 420 ℃, and even more preferably 410 ℃. In one embodiment, the heating time is 1h to 5h.
The magnesium alloy after the deformation processing can be the magnesium alloy which is not cooled immediately after the deformation processing, or the magnesium alloy which is cooled immediately after the deformation processing. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the deformed magnesium alloy prior to heating is from 0 ℃ to 550 ℃, more preferably from 0 ℃ to 500 ℃, more preferably from 0 ℃ to 420 ℃, more preferably from 0 ℃ to 410 ℃.
The invention heats the deformed magnesium alloy at 350-550 ℃ and then carries out aging treatment to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy. Specifically, the deformed magnesium alloy is heated at 350-550 ℃ and then subjected to aging treatment at 150-250 ℃ to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the aging treatment is preferably carried out at 175℃to 225 ℃. In one embodiment, the time of the aging treatment is 5 to 20 hours, preferably 10 to 17 hours, more preferably 10 to 15 hours.
The method is suitable for magnesium alloy common in the field, particularly high-strength heat-resistant cast magnesium alloy, more particularly high-strength heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy, and the magnesium alloy can contain or not contain Ca, rare earth elements, metal elements which can be added in other magnesium alloys and the like. In certain embodiments of the invention, the magnesium alloy is a magnesium aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the magnesium alloy is a Mg-Al-Ca-RE-Mn flame retardant alloy; RE is rare earth element.
In some embodiments, the magnesium alloy of the present invention comprises the following components: 0-10% of element M;0.5 to 10wt% of Al;0 to 5wt% of Ca;0 to 15wt% of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities; the element M is at least one selected from Zn, zr, cd, cr, be, sr, ba; the rare earth element is selected from at least one of La, ce, nd, sm, gd, Y, dy, ho, er, yb, eu.
In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy of the present invention comprises the following components: 0-5% of an element M, wherein the element M is selected from at least one of Zn, zr, cd, cr, be, sr, ba; 2 to 9 weight percent of Al;1 to 3 weight percent of Ca;0.2 to 6 weight percent of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities; the element M and the rare earth element are the same as described above, and are not described in detail.
In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy of the present invention comprises the following components: 2 to 9 weight percent of Al;0 to 3wt% of Ca;0 to 6 weight percent of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg; the rare earth elements are the same as above, and are not described in detail. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy of the present invention comprises the following components: 3 to 9 weight percent of Al;0 to 3wt% of Ca;0 to 6 weight percent of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg; the rare earth elements are the same as above, and are not described in detail.
In some embodiments, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 0.5 to 10wt% of Al;0.5 to 5 weight percent of Ca;0.2 to 15wt% of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 2 to 9 weight percent of Al;1 to 3 weight percent of Ca;0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 3 to 9 weight percent of Al;1 to 3 weight percent of Ca;0.2 to 0.6 weight percent of rare earth element; 0.1 to 3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. The rare earth elements are the same as above, and are not described in detail.
The invention can utilize Ca and rare earth alloy with specific proportion as flame retardant element. In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the magnesium alloy contains Ca and rare earth elements, wherein the mass ratio of Ca to rare earth elements is x, and x is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 10, and preferably is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 5. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 2wt% Al;2wt% Ca;2wt% La;0.5wt% Mn; the balance being Mg. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 3wt% Al;3wt% Ca;1wt% Ce;0.3wt% Mn; the balance being Mg. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 9wt% Al;1wt% Ca;1wt% of Y;0.5wt% Mn; the balance being Mg. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 3wt% Al;2wt% Ca;2wt% Ce;0.5wt% Mn; the balance being Mg. In one embodiment, the magnesium alloy comprises the following components: 9wt% Al;0.5wt% Mn; the balance being Mg.
The deformation processing technology of the magnesium alloy after deformation processing is not particularly limited, and is common to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments of the present invention, the deformation processing process of the magnesium alloy after the deformation processing is selected from at least one of forging, die forging, extrusion, rolling, and drawing.
The invention provides the wrought magnesium alloy prepared by the preparation method. The invention utilizes the synergistic effect of Ca and rare earth elements in a specific proportion, improves the flame retardant property of the alloy, and improves the flame retardant temperature by about 70-100 ℃ compared with a single Ca or rare earth element-added material. The ignition point of the deformed magnesium alloy can be obviously reduced, and the ignition point of the material with large deformation can be reduced by more than 100 ℃, compared with a deformed part without heat treatment, the ignition point of the deformed magnesium alloy provided by the invention is improved by about 60-90 ℃, so that the mechanical property of the alloy can be obviously improved, the shape of the required part can be obtained, and the obvious reduction of the ignition point can be avoided. Compared with the traditional cast flame-retardant magnesium alloy, the deformed magnesium alloy provided by the invention is more suitable for preparing parts such as forge pieces, extruded profiles, plates and the like, and has excellent flame retardant property. Therefore, compared with the traditional flame-retardant alloy, the wrought magnesium alloy provided by the invention has better flame-retardant capability, low cost and stronger practicability.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps: smelting and casting the magnesium alloy raw material to obtain the magnesium alloy. Specifically, a Mg source, an Al source, a Ca source, a Mn source, an M source and a rare earth source are smelted and cast to obtain the magnesium alloy. In certain embodiments of the invention, the M source, the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the Mn source, and the rare earth source are dosed; smelting the Mg source to obtain Mg alloy liquid; smelting the M source, the Al source, the Ca source, the rare earth source and the Mg alloy liquid to obtain a mixed liquid; smelting the Mn source and the mixed solution to obtain mixed alloy solution; and casting the mixed alloy liquid to obtain the magnesium alloy.
In some embodiments, the method of preparing a magnesium alloy comprises: mixing an M source, an Mg source, an Al source, a Ca source, an Mn source and a rare earth source; removing oxide skin on the surface of each component raw material and preheating to 200-300 ℃; preheating the clamp pot to 500-600 deg.CWherein a source of Mg is added and SF is introduced 6 And CO 2 Heating the mixed gas to 720-740 ℃ until the magnesium source is completely melted to obtain Mg alloy liquid; adding the preheated M source, al source, ca source and rare earth source into the Mg alloy liquid to obtain a mixed liquid; continuously heating to 760-800 ℃, and adding the preheated Mn source into the mixed solution to obtain a mixed alloy liquid melt; cooling to 740-760 ℃, and introducing argon into the melt for dehydrogenation; after ventilation is finished, adding a No. 6 flux into the melt for refining, and standing for 40-60 minutes; after standing, preserving heat for 10-15 minutes at 720-740 ℃, and casting the melt to obtain the magnesium alloy.
In one embodiment, the SF 6 And CO 2 SF in mixed gas 6 And CO 2 Preferably 1:100 by volume. In one embodiment, after adding the preheated M source, al source, ca source and rare earth source to the Mg alloy liquid, stirring is required, and the stirring time is preferably 5 to 15min. In one embodiment, after adding the above-mentioned preheated Mn source to the mixed solution, stirring is required, and the stirring time is preferably 5 to 15 minutes. In one embodiment, the addition of the above-described preheated Mn source to the mixed liquor is preferably performed at 780 ℃. In one embodiment, the argon dehydrogenation is preferably performed at 750 ℃.
The M is selected from metal elements which can be added into the magnesium alloy. The invention has no special limitation on the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the Mn source, the M source and the rare earth source, and is a material source commonly used in the preparation of magnesium alloy; preferably, the Mg source is a high purity Mg ingot, the Al source is high purity Al, the Ca source is a mg—ca master alloy containing 20% Ca, the rare earth source is a mg—rare earth master alloy containing 30% rare earth, and the Mn source is a mg—mn master alloy containing 20% Mn. The proportions of the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the Mn source, the M source and the rare earth source are the same as those of the magnesium alloy, and the description is omitted. In one embodiment, the M source is selected from at least one of a Zn source, a Zr source, a Cd source, a Cr source, a Be source, a Sr source, and a Ba source. In one embodiment, the rare earth source is selected from at least one of a La source, a Ce source, a Nd source, a Sm source, a Gd source, a Y source, a Dy source, a Ho source, an Er source, a Yb source, and a Eu source.
The invention provides a preparation method of a wrought magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating the deformed magnesium alloy at 350-550 ℃ and then aging to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy. The method provided by the invention can solve the problem of the reduction of the ignition point of the magnesium alloy after the deformation process is carried out, and the deformed magnesium alloy with high ignition point is obtained. Experiments show that the method provided by the invention successfully recovers the ignition point of the magnesium alloy after deformation processing, and the highest recovery quantity of the ignition point reaches 70 ℃. The invention designs a heat treatment process for reducing the influence of a low ignition point grain boundary region, so that the ignition point of the deformed magnesium alloy is effectively improved, and the deformed magnesium alloy obtained after heat treatment is suitable for preparing stamping, extruding, forging, rolling parts and the like of automobiles and trains.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof. Those skilled in the art can, with the benefit of this disclosure, suitably modify the process parameters to achieve this. It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included in the present invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that the invention can be practiced and practiced with modification and alteration and combination of the methods and applications herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The flame-retardant wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:2%, ca:2%, la:2%, mn:0.5%. The preparation method comprises the following steps 1-9:
step 1: according to the mass percentage ratio of the components, the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the La source and the Mn source, the oxide scale on the surface of the raw materials of the components is removed and preheated to 200 ℃.
Step 2: preheating a pincers pot to 500 ℃, and adding the pincers pot into the pincers pot, wherein the step 1 is carried outPreheating to 200deg.C Mg source, heating to 720deg.C, and introducing SF 6 And CO 2 And (3) mixed shielding gas.
Step 3: and (3) after the Mg source is completely melted, adding the Al source, the Ca source and the La source which are preheated to 200 ℃ in the step (1), and uniformly stirring.
Step 4: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is raised to 760 ℃, the Mn source preheated to 200 ℃ is added, and the stirring is carried out uniformly.
Step 5: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is reduced to 750 ℃, and argon is introduced into the melt for dehydrogenation.
Step 6: after the ventilation is completed, no. 6 flux is added for refining, and the mixture is kept stand for 40 minutes.
Step 7: after the standing is finished, the furnace temperature is set to 720 ℃, the heat is preserved for 10 minutes, and then the alloy melt is cast into a steel water-cooling mould to prepare the high-strength heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy cast ingot.
Step 8: and extruding and deforming the alloy ingot at 320 ℃ to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
Step 9: and (3) gradually heating the deformed magnesium alloy obtained in the step (8) from a temperature range of 0-410 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours at 410 ℃, then cooling with water, and preserving heat for 15 hours at 150 ℃ to promote compound precipitation, thereby finally obtaining the deformed magnesium alloy after heat treatment.
Example 2
The flame-retardant wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:3%, ca:3%, ce:1%, mn:0.3%. The preparation method comprises the following steps 1-9:
step 1: according to the mass percentage of each component, the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the Ce source and the Mn source are proportioned, the oxide scale on the surface of each component raw material is removed, and the raw material is preheated to 200 ℃.
Step 2: preheating a pincers pot to 500 ℃, adding the Mg source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1, heating to 720 ℃ and introducing SF 6 And CO 2 And (3) mixed shielding gas.
Step 3: and (3) after the Mg source is completely melted, adding the Al source, the Ca source and the Ce source which are preheated to 200 ℃ in the step (1), and uniformly stirring.
Step 4: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is raised to 760 ℃, the Mn source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1 is added, and the stirring is carried out uniformly.
Step 5: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is reduced to 750 ℃, and argon is introduced into the melt for dehydrogenation.
Step 6: after the ventilation is completed, no. 6 flux is added for refining, and the mixture is kept stand for 40 minutes.
Step 7: after the standing is finished, the furnace temperature is set to 720 ℃, the heat is preserved for 10 minutes, and then the alloy melt is cast into a steel water-cooling mould to prepare the high-strength heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy cast ingot.
Step 8: and extruding and deforming the alloy ingot at 350 ℃ to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
Step 9: and (3) gradually heating the deformed magnesium alloy obtained in the step (8) from a temperature range of 0-420 ℃, preserving the temperature for 2 hours at 420 ℃, then cooling the deformed magnesium alloy with water, and preserving the temperature for 10 hours at 175 ℃ to promote the precipitation of compounds, thereby obtaining the deformed magnesium alloy after heat treatment.
Example 3
The flame-retardant wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:9%, ca:1%, Y:1%, mn:0.5%. The preparation method comprises the following steps 1-9:
step 1: according to the mass percentage of each component, the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the Y source and the Mn source are proportioned, the oxide scale on the surface of each component raw material is removed, and the raw material is preheated to 200 ℃.
Step 2: preheating a pincers pot to 500 ℃, adding the Mg source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1, heating to 720 ℃ and introducing SF 6 And CO 2 And (3) mixed shielding gas.
Step 3: and (3) after the Mg source is completely melted, adding the Al source, the Ca source and the Y source which are preheated to 200 ℃ in the step (1), and uniformly stirring.
Step 4: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is raised to 760 ℃, the Mn source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1 is added, and the stirring is carried out uniformly.
Step 5: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is reduced to 750 ℃, and argon is introduced into the melt for dehydrogenation.
Step 6: after the ventilation is completed, no. 6 flux is added for refining, and the mixture is kept stand for 40 minutes.
Step 7: after the standing is finished, the furnace temperature is set to 720 ℃, the heat is preserved for 10 minutes, and then the alloy melt is cast into a steel water-cooling mould to prepare the high-strength heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy cast ingot.
Step 8: and (3) freely forging the alloy cast ingot at 350 ℃ to obtain the wrought magnesium alloy.
Step 9: and (3) gradually heating the deformed magnesium alloy obtained in the step (8) from a temperature range of 0-420 ℃, preserving the temperature for 2 hours at 420 ℃, then cooling the deformed magnesium alloy with water, and preserving the temperature for 17 hours at 150 ℃ to promote the precipitation of compounds, thus obtaining the deformed magnesium alloy after heat treatment.
Example 4
The flame-retardant wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:3%, ca:2%, ce:2%, mn:0.5%. The preparation method comprises the following steps 1-9:
step 1: according to the mass percentage of each component, the Mg source, the Al source, the Ca source, the Ce source and the Mn source are proportioned, the oxide scale on the surface of each component raw material is removed, and the raw material is preheated to 200 ℃.
Step 2: preheating a pincers pot to 500 ℃, adding the Mg source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1, heating to 720 ℃ and introducing SF 6 And CO 2 And (3) mixed shielding gas.
Step 3: and (3) after the Mg source is completely melted, adding the Al source, the Ca source and the Ce source which are preheated to 200 ℃ in the step (1), and uniformly stirring.
Step 4: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is raised to 760 ℃, the Mn source preheated to 200 ℃ is added, and the stirring is carried out uniformly.
Step 5: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is reduced to 750 ℃, and argon is introduced into the melt for dehydrogenation.
Step 6: after the ventilation is completed, no. 6 flux is added for refining, and the mixture is kept stand for 40 minutes.
Step 7: after the standing is finished, the furnace temperature is set to 720 ℃, the heat is preserved for 10 minutes, and then the alloy melt is cast into a steel water-cooling mould to prepare the high-strength heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy cast ingot.
Step 8: and rolling and deforming the alloy ingot at 300 ℃ to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
Step 9: and (3) gradually heating the deformed magnesium alloy obtained in the step (8) from a temperature range of 0-410 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours at 410 ℃, then cooling with water, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 150 ℃ to promote compound precipitation, thus obtaining the deformed magnesium alloy after heat treatment.
Example 5
The flame-retardant wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:9%, Y: mn:0.5%. The preparation method comprises the following steps 1-9:
step 1: according to the mass percentage of each component, the Mg source, the Al source and the Mn source are proportioned, the oxide scale on the surface of each component raw material is removed, and the raw material is preheated to 200 ℃.
Step 2: preheating a pincers pot to 500 ℃, adding the Mg source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1, heating to 720 ℃ and introducing SF 6 And CO 2 And (3) mixed shielding gas.
Step 3: and (3) after the Mg source is completely melted, adding the Al source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step (1), and uniformly stirring.
Step 4: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is raised to 760 ℃, the Mn source preheated to 200 ℃ in the step 1 is added, and the stirring is carried out uniformly.
Step 5: after the stirring is completed, the furnace temperature is reduced to 750 ℃, and argon is introduced into the melt for dehydrogenation.
Step 6: after the ventilation is completed, no. 6 flux is added for refining, and the mixture is kept stand for 40 minutes.
Step 7: after the standing is finished, the furnace temperature is set to 720 ℃, the heat is preserved for 10 minutes, and then the alloy melt is cast into a steel water-cooling mould to prepare the high-strength heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy cast ingot.
Step 8: and (3) freely forging the alloy cast ingot at 350 ℃ to obtain the wrought magnesium alloy.
Step 9: and (3) gradually heating the deformed alloy obtained in the step (8) from a temperature range of 0-420 ℃, preserving the temperature for 2 hours at 420 ℃, then cooling the deformed alloy with water, and preserving the temperature for 17 hours at 150 ℃ to promote the precipitation of the compound, thus obtaining the deformed magnesium alloy after heat treatment.
The ignition point and mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy ingots, deformed magnesium alloys and deformed magnesium alloy products described in examples 1 to 5 were respectively examined, wherein the state of the magnesium alloy ingots was represented by "forging", the state of the deformed magnesium alloys was represented by "forging+specific deformation mode", the state of the magnesium alloy products was represented by "forging+specific deformation mode+heat treatment", the heat treatment was the treatment method of step 9 in each example, and the examination results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the magnesium alloy ingot has a reduced ignition point after deformation, and after heat treatment, it is recovered to some extent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
heating the deformed magnesium alloy at 350-550 ℃ and then aging to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy comprises the following components:
0-10% of an element M, wherein the element M is selected from at least one of Zn, zr, cd, cr, be, sr, ba;
0.5 to 10wt% of Al;
0 to 5wt% of Ca;
0 to 15wt% of rare earth element;
0.1 to 3wt% Mn;
the balance being Mg.
3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the rare earth element is at least one selected from La, ce, nd, sm, gd, Y, dy, ho, er, yb, eu.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the magnesium alloy comprises the following components:
2 to 9 weight percent of Al;
0 to 3wt% of Ca;
0 to 6 weight percent of rare earth element;
0.1 to 3wt% Mn;
the balance being Mg.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the magnesium alloy comprises the following components:
2wt% Al;2wt% Ca;2wt% La;0.5wt% Mn; the balance of Mg;
or,
3wt% Al;3wt% Ca;1wt% Ce;0.3wt% Mn; the balance of Mg;
or,
9wt% Al;1wt% Ca;1wt% of Y;0.5wt% Mn; the balance of Mg;
or,
3wt% Al;2wt% Ca;2wt% Ce;0.5wt% Mn; the balance of Mg;
or,
9wt% Al;0.5wt% Mn; the balance being Mg.
6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the deformed magnesium alloy is heated at 410 to 500 ℃.
7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the heating is performed for a period of 1 to 5 hours.
8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment is 150 ℃ to 250 ℃;
the aging treatment time is 5-20 h.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the magnesium alloy after the deforming process is 0 ℃ to 410 ℃ before the heating.
10. A wrought magnesium alloy produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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